Physics unit 1

Because I know we always forget these thought Id put them in :

Key info:
Density = mass / volume
The Density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of
a substance
A VECTOR quantity is one which has both SIZE and
DIRECTION(E.G. Velocity, Acceleration, Force)
A SCALAR quantity is one which has SIZE but no
DIRECTION (E.G. length, Mass, Time, Volume, Speed and
temperature.)
Average speed = distance / time
Velocity = change in displacement / time taken
V = s / t
Acceleration = Change in velocity / time taken
A = v / t

Gradient of displacement-time graph = VELOCITY

Gradient of distance-time graph = SPEED
Gradient of velocity-time graph = ACCELERATION
Area under a velocity-time graph = DISPLACEMENT
Area under a speed-time graph = DISTANCE MOVED

acceleration due to gravity (g) (= 9.81 m s-2)

Weight = mass * gravity
The CENTRE OF GRAVITY (cg) of an object is the point at
which the weight of the object acts or appears to act
If an object is in equilibrium its resultant force will always
equal ZERO.

 The PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS states that if an object is in

equilibrium (i.e. balanced) under the action of several
coplanar forces, the sum of the clockwise moments about
any point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments
about that point.
s = distance (metres, m)
u = initial velocity (metres per second, ms-1)
v = final velocity (metres per second, ms-1)
a = acceleration (metres per second squared, ms-2)
t = time (seconds, s)

 A COUPLE :
-Consists of two equal, oppositely directed-parallel,
coplanar forces
whose lines of action do not intersect.
-Always tends to produce rotation.
-Cannot produce a resultant force (Because the Forces are
equal and opposite) and so cannot produce linear motion.
Torque = Force x distance between the forces
Work done = Force x Distance moved in direction of force
-Not all energy will be transferred so final energy gain of
the object may not equal the work done as energy is lost
through friction.
If the force (F) acts at an angle () to the direction of
motion, we must multiply the component of (F) in the
direction of motion (i.e. Fcos) by the distance moved in
order to calculate the work done.
W = Fcos x s
W = Fs cos
Kinetic Energy = x Mass x Speed2
Ek = mv2
Ep = mg h
Ep lost = Ek gained (assuming friction is negligible)

 % efficiency = (useful output energy / Total input energy)

x 100%
Power = work done / time
= (force x distance) / time

The ELASTIC LIMIT of a sample is that value of the

stretching force beyond which the sample becomes
permanently deformed (i.e. it stops behaving elastically)
A material obeys HOOKES LAW if the EXTENSION is
directly proportional to the APPLIED FORCE. This is true as
long as the materials ELASTIC LIMIT is not exceeded.
strain = extension / original length
Stress = force / area

k is the spring constant

Young modulus , E = Stress / Strain

E is the gradient of a stress/strain graph