Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Chapter - 01
What is a cell?
01
1.2
Plasma membrane
02
1.2.1
1.2.2
Membrane potential
1.2.3
15
1.3
Ribosome
1.4
Endoplasmic reticulum
1.5
Golgi complex
1.6
Lysosome
1.7
Mitochondria
1.8
Plastid
1.9
Peroxisome
1.10
Cytoskeleton
1.11
Cell junction
1.12
1.13
1.14
Nucleus
1.15
Cell cycle
1.16
1.17
1.18
22
24
34
38
41
44
45
46
55
58
59
60
64
70
84
85
Chapter - 02
10
105
2.1.2
Peptide bond
2.1.3
Protein structure
2.1.4
2.1.5
Protein folding
106
108
123
i
113
17
2.2
2.3
2.4
Nucleic acids
125
2.2.1
Structure of dsDNA
2.2.2
Thermal denaturation
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
RNA
133
134
135
137
139
Carbohydrates
143
2.3.1
Monosaccharide
2.3.2
Derivatives of monosaccharide
2.3.3
2.3.4
Polysaccharide
2.3.5
Glycoprotein
2.3.6
143
147
148
150
151
Lipids
152
2.4.1
Fatty acid
2.4.2
2.4.3
Phospholipid
2.4.4
Glycolipid
2.4.5
Steroid
152
153
154
155
156
157
2.5
Vitamin
2.6
Antioxidant
2.7
Animal hormone
2.8
Metabolism
173
2.9
Respiration
174
2.10
129
158
165
165
2.9.1
Aerobic respiration
2.9.2
Glycolysis
2.9.3
Anaplerotic reaction
2.9.4
Oxidative phosphorylation
2.9.5
Shuttle system
2.9.6
Fermentation
2.9.7
Respiratory quotient
2.9.8
Glyoxylate cycle
2.9.9
Photosynthesis
174
175
184
185
194
197
199
200
200
202
2.10.1
Photosynthetic pigment
203
2.10.2
2.10.3
Hill reaction
2.10.4
209
209
2.10.5
2.10.6
Stages of photosynthesis
2.10.7
Photorespiration
2.10.8
C4 cycle
222
223
ii
210
212
209
2.11
Carbohydrate metabolism
225
225
2.11.1
Gluconeogenesis
2.11.2
Glycogen metabolism
2.11.3
229
233
Chapter - 03
Enzymology
3.1
General features
237
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
238
240
240
3.1.4
Enzyme kinetics
3.1.5
Enzyme inhibition
242
3.1.6
Regulatory enzyme
3.1.7
Isozyme
3.1.8
Zymogen
253
3.1.9
Ribozyme
254
3.1.10
3.1.11
Enzyme activity
3.1.12
Enzyme purification
248
251
253
3.2
Protein engineering
3.3
Enzyme immobilization
254
257
258
259
260
Chapter - 04
Molecular Genetics
4.1
Genome organization
265
4.2
4.3
4.4
DNA replication
4.5
Recombination
4.6
DNA repair
4.7
Transcription
4.8
4.9
Genetic code
4.10
Protein synthesis
4.11
Mutation
4.12
Site-directed mutagenesis
4.13
278
287
290
303
309
314
341
361
365
379
391
iii
392
Chapter - 05
409
5.2
411
5.3
5.4
Blotting
5.5
DNA library
5.6
5.7
DNA sequencing
5.8
Chromatography
5.9
Electrophoresis
5.10
Centrifugation
5.11
Spectroscopy
5.12
Mass spectroscopy
5.13
Immunological techniques
414
415
419
424
429
433
437
440
445
446
Chapter - 06
Genetic Engineering
6.1
DNA cloning
455
6.2
6.3
Vectors
6.4
6.5
Recombinant screening
6.6
6.7
Expression vector
6.8
Transcript analysis
6.9
6.10
Transgenic plant
6.11
Antisense technology
6.12
6.13
6.14
Genetic marker
6.15
Genome mapping
6.16
DNA profiling
6.17
Genomics
457
462
473
474
475
478
482
483
485
490
495
496
500
502
503
iv
492
412
Chapter - 07
Tissue Culture
7.1
507
Cellular totipotency
507
508
510
Somatic embryogenesis
Organogenesis
513
514
7.2
514
7.3
515
7.4
516
516
517
Artificial seeds
517
Chapter - 08
Plant hormone
Auxin
520
520
Gibberellin
525
Cytokinin
526
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
527
529
Brassinosteroids
529
Phytochrome
8.3
530
535
540
545
Index
516