(

/03

3,.1-*3.*/4*

%7& '&"#$&)

'(#*#(

mYf\g h]g |k h]kkgYkim] [al]e ljk l][fgdg_aYkaehd]e]flY\Yk

j][]fl]e]fl]
im] eYak aehY[lYe g emf\g `gb]( ]dYkfgjeYd*
e]fl] km_]j]e g [gehmlY\gj( YDfl]jf]l ] g dYk]j+Jk ljk ^gjYe
fg*hdYf]bY\gk( aehj]naklgk ] hgm[g Yhj][aY\gk imYf\g \]k[gZ]jlgk( ]
h]jeYf][]jYe hgm[g Yhj][aY\gk \]hgak \] [ge]Yj Yk]j mladarY\gk+
@d]k
^gjYe [gfk]i]f[aYak+ AgjYe >akf]k I]_jgk+ JZnaYe]fl]( l]egk ]kkY
admkgj]ljgkh][lanY \] im] ^YraYehYjl] \] Yd_me_jYf\] hdYfg+Qg[
hg\] [jaYj kmYkhjhjaYkdaklYk
[ge j]kmdlY\gkhYj][a\gk( mkYf\g ]n]flgk
hgdla[gk(_m]jjYkgm]ha\]eaYk afl]d][lmYak+
q \] k] ]kh]jYj im] fgkkg `aklja[g \] hj]nak]k k]bY`gjjn]d7g emf\g
emalg( eYk emalg eYak [gehda[Y\g \g im] h]fkYegk( g im] fg me
hjgZd]eY( ]p[]lg imYf\g YeYagjaY\Yk h]kkgYkfg kYZ]\akkg+O]f\]*
egk Y!]fljYj ]e lf]ak! Yggd`YjhYjYg ^mlmjg(lgjfYf\g*g [gjjaim]ajg(
danj] \] >akf]k I]_jgk( imYf\g fY n]j\Y\] fg `} fY\Y \] [geme fg
^mlmjg+@d]fg meY [Yl]_gjaYhdYlfa[Y
Qaegk g imYflg kgegk Zgfk ]e fYjjYj \] ^gjeY j]ljgYlanY(]e afn]flYj
`akljaYkim] fgk [gfn]f[]e \] im] [gehj]]f\]egk
g hYkkY\g+
KYjYema*
lYkh]kkgYk(g [gf`][ae]flg l]e g hg\]j aehj]kkagfYfl] \] _]jYj [gf^aYfY
]e n]r \] Yhla\]ke]fkmj}n]ak+Jmljg hjgZd]eY7g ^g[g fg j]_mdYj%af[gf*
k]i]f[aYd&(YhdYlgfa^a[Yg
im] ^YrYhj]nakg !\]fljg \gk hY\j]k!+
<[`g ]k[Yf\Ydgkg im]( Yh]kYj\g `aklja[g ]ehja[g( [gflafm]egk Y
hjgb]lYj g ^mlmjg[geg k] ^kk]egkZgfk fakkg( mkYf\g ^]jjYe]flYk ]

elg\gk im] ]p[dm]e ]n]flgk jYjgk+Kj]nak]k kg ^aje]e]fl]

afklalm*
[agfYdarY\Yk]e fgkkg emf\g+ O]egk meY im]\Y hgj Yim]d]kim] fgk
Ybm\YeYfYn]_Yj h]dYas[]jl]rY( k]bYe ]d]k Y\anaf`gk( Y[Y\ea[gk %[`Y*
lgk&!Z]e*hmZda[Y\gk! gmk]jna\gj]k [anakmladarYf\geYl]e}la[Y ^YbmlY+
)=

7F?Y '=II9

E +=EIY 1FYE;9IW

J _jYf\] l[fa[g \] Z]ak]ZgdTg_a =]jjY l]e me hjgnjZag7 !y \a^[ad

^Yr]j hj]nak]k( ]kh][aYde]fl] imYflg Yg^mlmjg+!<h]kYj \] fg l]j hjg*
\mra\g gk ]k[jalgk im] h]jealajaYe im] ]d] ^gkk][gfka\]jY\g ^adkg^g(
]Y
\]kh]alg \] kmYkYZ]\gjaY] [YhY[a\Y\] afl]d][lmYd(=]jjY hg\] \ar]j im]
kYZ]Yd_meY[gakYkgZj] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+@d]]jY me hjYla[Yfl] \Y af[]jl]rY
]( [geg bg_Y\gj ] l[fa[g \] Z]ak]Zgd(\]hYjYnYj]_mdYje]fl] [ge j]kmd*
lY\gk Yd]Yljagk] laf`Y \] ]f[YjYj hjg^mf\Ye]fl] kmYk[gfk]if[aYk+
IY n]j\Y\]( Tg_a =]jjY fg ^gag fa[g h]fkY\gj im] j]^d]lamkgZj]
imYflg \g ^mlmjg]kl} Yde \] fgkkYk[YhY[a\Y\]k+Hmalgk h]fkY\gj]k
e]fgk hghmdYj]k] e]fgk af[akangk(eYk fg e]fgk [geh]l]fl]k \g im]
]d]( ]pYeafYjYe fgkkYkdaealY]kaf]j]fl]k f]kk] Ykh][lg( \gk ^Ddkg*
^gkEY[im]kCY\YeYj\ ] C]fja Kgaf[Yj %\]k[jalgkfgjeYde]fl]
[geg
eYl]e}la[gk&( Yg^adkg^gAja]\ja[` ngf CYq]c %fgjeYde]fl] \]k[jalg(
af^]dare]fl]( [geg ][gfgeaklY& ] Yg ^Ddkg^g
FYjdKghh]j %[gf`][a\g
[geme]fl]
[geg ^Ddkg^g&+
Kg\]egk( k]_mjYe]fl]( [`YeYj akkg\] [gf*
b][lmjY\] =]jjY*CY\YeYj\*Kgaf[Yj*CYq]c*Kghh]j( im] aeh] daeal]k
]kljmlmjYak] af]j]fl]k Yg]ehj]]f\ae]flg
\] k] ^Yr]j hj]nak]k+
!J ^mlmjgfg eYak g im] [gklmeYnYk]j!( \akk] =]jjY eYak lYj\]+$
KYj][] im] ]klYnY[]jlg7 Yk[gfimaklYkfY [YhY[a\Y\] \] k] eg\]dYj %]\]
k] hj]n]j& g emf\g hg\]e l]j ka\g \aeafm\Yk h]dg Yme]flg ]e kmY
[gehd]pa\Y\] * aehda[Yf\g ]e me hYh]d[Y\Yn]r eYagj hYjYg aehj]*
naklg+LmYflg eYagj ^gj J hh]d \J" >akf]k I]_jgk( eYak \a^[adk]j} ^Yr]j
hj]nak]k+Naflg emalg+
<fl]k \] ]phdgjYjegk gk daeal]k \Y hj]\ag( \ak[mlaj]egk fgkkg `ak*
lja[g \] hj]nak]k ] Yj]dYg]flj] Yk[gfimaklYk\g [gf`][ae]flg
] gk
_Yf`gk ]e Ymlg[gf^aYfYim] [gfljYZYdYfYe[ge ]dYk+
JZk]jn] im] ]kk]k hjgnjZagk YljaZm\gkYTg_a =]jjY hg\]e k]j Yh[ja^gk * im]e [mf`gm
g hjae]ajg ^gag ^ka[gIa]dk =g`j( ] emalgk gmljgk [mf`YjYe g k]_mf\g+ Ig ]flYflg( ]kk]k
hjgnjZagk [gflafmYe k]f\g Z]jjYkegk imafl]kk]f[aYak+

P 0=.Y8/,69

/,

-DL&UHMCNT ;HCMDX
& 9T@MSNR
@L@MSDR
DK@
SDUD+
& <a_a

:<0/L[Z9

RDQ
DBNMNLHRS@%

TR@Q
TL ANL SDQMN
] E@YDQ
@LHFNR& 7[N BDQSN%
@ODM@R
PT@RDBDQSN
& :HNR
Q@RNR
ONCDL SDQ
ONMSNR
OQNETMCNR

@e meY fgal] \] eYjg( Yd_mfk`ge]fk ] emd`]j]k ]klYnYefY ]khdYfY*

\Y im] \} hYjYYZYY
YgdY\g \Y Nq\f]q Jh]jY Cgmk]+J ^ae \g n]jg
YhjgpaeYnY*k]]e Na\f]q( eYk gk`ge]fk mkYnYehYd]lk(Yh]kYj\g [daeY
im]fl]+ <k emd`]j]k ]klYnYe l]jea[Ye]fl] eYak [gf^gjl}n]ak \g im] gk
`ge]fk( eYk kg^jaYe[ge YegZada\Y\] [gehjge]la\Y h]dgkkYdlgkYdlgk+
Og\gk laf`Ye naf\g hY_Yjg hj]g \Y kg^akla[Yg+
@e hgm[g l]e*
hg( ajaYe gmnaj\mjYfl] Yd_meYk`gjYk meY kja] \] `ge]fk ] emd`]j]k
]fgje]k [YflYf\g af[]kkYfl]e]fl] ]e jmkkg+HmalYk\Yk h]kkgYkim]
jmeYnYe hYjYYh]jY hYj][aYe ljYZYd`YjhYjYg ]k[jaljag dg[Yd\Y E+
K+Hgj_Yf gmhYjYYd_meYgmljYafklalmag^afYf[]ajYgf\] gk ]ehj]*
_Y\gk ]ph]jae]flYe
meY jaim]rY \a^]j]fl] \g j]klg \Y hghmdYgdg*
[Yd(kg^j]f\g hj]kk]k [gf[gealYfl]k hYjYnan]j]e k]_mf\g me jgl]ajg
kg^akla[Y\g%h]jY] naf`g&+HYk ]m fg ]klYnYd}hYjY\Yj meY gd`Y\Y
fgk f]g*kg^akla[Y\gk+@m^gjYYl d}hYjYYhj][aYjYNq\f]q Jh]jY Cgm*
k]( [gfkljmg im] Y\gjfY lg\gk gk hjgkh][lgk lmjkla[gkYmkljYdaYfgk+
J
hj\ag j]Yde]fl] \]kdmeZjYfl]( Yh]kYj\] hYj][]j g lahg \] [gfkljmg
im] Yjimal]lgk [jaYe hYjYaehj]kkagfYj gmljgk Yjimal]lgk+

< [Yeaf`Y\Y \Yim]dYfgal] fY hYjl] emalg Y_jY\}n]d\] Na\f]q [`Y*

eY\Y Mg[ck ^gameY h]j]_jafYg+ @fimYflg gk YmkljYdaYfgk
laf`Ye Y
admkg\] im] `YnaYe [gfkljm\g me egfme]flg
hYjY\]klY[Yj Ykad`m]*
lY\Y [a\Y\]( g im] laf`Ye j]Yde]fl] ^]alg ^gjY[gfkljmaj me egfme]f*
lg | af[YhY[a\Y\] \] hj]n]j( hdYf]bYj] [gehj]]f\]j
g JKYIUTNKIOSKTZU
\g ^mlmjg* YkmZ]klaeYgkakl]e}la[Y\g im] g ^mlmjg_mYj\Y+
Jk YmkljYdaYfgk
laf`Ye( fY n]j\Y\]( [gfkljm\g me keZgdg \Y Yjjg*
_~f[aY]haklea[Y \Y jYY`meYfY+< `akljaY Yk]_mafl]7< Nq\f]q Jh]jY
Cgmk] \]n]jaY l]j ka\g afYm_mjY\Y
fg [ge]g \] .630( Yg[mklg\] 4 ea*
d`]k \] \dYj]k YmkljYdaYfgk+
@dY
^afYde]fl] YZjamYkhgjlYk eYak \] \]r
Yfgk\]hgak ]( Yh]kYj\] k]j meYn]jkg e]fgk YeZa[agkY\g im] ^gjY[gf*
[]Za\g afa[aYde]fl]( Y[YZgm
[mklYf\g []j[Y \] .-1 ead`]k \] \dYj]kYmk*
ljYdaYfgk+
<h]kYj \] `Yn]j [Ykgkemalg hagj]k \] ^jY[Ykkgk
\] hdYf]bYe]flg
%YkYZ]j(YPfag Ngnala[Y&(
gm ^jY[Ykkgk
\] hj]nakg %lg\gk gk ]n]flgk
`aklja[gk aehgjlYfl]k&( YNq\f]q Jh]jY Cgmk] g^]j][] meY admkljYg
]k*
lla[Y %h]dge]fgk ]e hjaf[hag&\Yk\a^a[md\Y\]k+@kkY
`akljaY\Y [YkY\]
h]jY YeYak kmYn]\] lg\Yk Yk\aklgj]k im] \ak[mlaj]egk f]klY k]g
%^gaYh]fYk\af`]ajg( ] fg [Ymkgm\]jjYeYe]flg
\] kYf_m]afg[]fl]&+
HYk(Yaf\YYkkae( ]eZd]e}la[Y+
@kl][Yhlmdg
l]e \gak lha[gk+Kjae]ajg( kgegk nakan]de]fl] Yjjg_Yf*
l]k imYflg Ygim] h]fkYsgk im] kYZ]egk+>ge []jl]rY kYZ]egk emalY
[gakY(eYk l]egk meY l]f\f[aY af]j]fl] Yh]fkYj im] ]kk] [gf`][ae]f*
lg me hgmimaf`g eYagj \g im] Yj]Yda\Y\] * eYk KYYK
VU[W[OTNU
km^a[a]fl]hYjYim]( |k n]r]k( l]f`Yegk kjagkhjgZd]eYk+Q]j]egk [geg
k] hg\] n]ja^a[Yj]kkYYjjg_~f[aY(Yl e]\a*DY(fY hjhjaY kYdY
\] ]klYj+
N]_mf\g( n]j]egk Ykaehda[Y]k\]kkY Yjjg_~f[aY]e lg\Yk YkYlana*
\Y\]k im] ]fngdn]e hj]nak]k+
Kgj im] eglang ^Yr]egk lYflYkhj]nak]k; <af\Y hagj( ] eYak afl]j]k*
kYfl]7hgj im] fg ^YdYegkk+gZj]fgkkg `aklja[g \] hj]nak]k; Kgj im]
fg n]egk [geg %imYk]&
k]ehj] \]apYegk hYkkYjgk _jYf\]k ]n]flgk;
>`Yeg akkg\] ]k[~f\Ydg \Y hj]nakg+

@pYeaf]egk g im] [`Yeg \] GXXUMcTIOG

KVOYZgSOIG
*dal]jYde]fl]( fgk*
kYafkgdf[aYimYflg Ygkdaeal]k \] fgkkg [gf`][ae]flg+ 4VOYZgSg meY
hYdYnjY
_j]_Y im] k] j]^]j] Yg[gf`][ae]flg8
\Yj me fge] _j]_g Yme

[gf[]alg YZkljYlg^Yr[ge im] ]d] hYj]YaehgjlYfl]+ q n]j\Y\] im] fgkkg

[gf`][ae]flg
Yme]flY( eYk ]d] Ye]YY\g hgj [j]k[ae]flgk eYagj]k
]e Ymlg[gf^aYfY(im] ^Yr]e [ge im] g Yme]flg \] [gf`][ae]flg
k]bY(
Yge]keg l]ehg( me Yme]flg ]e [gf^mkg( a_fgj~f[aY ] hj]kmfg+
DeY_af] meY kYdY
[`]aY \] h]kkgYk+@k[gd`YYd]YlgjaYe]fl] me f*
e]jg+ J fe]jg hg\] [gjj]khgf\]j
YimYdim]j [gakY7Yhjghgjg \]
[gjj]lgj]k \] Y]khka[ghYlYkfg J]kl] \Y P[j~faY( Ykn]f\Yk \]kl] danjg
fgk e]k]k im] [gfle Yd]ljY X fg fge]( g LD e\ag \] ]\algj]k %gm
]k[jalgj]k& \] danjgk\] f]_[agk( g fe]jg \] YeYfl]k \] >YlYjafYDD
\Y MkkaYKZIKZKXG(
K]YY[Y\Y h]kkgYfY kYdY
im] ]klae] af\]h]f\]f*
l]e]fl] meY ^YapY
\] nYdgj]khgkkn]akhYjY]kk] fe]jg \] ^gjeY im]
Y[j]\al]e im] l]f`Ye 65 hgj []flg \] [`Yf[] \] ]klYj]e []jlgk ] e]fgk
\] / hgj []flg \] [`Yf[] \] ]klYj]e ]jjY\gk+ @e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
g im]
im]j im] ]kl]bYe l]flYf\g Y\anaf`Yj l]e []j[Y \] / hgj []flg \] [`Yf[]
\] ]klYj ^gjY\Y ^YapY
\]^afa\Y hgj ]d]k+Kgj ]p]ehdg7
!@klgm65 hgj []flg [gf^aYfl] \] im] YhghmdYg\g MYbYklg
]kl}
]flj] .2 ] /0 ead`]k \] h]kkgYk+!
!@klgm65 hgj []flg [gf^aYfl] \] im] >YlYjafYDD\Y MkkaY
l]n] ]flj]
01 ] 30 YeYfl]k+!
Qg[ hg\] ^Yr]jaf^]jf[aYk kgZj] YfYlmj]rY`meYfY [gflYf\g imYf*
lYkh]kkgYk]e kmYYegkljY_]e ]klg ]jjY\Yk8fg k] ]kh]jY im] k]bYema*
lg eYak \g im] \gak ]flj] []e hYjla[ahYfl]k+JZk]jn] im] gk gZb]lgk \]
]klm\g %kmYk
nlaeYk&kg danj]khYjY\]^afaj meY ^YapY
lg YehdYimYflg
\]k]bYj]e7 ng[ fg ]kl} l]flYf\g e]\aj k]m[gf`][ae]flg
] kae G KYZO'
SGZO\GW[KZgS JUVXiVXOUIUTNKIOSKTZU(

<_gjY( gk j]kmdlY\gk+>geg emalYk[gakYkfY na\Y( Y\]k[gZ]jlY ^ga

fg*hdYf]bY\Y(Y[a\]flYd(kmjhj]]f\]fl] ] hj][akgm \] Yd_mel]ehg hYjY
k]j \a_]ja\Y+ >gflY Yd]f\Y im] <dZ]jl ] MYa^^Y(
gk h]kimakY\gj]k im] Y
h]j[]Z]jYe( ]klYnYe fY n]j\Y\] hjg[mjYf\g Yd_gZYklYfl]\a^]j]fl]( ]
eYakl]\agkg7 [geg gk `meYfgk [Yd[mdYehjgZYZada\Y\]k]e lgeY\Yk \]
\][ak]k imYf\g Yaf[]jl]rY ]kl} ]fngdna\Y %gim] gk ]klm\agkgk[`YeYe
\] IGROHXGMKS$(
Jk h]kimakY\gj]k ^a[YjYe [gehd]lYe]fl]
[gf^mkgk+J
f\a[] \] ]jjg \] / hgj []flg j]n]dgm ]klYj hjpaeg \] 12 hgj []flg fY
hghmdYgl]klY\Y q emalg j]n]dY\gj im] Yhjae]ajY YegkljY l]f`Y ka\g
\] ]klm\Yfl]k \Y CYjnYj\ =mkaf]kkN[`ggd( [dYkk]fg hYjla[mdYje]fl]
j][gf`][a\Y h]dY`mead\Y\] gm gja]flYg afljgkh][lanY+@klm\Yfl]k\]
e]kljY\g ]e Y\eafakljYg kg ]kh][aYde]fl] \]kY_jY\}n]ak f]kk] Yk*

h][lg( g im] hg\] ]phda[Yjk]mkm[]kkgfgk f]_[agk+ @klm\gkhgkl]jagj]k

\g[me]flYe
eYak `mead\Y\]( gm e]d`gj( e]fgj _jYm\] Yjjg_~f[aY(
]e gmljYkhghmdY]k+
AYpaf]ajgk] eglgjaklYk \] l}pa kg ZYklYfl]`m*
ead\]k+ Kgdla[gk] ]p][mlangk [gjhgjYlangk( af^]dare]fl] +++
ngm \]ap}*Dgk
hYjYeYak lYj\]+
N]j} im] ]klYegk /. n]r]k eYak [gf^gjl}n]ak \g im] \]n]jYegk [ge
g im] kYZ]egk; KYj][] im] kae+
J ]ph]jae]flg ^gaj]hjg\mra\g \raYk \] n]r]k( ]e \a^]j]fl]k hghm*
dY]k(hjg^akk]k] [mdlmjYk(
] hjYla[Ye]fl] lg\g hka[dg_g ]ehja[g ]
lg\g l]ja[g \] \][ak]k g ]ph]jae]flYjYe fY hjhjaY [dYkk]hYjYegk*
ljYj YgkYdmfgkg _jYf\] hjgZd]eY \Y `meYfa\Y\]7 kaehd]ke]fl] fg
kgegk ZYklYfl]k}ZagkhYjYim] fgk [gf^a]e [gf`][ae]flg+ J f\a[] \]
]jjg hj]l]f\a\g \] / hgj []flg [gklmeY ^a[Yj]flj] .2 ] 0- hgj []flg(
\]h]f\]f\g
\Y hghmdYg] \g lha[g+
O]kl]a Yeae e]keg ]( [geg ]jY \] k] ]kh]jYj( ^Yd`]a(e]keg l]flYf*
\g [gfk[a]fl]e]fl]
k]j `mead\]( ]klahmdYf\g [ge [ma\Y\g meY ^YapY
YehdY* ]( Yaf\Y Ykkae(lYdkmZ]klaeYgj]n]dY k]j( [geg n]j]egk( g
~eY_g \] eaf`Yk Ylana\Y\]khjg^akkagfYak+
@kk]nakhYj][] hj]k]fl] ]e
lg\Yk Yk[mdlmjYk(
e]keg fYim]dYkim] ^Yngj][]e Y`mead\Y\] * hgk*
kn]dim] fg `YbYimYdim]j\a^]j]fY aehgjlYfl] ]flj] g []fljg \] FmYdY
Gmehmj ] g Ykk]flYe]flg (Yfla_g\] <eagmf %fgim] `gb] g GZYfg&+
Jfl]e
| lYj\] \]a meY hYd]kljY]e Ggf\j]k ] fg [Yeaf`g hYjYg dg[Yd
^ma]k[j]n]f\g e]flYde]fl]( hgjim] g eglgjaklY \] l}pa laf`Y meY [Y*
hY[a\Y\] Y[aeY\Y e\aY \] !]f[gfljYj lj~fkalg!+ ?][a\a ^Yr]j me ]ph]*
jae]flg j}ha\g \mjYfl] YhYd]kljY+
K]\a YgkhYjla[ahYfl]kim] Yjjak[Ykk]eY\anaf`Yj g fe]jg \] danjgk
fY ZaZdagl][Y\] PeZ]jlg @[gim]( [geg ^a[Yegk kYZ]f\g h]dYafljg\m*
g \Y KYjl] Pe( [gfle 0- ead ngdme]k+?Yk 3- h]kkgYkhj]k]fl]k( f]*
f`meY km_]jammeY ^YapY
km^a[a]fl]e]fl] YehdYhYjYaf[dmajg fe]jg
j]Yd%gf\a[] \] ]jjg \] / hgj []fls lgjfgm*k] ]e .-- hgj []flg&+ @kk]
[Ykghg\] k]j meY YZ]jjYg(eYk Y\aklgjg ]pY[]jZY\Y [ge imYf*
la\Y\]k im] kg ^gjY\g [geme+ ?] eg\g afl]j]kkYfl]( YhdYlaY]jjgm
hYjYemalg eYak ] hYjYemalg e]fgk7 Yd_mfk]klYZ]d][]jYe kmYk^YapYk
]flj] - ead ] 1 ead danjgk(] gmljgk ]flj] 0-- ead ] 3-- ead+
q n]j\Y\] im] Yd_me im] l]f`Y ka\g YnakY\gkgZj] Y fYlmj]rY \g
l]kl] hg\] k] hjgl]_]j ]klYZ]d][]f\g Y ^YapY]flj] r]jg ] af^afalg8eYk
akkg\]apYjaY\] k]j ![YdaZjY_]e! * ]kkYh]kkgYfg ]klYjaYljYfkealaf\g

af^gjeYg Yd_meY] fg hg\]jaY [`]_Yj YmeY \][akg af^gjeY\Y kgZj]

g Ykkmflg+I]kk] [Ykg( eYak `gfj}n]d \ar]j kaehd]ke]fl]7 !Ig im]jg
bg_Yj]kk] bg_g8fg l]f`g Ye]fgj a\aY+!
Ig af[geme im] ]f[gflj]egk
]p]ehdgk [gflj}jagk( h]kkgYkim]
]pY_]jYe fY \aj]g ghgklY]( fY n]j\Y\]( kmh]j]klaeYe g hjhjag f\a*
[] \] ]jjg7 ng[ hg\] l]j me hjaeg im] ]kh][aYde]fl] [ma\Y\gkg [ge
g im] \ar( *gmhg\] d]eZjYj \Yim]d] hjg^]kkgj \] Zagdg_aYfY ^Y[md\Y\]
im] \]egfkljYnY meY `mead\Y\] hYlgd_a[Y8Y l]f\f[aY im] \ak[mlg
YimaYhda[Y*k]
| e\aY \Y hghmdYg(] fg Y [Y\Y af\an\mg+@pakl]e
nYjaY]kkm^a[a]fl]k]e lgjfg \Y e\aY hYjYYkk]_mjYjY hj]k]fY \]
]p]ehdgk [gflj}jagk g[YkagfYak+
@kkYk
h]kkgYkkg YeafgjaY * ]( af^]dar*
e]fl]( b}im] fg Ylaf_]e Yhjg]eaff[aY [ge ^Y[ada\Y\](fg hYj][]e
\]k]eh]f`Yj
me hYh]daf^dm]fl] fY kg[a]\Y\]+
< Yjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y l]e me ]^]alg \mhdg7kmh]j]klaeYegk g im]
kYZ]egk ] kmZ]klaeYegkYaf[]jl]rY hgj e]ag \Y [gehj]kkg \Y ^YapY
\]
]klY\gkaf[]jlgk hgkkn]ak%gmk]bY(j]\mraf\g g ]khYg\g \]k[gf`][a\g&+
<k Yhda[Y]k\]kkY \aklgjg ]kl]f\]e*k] Yde \Y e]jY Zmk[Yhgj
[gf`][ae]flg7
ZYklYgZk]jnYj Ykna\Yk\Yk h]kkgYkYgk]mj]\gj+ Gal]jYd*
e]fl]( hjgn}n]d im] imYdim]j\][akg j]dYlanYYg^mlmjg]kl]bYaf^][lY\Y
hgj ]dY+< jYY`meYfY Y^]lY\Yhgj meY kmZ]klaeYg[jfa[Y\Y hgk*
kaZada\Y\]\g ^mlmjg\]knaYj*k]\g [mjkg nakdmeZjY\gafa[aYde]fl] %Yde
\] gmljYkhYj[aYda\Y\]kim]( |k n]r]k( ]p]j[]e me ]^]alg eYak Y_jYnYf*
l]&+KYjY\Yj me ]p]ehdg Znag(h]fk] ]e imYflYkh]kkgYkk] \angj[aYe+
LmYk]lg\Yk ]klg ^YeadaYjarY\Yk
[ge Y]klYlkla[Y
\] im] ]flj] me l]jg
] e]lY\] \] lg\gk gk [YkYe]flgk ^jY[YkkYe(Yd_gim] YkhYjl]k ]fngdna\Yk
fg hj]najYe Yg ]klYZ]d][]j gk dYgk+
JZnaYe]fl]( !fk fg!( hgjim]
!fgk \Yegk emalg Z]e! %[geg k] gmljYkh]kkgYkim] ]klYZ]d][]e dYgk
k] \]kk]e eYd&+
G]eZjg Ygd]algj im] fg ]klgml]klYf\g g imYflg Ykh]kkgYkkYZ]e ]
kae YnYdaYf\gG JOLKXKTeG
KTZXKUW[KGYVKYYUGY
XKGRSKTZK
YGHKSKUW[GTZU
VKTYGS W[KYGHKS(Dkkge] ^Yrd]eZjYj \] meY e]\a\Y [jaY\Yhgj eaf`Y
e]( \] Zjaf[Y\]ajY( imYf\g \][a\a k]j me `ge]e
\] f]_[agk+ N]f\g
ajfa[YY[]j[Y \] eaf`Y [gf^aYfY%h]j[]Za\Y&(eYk fg f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
]e \na\Y imYflg | eaf`Y [YhY[a\Y\]( ]dY]f[gfljgm me eg\g hYjY
im] ]m ^ar]kk]me _jYf\] f]_[ag+ >geg; <d_me im] hm\]kk] \]k[g*
Zjaj [geg e] [gehjYj h]dg hj]g im] j]Yde]fl] nYd`g] e] n]f\]j h]dg
hj]g im] Y[j]\alg im] nYd`g[gfk]_majaYgZl]j me dm[jg]fgje]+ <h]kYj

\] h]jeYf][]j l]flYf\g [gfn]f[*DY \] eaf`Y `mead\Y\] ] afk]_mjYfY

afl]jagj]k \ak^YjY\Yk
kgZme ]pl]jagj [gf^aYfl]8 Yh]kYj\] \ar]j Y]dYim]
kgmafljgkh][lang * ]dYh]jeYf][] [la[Y+Dfljgkh][lang [gakYf]f`meY(
]dYYaf\YZjaf[Y ]fimYflg ]k[j]ng akkg\ar]f\g im] ]klgme] hj][ahalYf*
\g me hgm[g+

J kaehd]k l]kl] Yfl]jagj km_]j] Yhj]k]fY \] meY l]f\f[aY YjjYa_Y\Y

\gk `meYfgk \] kmZ]klaeYjgk U[ZROKXY
' gm >akf]k I]_jgk+ Kgj [gflY
hjhjaY( l]f\]egk Yh]fkYj im] g im] Y[gfl][] lg\Y \[Y\Y Y[gfl][](
fY n]j\Y\]( meY n]r hgj k[mdg]( Yde \akkg( im] kYZ]egk g im] ]kl}
Y[gfl][]f\g+
J hjgZd]eY \] ]jjg \] [}d[mdg me hgm[g eYakkmlad+
IY n]j\Y\]( gk
U[ZROKXY
fg kg lg k]fkn]akYkmZ]klaeY]k(b}im] le meY ^jY_ada\Y\]
]e j]dYg Y]jjgk \] ]klaeYlanY(im] hg\]e g[gjj]j fYk \mYk\aj]]k+
>geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg3( ]pakl]e [gf\a]k kgZ YkimYakYkh]kkgYk
kmh]j]klaeYe g af[geme gm Yd_me]n]flg af[geme %hgj ]p]ehdg(
imYf\g aeY_]fk k]fkY[agfYakne v e]fl]& * im] ( [geg naegk( [geg
Yk[gehYf`aYk \] k]_mjg hjgkh]jYe+ @flg( g hgflg _]jYd im] ]kk]k
]n]flgk le meY ^jY_ada\Y\]_jYf\] ]e j]dYg Yg KXXUJK IbRI[RU&
[ge
meY kmZ]klaeYg_jYn] _]jYd[geZafY\Y [ge meY kmh]j]klaeYg _jY*
n] g[YkagfYd+
Jk ]jjgk hagjYe [ge g _jYm\] \akl~f[aY \g ]n]flg+ <l Y_gjY([gf*
ka\]jYegk Yh]fYkme f\a[] \] ]jjg \] / hgj []flg fg bg_g im] naegk
Yfl]jagje]fl](
eYk k] gd`Yjegk hYjY(\a_Yegk( kalmY]k]e im] Yk
[`Yf[]k kg \] meY ]e []e( meY ]e ead gmmeY ]e . ead`g( gk ]jjgk
lgjfYe*k] egfkljmgkgk+ Lmsflg e]fgj]k Yk[`Yf[]k( eYagj YYjjg_~f*
[aY]haklea[Y+
JZk]jn] YimameY hYjla[mdYja\Y\]\] fgkkg bmd_Ye]flg aflmalang7
e]keg im] nankk]egk fg H]\ag[jaklg( gf\] ]n]flgk _jYf\]k kg jY*
jgk( Yaf\Y kmZ]klaeYjYegkgk ]plj]egk * h]fkYjYegk im] kg Yaf\Y
eYak jYjgk+NmZ]klaeYegk fgkkg f\a[] \] ]jjgk e]keg [ge nYja}n]ak
_YmkkaYfYk+
Jk fe]jgk im] l]f\]egk Y]klaeYj fg \aY*Y*\aY
h]jl]f[]e
dYj_Ye]fl] Yg@plj]eaklg( gmk]bY(kg [gfljgdY\gk h]dY[gf[]fljYg ]
]klg kmb]algkY>akf]k I]_jgk+

Ig ]pakl] meY \a^]j]fY ]^]lanY]flj] Y\anaf`Yj meY nYja}n]dim] fg

Yd]YljaY(
eYk hYjYYimYdl]f`g af^gjeY]k hYj[aYakgm \]^a[a]fl]k(
[geg g fe]jg \] YeYfl]k im] hYkkYjYeh]dY[YeY \] >YlYjafYDD\Y
MkkaY(
] hj]n]j meY nYja}n]dYd]YljaY(
[geg YlYpY\] \]k]ehj]_g \]
YeYf` gmY=gdkY\] QYdgj]kfg Yfg im] n]e+ I]kk] k]fla\g( Y\anaf`Yj
%gim] fg k]a(eYk im] gmljYh]kkgYhg\] kYZ]j&] hj]n]j %gim] Yaf\Y
fg g[gjj]m& kg Ye]keY [gakY+
KYjYYhj][aYjeYakYda_Yg]flj] Y\anaf`Yj ] hj]n]j( hj]kmeY im] ]e
n]r \] l]flYj ]klaeYj g fe]jg \] YeYfl]k \] >YlYjafY\Y MkkaY
ng[
]kl]bY]klaeYf\g Yim]klg e]fgk afl]j]kkYfl]( eYk hYjYYd_mfkeYakae*
hgjlYfl]( \g [j]k[ae]flg hghmdY[agfYd
fg hjpaeg k[mdg(gk j]lgjfgk
hjgn]fa]fl]k \g e]j[Y\g \] Y]k(g \^a[al \Y hj]na\f[aY kg[aYd(g hj]*
g \g h]ljd]g( g j]kmdlY\g\Y n]f\Y \Y hjghja]\Y\] \] k]mlag*Yn
gmYk
[gf\a]k YeZa]flYakfg =jYkad\Yima Y\mYk\[Y\Yk+Jm( k] ^gj g ]\algj
\g danjg\] T]n_]faY FjYkfgnY(ng[ hg\] l]j im] _]jYj meY ]klaeYlanY
\Yk hgkkn]akn]f\Yk ^mlmjYk+
@klYegkY_gjY]fljYf\g ]e }_mYkh]ja_g*
kYk7
[gfka\]j] Yh]fYkim] YeYagjaY\gk hjg^akkagfYak
im] ^Yr]e hj]nak]k
lYeZe Y^da_a\Y
h]dg aeh]\ae]flg
e]flYd \ak[mla\g Yfl]jagje]fl]+
<de \g eYak(h]kkgYkim] ^Yr]e hj]nak]k hjg^akkagfYde]fl] kg _]jYd*
e]fl] SGOYY^]lY\Ykhgj lYakaeh]\ae]flgk \g im] Ykim] fg ^Yr]e+

Qg[ hg\] k] h]j_mflYj [geg ]klm\g( ]\m[Yg ] ]ph]jaf[aY Y^]lYe Y

Yjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y * [geg h]kkgYk]\m[Y\Yk hg\]e k] kYajfg l]kl]
Yfl]jagj( [gehYjY\Yk Yg j]klg \Y hghmdYg%mkYf\gHac`Yad(g eglg*
jaklY\] l}pa([geg j]^]jf[aY&+Qg[ k]j} kmjhj]]f\a\g h]dYj]khgklY7\]*
h]f\] \Y hjg^akkg+JZk]jnYj]a hjae]ajg YknYflY_]fk \gk !af^gjeY\gk!
kgZj] g j]klg \] fk fg `mead`Yfl] jYeg \Y hj]nakg+
G]eZjg*e] \] l]j nakalY\gme Yea_g ]e me ZYf[g \] afn]klae]flgk
]e IgnY Tgjc ] \] l]j naklgme ^a_mjg^j]fla[g \g lahg !e]klj] \g mfa*
n]jkg! Yf\Yf\g \] me dY\ghYjYg gmljg [ge me hYj \] ^gf]k \] gmna\g
k]e ^aghj]kg Ygkgmna\gk] me ea[jg^gf] hjgb]lYf\g*k] \g dY\g\aj]alg
im] e] aeh]\aY \] e] [gf[]fljYj ]e k]mkd}Zagk\mjYfl] Y[gfn]jkY \]
nafl] k]_mf\gk im] lan]egk+ K]j_mfl]a Yge]m Yea_g imYdg hjghkalg

\Yim]d] Yh]lj][`g+ !@d]_gklY\] h]jeYf][]j ]e [gflYlg [ge Ggf\j]k!(

j]khgf\]m+ LmYf\g ng[ ]ehj]_Y\g( hgjlYflg \]h]f\]fl]
\g bmd_Y*
e]flg \] gmljYkh]kkgYk(hYj][]j g[mhY\g hg\] Ybm\}*Dg
Yj]anaf\a[Yj
j]khgfkYZada\Y\] h]dgk j]kmdlY\gk]e me YeZa]fl] Yd]Yljag+<hYj]f*
lYj ]klYj g[mhY\g j]^gjY Yh]j[]hg \Y [YmkYda\Y\](\Y da_Yg]flj]
gk j]kmdlY\gk] g hYh]d\g af\an\mg ]e j]dYgY]d]k+JZnaYe]fl]( akkg
Yaf\Y eYak Yhda[}n]dYhj]ka\]fl]k \] _jYf\]k ]ehj]kYk im] hj][akYe
YdYj\]YjYda_Yg]flj] kmY!hj]k]fY! ] !da\]jYfY! ] gk j]kmdlY\gk\Y
]ehj]kY+ Ig l]f`g [gf`][ae]flg
\] imYdim]j]klm\g im] ]phdgj] Ymla*
da\Y\] \g l]ehg im] ]kkYkh]kkgYkafn]kl]e ]e [gfn]jkYk ] fY YZkgjg
\] af^gjeY]k hgm[g aehgjlYfl]k * ] lYeZe fg ^gjYe emalgk gk
]k[jalgj]k im] lan]jYe [gjY_]e \] im]klagfYj g imYflg g hYh]d\g hj]ka*
\]fl] af^dm]f[aYg km[]kkg\] meY [gjhgjYg+
?ak[mlYegk me \gk hjaf[ahYak]^]algk\Y af^gjeYg7 g aeh]\ae]flg
Yg[gf`][ae]flg+
<jakll]d]k JfYkkak( lYdn]r g hjae]ajg eY_fYlY ea\aYlarY\g( ^ga ^Y*
egkg hjaf[ahYde]fl] hgj k]j ja[g * ] hgj ]paZajakkg+Bj]_g lfa[g j]*
^m_aY\g\g Nmd\Y OmjimaY(]d] ^gahYjYY<j_]flafY( _Yf`gm me Zge
\af`]ajg aehgjlYf\g lYZY[glmj[g ] \]hgak k] lgjfgm me eY_fYlY fYnYd+
Agag\aY\g imYf\g [Ykgm[ge EY[im]daf]F]ff]\q( nanY\g hj]ka\]fl]
Ye]ja[Yfg Eg`f A+F]ff]\q( g im] d]ngmY[YflgjY \] h]jY HYjaY>YddYk(
[ge g [gjYg hYjla\g( YakgdYj*k]]e me YhYjlYe]flg ]e KYjakhYjY
Y_mYj\YjYegjl]+
N] ]klm\Yj Yna\Y \] JfYkkak(g im] hYkk]ahYjl] \g hjaf[hag \Y na\Y
Y\mdlY^Yr]f\g( ng[ h]j[]Z]j} meY j]_mdYja\Y\] afl]j]kkYfl]7 !ljYZY*
d`g!( fg k]fla\g [gfn]f[agfYd( fg ]jY k]mf]_[ag+ @d]f]e k] aehgjlYnY
]e l]j meY ]k[janYfaf`Y( emalg e]fgk me ]k[jaljag+@d]fg ]jY Yh]fYk
meY h]kkgYim] ^][`YnYf]_([agk( g im] fg lgjfYjaY f][]kk}jag l]j me
]k[jaljag( eYk lYeZe Y\eafakljYn| me aehjag fYnYd(im] f][]kkalY \]
egfalgjYg \a}jaY+HYk kmYhjaf[ahYd^]jjYe]flY ]jY me Zdg[g \] Yfg*
lY]k(im] [gflaf`Y lg\Y af^gjeYg im] hj][akYnY+JfYkkak hYkkgmY
na\Yl]flYf\g kg[aYdarYj
[ge gk ja[gk ] ^Yegkgk(] Yh]jk]_maj %][gd][ag*
fYj&emd`]j]k+ B]jYde]fl]( Y[gj\YnYYge]ag*\aY+ >Ykgf][]kkalYkk]\]
Y[gfk]d`Ye]flg d]_Yd([gfng[YnY k]mkY\ng_Y\gk YYd_me[dmZ]fglmjfg
]e KYjak|k \mYk\Y eYf`+ ?ar]e im] laf`Y me [`Yje] ajj]kakln]d(g
im] g Ybm\YnY
YlajYjnYflY_]e \Ykh]kkgYk+

QYegk Yde \g j]dYlg [mjagkg+Kg\] k]j im] `YbYYimame ]^]alg \]

k]j !]f_YfY\g h]dYYd]Ylgja]\Y\]!( \] k] [jaYj meY da_Yg[YmkYd
]flj] g
km[]kkg\] JfYkkak] k]mSUJ[Y UVKXGTJO(
Kg\] k]j im] ]m fmf[Y n]f`Y Y
kYZ]jk] JfYkkak ]jY lYd]flgkg gmkgjlm\g( k] Z]e im] ]klgm [gfn]f[a\g
\] im] g [`Yje] d`] YZjaYhgjlYk(eYk hgkkg kmZe]l]j k]m SUJ[Y Yme
]pYe] ja_gjgkg gZk]jnYf\g h]kimakYk]ehja[Yk kgZj] Yda_Yg]flj] af*
^gjeYg ]+[gehj]]fkg+ KgjlYflg( YY^ajeYg IUTNKIOSKTZUGJOIOUTGR
YUHXK
GYSOTlIOGYJUYTKMiIOUY
JObXOUY
VUJKYKXOTlZOR
KTG\KXJGJKGZfZi^OIU
af\aj]lY( eYk emalg ]^a[Yre]fl] l]kl}n]d+
Hgklj] Y\gak _jmhgk\] h]kkgYkmeY aeY_]e ZgjjY\Y \] me `a\jYf*
l]( km^a[a]fl]e]fl] ZgjjY\Y hYjYim] fg [gfka_Ye j][gf`][]j
g im] +
KYjYme _jmhg( Yme]fl] Yj]kgdmgd]flYe]fl]( ]e \]r ]lYhYk+KYjYg
k]_mf\g( ^YYakkgeYak j}ha\g( ]e [af[g ]lYhYk+KYj]]e me hgflg ]e
im] gk \gak _jmhgkn]bYe meY aeY_]e a\fla[Y ] h]Yim] a\]fla^aim]e
g im] ]klg n]f\g+ Jk e]eZjgk \g _jmhg im] name]fgk ]lYhYkafl]j*
e]\a}jaYk hjgnYn]de]fl] j][gf`][]jg
g `a\jYfl] emalg eYak j}ha\g+
HgjYd\Y `akljaY;LmYflg eYak af^gjeYg ng[ \]j YmeY h]kkgY(eYak
`ahl]k]k ]dY^gjemdYj} Yg dgf_g \g hjg[]kkg ] l]j} me \]k]eh]f`g
hagj+<k h]kkgYkn]e eYakafl]j^]jf[aYk Yd]YljaYk
] Yk[gf^mf\]e [ge
af^gjeY]k+
J hjgZd]eY im] Yka\aYkkg h]_YbgkYk7
imYf\g [jaYegk meY l]gjaY(
fg hjgn}n]d im] em\]egk \] a\aY* Ykkae(Yim]d]kim] j]lYj\Ye g
\]k]fngdnae]flg \] l]gjaYkkY]e*k] e]d`gj+ LmYf\g k] \]k]fngdn] gha*
fa]k ZYk]Y\Yk]e ]na\f[aYk ^jY[Yk(l]e*k] \a^a[md\Y\] ]e afl]jhj]lYj
af^gjeY]k hgkl]jagj]k im] [gfljY\a_Ye ]kkYkghafa]k( e]keg im]
Ykaf^gjeY]k fgnYk k]bYe gZnaYe]fl] eYak ]pYlYk+
?gak e][Yfakegk
]klg ]e bg_gYima7g nak[gf^ajeYljag im] naegk fg >Yhlmdg2 ] Yh]j*
k]n]jYfY\Y [j]fY( Yl]f\f[aY Yfg k] j]n]jl]j ghafa]k im] b}^gjYe
^gjeY\Yk+G]eZj]*k] \] im] ljYlYegk a\aYk[geg hjghja]\Y\]k ] im]
l]egk \a^a[md\Y\]]e YZjajeg \]dYk+
J ]ph]jae]flg \g `a\jYfl] ^gaj]YdarY\gh]dYhjae]ajY n]r fgk Yfgk
.63-( l]f\g ka\g j]hjg\mra\g \an]jkYkn]r]k \]k\] ]flg+ OYeZe ]klm*
\]a ]kk] ]^]alg mkYf\g YeYl]e}la[Y \Y af^gjeYg7 imYflg eYak [gf`]*
[ae]flg \]lYd`Y\g k] gZle YljYnk\Y j]Yda\Y\] ]ehja[Y( eYak k] n]j}
Yafl]j^]jf[aY %gmk]bY(Y[mjagka\Y\]&] eYak ]dYk]j} [gf^mf\a\Y [ge Y
af^gjeYg j]Yd+G]eZj]*k] im] kgegk af^dm]f[aY\gkh]dg k]fkY[agfYd+
Jmnaj Ykfgl[aYkfg j}\ag Y[Y\Y `gjY emalg hagj hYjYng[ \g im] d]j

meY j]naklYe]fkYd( hgjim] g afl]jnYdg eYak dgf_g h]jeal] im] k] ^adlj]

me hgm[g Yaf^gjeYg+
@e .632( NlmYjlJkcYeh ^gjf][]m Yhka[dg_gk[dfa[gkYjimangkkm*
[]kkangk([Y\Y me [gfl]f\g me ngdme] \] af^gjeYg [j]k[]fl] kgZj]
hY[a]fl]k+ < [YhY[a\Y\] \] \aY_fkla[g \gk hka[dg_gkfg Yme]flgm
[ge g kmhjae]flg Y\a[agfYd\] af^gjeYg+ @d]kk ^a[YjYe eYak [gf*
^aYfl]k]e j]dYg Yg\aY_fkla[g gja_afYd+?]n]*k] j][gf`][]j
im] fg
k] hg\] ]kh]jYj emalg \] hka[dg_gk\]kkY_]jYg( eYk ]kkYk\]k[gZ]jlYk
hYj][]e nYd]jhYjYlg\Yk Yk\ak[ahdafYk+
AafYde]fl]( ]e gmljg ]ph]jae]flg j]n]dY\g j( g hka[dg_gKYmd
Ndgna[
h]\am Y [gjj]lgj]k \] YhgklYkim] k]d][agfYkk]e ]flj] 55 nYja}n]ak]e
[gjja\Yk \] [YnYdgk
b} g[gjja\Yk Yim]dYkim] [gfka\]jYnYe l]ak fg [}d*
[mdg\Yk hjgZYZada\Y\]k+
@kkYk
nYja}n]akaf[dmYelg\Y kgjl] \] af^gjeY*
]k ]klYlkla[Yk
kgZj] \]k]eh]f`gk
hYkkY\gk+Jk [gjj]lgj]k j][]Z]jYe
Yk\]r nYja}n]akeYakl]ak ] \]hgak d`]k h]\ajYe im] hj]nakk]e g j]kmdlY*
\g \] [gjja\Yk+@flg( j][]Z]jYe eYak \]r af^gjeY]k ] h]\ajYe*d`]k
im] hj]nakk]e fgnYe]fl]+ J Yme]flg fg [gfbmflg \] af^gjeY]k fg
d]ngmYme Yme]flg fY ]pYla\g \Yk hj]nak]k8Y[gf^aYfYfYk ]k[gd`Yk
^]alYk(fg ]flYflg( Yme]flgm fglYn]de]fl]+ < af^gjeYg hjgngm k]j l*
pa[Y+Gml]a\mjYfl] ZgYhYjl] \] eaf`Y na\Y [gfljY Y[j]fY [geme \Y
h]kkgY\] fn]d [mdlmjYd
esag \] im] !eYak e]d`gj! * eYak e]d`gj
|k n]r]k( eYk fg k]ehj]+ @kkY
lgpa[a\Y\] \g [gf`][ae]flg
^a[Yj}]na*
\]fl] ]e fgkkYafn]kla_Yg\g kmhgklg]ph]jl( g ]kh][aYdaklY+

<l Y_gjYfg im]klagfYegk YYmlgja\Y\] \gk hjg^akkagfYak]fngdna\gk

] kae Y`YZada\Y\]\]d]k \] [Yd[mdYj
gk daeal]k \g hjhjag [gf`][ae]flg+
< Yjjg_~f[aY ]haklea[Y fg +gZkljma`YZada\Y\]k+Pe ]f[YfY\gj imYk]
k]ehj] kYZ]j} eYak kgZj] ]f[YfYe]flgk \g im] me ]fkYklYl]aegkg
] \g im] me gh]jY\gj \] e]j[Y\g eYl]e}la[g+ Pe [ajmj_ag]kh][aYdarY*
\g ]e `jfaYk jYjYe]fl] kYZ]j}e]fgk kgZj] `jfaYk \g im] meY \YfY*
jafY \g n]flj]+ HYk kmYkhjgZYZada\Y\]k(hgj gmljg dY\g(]klYjg ]jjY\Yk
* ] g hgflg h]jlmjZY\gj im] k] hg\] kYZ]jemalg eYak f]kk] im]kalg
\g im] g ]kh][aYdaklY+
Df\]h]f\]fl]e]fl]
\g im] \a_Ye( im]klagfYj U
hTJOIKJK KXXUY
\g hjg[]\ae]flg
\] me ]kh][aYdaklY
meY ZgYa\aY+Ig
im]klagf] g hjg[]\ae]flg(
eYk kge]fl] Y[gf^aYfY+%>geg Yd_meim]

^gad]kY\gh]dg kakl]eYe\a[g( Yhj]f\a Yk]j [Yml]dgkg] afkaklgim] lg\gk

lYeZe g k]bYe7k] ng[ ]fljYj ]e me [gfkmdljag e\a[g [ge Yd_me
kaflgeY( fg \ gmna\gkYge\a[g imYf\g ]d] \akk]j YhjgZYZada\Y\]\]
im] M[N k]bY[~f[]j+&
N]hYjYj]agk\gak [YkgkYk]_maj+
J [Ykgeg\]jY\g7 GXXUMcTIOG
TGVXKYKTeG
JK #GRM[SG$IUSVKZgTIOG&
] g [Ykg_jYn]7GXXUMcTIOG
IUSHOTGJGIUS OTIUS'
VKZgTIOG
#UZKXTU
\G`OU$(@pakl]eYd_meYk
hjg^akk]k]e im] ng[ kYZ]eYak
\g im] gk ]kh][aYdaklYk(
im] kg( af^]dare]fl]( h]kkgYkhgj [mbYkghafa]k
ng[ hY_Y* ]e n]r \] ]d]khY_Yj]e Yng[ hYjYgmna*Dgk+
LmYakkg ]dYk;

@pakl]meY dal]jYlmjYemalg ja[YkgZj] g [`YeY\g hjgZd]eY \g ]kh][aY*

daklY(
im] j]YdarYl]kl]k ]ehja[gk ]e ]kh][aYdaklYk
hYjYn]ja^a[Yjk]mk`ak*
lja[gk+HYk(afa[aYde]fl]( ]dYhYj][] [gf^mkY+Kgj me dY\g(meY [dYkk]
\] h]kimakY\gj]k \]kZYjYlY\gj]k \] ]kh][aYdaklYk(
[geg KYmd
H]]`d ] Mg*
Zqf ?Yo]k( egkljgm*fgk im] g !]kh][aYdaklY! Y[gakYeYakhjpaeY im]
`} \] meY ^jYm\]([ge me \]k]eh]f`g
fY\Y kmh]jagj Yg\] me [ge*
hmlY\gj im] mkYmeY fa[Y elja[Y( k]f\g hj]bm\a[Y\gk ] []_Y\gk h]dY
aflmag+%>geg ]p]ehdg \] me [gehmlY\gj im] mkYmeY fa[Y elja*
[Y(Yhjghgjg \] Ylangkdima\gk]e j]dYgY\Zalgk l]e me j]kmdlY\g
e]d`gj \g im] g \Y eYagjaY\gk YfYdaklYk
\] [j\algk+&Kgj gmljg dY\g(
]pakl] meY dal]jYlmjYYZmf\Yfl] im] egkljY im] emalYkh]kkgYkhg\]e
_Yf`Yj \gk [gehmlY\gj]k _jYYk| aflmag+LmYd\Yk \mYk]kl} []jlY;
?]n] ]paklajYd_meja_gj [ge ]kh][aYdaklYk
\] n]j\Y\]+ AYYegkYkk]*
_mafl]k h]j_mflYk7ng[ hj]^]jajaY l]j meY ^mlmjY[ajmj_aY[]j]ZjYd j]Yda*
rY\Yhgj me bgjfYdaklY
\Y }j]Y \] [af[aYkgmhgj me f]mjg[ajmj_ag \a*
hdgeY\g; Kgj gmljg dY\g(ng[ hj]^]jajaYgmnajmeY hj]nakg ][gfea[Y
^]alYhgj Yd_me[ge hk*\gmlgjY\g ]e ^afYfYkhgj Yd_meYafklalmag
!hjg]eaf]fl]!(
[geg YR`Yjlgf N[`ggd( gm\] me bgjfYdaklY
im] ]k[j]*
n] kgZj] f]_[agk; @fimYflg Yj]khgklYhYjYYhjae]ajY im]klg ]eha*
ja[Ye]fl] ZnaY(Yj]khgklYhYjYYk]_mf\Y fg f]e me hgm[g ZnaY+
E}hg\]egk n]j Y\a^]j]fY ]flj] !kYZ]j[geg! ] !kYZ]jg im!+ Jk _j]_gk
^YraYemeY \aklafg ]flj] ZKINTK] KVOYZKSK(
< ]k[gdY]ehja[Y \] e]\a*
[afY \] H]fg\glg \] Ia[ge\aY ] C]jY[dal]k\] OYj]flme im]jaYim] gk
hjYla[Yfl]k h]jeYf][]kk]e
eYakhjpaegk \Y ZKINTK%gmk]bY(!l[fa[Y!&
] eYak\aklYfl]k \Y KVOYZKSK
%gmk]bY(![gf`][ae]flg!(
![af[aY!&+

g hka[dg_gEYe]k N`Yfl]Ym\]k]eh]f`gm

YlYj]^Y\] \]k[gZjaj imYak

\ak[ahdafYkhgkkm]e ]kh][aYdaklYk
] imYakfg hgkkm]e f]f`me+ JZk]jn]
Yimag hjgZd]eY \Y [gf^ajeYg7 k] \]k]bYhjgnYj im] fg ]pakl]e ]kh]*
[aYdaklYk(
]flg ng[ k]j} [YhYr\] ]f[gfljYj [SG hjg^akkg fY imYd]k*
h][aYdaklYk
fg l]f`Ye mlada\Y\]+@ng[ hg\] hjgnYj a_mYde]fl] g ghgk*
lg+ HYk `} meY j]_mdYja\Y\]7]pakl]e hjg^akk]k]e im] ]kh][aYdaklYk
\]k]eh]f`Ye
me hYh]d] gmljYk]e im] fg `} ]na\f[aYk \] `YZada\Y*
\]+ LmYakk] ]f[YapYe ]e [Y\Y[Yl]_gjaY;
4YVKIOGROYZGY
W[KZKTJKS GYKXKYVKIOGROYZGYYnYdaY\gj]k
\] _Y\g( Yklj*
fgegk( hadglgk\] hjgnY(YnYdaY\gj]k
\] kgdg(e]klj]k ]fpY\jaklYk(^ka[gk(
eYl]e}la[gk %imYf\g da\Ye [ge hjgZd]eYk eYl]e}la[gk( fg ]ehja*
[gk&([gflY\gj]k( afkh]lgj]k \] _jgk( afljhj]l]k \] ^glg_jY^aYk(
YfYdaklYk
\] k]_mjgk%da\Yf\g[ge ]klYlkla[Yk
[ge [mjnYkfY ^gjeY \] kafg&+
4YVKIOGROYZGY
W[K ZKTJKS G YKX((( TdU KYVKIOGROYZGY[gjj]lgj]k \] Y]k(
hka[dg_gk[dfa[gk(hkaimaYljYk(
g^a[aYak
\] Y\eakk]k mfan]jkal}jaYk(
bmr]k
\] \aj]alg( [gfk]d`]ajgk( k]d][agfY\gj]k \] h]kkgYd(YfYdaklYk
\] afl]da_f*
[aY%g`aklja[g \Y >D<(Yh]kYj\gk [mklgk( dYe]fl}n]d&+@mY[j]k[]flYjaY
gk k]_mafl]k j]kmdlY\gkYhYjlaj \] eaf`Y hjhjaY Yf}dak]\Y dal]jYlmjY7
][gfgeaklYk( hj]nakgj]k ^afYf[]ajgk( hjg^]kkgj]k \] ^afYfYk([a]flaklYk
hgdla[gk(!]kh][aYdaklYk
]e jak[gk!( Y]imah] \g =Yfc ^gj Dfl]jfYlagfYd
N]lld]e]flk( gm=DN(e]eZjgk ]eaf]fl]k \Y <kkg[aYgDfl]jfY[agfYd\]
@f_]f`]ajgk AafYf[]ajgk ] [gfk]d`]ajgk ^afYf[]ajgk h]kkgYak+
Naehd]ke]fl]( IUOYGY
W[K YKSU\KS ]( hgjlYflg( j]im]j]e [gf`][a*
e]flg fg [gklmeYe l]j ]kh][aYdaklYk(
]fimYflg [gakYkim] fg k] eg*
n]e hYj][]e l]j Yd_mfk]kh][aYdaklYk+
@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
hjg^akk]kim]
da\Ye [ge g ^mlmjg] ZYk]aYek]mk]klm\gk fg hYkkY\gfg*j]h]ln]d le
me hjgZd]eY [ge ]kh][aYdaklYk
%[ge Y]p[]g \Y hj]nakg \g l]ehg ]
\] f]_[agk im] ]fngdn]e hjg[]kkgk ^ka[gk\] [mjlg hjYrg( ] fg hjg[]k*
kgkkg[ag][gfea[gk&+Ig ]klgm \ar]f\g im] faf_me im] da\] [ge g
slmjg fg g^]j]Y f]f`meY af^gjeYg nYdagkY
%[geg \]klYim]a Yfl]*
fgje]fl](
gkbgjfYakhg\]e hj]n]j emalg Z]e g `gj}jag \] YZ]jlmjY\gk
l]Yljgk&(] kae im] Yim]d]kim] fg g^]j][]e imYdim]j nYdgjY\a[agfYd
lYf_n]d]klg( ]e _]jYd(da\Yf\g [ge g ^mlmjg+
JmljY ^gjeY \] k] n]j akkg h]j[]Z]f\g im] Yk[gakYkim] k] egn]e
[gklmeYe ]klYjkmb]alYk
Y>akf]k I]_jgk+ @kh][aYdaklYk
kg h]kkgYk]klj]a*
lYe]fl] [gf[]fljY\Yk im] hj][akYe !]fljYj ]e lf]ak!+ @e kalmY]k
]e

im] ]fljYj ]e lf]ak k]_mjg(hgjim] >akf]k I]_jgk fg kg [gfk]i]f*

[aYak(g ]kh][aYdaklY
aj} k] kYajZ]e+
MgZ]jl Ojan]jk( hka[dg_g ]ngdm[agf}jag ] `ge]e
\] afka_`lk kmh]j*
fgjeYak( l]e gmljYj]khgklY %]d]lgjfgm*k] me \gk h]fkY\gj]k ]ngdm[ag*
f}jagk eYak af^dm]fl]k \]k\] ?Yjoaf hgj e]ag \] a\aYkim] \]k]fngd*
n]m ]fimYflg l]flYnY ^Yr]j ^Y[md\Y\]\] \aj]alg&+@d]da_Y]kkYim]klg
| Ymlg*]f_YfYg+@e [Yehgk gf\] l]egk ljY\a]k Yf[]kljYak([geg Y
had`Y_]e( kgegk emalg Zgfk ]e hj]n]j j]kmdlY\gkYljYnk\Y YnYdaYg
\g ]imadZjag\] hg\]j+ CmeYfgk ] [`aehYfrk hg\]e k]flaj ae]\aY*
lYe]fl] imYddY\g g eYak ^gjl] ] ^Yr]j Yf}dak]k\] [mklg*Z]f]^[aghYjY
im] \][a\Ye k] \]n]e YlY[Yj] lgeYj hYjYkagk Z]fk ] Yk[gehYf`]ajYk
\g afaea_g+ LmYf\g [ge]Y YYlY[Yj(ng[ k] [gdg[Y]e me ]klY\g e]f*
lYd\]dmkjag im] ^Yr[ge im] a_fgj] af^gjeY]k Y\a[agfYak* e]d`gj
]nalYj af\][ak]k \mjYfl] YZYlYd`Y+
Kgj gmljg dY\g( \a^]j]fl]e]fl]
\]
YlYim]k(_m]jjYk]e dYj_Y]k[YdYfg kg Yd_ghj]k]fl] fY `]jYfY `meY*
fY * kg fgnYk hYjYfk *( \] ^gjeY im] l]f\]egk Y]klaeYj ]jjgf]Y*
e]fl] kmYk\mjY]k ] kmh]j]klaeYj fgkkg hg\]j j]dYlang+G]eZj] Ykm*
Z]klaeYg \Y \mjYg \Y _m]jjY\g GZYfg+
Jk im] dmlYjYefY Kjae]ajY
Bm]jjY Hmf\aYd h]fkYnYe im] ]dYk]jaYYh]fYkme hYkk]ag+J e]keg
g[gjj]m [ge g [gf^dalg \g Qa]lf ] g e]keg Y[gfl][] [ge Y_m]jjY fg
DjYim]] [ge hjYla[Ye]fl] lg\g [gf^dalg eg\]jfg+
Ig k] hg\] a_fgjYj YYmlg*admkg+
J hjgZd]eY [ge ]kh][aYdaklYk
im]
]d]k fg kYZ]e g im] fg kYZ]e+AYdlY
\] [gf`][ae]flg
] admkgimYf*
lg | imYda\Y\] \g [gf`][ae]flg
[gaf[a\]e * g e]keg hjg[]kkg im]
^Yr[ge im] ng[ kYaZY
e]fgk lYeZe g \]apY kYlak^]alg
[ge k]m[gf`]*
[ae]flg+
<_gjY( ]e n]r \Y ^YapY
\] ]pl]fkg \Yk hj]nak]k( aj]egk fgk hj]g*
[mhYj[ge Y]pYla\g \Yk hj]nak]k( gmk]bY(Y[YhY[a\Y\] \] k] hj]n]j g
fe]jg ]e ka+

OYeZe hg\]egk Yhj]f\]j kgZj] ]jjgk \] hj]nakg YhYjlaj\] Ylana\Y\]k

\] gh]jY\gj]k \] e]j[Y\g+ Ik( imYflk( l]egk \Y\gk YZmf\Yfl]k kgZj]
hj]nak]k ][gfea[Yk ] ^afYf[]ajYk* \] \Y\gk _]jYakkgZj] _jYf\]k nYja}*
n]ak][gfea[Yk |k hj]nak]k ] YnYdaY]k
\] e]j[Y\g \gk !]kh][aYdaklYk!
gm \Yk !Ymlgja\Y\]k! l]d]nakanYk+
< YZmf\~f[aY \] lYak\Y\gk ] Y [YhY*

[a\Y\] \] hjg[]kk}*dgk]e me [gehmlY\gj ^Yr]e [ge im] g l]eY k]bY

af]klae}n]d hYjYme ]ehajaklY+N] ^gkk]me bgjfYdaklY
gm(?]mk e] danj](
me `aklgjaY\gj( ]ml]jaYemalg eYak\a^a[md\Y\]]e l]klYj Y]^a[}[aYhj]\a*
lanY\]kkYk\ak[mkk]kn]jZYak+
Ig k] hg\] hjg[]kkYj [ge]fl}jagk n]jZYak
[ge me [gehmlY\gj * gm(h]dg e]fgk( fg lg ^Y[ade]fl]+ <de \g
eYak(emalgk ][gfgeaklYk [ge]l]e af_]fmYe]fl] g ]jjg \] hjg\mraj me
_jYf\] fe]jg \] hj]nak]k ]fngdn]f\g emalYknYja}n]ak(^gjf][]f\g*
fgk me ZYf[g \] \Y\gk \] ][gfgeaklYk ] nYja}n]ak(g im] fgk h]jeal] n]j
k] Yd_mfk][gfgeaklYk kg e]d`gj]k \g im] gmljgk %fg `} meY \a^]j]f*
Yj]kmdlYfl]&gmk] ]pakl]e []jlYk nYja}n]ak]e j]dYg|k imYakkg eYak
[geh]l]fl]k %af^]dare]fl]( f]f`meY im] k]bYka_fa^a[YlanY&+
@m]klan] ]e meY hgkag im] e] h]jealaY gZk]jnYj emalg hjgpaeY*
e]fl] fgkkY[YhY[a\Y\] \] hj]n]j+ LmYf\g ]jY gh]jY\gj \] e]j[Y\g ]e
l]ehg afl]_jYd(\mYkn]r]k hgj k]eYfY( |k 5`0-( e]m egfalgj Yhj]k]flY*
nYYd_mefe]jg ][gfea[g ]eala\g h]dg ?]hYjlYe]flg \] >gej[ag(
gm \g O]kgmjg(gm \] Jh]jY]k AafYf[]ajYk(gm\] Yd_meYgmljYafkla*
lmagadmklj]+Imf[Y lan] a\aY\g im] ]kk]k fe]jgk ka_fa^a[YnYef]e
fmf[Y k]fla imYdim]j f][]kka\Y\] \] afn]klaj ]f]j_aY hYjYl]flYj \]k[g*
Zjaj+<kkae( fg \YnYYefaeY hYjY]d]k(]p[]lg im] Ykh]kkgYk^a[YnYe
]p[alY\Yk] ^YdYnYe
ZYklYfl]kgZj] g im] Yim]d]knYdgj]kka_fa^a[YjaYe(
gha*
fYf\g kgZj] Ykhj]nak]k+sflj] ]kk]kfe]jgk ]klg g f\a[] \] Kj]gkYg
>gfkmea\gj %>KD(
fY ka_dY
]e af_dk&(Igf^Yje KYqjgddkd
%em\YfYkfg
fe]jg \] af\an\mgk ]ehj]_Y\gk&( g f\a[] \gk Kjaf[ahYakDf\a[Y\gj]k
@[gfea[gk(Q]f\Yk \] =]fk ?mj}n]ak %Yh]da\Y\g\] !JUGHRK
MOXRY!
h]dgk
gh]jY\gj]k \] e]j[Y\g&(/ g Kjg\mlg Dfl]jfg =jmlg %geYakaehgjlYfl] \]
lg\gk&] emalgk gmljgkim] _]jYe fn]ak\a^]j]fl]k \] ]p[alYg\]h]f\]f*
\g \Y hj]k]fY \]d]k fg \ak[mjkg+
Jk n]f\]\gj]k
\] \Y\gk h]jeal]e im] k] \ meY gd`Y\Y fYk hj]*
nak]k \gk !hjaf[ahYak ][gfgeaklYk!( h]kkgYk%\] l]jfg& im] ljYZYd`Ye
hYjYafklalma]kn]f]j}n]ak( [geg
K+Hgj_Yf >`Yk] gmHgj_Yf NlYf*
d]q+Qg[ hg\] gZk]jnYj]kk]k][gfgeaklYk ^YdYj]e(l]gjarYf\g ]dgi]fl]
] [gfnaf[]fl]e]fl]+
< eYagjaY\]d]k j][]Z] kYd}jagk[ge k]l] \_algk ]

sisanYd]fl] Ygaf\a[Y\gj ][gfea[g \Y lYpY\] \]k]ehj]_g

fg =jYkad(g Igf^Yje KYqjgddk
e\d[Y g lglYd\] ]ehj]_gk fgk @klY\gkPfa\gk( ]p[dmaf\g YY_ja[mdlmjY+
%I+JU A($
< ]phj]kkg ]e af_dk hYjY]kk] af\a[Y\gj !NYd]kg^?mjYZd] Bgg\k!+ J Ymlgj Zjaf[Y [ge
g sjg+[Y\ad`g !JUGHRK
MOXRY!&
im] Yd_g[geg !_YjglYk fYegj}n]ak!( ]e meY ljY\mg ]m^]*
edkld[Y+%I+JU A($

[gfka\]jY\Y Ykljg([ge ]imah]k \] h]kimakY\gj]k YfYdakYf\gfe]jgk

] hjgb]]k+HYk gk Ykljgkkg lgdgk+
g km^a[a]fl]hYjYhmZds[Yjgk fe]*
jgk im] hjgb]lYe hYjYim] Yhgkl]f\Y\] gZk]jn]*gk ] YnYdD]
k]m_jYm\]
[geh]lf[aY+
<af\Y hagj( emalYkafklalma]k^afYf[]ajYkhjg\mr]e daZj]lgkfg ^afYd
\] [Y\Y Yfg aflalmdY\gk!Kj]nakg hYjY/--S!( YnYdaYf\gg Yfg k]_mafl]+
y [dYjgim] fg [gf^]j]e g j]kmdlY\g\Yk hj]nak]k Yfl]jagj]k JKVUOY
\]
l]j]e ka\g ^gjemdY\Yk+
J hZda[ghg\] l]j ka\g Yaf\YeYaklgdg YgY[]alYj
lYakYj_me]flgk k]e ]pa_aj gk k]_mafl]k l]kl]k kaehd]k * Yh]kYj\] ^}*
[]ak(emalg hgm[gk \]d]k ^gjYe j]YdarY\gk+
Pe l]kl] ]ehja[g ]d]e]flYj
[gehYjYj ][gfgeaklYk ^Yegkgk [ge me eglgjaklY \] l}pa `ahglla[g
%]imanYd]fl]YHac`Yad(\g >Yhlmdg.&7[jaY*k]me Y_]fl] kaflla[g( Yd*
_me im] mkYg fe]jg eYak j][]fl] [geg g e]d`gj hj]nakgj hYjYg
k]_mafl]( ]fimYflg k] hj]kme] im] fg kYaZY
[gakYYd_meY+
@flg( lm\g
im] ng[ l]e \] ^Yr]j [gehYjYj gk f\a[]k \] ]jjg \gk ][gfgeaklYk ^a*
_mj]k[ge g \g Y_]fl] kaflla[g+J hjgZd]eY im]( imYf\g k] af^dm]f*
[aY\g hgj `akljaYk(k] ]kim][] \Y f][]kka\Y\] \] k] ^Yr]j lYakl]kl]k+

J hjgZd]eY [ge hj]nak]k me hgm[g eYak kmlad+

@d]n]e hjaf[ahYd*
e]fl] \g ^Ylg\] im] ]klYegk nan]f\g fg @plj]eaklg ] fg fg H]\ag*
[jaklg+Igkkgk hj]nakgj]k hg\]e k]j Zgfk ]e hj]n]j g gj\af}jag( eYk
fg g ajj]_mdYj]( fg ^afYd\Yk[gflYk( Yim] ^Yd`Ye+Om\g im] k] hj][akY
^Yr]j ]jjYj meY em\YfY fYk lYpYk\] bmjgk(\] 3 hgj []flg hYjY. hgj
[]flg ]e meY hjgb]g \] hjYrg eYakdgf_g %gim] Y[gfl][]m ]flj] /--] /--.&( hYjYim] lg\Yk Ykhj]nak]k hgkl]jagj]k hYkk]e Yk]j [gehd]lY*
e]fl] af]^a[Yr]kfY [gjj]g \] k]m`aklja[g \] \]k]eh]f`g
[memdY*
lang+J im] aehgjlY fg [ge im] ^j]if[aY ng[ ]kl} []jlg ] kae H
lYeYf`g \] k]mk]jjgk [memdYlangk+
@lYak]jjgk [memdYlangk\]h]f\]e
dYj_Ye]fl] \Yk _jYf\]k kmjhj]*
kYk(\Yk _jYf\]k ghgjlmfa\Y\]k+ Jk hj]nakgj]k ][gfea[gk( ^afYf[]ajgk ]
hgdla[gkfg k Yk\]apYe hYkkYj([geg le ZYklYfl]n]j_gf`Y \] \ar]j
imYdim]j[gakY]kljYf`Y Ygk[da]fl]k * ] Yaf\YYkkaeK\KTZUY&
TULOTGR
JGY
IUTZGY&
YdUW[GYKYKSVXKKYZXGTNUY(
<de \g eYak([geg n]j]egk fY hj*
paeY k]g( hj]nakgj]k ][gfea[gk l]f\]e Y^a[YjeYakhjpaegk ]flj] ka
\g im] \g j]kmdlY\g^afYd+
Iaf_me im]j k]j ]kimakalg+

>geg e]mk l]kl]k ^gjYe af^gjeYak([ge gZb]langk[ge]j[aYak ] \] ]f*

lj]l]fae]flg(
hYjYe]m hjhjag [gfkmeg ] fg ^gjeYlY\gk hYjYhmZda*
[Yg( mladarYj]a
gk j]kmdlY\gkeYak ^gjeYak \] gmljgk h]kimakY\gj]k im]
^ar]jYe g ljYZYd`gZjYYd
\] da\Yj[ge g l\ag \g hjg[]kkg ]\algjaYd+Aa[g
kmjhj]kg im] lg hgm[Yafljgkh][g l]f`Y ka\g Yhda[Y\Y
hYjY[gf^]jaj Y
mlada\Y\]\]kkYkhjg^akk]k+@pakl]e Yd_mfk* eYk fg emalgk * l]kl]k
^gjeYak ]e ljk \gefagk7 Yf}dak]\] llmdgk([af[aY hgdla[Y] ][gfgeaY+
N]e \na\Y( l]j]egk eYak ]e Yd_mfkYfgk+Jm lYdn]rfg * gk Ymlg*
j]k \]kk]k Yjla_gkhg\]e k]j ]kla_eYlarY\gk h]dgk [gd]_Yk+@flj] imYk] .
ead`g \] Yjla_gkhmZda[Y\gkkgZj] hgdla[Y(^afYfYk] ][gfgeaY( `gmn]
Yh]fYkme h]im]fg fe]jg \] n]ja^a[Y]k\Y imYda\Y\]nYla[afYfl] \]
lYd[gf`][ae]flg+

<d_mfkh]kimakY\gj]k ]pYeafYjYe g ljYZYd`g] YYlalm\]\] YfYdaklYk

\]
llmdgk(gZl]f\g j]kmdlY\gk]khYflgkgk( ]kh][aYde]fl] imYf\g k] [gfka*
\]jY YYjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y \gk gh]jY\gj]k+ @e me ]klm\g im] gk [ge*
hYjYYe]l]gjgdg_aklYk( OY\]mkr OqkrcY] Kaglj Ua]dgfcY\g[me]flYe
im] gk YfYdaklYk
kg hagj]k hj]nakgj]k( ]fimYflg eYfle meY ^ eYagj
fYk hjhjaYk `YZada\Y\]k+?] Yd_meY^gjeY( YYmlg*YnYdaYg
\gk YfYdak*
lYkfg j]\mram YeYj_]e \] ]jjg \]hgak \gk ^jY[Ykkgk
fYk hj]nak]k+
@e bmf`g hYkkY\g(dYe]fl]a YYmkf[aY\] lYak]klm\gk hmZda[Y\gkY
E]Yf*K`adahh]=gm[`Ym\( Yim]e ]klYnYnakalYf\g ]e KYjak+
@d] me `g*
e]e [ge b]alg\] e]fafg im] YhYj]flYl]j Ye]lY\] \Y eaf`Y a\Y\]( Yh]*
kYj\] k]j Yh]fYkme hgm[g eYakfgng \g im] ]m([gakYim] YljaZmge]ag
\] Zjaf[Y\]ajY v Z]d]rY\Y ^ka[Y+
IY n]j\Y\]( ]d] fg ]pYlYe]fl] me ^ka*
[g( eYk kae me \gk [a]flaklYkimYflalYlangkim] Yhda[Yeelg\gk \] ^ka[Y
]klYlkla[Y
YnYja}n]ak][gfea[Yk( jYeg afa[aY\g hgj =]fgal HYf\]dZjgl
fg ^afYd\Y \[Y\Y \] .62-+ @kkY
[gemfa\Y\] fg mkYeYl]e}la[Y \g H]*
\ag[jaklg( hgjlYflg hYj][] k] hj]g[mhYj [ge Yn]j\Y\]+ N]mke]eZjgk
]klg [gehd]lYe]fl]
Yd`]agkYg kakl]eY \] ^afYfYkhj]\geafYfl]
\Yk
]k[gdYk\] ][gfgeaY ] \] Y\eafakljYg( kgZj]nan]f\g ]e \]hYjlYe]f*
lgk \] ^ka[Y
] \] eYl]e}la[Y gm([ge emalY ^j]if[aY( ]e kg[a]\Y\]k
e]j[Yflak %gh]jY\gj]k \] e]j[Y\g jYjYe]fl] [gfljYlYe ][gfgeaklYk
hYjYmkghjhjag ] kae hYjY^gjf][]j]e `akljaYkYgk[da]fl]k e]fgk kg*
^akla[Y\gk&+
<d_mfk\]d]k lYeZe YlmYefY kg[agdg_aY(
kg^j]f\g Ye]keY

`sklada\Y\] hgj hYjl] \gk !fYlangk!+?a^]j]fl]e]fl]

\] ][gfgeaklYk im]
mkYel]jfgk ] l][]e l]gjaYk(]d]k mkYeelg\gk ]ehja[gk hYjYgZk]jnYj
gk \Y\gk ] fg mladarYeY[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg+
=gm[`Ym\ kmjhj]]f\]m*e] [ge me Yjla_g\] h]kimakYim] me ]klY*
_a}jag\] n]jg [gf[dmjYj][]fl]e]fl]
kgZkmYkmh]jnakg] im] Y[YZYjY
\] k]j Y[]alg hYjYhmZda[Yg+
@d]]pYeafYnYeafm[agkYe]fl] / ead hj]*
nak]k\] YfYdaklYk
\] llmdgk(\]egfkljYf\g
im] gk YfYdaklYk
\] [gjj]*
lgjYk fg hj]naYe TGJG' meY hj]nakg af_fmY ^]alYhgj Yd_me im]
mkYgk nYdgj]k\] me h]jg\g [geg hj]nakgj]k hYjYg hjpaeg fg k]
kYajaY
fglYn]de]fl] hagj+<af\Y Ykkae(gk YfYdaklYk
kg af^gjeY\gk kgZj]
Yk]f[ge]f\Yk \Yk ]ehj]kYk( [gfljYlgk naf\gmjgk ] \]kh]kYkhdYf]bY\Yk(
]flg ]kk] [gf`][ae]flg
YnYfY\gJK\KXOG
Ybm\}*Dgk
YgZl]j me j]kmdlY*
\g [gfka\]jYn]de]fl] e]d`gj \g im] me hj]nakgj af_fmg im] gZk]jnY
\Y\gk hYkkY\gkk]e af^gjeY]k Y\a[agfYak+
KagjYaf\Y(gk ]jjgk \gk hj]*
nakgj]k ]jYe ka_fa^a[YlanYe]fl]eYagj]k \g im] Y\a^]j]fY e\aY ]flj]
hj]nak]k af\ana\mYak(g im] af\a[Y Yjj]ZYf`Ye]flg+ IgjeYde]fl](
Ykhj]nak]k \]n]jaYe ]klYj lg \aklYfl]k ]flj] kaimYflg \g fe]jg hj]*
naklg+HYk hYjYim] [gehj]]f\Yegk
[geg [gfk]_m]e h]jeYf][]j fg
f]_[ag ] hgj im] fg kg^j]e \] [gdYhkgkf]jngkgk _jYn]k%[geg h]j\Y
\] h]kg( [gehgjlYe]flg
]jj}la[g gmYd[ggdakegY_m\g&(\]n]egk YfYda*
kYjg ljYZYd`g\g hka[dg_gK`adahO]ldg[c+

O]ldg[c ]klm\gm g ljYZYd`g\gk !]kh][aYdaklYk!hgdla[gk] ][gfea[gk+

@d]h]\am Yn}jagk ]kh][aYdaklYk
im] bmd_Ykk]eYhjgZYZada\Y\]\Y g[gj*
jf[aY \]fljg \] me daeal] \] l]ehg %[]j[Y\] [af[g Yfgk&\] meY kja]
\] ]n]flgk hgdla[gk(][gfea[gk ] eadalYj]k+Jk j]kmdlY\gkj]hj]k]flY*
nYe me fe]jg lglYd\] []j[Y \] /4 ead hj]nak]k( ]fngdn]f\g imYk]
lj]r]flgk ]kh][aYdaklYk+
>]j[Y \] me imYjlg \Y YegkljY_]e ]jY [gfkla*
lm\g hgj ][gfgeaklYk+ J ]klm\g j]n]dgm im] gk f\a[]k \] ]jjg \] ]kh]*
[aYdaklYk
]jYe [dYjYe]fl] emalYkn]r]k eYak Ydlgk\g im] laf`Ye ]klaeY*
\g+ J ]klm\g ]phkg hjgZd]eY \g ]kh][aYdaklY7
fg `YnaY\a^]j]fY fgk
j]kmdlY\gk]flj] Yd_me[ge hk*\gmlgjY\g ] Yd_me[ge me \ahdgeY
\] _jY\mYg+Kjg^]kkgj]k [ge hmZda[Y]k
Z]e*km[]\a\Yk fg laf`Ye
nYflY_]e Yd_meY]e j]dYg YbgjfYdaklYk+
< fa[Y j]_mdYja\Y\] ]f[gf*
ljY\Y hgj O]ldg[c ^gag ]^]alg f]_Ylang \Y j]hmlYg kgZj] Ykhj]nak]k7

Yim]d]kim] laf`Ye _jYf\]k j]hmlY]k]jYe hagj]k hj]nakgj]k \g im] gk

im] fg laf`Ye j]hmlYg Yd_meY+
HYk g ^g[g \] O]ldg[c fg ]jY lYflg \]egfkljYj Y[geh]lf[aY j]Yd
\gk ]kh][aYdaklYk
%Yh]kYj
\] g ]klm\g l]j ka\g ZYklYfl][gfnaf[]fl] f]kk]
j]kh]alg& imYflg afn]kla_Yjhgj im] gk ]kh][aYdaklYk
fg h]j[]ZaYe im]
fg ]jYe lg Zgfk Ykkae fg hjhjag ljYZYd`g* ]e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
[geg l][aYe kmYk`akljaYk+KYj][aY`Yn]j meY d_a[Yhgj lj}k \]kkY af*
[geh]lf[aY( hjaf[ahYde]fl] fY ^gjeY \] \]^]kY \] [j]fY gm\] hjgl]*
g \] Ymlg*]klaeY+
<kkae( O]ldg[c h]kimakgmYaf\YeYakgk e][Yfakegk
h]dgk imYakk]mkgZb]lgk\] ]klm\g _]jYnYe ]phda[Y]kK^VUYZU
?]apYj]a \] dY\g Y^gjeY h]dYimYdgk [gehjge]lae]flgk
a\]gd_a*
[gk \g af\an\mg af^dm]f[aYe Yh]j[]hg ] YZgj\Yj]a gk Ykh][lgk eYak
_]jYak\g hgflg []_g ]e j]dYg|k kmYkhjhjaYkhj]nak]k+
CUIg JO` VGXGYOVXiVXOUW[KKYZG\G
PUMGTJU
U[ZXUPUMU(
?a_Yegk im]
ng[ l]f`Y \]apY\g \] hj]n]j g ]f^jYim][ae]flg ] Yim]\Y YZjmhlY\Y
Pfag Ngnala[Y%gim] f]f`me [a]flaklY kg[aYdhj]nam&+q ^}[adYd]_Yj
im] ng[ laf`Y meY [gehj]]fkg ]p[]d]fl] \gk e][Yfakegk hgdla[gk\Y
Pfag Ngnala[Y(eYk im] Yim]d]kjmkkgk(k]f\g ]p[]kkanYe]fl] jmkkgk(
g[mdlYjYe`YZade]fl] ]d]e]flgk ][gfea[gk [jm[aYak+
N] ]kkYafl]da_f*
[aY][gfea[Y ]klan]kk] ]e k]mhg\]j( ng[ []jlYe]fl] l]jaY ka\g [YhYr
\] hj]n]j g ^ae \g j]_aes kgnala[g+Ig kg kmYk
`YZada\Y\]kim] \]n]e
k]j [mdhY\Yk+
J e]keg hg\]jaY k]j Yhda[}n]dYng[ k] lan]kk] hj]naklg+
meY naljaY]keY_Y\gjY \] <a Bgj] kgZj] B]gj_] R+ =mk`+Qg[ fg
laf`Y [gfk[af[aY \] im] Y][gfgeaY ]klYnY]e meY kalmYglg jmae8
fY n]j\Y\]( g ^YlghYj][] l]j ka\g ]k[gf\a\g \] lg\gk+ @a(ng[ fg ][g*
fgeaklY( ] g bg_g Y[YZgmk]f\g kgZj] ][gfgeaY+
CUIg OT\UIGUU[ZROKX(
<[gfl][]m Yd_gim] ]klYnY^gjY\g kakl]eY(^gjY
\g ]k[ghg \] kmY[af[aY+>geg g g[gjja\g ]jY aehj]nakn]d(ng[ fg
l]e [mdhY+
Agame >akf] I]_jg( ] ng[ fg \]n] hj]n]j >akf]k I]_jgk+
>akf]k I]_jgk( \ar IIO( kg ^mf\Ye]flYde]fl] aehj]nakn]ak %eYk]f*
lg aeY_afg im] IIO h]j_mflYjaY7!Kgj im] \]h]f\]j
\] hj]nak]k;!&+
OYak]n]flgk kg !]p_]fgk!( hgakne \] ^gjY\] kmY[af[aY+Jm lYdn]r
l]f`Y ka\g me ]n]flg \] hjgZYZada\Y\]emalg( eYk emalg ZYapY(meY
afmf\Yg im] Y[gfl][] meY n]r Y[Y\Y ead Yfgk( ] lan]egk g YrYj\]
k]jegk ]phgklgk Y]d]+HYk(fY hjpaeY n]r( ]d] fg g[gjj]j}+ J ^g[g fY
]klj]al]rY \g bg_g ] Yda_Yg\g \]k]eh]f`g
\] Yd_meYme jgl]ajg ]k*
h][^a[g YeYf]ajY h]dYimYdgk f]j\k ]phda[Ye gk ^jY[Ykkgk
\] elg\gk

$eYl]e}la[gk fY kg[a]\Y\]+ J eg\]dg ]klYnY[]jlg( ^mf[agfYnYZ]e( eYk

g bg_g Y[YZgmk]f\g \a^]j]fl] \g im] k] ]kh]jYnY+
0 JKLKYGJU !W[GYKIKXZU!(M]ljgkh][lanYe]fl]( [ge g Z]f]^[ag \]
meY j]nakg \] nYdgj]k] \] meY ]kljmlmjYaf^gjeY[agfYd( ^}[adk]flaj
im] k] [`]_gm h]jlg+ O]ldg[c ]k[j]n]7 !JZk]jnY\gj]k \Y Yfla_YPfag Ng*
nala[Yim]( ]e .655( h]fkYnYe im] g KYjla\g >gemfaklY fg hg\]jaY
k]j Y^YklY\g\g hg\]j ]e .660 gm .665( ]klYnYe ]kh][aYde]fl] af[dafY*
\gk YY[j]\alYj im] e]eZjgk daf`Y*\mjY\g Fj]edaf imYk]\]jjmZYjYe
BgjZY[`]n fY l]flYlanY\] _gdh] \] .66.( ] im] l]jaYe gZla\g km[]kkgk]
gk [gfkhajY\gj]k ]klan]kk]e eYak \]l]jeafY\gk ] e]fgk af]ZjaY\gk( gm
k] g^a[aYak
eadalYj]k^mf\Ye]flYak lan]kk]e gZ]\][a\g |k gj\]fk \] eYlYj
[anakim] \]kY^aYkk]eYd]aeYj[aYd(gm k] T]dlkaf fg lan]kk] Y_a\g [ge
lYflYZjYnmjY+!
<_gjY YZgj\Yj]a ^Yd`YkeYak _]jYakj]n]dY\Ykhgj ]kk] ]p]ehdg+ Jk
!]kh][aYdaklYk!]klYnYe \]k]imadaZjY\gk7fYk g[Yka]k]e im] ]klan]jYe
[]jlgk( YljaZmjYeg km[]kkg| hjhjaY hjg^mf\a\Y\] \] [gehj]]fkg
]
]kh][aYdarYg8
imYf\g ]jjY\gk( gm YkalmYg]jY Y[mdhY\Y(b} im] ]jY
af[geme( gm(hagj( fg j][gf`][aYe im] ]klYnYe ]jjY\gk ] l][aYe `ak*
ljaYk]e lgjfg \akkg+<[`YnYe \a^[adY[]alYjim] kmY[gehj]]fkg ^gkk]
me hgm[g daealY\Y+HYk ]kk] YljaZmlg mfan]jkYd(Yhda[Yf\g*k]Ylg\Yk
YkfgkkYkYlana\Y\]k7]pakl] Yd_g]e fk hjgb]lY\g hYjYhjgl]_]j fgkkY
Ymlg*]klaeY+
Ik( `meYfgk( kgegk nlaeYk \] meY Ykkae]ljaY fY h]j[]hg \]
]n]flgk Yd]Yljagk+<ljaZmegk fgkkgk km[]kkgkY fgkkYk `YZada\Y\]k
] fgkkgk ^jY[YkkgkY ]n]flgk ]pl]jfgk ^gjY\] fgkkg [gfljgd]( gm k]bY(|
Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+N]flaeg*fgk j]khgfk}n]ak h]dYk[gakYkZgYk(eYk fg h]dYk
jmafk+Dkkg^Yr[ge im] h]fk]egk im] kgegk e]d`gj]k im] gk gmljgk fg
im] im]j im] ^YYegkhYjY_Yf`Yj Yna\Y+Ign]flY ] imYljg hgj []flg
\gk km][gkY[j]\alYe im] kmYk`YZada\Y\]k[geg eglgjaklYk gk [gdg[Ye
]flj] gk 2- hgj []flg \] e]d`gj]k eglgjaklYk851 hgj []flg \gk ^jYf[]k]k
k]fl]e im] kmYk`YZada\Y\]kYg^Yr]j Yegj gk [gdg[Ye fY e]lY\] kmh]*
jagj \] YeYfl]k ^jYf[]k]k+
J gmljg ]^]alg \]kkY Ykkae]ljaY im] fgk k]flaegk me hgm[g fa[gk(
\a^]j]fl]k \gk gmljgk(]e im]e fg h]j[]Z]egk lYdYkkae]ljaY+E}e]f*
[agf]a Yk]ph][lYlanYkfY\Y j]YdaklYk
Y[]j[Y \g ^mlmjghgj hYjl] \] h]kkgYk
im] ]klg fg hjg[]kkg \] YlYjdYgkeYljaegfaYak+ >gfka\]j] lYeZe
g fe]jg \] ^YedaYk
im] k] [gf[]fljYe fg ^mlmjg(hj]f\]f\g*k]
]e

aen]ak \a^[]ak +]j]n]f\]j( h]fkYf\g im] nan]jg Ydah]jeYf]fl]e]f*

l]( k]e h]j[]Z]j im] g `aklja[g _]jYdhYjY$meYna\Yk]\]fl}jaY l]jjn]d+
N]j} im] fg n]e [gjj]lgj]k \] aen]ak Z]e n]kla\gk \aja_af\g hgj Y
]e [Yjjgk ^afgk Yd]e]k $\] \mYkhgjlYk; Ngegk emalg feY\]k( emalg
eYak \g im] hdYf]bYegk(] \] ^gjeY aeh]lmgkY+>gfka\]j] imYflYkh]k*
kgYkim] h]j\]jYe g ]ehj]_g YZjmhlYe]fl] Y[j]\alYnYe im] akkg^gkk]
hgkkn]d(e]keg hgm[gk \aYkYfl]k+Jm [gfka\]j] imYflgk na[aY\gk]e
\jg_Yk ]fljYjYe fY Zjaf[Y\]ajY \]k]bYf\g h]jeYf][]j f]dYlYflg l]ehg
Ykkae+
@pakl]gmljYdagim] k] hg\] Yhj]f\]j YhYjlaj \g ]ph]jae]flg \]
O]ldg[c+@d]\]k[gZjam g im] e]f[agf]a Yfl]jagje]fl]( im] emalYk]klj]*
dYkmfan]jkal}jaYk(
gm![gdYZgjY\gj]k \Ykhjaf[ahYakhmZda[Y]k!(
fg kg
f]e me hgm[g e]d`gj]k \g im] g d]algj gm \g im] g bgjfYdaklYe\ag
\g ANK<K] EUXQAOSKYfY \]l][g \] em\YfYk fg emf\g Yg j]\gj
\]d]k+Jk ]kh][aYdaklYk
g[YkagfYde]fl] ]kh][aYdarY
\gk \]eYak ^jY[YkkYjYe
]e l]kl]k \]fljg \Yk hjhjaYk ]kh][aYda\Y\]k+
J VUXIU'KYVOTNU
KGXGVUYG(
O]ldg[c ^YrmeY \aklafg ]flj] \gak lahgk
\] hj]nakgj]k( g hgj[g*]khaf`g ] YjYhgkY(k]_mf\g meY \aklafg \]k]f*
ngdna\Yh]dg ]fkYklYDkYaY`
=]jdaf+ >geg fY ^}ZmdY
\] @kghg(g hgj[g*
]khaf`g kYZ]meY [gakY] YjYhgkYkYZ]emalYk[gakYk* ]kk]kkg gklahgk
Y\Yhl}n]ak\] im] ng[ hj]akYfY na\Y [gla\aYfY+=gYhYjl] \gk ^jY[Ykkgk
]e hj]nak]k n]e \] hgj[gk*]khaf`gk im] ]klg [YkY\gke]flYde]fl]
[ge g ]n]flg \] me fa[g ] _jYf\] >akf] I]_jg( meY YhgklYYdlY
im] \a*
^a[ade]fl] k]j} _Yf`Y+J hgj[g*]khaf`g Yd_meim] k] [gf[]fljY ]e me
fa[g ]n]flg aehjgn}n]d ] [gfk]i]f[aYd( k]f\g nlaeY\Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYla*
nYim] ^Yr[ge im] k]bYegk[]_Y\gk \] lYd^gjeY hgj me fa[g j]kmdlY\g
im] fg [gfka_Yegk aeY_afYj gmljgk+
Kgj[gk*]khaf`gk( hgj [YmkY\Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY(kg eYak ^}[]ak\] k]
]fl]f\]j * kmYk
a\aYk^mf[agfYe ]hd h]im]fgk h]\Ygk \] af^gjeYg+
@kkY[Yl]_gjaY j]hj]k]flY\Y ]pY_]jY\Ye]fl] ]flj] h]kkgYk^YegkYk8
hgjlYflg( h]kkgYk^YegkYkkg( ]e e\aY( hagj]k ]e ^Yr]j hj]nak]k \g
im] g j]klg \gk hj]nakgj]k+
@nal]aYaehj]fkY hgj emalg l]ehg hgjim] k]ehj] im] bgjfYdaklYk
gm*
n]e eaf`Y `akljaY\g >akf] I]_jg h]\]e*e]
im] d`]k Yhj]k]fl] meY
daklY
\] ]n]flgk aehY[lYfl]k ^mlmjgk+
@d]kim]j]e im] ]mk]bYVXKJOZO\U
]e
j]dYg YlYak>akf]k I]_jgk+ @kljYf`Ye]fl]( e]m danjg5UURKJH_ ?GT'
JUSTKYY&
hmZda[Y\gmeY k]eYfY Yfl]k \g "" \] N]l]eZjg \] /--.( [gfla*

f`Y meY \ak[mkkgkgZj] YhgkkaZada\Y\]\] me Ynag[gda\a ![ge g hj\ag

gf\] ^a[YnY
e]m ]k[jaljag+<kkae( fYlmjYde]fl]( h]\ajYe*e] im] egk*
ljYkk]![geg hj]na g ]n]flg!+ @mfg g hj]na * ^gagZjY\g Y[Ykg+
Ig
]klgm ^Yr]f\g g hYh]d\] gj}[mdg M][]fl]e]fl](
Yl j][]Za me ]*eYad
h]\af\g*e]
im] daklYk
k] gk \]r hjpaegk >akf]k I]_jgk+ < eYagjaYfg
[gehj]]f\]
e]m hgflg kgZj] g ]jjg \Y ]kh][a^a[a\Y\]( Y^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY
] Ya\aY\] hj]nakg+ >gflj}jag Yg im] Ykh]kkgYkhgkkYe ]kh]jYj( fg
]klgm j][ge]f\Yf\g
Yfaf_me im] k] lgjf] me hgj[g*]khaf`g * ]e
n]r \akkg(k]bYmeY jYhgkY[ge Ye]fl] YZ]jlY+N]aim] Y`akljaYk]j} \g*
eafY\Y hgj me ]n]flg aehjgn}n]d( k fg k]ag im] k]j} ]kk] ]n]flg+

Ig ]f[gflj]a f]f`me ]klm\g ^gjeYd \]lYd`Y\g fgk egd\]k \] O]ldg[c

]e hmZda[Y]k
\Y }j]Y \] ][gfgeaY+ HYk(\] eg\g kmkh]alg(fg ]f[gf*
lj]a Yjla_gYd_meYdYj\]Yf\g Y[YhY[a\Y\] \gk ][gfgeaklYk \] hjg\mra*
j]e hjgb]]k [gf^a}n]ak+KgjlYflg( j]nak]a lg\gk gk Yjla_gk] j]dYljagk
l[fa[gk kgZj] ][gfgeaY im] hm\] ]f[gfljYj+ >gd]lanYe]fl]( ]d]k fg
Yhj]k]flYe imYdim]j hjgnY [gfnaf[]fl] \] im] gk ][gfgeaklYk( [geg
meY [gemfa\Y\]( hgkkmYeY[YhY[a\Y\] \] hj]n]j( ] [Ykgl]f`Ye Yd_m*
eY [YhY[a\Y\]( kmYk
hj]nak]k kg( fY e]d`gj \Yk `ahl]k]k( Yh]fYkRK\K'
SKTZKe]d`gj]k \g im] hj]nak]k Yd]YljaYk
* fg kg km^a[a]fl]e]fl]
ZgYkhYjYYbm\Yj]e \][ak]k kjaYk+
J l]kl] eYak afl]j]kkYfl] \g \]k]eh]f`g
\] elg\gk Y[Y\ea[gk fg
emf\g j]Yd^ga^]alghgj NhqjgkHYcja\Ycak(im] hYkkgmhYjl] \] kmY[Yj*
j]ajYgj_YfarYf\g [geh]la]k ]flj] hj]nakgj]k im] hjYla[Ye me !elg*
\g [a]fl^a[g! [`YeY\g ][gfge]ljaY * YZgj\Y_]e im] [geZafY l]gjaY
][gfea[Y [ge e]\a]k ]klYlkla[Yk+
Naehd]ke]fl]( ]d] ^]r [ge im] Yk
h]kkgYk^ar]kk]e hj]nak]k TG \OJG XKGR
] \]hgak bmd_gmY ]pYla\g \Yk
hj]nak]k+Dkkgd]ngm | kja] \] !H*>geh]la]k! gj_YfarY\Ykhgj ]d](
[ge Ykkaklf\Y\] Ha[`]d] CaZgf( \Yk imYakYH0 ^gaYl]j[]ajY ] eYak
j][]fl]( l]f\g ka\g [gf[dm\Y ]e .666+ HYcja\Ycak] CaZgf [`]_YjYe |
ljakl] [gf[dmkg \] im] !elg\gk ]klYlakla[Ye]fl] kg^akla[Y\gkgm [ge*
hd]pgk fg f][]kkYjaYe]fl] g^]j][]e hj]nak]k eYak ]pYlYk\g im] e*
lg\gk eYak kaehd]k!+
Oan] meY ]ph]jaf[aY a\fla[Y ]e e]mk \aYk\] imYfl * g [a]flaklY
]kljYf_]ajg [ge g kglYim] _mlmjYd
hYkkYf\g Ykfgal]k ]e me [gehmlY*

\gj j]YdarYf\g gh]jY]k eYl]e}la[Yk [gehda[Y\Yk jYjYe]fl] l]e me

\]k]eh]f`g
e]d`gj \g im] g eglgjaklY \] l}pa im] mkYgk elg\gk eYak
kaehd]k im] ]klan]j]e Yg k]m Yd[Yf[]+ J hjgZd]eY im] fgk [gf[]fljY*
egk fY g[Ykag jYjY ]e im] ]kk]k elg\gk
^mf[agfYe ] imYk] fmf[Y
fgk ^jY[Ykkgk(emalg eYak fme]jgkgk+ @maehdgjYnY [gflafmYe]fl]
hYjY
im] e] \]kk]e gmna\gk7 !@a(kgm me [YjY \]k[gehda[Y\g
] gZb]lang \]
<eagmf( GZYfg(] l]f`g \a^a[md\Y\]k ]e ]fl]f\]j
hgj im] Yd_g [gfka*
\]jY\g nYdagkgk] ]pa_] im] [gehmlY\gj]k k]bYe mkY\gkYfgal] lg\Y( eYk
fg e] h]jeal] hj]n]j e]d`gj \g im] imYdim]j gmljg [YjY \] <eagmf+!
<k fa[Yk j]Y]k im] laf`Y \gk [gd]_Yk ]klYnYe j]dY[agfY\Yk v _]g_jY^aY
] | `akljaY \] <eagmf( ] fg YmeY ]phda[Yg gZb]lanY\g ljYZYd`g im]
j]YdarYnYe+<ima( fgnYe]fl](
h]j[]Z]*k] Y ^Yd}[aYfYjjYlanY ]e ^mf[ag*
fYe]flg( ]p[]lg im]( ]e n]r \] `akljaYk bgjfYdkla[Yk(l]e*k] YkalmYg
eYak \jYe}la[Y \] ![a]flaklYk! [ge kglYim] jmkkg gd`Yf\g fg ]kh]d`g
j]ljgnakgj( fYjjYf\g [ge ]imY]k ] k] j][mkYf\g Y gd`Yj hYjY Y^j]fl]
hgjim] hg\]e
^a[Yj lgflgk \]eYak+ J ][gfge]ljaklY
MgZ]jl @f_]d( im]
^gjY akkg me [YnYd`]ajg emalg Y_jY\}n]d( afn]flgm me elg\g
]klY*
lkla[g emalg [gehda[Y\g [`YeY\g BYj[` ] j][]Z]m me Kjeag IgZ]d
hgj akkg+Iaf_me l]klgm g elg\g
hYjY n]j k] laf`Y imYdim]j nYda\Y\]
fY na\Y j]Yd+Hlg\gk eYak kaehd]k ] e]fgk YljY]fl]k gZle j]kmdlY\gk
emalkkaeg e]d`gj]k( e88lkfg d]nYe ng[ Y@klg[gdeg+ @pakl]me hjg*
Zd]eY \] ]kh][aYdaklYk]e @klg[gdeg( ] aj]a \ak[mla *.- fg >Yhlmdg.4+
@kkYafY\]imYg \] elg\gk [gehda[Y\gk hYj][] k]j Yhda[}n]dYlg*
\gk gk elg\gk+ Jmljg ]klm\g l]klgm ]^]lanYe]fl] hjYla[Yfl]k \] Yd_g
[`YeY\g \] l]gjaY \gk bg_gk( \gk imYakg eYak fgljag Eg`f IYk`( g
eYl]e}la[g
]kimarg^jfa[g lgjfY\g ^Yegkg h]dg ^ade] BSG ;KTZK 1XO'
RNGTZK(
Df^]dare]fl]( Yh]kYj \] lg\g g Yh]dg afl]d][lmYd \]kk]k elg\gk ]
\] lg\Y YYl]fg \Y e\aY( k]mkhjYla[Yfl]k fg kg e]d`gj]k hj]nakgj]k
\g im] ]klm\Yfl]k mfan]jkal}jagk+
@pakl]gmljg hjgZd]eY im] me hgm[g eYak hj]g[mhYfl]+ HYcja\Ycak
] CaZgf ]klYnYe hYjY \]k[gZjaj im] Y ^gjl] ]na\f[aY ]ehja[Y \] k]mk
]klm\gk `YnaYka\g a_fgjY\Y hgj ]klYlkla[gk l]ja[gk+ <de \g eYak( \]*
hYjYjYe [ge meY `gklada\Y\] [`g[Yfl] ]e j]dYg Y kmYkn]ja^a[Y]k
]ehja[Yk+ !<g [gflj}jag(
Vgk ]klYlkla[gkW[gf[]fljYjYe
]k^gjgk fY
[gfkljmg \] eg\]dgk eYak kg^akla[Y\gk k]e [gfka\]jYj Y [YhY[a\Y\]
\]kk]k eg\]dgk \] hj]n]j [ge eYak ]^a[}[aY \Y\gk \Y na\Y j]Yd!( ]k[j]n]*
jYe HYcja\Ycak ] CaZgf+

<d_me hg\] j]ZYl]j akkg[ge g k]_mafl] Yj_me]flg7 lYdn]r Ykhj]na*

k]k \] ][gfgeaklYk [ja]e meY j]ljgYdae]flYg im] [Yf[]d] k]mk]^]algk
%akkg [`YeY\g \] [jla[Y \] Gm[Yk(hgj [YmkY\g ][gfgeaklY MgZ]jl
Gm[Yk&+
?a_Yegk im] gk ][gfgeaklYk hj]n]bYe af^dYg8]e j]khgklY Y
]kkYk]ph][lYlanYk( g =Yf[g >]fljYd Y_] ] j]\mr Yaf^dYg+KgjlYflg( fg
k] hg\] bmd_YjY ]^a[}[aY \] hj]nak]k fY ][gfgeaY \Y e]keY ^gjeY im]
]e j]dYg Ygmljgk ]n]flgk+ >gf[gj\g
[ge ]kk] hgflg( eYk fg Y[j]\alg
im] k]bYY[YmkY\g ^jY[Ykkg\Yk hj]nak]k \gk ][gfgeaklYk+ J emf\g
[gehda[Y\g \]eYak hYjY Y\ak[ahdafY \]d]k+
LmYf\g me ][gfgeaklY ^Yd`YfY hj]nakg \] YfgjeYda\Y\]k( [gklm*
eY afng[Yj Y im]klg \] l]jj]eglgk
gm j]ngdm]k( Yd]_Yf\g im] fg
]fl]f\]
\] _]g\kaY( [af[aYk Ylegk^ja[Yk gm [af[aY hgdla[Y(]e n]r \]
af[gjhgjYj ]kk]k [Yehgk Ygk ]klm\gk ] Y[]alYj im] k]m [Yehg fg ]pakl]
akgdY\Ye]fl]+ < ][gfgeaY g eYak afkmdYj\gk [Yehgk * g im] e]fgk
[alY ^gfl]k ]pl]jfYk < ][gfgeaY lYdn]r k]bYg Ykkmflg im] YlmYde]fl]
hgkkma g eYagj fe]jg
\] Y[Y\ea[gk ^adakl]mk* Y[Y\]ea[akeg
k]e
]jm\ag ] k]e [mjagka\Y\] fYlmjYdhg\] ^][`Yj Y e]fl]
] d]nYj v ^jY_*
e]flYg \Yk \ak[ahdafYk+

PkYegk Y`akljaY \Y Nq\f]q Jh]jY Cgmk] [geg me ljYehgdae hYjY Y

\ak[mkkg kgZj] hj]nak]k+ <_gjY YZgj\Yj]egk gmljY [gfklYfl] fY fYlm*
j]rY `meYfY7 me ]jjg kakl]e}la[g ^]alg hgj hjgb]laklYk( _]jY\g hgj meY
[geZafYg \Y fYlmj]rY `meYfY( \Y [gehd]pa\Y\]
\g emf\g gm \Y ]k*
ljmlmjY \Yk gj_YfarY]k+ KYjYkgZj]nan]j( Ykafklalma]k hg\]e hj][akYj
ljYfkealaj YkahjhjaYk ] Ygkgmljgk YYhYjf[aY \] l]j]e mjfY !nakg!+
KdYfgk^jY[YkkYehgj [YmkY\g im] [`YeYegk \] !]fljYj ]e lf]ak!(
Yf]_da_f[aY \] ^gfl]k \] af[]jl]rY Yd`]aYkYg hjhjag hdYfg+
J []f}jag lha[g g k]_mafl]7 Eg]( me ]k[jalgj \] fg*^a[g( YkkafY
me [gfljYlg [ge \YlY ^afYd\] ]flj]_Y hYjY \Yima Y\gak Yfgk+ J lha[g
j]dYlanYe]fl] ^}[ad7YZag_jY^aYYmlgjarY\Y \g ]k[jalgj NYdeYf Mmk`\a](
hYjYYimYdEg] [gehadgm emalgk \Y\gk+ @d]Yl dg[YdargmYfla_YkfYegjY*
\Yk \] Mmk`\a] ] ]kl} ]p[alY\g [ge g hjgkh][lg \] ]flj]naklYk Y_jY\}n]ak+
>]j[Y \] ljk e]k]k Yfl]k \g hjYrg ]d] l]d]^gfY hYjY ]phda[Yj Yg ]\algj
im] ]klYj} [S VU[IU YljYkY\g+J ]\algj b} ]kh]jYnY hgj akkg8]kl} Y[gklm*
eY\g [ge g YljYkg\gk ]k[jalgj]k+ < ]\algjY Y_gjY]kl} nY[adYf\g hgjim]

g Ykkmflg\]kYhYj][]m OTKYVKXGJGSKTZK
\Y Yl]fg hZda[Y* Y ^ajeY
hjgb]lgm im] g afl]j]kk] ]e Mmk`\a] h]jeYf][]jaY Ydlg(eYk YYl]fg
\akkahgm*k](YhYj]fl]e]fl] hgjim] gk ajYfaYfgk(hgj Yd_meeglang( h]j*
\]jYe afl]j]kk] ]e eYl}*Dg+
JZk]jn]egk Y^gfl] \Y kmZ]klaeYg\g ]k[jalgj \g l]ehg hYjYY[gf*
[dmkg+@d]hjgb]lgm YhjhjaY Y_]f\Y( eYk ]fljgm ]e me lf]d( hgj fg
l]j hj]naklg im] Yd_mfk]n]flgk !]pl]jfgk! kmj_ajaYehYjYYljYk}*Dg+
@f*
lj] gk ]n]flgk ]pl]jfgk ]klYnYe gk \]kYklj]k \] .. \] N]l]eZjg \] /--.(
im] g YljYkYjYe]e n}jagke]k]k( naY_]fkYHaff]kglY hYjYYbm\YjYe]
\g]fl] %im]Y[YZgmk] j][mh]jYf\g& ] emalgk gmljgk( [geg g jgeha*
e]flg \] me fganY\g %Yh]kYj
\] fg l]j ka\g [ge Y ]p*fYegjY\Y \]
Mmk`\a]&+!AgjY akkg!(lm\g [gjj]m [geg hdYf]bY\g8g hjhjag ljYZYd`g
fg k] \]knagm f]e me hgm[g \Y Y_]f\Y+@d]fg k] k]fl] j]khgfk}n]d
h]dg hjhjag ^jY[Ykkg+$
J OTKYVKXGJU
ZKS [S KLKOZU
[TORGZKXGR
YUHXK
VXUPKZUY(
>gfka\]j] g `akl*
ja[g \] [gfkljmlgj]k( ]k[jalgj]k \] ljYZYd`gkY[Y\ea[gk ] ]ehj]al]ajYk+
J af]kh]jY\g imYk]k]ehj] ]ehmjjY g ljYZYd`g]e meY fa[Y \aj]g7
[mklgkeYakYdlgk] eYakl]ehg YlY[gf[dmkg+@e g[Yka]kemalg jYjYk(
[geg [ge g @ehaj] NlYl]=mad\af_(Y[gfl][] g [gflj}jag7 e]fgk l]ehg
hYjYY[gf[dmkg ] [mklgke]fgj]k * ]kkYkg[Yka]kkg j]Yde]fl] ]p[]h*
[agfYak+
Kg\]egk ^Yr]j]ph]jae]flgk ] l]klYj YhgkkaZada\Y\]\] j]h]lag hYjY
n]ja^a[Yjk] lYak]jjgk \] hjgb]g kg hYjl] \Y fYlmj]rY `meYfY+ K]k*
imakY\gj]k l]klYjYe [geg ]klm\Yfl]k ]klaeYe g l]ehg f][]kk}jag hYjY
[gf[dmaj k]mkhjgb]lgk+@e me l]kl] j]hj]k]flYlang( \ana\ajYe me _jmhg
]e \mYknYja]\Y\]k7 glaeaklY ] h]kkaeaklY+@klm\Yfl]kglaeaklYkhjge]*
l]jYe /3 \aYk8gk h]kkaeaklYk(14 \aYk+J l]ehg e\ag j]Yd\] [gf[dmkg
Y[YZgmk]f\g \] 23 \aYk+
J ]p]ehdg \] Eg]( g ]kjalgj( fg _jYn]+N]d][agf]a*g hgjim] ]d]
[ma\Y\] meY lYj]^Yj]h]ln]d ] jglaf]ajY * hYjYlYaklYj]^Yk(fgkkgk ]jjgk
\] hdYf]bYe]flg kg eYakZjYf\gk+>ge hjgb]lgk emalg af[gemfk( [geg
meY afnYkgeadalYj(meY _m]jjY]e _jYf\] ]k[YdYgmYd_gafl]ajYe]fl]
fgng( gk ]jjgk emdlahda[Ye*k]+IY n]j\Y\]( imYflg eYak jglaf]ajY ^gj Y
lYj]^Y(e]d`gj k] Yhj]f\] Y^Yr]j hj]nak]k+HYk k]ehj] `} Yd_gfg*jg*
laf]ajg fg YeZa]fl] eg\]jfg+

Kg\] `Yn]j af[]flangk hYjYh]kkgYkim] hjge]l]e

hjYrgk \] [gf[dm*
kg eYak[mjlgk * hYjYgZl]j g [gfljYlg \g danjggmhYjYim] g [gfkljmlgj
j][]ZY g Y\aYflYe]flg ] hgkkYmk}*Dg
fY naY_]e im] ^Yj}hYjY<fla_mY+
HYk g hjgZd]eY \] hdYf]bYe]flg ]pakl] e]keg gf\] fg `} af[]flang
hYjYkmZ]klaeYjY\mjYg %gmgk [mklgk&\Y lYj]^Y+>geg \akk] Yfl]jagj*
e]fl]( kgegk meY ]kh[a] [mbYnakg ]klj]alY\]eYak hYjYim] [gfka\]*
j]egk YhgkkaZada\Y\]\] ]n]flgk \an]j_aj]e \] fgkkYkhjgb]]k e]flYak(
eYk( Yde \akkg(kgegk ^g[Y\gk \]eYak ]e im]kl]k af]j]fl]k Yghjgb]lg
hYjYim] d]n]egk ]e [gfka\]jYg Yaf[]jl]rY ]pl]jfY( g !\]k[gf`][a\g
\]k[gf`][a\g!( hgj Ykkae\ar]j * g [gfl]\g \gk danjgkfg*da\gk+
OYeZe `} g ]^]alg f]j\( im] ZjglY\Y ]daeafYg e]flYd \] lg\gk gk
jak[gkYd`]agkYgeg\]dg( gm\] k] LUIGRO`GX
fg im] [gf`][a\g+ Qg[ n
g emf\g \] JKTZXU\] me eg\]dg+ >gfka\]j] im] YeYagjaY\gk YljYkgk
] ]klgmjgk \] gjYe]flg kg ^jmlgk\] ]d]e]flgk af]kh]jY\gk im] fg
]fljYjYe fg hdYf]bYe]flg * gm k]bY(]klg ^gjY\g eg\]dg \akhgfn]d
*( [geg _j]n]k( ^YdlYk
\] ]f]j_aY( Y[a\]fl]k( eYm l]ehg gmjmegj]k \]
afnYk]keYj[aYfYk+Jk h]im]fgk >akf]k I]_jgk im] Ye]YYe \a^a[mdlYj
fgkkgk hjgb]lgk fg hYj][]e l]j ka\g d]nY\gk ]e [gfka\]jYg+ @d]kkg
YZkljYlgk\]eYak * fg kYZ]egk im] YhYjf[aYle ] fg hg\]egk ^YdYj
afl]da_]fl]e]fl] kgZj] ]d]k+
Ig hg\]egk hdYf]bYj\] n]j\Y\] hgjim] fg [gehj]]f\]egk
g ^m*
lmjg * eYk akkgfg f][]kkYjaYe]fl] meY fgl[aYjmae+ Kg\]jYegk
hdYf]bYjZKTJUKS SKTZKKYYGY
ROSOZGekKY(
N hj][akg l]j [gjY_]e+

Ig hYkkY\gfg emalg \aklYfl]( \a_Yegk( fY ]jY hj*[gehmlY\gj( Yk

hjgb]]k h]jeYf][aYe nY_Yk] imYdalYlanYk(
]jY f][]kk}jag ^Yr]j me ]k*
^gjg e]flYd hYjYY[gehYf`}*DYk] hjgb]lYj []f}jagk hYjYg ^mlmjg]jY
me hjgZd]eY+ Kj][akYnY*k]
\] d}hak(ZgjjY[`Yk(j]keYk \] hYh]d] dap]ajYk
]fgje]k hYjYYZjYYjYYlana\Y\]+<[j]k[]fl] Yakkgg Yegj \g [gflY\gj
hgj ljYZYd`gkl]\agkgk ] d]flgk+ M]kmeaf\g( YYlana\Y\] \] hjgb]lYj ]jY
\]k_YklYfl]( af\]k]b}n]d ] hj]bm\a[Y\Yh]dYafk]_mjYfY+
HYk Yk[gakYkem\YjYe [ge Yafljmkg \Y hdYfad`Y+
LmYf\g k] h]
meY hdYfad`Y\g @p[]d]e egk im] kYZ]e mkYjme [gehmlY\gj( gZ*
le*k] k]e ]k^gjg Yd_memeY !hjgb]g \] n]f\Yk! im] k] ]kl]f\] GJ
OTLOTOZ[SPeY n]r ]e meY h}_afY(gm]e me egfalgj \] [gehmlY\gj(

gm( hagj Yaf\Y( ]e meY Yhj]k]flYg \] Kgo]jKgafl( Yhjgb]g Y\imaj]

na\Y hjhjaY( h]j\]f\g
kmYnY_m]rY ] YZkljYg ] lgjfYf\g*k] g im] gk
^adkg^gk[`YeYe \] j]a^a[Y\Y( afn]kla\Y \] [gf[j]lm\]8 ]dYY\imaj] na\Y
fgnY [geg me gZb]lg lYf_n]d+

$KgjlYflg( Yafljg\mg \] me hgflg \] j]^]jf[aY fY e]fl] \g hj]s*

d } eYjYnad`Yk+Dkkgfg \a^]j]fl]
\g hgflg afa[aYd]e meY h][`e*
kgj dYj
!&
+ g[ YZj] [ge me fe]jg
Ydlg %!Lm]jg , ead`g hgj ]klY [YkY 8
[ ` Y+n
W
* W
g [gehjY\gj
j]khgf\]j}
!52- Yh]fYk! * Y \ak[mkkg k]j} ]l]jeeY
Y

H]m Yea_g =jaYf Caf[`[da^^] km_]jam Y k]_mafl] a\aY imYf\g ]kl}*

nYegk gk \gak kmYf\g fY Y[Y\]eaY \] _af}kla[Y dg[Yd7lYdn]r Y^Y[ada\Y\]
[ge im] k] hg\] ^Yr]j hjgb]]k hYjY g ^mlmjg YjjYklYf\g [dmdYkfgk
hjg_jYeYk \] hdYfad`Yk k]bY j]khgfk}n]d h]dgk ]pj[algk \] hj]nakgj]k
im] hjg\mr]e
hj]nak]k \] hjYrg eYak dgf_g %eYk k]ehj] !]fljYf\g
]e lf]ak! imYflg |k hjhjaYk hj]kkmhgka]k&+Ik fgk lgjfYegk hagj]k
hj]nakgj]k \g im] gk kgnala[gk _jYYkYgkhjg_jYeYk hg\]jgkgk \] [ge*
hmlY\gj \Y\gk Yh]kkgYk af[YhYr]k \] da\Yj [ge g hjhjag [gf`][ae]flg+
>geg emalgk f]_g[aYfl]k \] [geeg\ala]k(
=jaYf me `ge]e
\] me
j]Ydakeg af[akang ]( |k n]r]k( ZjmlYde]fl] \gdgjgkg+

h]dg fn]d afa[aYd+

Pe e][Yfakeg
e]flYd [d}kka[g([`YeY\g \] Yf[gjY_]e( hYj][] ]klYj
]e ^mf[agfYe]flg
Yima+Qg[ j]\mr YYfka]\Y\] Y[]j[Y \Y af[]jl]rY hjg*
\mraf\g me fe]jg
] ]e k]_ma\Y !Yf[gjY*k]! f]d]( [geg me gZb]lg ]e
im] k] hg\] k]_mjYj fg e]ag \] me n}[mg+ J e][Yfakeg
\] Yf[gjY_]e
^ga \]k[gZ]jlg h]dgk hYak\Y hka[gdg_aY\Y af[]jl]rY( ?Yffq FY`f]eYf
] <egk On]jkcq( fg hjaf[hag \] k]m hjgb]lg kgZj] `]mjkla[Y ] nak+@d]
^mf[agfY \Y k]_mafl] ^gjeY7 FY`f]eYf
] On]jkcq ^ar]jYe [ge im] Yk
h]kkgYk ]klm\Y\Yk _ajYkk]e meY jg\Y \Y ^gjlmfY+ <k [gZYaYkgd`YnYe
hjas]ajg hYjY g fe]jg
fY jg\Y( W[KYGHOGSW[KKXGGRKGZiXOU(
?]hgak(
h]sDYe*D`]k im] ]klaeYkk]e g fe]jg
\] hYk]kY^ja[Yfgk fYk IY]k
Pe\Yk+ Jk im] lajYnYe me fe]jg
ZYapg fY jg\Y ]klaeYnYe me f*
e]jg ZYapg\] fY]k Y^ja[YfYk8gk im] lajYnYe me fe]jg
Ydlg_]jYnYe
meY ]klaeYlanY eYak YdlY+
NaeadYje]fl]( h]Y YYd_me hYjY \ar]j*d`] gk imYljg dlaegk \_algk
\] k]m fe]jg
\] afk[jag fY hj]na\f[aY kg[aYd+@e k]_ma\Y( h]Y*d`]
im] ]klae] g fe]jg
\] \]flaklYk ]e HYf`YllYf+ Qg[ \]k[gZjaj} im](
h;s ^Yr]j [ge im] Yh]kkgY lge] [gfk[af[aY \] me fe]jg
\] imYljg
\D_DlJN(ng[ ]kl} af\mraf\g meY ]klaeYlanY [gjj]dYlY Y]d]+
X PkYegk hgflgk \] j]^]jf[aY ]e fgkkYk e]fl]k( hgj ]p]ehdg( hjgb]*
g]k \] n]f\Yk( ] [ge]Yegk Y[gfkljmaj [j]fYk ]e lgjfg \]d]k hgjim]
f][]kk}jag e]fgk ]k^gjg e]flYd hYjY[gehYjYj meY a\aY [ge me hgf*
ls \] j]^]jf[aY \g im] YnYda}*DY
\] eg\g YZkgdmlg%g@OYZKSG
, ]e ^mf*
[DgfYe]flg &+ Ig [gfk]_maegk ljYZYd`Yjk]e me hgflg \] j]^]jf[aY+

'

,+385.

-14 .3314 -. 23.60491

>geg emalYk nYja}n]ak Zagd_a[Yk(Y ]ph][lYlanY \] na\Y \g H]\ag*

[jaklg( gm k]bY(]kl} kmb]alYYmeY Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eg\]jY\Y * fg ]k*
[Yd}n]d(hgak imYflg eYak ]fn]d`][]egk
e]fgk [`Yf[]k l]egk \] h]j*
eYf][]j
nangk+ @e me hYk\]k]fngdna\g( ]kh]jY*k] im] meY emd`]j
j][e*fYk[a\Y
egjjY ]e lgjfg \gk 46 Yfgk( k]_mf\g lYZ]dYk\] ]e*
hj]kYk \] k]_mjgk+ LmYf\g [`]_Yj Ygk 46 Yfgk( kmY]ph][lYlanY \] na\Y(
hj]kmeaf\g
im] ]kl]bY laha[Ye]fl]
kYm\}n]d( \] eYak \]r Yfgk7 <gk
6- Yfgk( \]n]j} l]j eYak 1(4 Yfgk h]dY ^j]fl]+ <gk .-- Yfgk( eYDN/(2
Yfgk+<gk ..6( k] eadY_jgkYe]fl] nan]j lYflg( \]n]j} l]j []j[Y \] eYak
6 e]k]k \] na\Y+w e]\a\Y im] nan] Yde \Y \YlY ]kh]jY\Y hYjY Yegjl](
g fe]jg
\] Yfgk Y\a[agfYak j]klYfl]k \aeafma( g im] admkljYYhjaf[ahYd
hjghja]\Y\]
\] nYjaY]k Yd]YljaYkj]dY[agfY\Yk | [mjnY +fY ^gjeY+ \]
kafg+ < ]ph][lYlanY [gf\a[agfYd \] na\Y Y\a[agfYd j]\mrD\Y | e]\D\Y
im] Yh]kkgY ]fn]d`][]+
>ge hjgb]lgk ] ]ehj]]f\ae]flgk
`meYfgk( Y `akljaY \a^]j]fl]+
@d]kkg ^j]i]fl]e
]fl] ]k[Yd}n]ak([geg \akk] fg >Yhlmdg0+>ge nY*
ja}n]ak ]k[Yd}n]ak(Yk\g @plj]eaklg( l]kl]emf`Y*k] g ]^]alg ]pYlYe]fl]
[gflj}jag+ ?a_Yegk im] k] ]kh]j] im] me hjgb]lg ^aim] hjgflg ]e 46
\aYk(Ye]keY ]ph][lYlanY im] meY emd`]j j][e*fYk[a\Y l]e ]e Yfgk+
Ig 46u \aY( k] g hjgb]lg fg ]klan]j [gf[dm\g( Y]ph][lYlanY k]j} \] im]
k] hYkk]e eYak /2 \aYk Yl Y [gf[dmkg+ HYk fg 6-u \aY( k] g hjgb]lg
Yaf\Y fg lan]j ka\g [gf[dm\g( ]d] Yaf\Y \]n]j} l]j 25 \aYk h]dY ^j]fl]+
Ig .--u \aY( \]n]jg ^YdlYj56 \aYk Yl Y[gf[dmkg+ Ig ..6u \aY( \]n]jg
^YdlYjeYak .16 \aYk+Ig 3--u \aY( k] g hjgb]lg fg ]klan]j [gf[dm\g( Y
]ph][lYlanY k]j} \] im] ]d] hj][akYj} \] eYak .+26- \aYk+>geg k] hg\]
n]j( W[GTZUSGOYYKKYVKXG&
SGOUXYKXbG K^VKIZGZO\G
KS XKRGedU
GUZKSVU

W[KGOTJGYKJK\KXbKYVKXGX(
?a_Yegk im] ng[ k]bYme j]^m_aY\g Y_mYj\Yf\g g j]lgjfs
hYjY+Y
l]jjY fYlYd+>Y\Y \aY im] hYkkYng[ ]kl} eYak \aklYfl] ] fg eYDNhjS.*

eg \g \aY \g j]lgjfg ljamf^Yfl]+J e]keg Yhda[Y*k]

| \YlY\g ljeafg
\Y [gfkljmg \] kmYhjpaeY [YkY\] h]jY+N] Y]ph][lYlanY]jY \] \gak
Yfgk( ] ljk Yfgk \]hgak ng[ ]kl} ^Yr]f\g h]j_mflYk( fg ]kh]j] im] g
hjgb]lg k]bY[gf\m.g ]e hgm[g l]ehg+ N] _m]jjYk\mjYe ]e e\aY
k]ake]k]k ] k]m[gf^dalg ]kl} k] \]k]fjgdYf\g `} \gak Yfgk(]kh]j] eYak
Yd_mfkYfgk \] hjgZd]eYk+J [gf^dalg }jYZ]*akjY]d]fk]l]e k]kk]flY Yfgk
] [gflafmY * eYk( k]kk]flY Yfgk Ylj}k(^ga[gfka\]jY\g !me hjgZd]eY
kaehd]k!+%G]eZj]*k] k]ehj] \] im] ]e me YeZa]fl] eg\]jfg Yk_m]j*
jYk\mjYe eYakl]ehg ] eYlYe eYakh]kkgYk\g im] g im] laha[Ye]fl]
hdYf]bY\g+&
Jmljg ]p]ehdg7 \a_Yegk im] ng[ ]fna] meY [YjlYhYjYk]m
]k[jalgj ^Yngjalg(kYZ]f\g im] ]d] g[mhY\g ] [gklmeY d]nYj\mYkk]eY*
fYk hYjYj]khgf\]j+ N] ljk k]eYfYk \]hgak kmY[YapY\] [gjj]ag Yaf\Y
]klan]j nYraY(fg ]kh]j] im] Y[YjlY[`]_m] YeYf` * ]e e\aY( ]dY
d]nYj}eYakljk k]eYfYk hYjY[`]_Yj+ N]ljk e]k]k \]hgak Yaf\Yfg lan]j
j][]Za\g fY\Y(Y]ph][lYlanYk]j} \] im] l]j} \] ]kh]jYj hgj eYakme Yfg+
>Y\Y \aYim] hYkkYj\]apYj} ng[ eYakhjpaeg \Y egjl] ] eYak \aklYfl]
\g j][]Zae]flg \Y [YjlY+
@kkY
hjghja]\Y\] kmlad(eYk ]plj]eYe]fl]
[gfk]i]f[aYd \Y Yd]Ylg*
ja]\Y\] ]k[Yd}n]d( af[geme]fl]
[gfljY*aflmalanY+
>gehj]]f\]egk
eYd
Yd_a[Y\gk _jYf\]k \]knagk \Y fgjeY+
Dj]ae] Yhjg^mf\Yj f]kkYkhjghja]\Y\]k \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ]k[Yd}n]dfY
KYjl]Ojk+HYk\a_Yegk hgj `gjY im] ]dYk\]k]eh]f`Ye
me hYh]d[]f*
ljYdfY [gehj]]fkg ]jjf]Y \g jYeg \Ykhj]nak]k+
8ZP ,><,@0==0 ?7 <49 =0 060 >4@0< 07 7\/4,!
@48>0 /0 :<91?8/4/,/0

?7 70M<9

Kjgb]]k [gjhgjYlanYk] _gn]jfYe]flYak hgkkm]e meY ^Yd`YY\a[agfYd

im] ^}[ad\] k]j \]l][lY\Y7 ]dYkfg Y_j]_Ye me hTJOIKJK KXXU
VUYYh\KR
Ygkk]mk[]f}jagk+ H]keg fY Ymkf[aY\] >akf]k I]_jgk( lYdgeakkg k]jaY
me ]jjg+
PeY n]r( ^armeY hYd]kljYhYjYh]kkgYk]plj]eYe]fl]
Yhda[Y\Yk
] af*
l]j]kkY\Yk]e \]lYd`]k _gn]jfYe]flYak fg Rgg\jgoRadkgf
>]fl]j( ]e
RYk`af_lgf( =*X*(\]kY^aYf\g*YkY]klYj]e [gfk[a]fl]k \] fgkkYk^jYim]*
rYkimYf\g gd`Yegk hYjYg ^mlmjg+
Jk e]eZjgk \Y hdYlaY]jYe [gehgjlY\gk ] kad]f[agkgk+J im] ]m
]klYnYd`]k \ar]f\g aY[gfljY lm\g im] Y[j]\alYnYe ] \]^]f\aYe8 ]m`YnaY

+
.6Y\g [ge Ye]fkY_]e Y_j]kkanY(
eYk ]d]khYj][aYe h]fkYlangk(
e]]ehg
YjYg[ge gk h]jkgfY_]fk [Yjj]_Y\gk \] l]klgkl]jgfY im]
]e [ge K
+`
+*
fg emf\g \gk f]_[agk+ N]fla [mdhYhgj ee YhJNaYg
k] ]f[gf ljYe
+
+ Kgm[gk^ar]jYe h]j_mflYk+< h]kkgYim] gj_Yergm YhYd]kljY
Y_j]kkanY+
+
] e] [gfna\gm \]n]jaY ]klYj hj]_Yf\g meY h]Y fgk [gd]_Yk+@mhYj]>aY
Yl]mY_j]kkang\]^]f\]f\g
kmYhgkag \aYfl] \] me kfg\g \] [Yj*
me
d$
+
\]Yak] YZjaf\g eg \gk ]m^]eakegk ^gjem Yd>gkmkmYaN+
HYkYd_mfke]eZjgk \Y hdYlaY^gjYe kaeh}la[gk v e]fkY_]e ++meY
h]kkgYYffaeY%]ehj]_Y\g \] meY Y_f[aY+_gnsjfYe]flYd&]phdd[gm*
e] hjanY\Ye]fl] \]hgak \Y hYd]kljYim] ]e hf]ajg \s /--1 k]m\]hYs*
lYe]flg ]klYnYhj]n]f\g im] g hj]g \g h]ljd]g \Yie Y/2 Yfgk ]klYfY
]e /4 \dYj]k hgj ZYjjad(me hgm[g eYak Ydlg\g im] fYim]d] ege]flg+
N]ake]k]k \]hgak( ]e lgjfg \] bmf`g \] /--1( \]hgak im] g h]ljd]g
\gZjgm \] hj]g( lan]jYe im] j]nakYjY]klaeYlanYhYjY21 \dYj]k %YlmYd*
e]fl]( ]fimYflg ]k[j]ng ]klYkdaf`Yk(g hj]g \g h]ljd]g ]kl} hjpaeg
\] 46 \dYj]k hgj ZYjjad&+
@d]kfg k] \]jYe [gflY \] im] ]jY ja\[mdg^Y*
r]j meY k]_mf\Y hj]nakg( naklgim] Yhj]nakg im] `YnaYe ^]algegkljgm
]klYj]jjY\Y lg []\g ] lg Y[]flmY\Ye]fl]( im] g f]_[ag \] ^Yr]jhj]na*
k]klaf`Y im] k]j im]klagfY\g \] Yd_meY^gjeY+@]klYnYe ^Yr]f\g hj]*
nak]khYjY/2 GTUY\]hgak @d]klYeZe fg h]j[]Z]jYe im] `YnaYYd_g
[`YeY\g f\a[] \] ]jjg im] \]n]jaY k]j d]nY\g ]e [gfka\]jYg7
Kj]n]j k]e af[gjhgjYj me f\a[] \] ]jjJ j]n]dY ljk ^Yd}[aYk(
lg\Yk
^jmlgk\Y e]keY [gf[]hg ]jjf]Y Y[]j[Y \Y fYlmj]rY\Y af[]jl]rY+
< hjae]ajY ^Yd}[aY7
G\GXOGHOROJGJK
OSVUXZGTZK(
J hjae]ajg ]jjg j]ka*
\] ]e d]nYjmeY hjgb]g Ykjag \]eYak( k]e im] k] hj]kl] Yl]fg fY
]pYla\g+HYk(hYjYhjghkalgk \] hdYf]bYe]flg( Y]pYla\g fY hj]nakg
emalg eYak aehgjlYfl] \g im] YhjhjaY hj]nakg+@phda[Yj]a
Yk]_maj7
<h]kYj \gk ]jjgk \] hj]nakg k]ehj] l]j]e ka\g \an]jla\gk( gk hj]gk \] [ge+eg\ala]k le
ka\g meY _jYf\] YjeY\ad`Y hYjYljgmpYk+>gfka\]j] ]kkYhj]nakg \] .64- ^]alYhgj j]hj]*
k]flYfl]k \g _gn]jfg \gk @klY\gkPfa\gk %YkkafY\Y
h]dgk k][j]l}jagk \g O]kgmjg( \g @klYsg(
\g Dfl]jagj ] \] ?]^]kY&7!J hj]g*hY\jg \] h]ljd]g [jm ]kljYf_]ajg ]e .65- hg\] ePdlg
Z]e [Yaj( ] \] imYdim]j eg\g fg ]ph]jae]flYj} me Yme]flg kmZklYf[aYd+!
J hjsg \g
h]ljd]g ]klYnY\]r n]r]k eYak Ydlg]e .65-+ K]j_mflg*e] Yh]fYk k] gk hj]nakgj]k YlmYak
sYs]*
[]e \] [mjagka\Y\] afl]d][lmYdgm k] ]klg a_fgjYf\g afl]f[agfYde]fl]
gk ]jjgk \] hj]QdkYg+
JZk]jn] lYeZe ]kkY YZ]jjYg Y\a[agfYd7[geg g hj]g Ydlg \g h]ljd]g ]kl} Yme]f*
lYf\g g nYdgj \gk ]klgim]k( Yk[gehYf`aYk h]ljgd^]jYk ]klg gZl]f\g dm[jgk j][gj\]k( ]
]p][mlangk \Y af\kljaY ]klg j][]Z]f\g
Zgfa^a[Y]k _a_Yfl]k[Ykhgjim] !^ar]jYe me Zge
ljYZYd`g! ***+7
[geg k] lan]kk]e gZla\g dm[jgk MKXGTJU
g Yme]flg \g hj]g \g h]ljd]g+

<dU GZXG\KYYK
[S XOU
YKKRKZO\KX&
KS SfJOG&[S SKZXUK\OTZKJK VXU'
L[TJOJGJK( Qg[ d]nYjaYmeY k]d]g \a^]j]fl] \] jgmhYk]e meY naY*

_]e hYjYYd_me\]klafg j]eglg k] ]m d`] \akk]kk] im] k] ]kh]jY im] Y

l]eh]jYlmjY k]bY\] /. _jYmk[]fl_jY\gk( [ge meY eYj_]e \] ]jjg hj]*
kmea\Y \] /- _jYmk(\g im] k] ]md`] \akk]kk]im] YeYj_]e \] ]jjg ^gkk]
\] Yh]fYk1 _jYmk+
<k hgdla[Yk
f][]kk}jaYkhYjYlgeYj \][ak]k \]n]jaYe
\]h]f\]j
emalg eYak \Y ^YapY\] j]kmdlY\gkhgkkn]ak\g im] \g f*
e]jg ^afYdhj]kmea\g+ LmYf\g ljYZYd`YnY
hYjYme ZYf[g( na [geg Yk
h]kkgYkhjgb]lYe ^dmpgk\] [YhalYdhYjY]ehj]kYk k]e ]fngdn*dgk f]e
e]keg [ge meY [YeY\Y emalg ^afY\] af[]jl]rY k]im]j+ Q} Yg[gjj]lgj
\] Y]k] [gf^ajY imYdelg\g mladarY\ghgj ]d] hYjYhj]n]j n]f\Yk
[ge \]r Yfgk \] Yfl][]\f[aY Y^ae \] ![YdaZjYj!gk eg\]dgk \] YnY*
daYg+?]k[mZjY [geg YfYdaklYk
hj]n]e \^a[alk _gn]jfYe]flYak+ Q}
! me ZYf[g gm Yme hjg_jYeY \] lj]afYe]flg \] Yf}dak]\] llmdgk]
n]bY[geg ]fkafYe gk ]klY_a}jagkY^Yr]j kmhgka]k8]d]k fg ]fkafYe
Y [gfkljmaj me f\a[] \] ]jjgk ]e lgjfg \]kkYk kmhgka]k* eYk g
f\a[] \] ]jjgk \]d]k lg Ydlgim] [`]_Y Yk]j eYak ka_fa^a[Ylang
\g im]
YhjhjaY hjgb]g
< k]_mf\Y ^Yd}[aY
j]ka\] ]e fg k] d]nYj]e [gfka\]jYg Y\]_jY\Yg
\Y hj]nakg v e]\a\Y im] g h]jg\g hjgb]lY\g Yme]flY+Ig h]j[]Z]egk
afl]ajYe]fl] Y\a^]j]fY ]flj] g ^mlmjghjpaeg ] g ^mlmjg\aklYfl]+HYk
Y\]_jY\Yg f]kk] lahg \] hj]nakg lgjfY*k] ]na\]fl] Ygdgf_g \g l]ehg
hgj e]ag \] me kaehd]k ]pYe] afljgkh][lang * k]e im] k]bYf][]kk}jag
j][gjj]j YYjla_gk[a]fl^a[gk(im] kg kmkh]alYe]fl] jYjgkfg im] \ar j]k*
h]alg Yglha[g+ >gfka\]j] hj]nak]k( k]bYe ][gfea[Yk gml][fgd_a[Yk(
^]alYk]e .6-2 hYjYg imYjlg \] k[mdgk]_mafl]+Lmg hjpaeg \Yk hjg*
b]]k Y[YZgm^a[Yf\g g Yfg \] .6/2; KYjYmeY ]ph]jaf[aY [gfnaf[]fl](
d]aY.651( \] B]gj_] Jjo]dd+ Jm gZk]jn] hj]nak]k eYak j][]fl]k( ^]alYk
]e .642( kgZj] gkhjgkh][l98:khYjYg fgng eadfag+ Hmalgk]n]flgk Y[gf*
l][]jYe ] fgnYk l][fgdg_aYkkmj_ajYe k]e im] ^ar]kk]e hYjl] \Y aeY_a*
fYg \gk hj]nakgj]k8 emalYkgmljYk[gakYkim] k] ]kh]jYnYim] ^gkk]e
Y[gfl][]j gmkmj_ajfg k] j]YdarYjYe+Igkkgk ]jjgk \] hj]nakg le ka\g
ljY\a[agfYde]fl] ]fgje]k( ] hg\] k]j im] fg `YbYjYrg hYjYY[j]\alYj*
egk im] ]klYegk j]h]flafYe]fl]
]e meY hgkag eYakhjanad]_aY\Y
hYjY
n]j g ^mlmjg]e j]dYg Ygkfgkkgk Yfl][]kkgj]k []_gk+ Kj]nak]k ^]alYk
hgj Zmjg[jYlYkl]f\]e Yk]j mkY\Yk
hYjYYdnag
\] Yfka]\Y\]( ] fg hYjYY
^ge]flYg Y\]imY\Y \] hgdla[Yk+

< l]j[]ajY ^Yd}[aY(

] lYdn]rYeYak _jYn]( \ar j]kh]alg Yg]flsf\ae]fl;
\g [Yj}l]j Yd]Yljag\YknYja}n]akim] ]klg k]f\g hj]ndklYk+
?]Qd*
]jjY\ g
(+ Z
+
\g Yg>akf] I]_jg( ]kkYknYja}n]akhg\]e Y[geg\Yj []fYfgk ]e eYdk
+ +l
gmZ]e eYak h]kkaeaklYk* \g im] gk YlmYde]fl] ]kh]jY*
gldedNYk*
+
\gk+G]eZj]*k] \g e]m ]ph]jae]flg [ge g l]kl] \] ?Yf Bgd\kl]e kgZj]
Y]kh][a^a[a\Y\] \g \gefag \] fgkkYkaflma]k([geg fk l]f\]egk Y
fg [ge]l]j ]jjgk fg H]\ag[jaklg eYk Y[ge]lsj _jYf\]k ]jjgk fg @p*
lj]eaklg( b}im] fg h]j[]Z]egk Yk[gfk]if>aYk \g ]n]flg jYjg++
LmYd Yaehda[Yg \akkg; H]keg im] [gf[gj\] [ge \]l]jeeYsY
j]nakg( ng[ hj][akY k] hj]g[mhYj [ge YhgkkaZada\Y\]j]Yd\] meY \d*
s]j_f[aY ka_fa^a[YlanY+
@kkYk
\an]j_f[aYk hg\]e k]j Z]e*naf\Yk hgj me
]kh][mdY\gj im] fg \]h]f\] \] mes j]f\Y ]ks}n]d8me Y;gk]fls\g( fg
]flYflg( [ge me [gfbmflg ]klYZ]d][d\g \] YlfZmlgk\] fk[g( fYg hg\]
k] \Yj Ygdmpg\] lYak^dmlmY]k+
@majaYYaf\YeYakdgf_] ]( mkYf\g g Yj*
_me]flg \Y hjg^mf\a\Y\] \g jag( Y^ajeYjaYim] g im] sehgjsY Yg+YsjYYj
meY hgdla[Y g daeal] af^]jagj \Yk ]klaeYlanYk%gmk]bY(YhdJj `dhgl]k]&
X Yhagj `ahl]k] emalg eYak ka_fa^a[YlanY
\g im] YhjhjaY hj]nakg+
Dkkg ]kh][aYde]fl] n]j\Y\]ajg k] g []f}jag jmae ^gj afY[]al}n]d+<af\Y
Ykkae(Y]phj]kkg YlmYd
fg g^]j][] [gfka\]jYg Yd_meYYakkg+I]f`m*
eY k]im]j+
>gklmeY*k]\ar]j im] !N}Zag Yim]d]im] hg\] n]j Yk[gakYkim] ]klg
hYjYY[gfl][]j!+ OYdn]rg k}Zagk]bYim]e kYaZY
im] fg hg\] n]j [gakYk
im] ]klg emalg \aklYfl]k+
&IILD=

FLKIF =DGI=?F

<k \mYkj]khgklYklha[Yk[ge im] e] \]hYjg imYf\g im]klagfg g ljY*

ZYd`g \gk hj]nakgj]k kg7 !J im] ]d] \]n]jaY ^Yr]j; Qg[ l]e Yd_meY
eYf]ajY e]d`gj hYjYhj]n]j;! ] !N] ng[ lg ]kh]jlg( egklj]*e] kmY
hjhjaY hj]nakg!+ IY n]j\Y\]( YdlaeY h]j_mflY( _]jYde]fl] ^]alY[ge
Yjjg_~f[aY(l]e g gZb]lang \] egkljYj Ykmh]jagja\Y\] \g hjYla[Yfl] ]
!j]YdarY\gj! ]e j]dYgYg^Ddkg^g(
] ^]alYhjaf[ahYde]fl] hgj h]kkgYk
im] fg kYZ]e im] ^mame gh]jY\gj \] e]j[Y\g+ N]`} Yd_meYnYflY_]e
]e l]j ]klY\g ]fngdna\g fY hj}la[Y \a}jaY\Y af[]jl]rY( ]dY fg l]j im]
]f_gdaj Z]kl]ajYkhgj hYjl] \] Zmjg[jYlYk+
Pe \gk e]mk [da]fl]k h]\am eaf`Yk hj]nak]k+LmYf\g d`] \akk] im]
fg laf`Y f]f`meY( ^a[gmg^]f\a\g ] \][a\am \akh]fkYj e]mk k]jnagk+

IY n]j\Y\]( ]pakl] me `}Zalg jglaf]ajg ] fg afljgkh][lang \] ^Yr]j [ge

im] f]_g[aYfl]k j]khgf\Ye
Yim]klagf}jagk ] ]k[j]nYe hYj}_jY^gk egk*
ljYf\g kmYk!h]jkh][lanYk!+ @mfmf[Y lan] meY h]jkh][lanY f]e fmf[Y
^ar hj]nak]k hjg^akkagfYak* eYk h]dg e]fgk YKOW[KTdUVUYYUVXK\KX&
]
me fe]jg
h]im]fg \] h]kkgYk %Yim]dYk
[ge im]e e] aehgjlg& n akkg
[geg meY imYda\Y\]+
@pakl]e h]kkgYk im] hjg\mr]e
hj]nak]k k]e imYdim]j k]fkg [jla[g+
LmYf\g h]j_mflY\Yk hgj im] hj]n]e( j]khgf\]e7
!=]e( akkgim] fgk
hY_Ye hYjY ^Yr]jegk Yima+!
Haf`Y km_]klg7 Yjjme] gmljg ]ehj]_g+
@kkYkm_]klg fg lg ]pa_]fl]7 Ye]fgk im] k]bYme ]k[jYng( hj]*
kmeg im] ng[ l]f`Y Yd_me [gfljgd] kgZj] Y ]k[gd`Y \] ]ehj]_g+ ?g
[gflj}jag( akkghYkkYYk]j me hjgZd]eY \] la[Y( ] emalg _jYn] hgj kafYd+
K]kkgYkim] ^a[Ye hj]kYk fgk ]ehj]_gk ] ^Yr]e hj]nak]k kaehd]ke]f*
l] hgjim] ! e]m ljYZYd`g!( kYZ]f\g emalg Z]e im] Ykhj]nak]k im]
^Yr]e kg af]^a[Yr]k( fg kg g im] [`Yeg \] la[Yk+J im] ^Yr]e fg
f]e me hgm[g \a^]j]fl] \] j]h]laj e]flajYk kaehd]ke]fl]
hgjim] !
e]m ljYZYd`g!+
LmYdim]j h]kkgY im] [Ymk] \Yfgk hgj e]ag \] hj]nak]k \]n]jaY k]j
ljYlY\g [geg dgm[g gm [geg e]flajgkg+ <d_mfk hj]nakgj]k [YmkYe eYak
\Yfgk | kg[a]\Y\] \g is] [jaeafgkgk+ Kgj ^Yngj( fg \ajabY me faZmk
]k[gdYj [ge gk gd`gk n]f\Y\gk+

Ig Y]jghgjlg EAF( ]e IgnY Tgjc( hg\]*k] ]f[gfljYj ZYf[Yk \] bgjfYak

_a_Yfl]k[Yk [ge hYj]\]k j]hd]lYk \] j]naklYk+@dYk[gklmeYe k]j Y\ea*
fakljY\Yk hgj ^YedaYkemalg ]\m[Y\Yk \g kmZ[gflaf]fl] af\aYfg %eYkk
h]dgk hYak8gk ^ad`gk ]klg fY ^Y[md\Y\] \] e]\a[afY&+ @kkYkhYj]\]k g^]*
j][]e Yng[ lg\g g IUXV[Y\g im] meY h]kkgY !af^gjeY\Y! hj][akY hYjY
!kYZ]j g im] ]kl} Y[gfl][]f\g!+
K]j_mflg*e]
imYflg l]ehg k]jaY f]*
[]kk}jag hYjYd]j [Y\Y meY \]kkYk j]naklYk(]p[dmaf\g gk h]ja\a[gk kgZj]
h]k[YjaY ] eglg[a[d]lYk %eYkaf[dmaf\g Ykj]naklYk \] ^g^g[Yk * fg `}
eYd ]e \an]jlaj*k] me hgm[g&+H]lY\] \] meY na\Y; PeY na\Y afl]ajY;
Df^]dare]fl]( lg\g ]kk] [gf`][ae]flg
fg Ybm\YjaYg d]algj Yhj]n]j g
im] ]kl} hYjY Y[gfl][]j YeYf`+ IY n]j\Y\]( ]d] hg\] j]\mraj Y[YhY[a*
\Y\] \]d] \] ^Yr]j hj]nak]k+

+
l \ hjgZd]eY \Y hj]nakg7 kmYkdaealY]k af]j]fl]k(
+l gmljg Ykh][ g g
\$
@SdN](
j [ge YfYlmj]rY `meYfY ] im]( ]e n]r DNNJ(
D m] l]e hgm[g Yn]
+
Yim] YksY fYlmj]rY \Y hjhjaY af^gjeYg+ @m\skk] im] s >dss] I]_jg
ZjglYe+
+
+ $Zada\Y\] [gfk]if[DYk ] ]ph`[YZd`\Y\]
ljk YlfZmlgk7 dehj]ndkd
(
+
+ + ++

l]e
+ @
+f]egk ]flg Yim]klg \Y dehj]ndNdZd`\Y\]+
ljgkh][ldnY+ pYed

j]*

: 9THQNL@MSD'
WX <TdThTZZ\a( LX_bdX f\hX_ae g_T YdTcgXlT md
TcgX^XecgX `ae YT^T_ eaUdXa Ygfgda*Ga cgTWda*T cg\da_T`fX XefT
dagUT`Waa T`X^ WTh}f\_T*

*
(
\
f k \] >YlYjafY+
@dY
l]n] Yh]fYk ./+
?]ng Ygd]algj meY j]khgklY]e j]dYYgYgfme]jg
] YeYf ]

.EQ_TUMP9OWI

.979

:<9.?<,<

>4>4., /0 :,==,<4839

: OQDUHR[N
CD 8NOODQRNAQD
OQDUKRNQDR
& 8NKMB@Q]
AQHMB@
BNL ANK@R
CD AHKG@Q
& >NM2@XDJSDL ODQLHRR[N
O@Q@
RDQ3QQDUDQDMSD
& 6ZPTHM@R
CD DWODBS@&
SHU@
& 8@TK
;@LTDKRNM
PTDQPTD UNB^RDI@
Q@BKNM@K&
.THC@CNBNL

g EHK`RNEN

& /WHI@
@KFTL@R
BDQSDY@R

Qaegk im] Y&l]f\]egk Y]fljYj ]e lf]ak ] Yh]fkYj !]klj]alYe]fl]!

%Yjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y&] Z&fgkkg `aklja[g \] hj]nak]k YdlYe]fl] Y['
h]j]klaeY\g * emalYkh]kkgYkim] h]fkYe im] hg\]e ^Yr]j hj]nak]k
fY n]j\Y\] fg hg\]e+
<_gjY ]phdgjYj]egk eYakhjg^mf\Ye]fl] YkdaealY]k]kljmlmjYak
fg
\anmd_Y\Yk
]e fgkkY[YhY[a\Y\] \] hj]n]j+ @kkYk
daealY]khg\]e kmj_aj
fg \] fk ] kae \Y fYlmj]rY\Y hjhjaY Ylana\Y\]* [gehda[Y\Y \]eYak(
fg Yh]fYkhYjYfk( eYk lYeZe hYjYimYdim]j^]jjYe]flY im] l]f`Y*
egk gmim] hgkkYegk [gf[]Zan]de]fl] gZl]j+<d_mfk>akf]k I]_jgk h]j*
eYf][]jg km^a[a]fl]e]fl] ]dmkangk
hYjYeYlYj fgkkYkhj]nak]k+

Ig s]jg \] .665( ljYZYd`]a]e meY afklalmag^afYf[]ajY]mjghaY+@dY

\]k]EYnYk] \aklaf_maj k]f\g ja_gjgkY] hj]na\]fl]+ < mfa\Y\] ]fngdna\Y

sge gh]jY]k [ge Y]klaf`Y [af[g _]j]fl]k( lg\gk \] YhYjf[aYkjaY

%k]ehj] ]e l]jfgk Yrmd*]k[mjgk(
e]keg fYk+k]sYk*^]s(jYk
[YkmYak&7
im]
+ `Ye \] k] j]mfaj \mjYfl] g n]jg [ge g gZE]ldng\] ^gjemdYjg hdYfg
le
( +
\] [af[g Yfgk!( im] \]n]jaY k]j me \g[me]flg ngdmegkg( meY ]kh][d]
\] eYfmYd\g mkm}jaghYjYY^ajeY+Pe hdYfg \] [af[g Yfgk; KYjYme
[YjYhjg^mf\Ye]fl] [la[g imYflg YghdYf]bY\gj []fljYd( Ya\aY]jY ja*
\[mdY8
g v[j]k[ae]flg \]fljg \Y ^ajeY ^gjYgj_~fa[g ] aehj]nakn]d(^jmlg
\Y hj}la[Y] fg \] \]l]jeafY]k hgj hYjl] \] ]p][mlangk+@jY\] [gf`]*
[ae]flg _]jYdim] g \]hYjlYe]flg eYakdm[jYlang\Y ^ajeY ^gjYhjg\mlg
\] me l]d]^gf]eY af]kh]jY\g \] me [da]fl] im] kgda[algmmeY ljYfkYg
^afYf[]ajY]kh][^a[Yhgje ]kljYf`Y+< ^ajeY h]j[]Z]m Y[a\]flYde]fl]
im] hg\]jaY [gfkljmaj meY mfa\Y\] * im] jYha\Ye]fl] hYkkgmY\g*
eafYj kmYkYlana\Y\]k* Yh]fYkhYjYda\Yj[ge ]kkYkljYfkY]k(b}im]
]jYe dm[jYlanYk+
Jk _]j]fl]k naYbYnYe
h]dg emf\g hYjYk] j]mfaj]e7 =Yj[]dgfY(Cgf_
Fgf_ ]l[+ Hmalgk imade]ljgk hYjYemalY n]jZgjjY_aY+q \]kf][]kk}jag
\ar]j im] [gklmeYnYe kg^j]j \] hjanYg\] kgfg+ N]j me ]p][mlang fg
j]im]j dgZgk^jgflYakemalg \]k]fngdna\gk ] kae meY [geZafYg \] [Y*
jakeY( [YhY[a\Y\] \] kmhgjlYj g l\ag ] Y`YZada\Y\]\] Yhj]k]flYj me
\]k]eh]f`g
kmh]j^a[aYd
kgZYhj]kkg \] Y_]f\Yk Y_j]kkanYk+
<[j]k[]fl] Y
]kkYklYj]^Ykg !\]n]j! \] [gehYj][]j YYhj]k]flY]k \] h]jY+
Jk _]j]fl]k ]klYnYe f]kkYkj]mfa]k hYjYj]YdarYj\af~ea[Yk \] _jmhg
kgZj]( gZnaYe]fl]( g ^mlmjgYe\ag hjYrg * ]d]k im]jaYe l]j !nakg!+
HYk g[gjj]m me ]n]flg im] fg ]klYnYfg hdYf]bYe]flg \] [af[g Yfgk
Ylj}k7g >akf] I]_jg \Y egjYljaY jmkkY\] .665 ] Y\akkgdmgkmZk]*
i]fl] \gk nYdgj]k\gk e]j[Y\gk \Yk \na\YkdYlafg*Ye]ja[YfYk+
J ]n]f*
lg l]n] lYdaehY[lg fY ^ajeY im]( Yh]kYj\] Yafklalmagl]j meY hgdla[Y
]ehj]_Yl[aY j_a\Y\] eYfl]j gk _]j]fl]k( f]f`me \gk [af[g h]jeYf]*
[aY]ehj]_Y\g Ydame ek \]hgak \g jYk[mf`g \g hdYfg \] [af[g Yfgk
\] .665+
HYkYaf\Y]klgm[gf^aYfl] \] im] gkkmZklalmlgk
]klg k] j]mfaf\g hYjY
ljYZYd`Yjfg hjpaeg !hdYfg \] [af[g Yfgk!+Ig Yhj]f\]egk fmf[Y+
>gklme] Ye]ja[Yfg ] [YfY\]fk] fg emf\g \gk f]_[agk \] k] YdanaYjY j]kljag \g [*
\a_g \] n]klae]flY fgk ]k[jaljagk fYk k]plYk*^]ajYk(imYf\g Y[]al}n]d n]klaj jgmhYkeYak
[YkmYak
\g im] Y[geZafYg ljY\a[agfYd \] l]jfg ] _jYnYlY+%I+JU A($

< \]k[gZ]jlY \Y Yjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y `meYfY( [geg naegk fg [Yhlmdg

Yfl]jagj( ^gakmhgklYe]fl] afY\n]jla\Y+HYkg e]keg g[gjj]m [ge ema*
lYkgmljYk\]k[gZ]jlYk+ Hmalg eYak\g im] aeY_afYegk+
J eg\]dg [d}kka[g\] \]k[gZ]jlY g k]_mafl]7ng[ hjg[mjY g im] kYZ]
%hgj]p]ehdg( me fgng [Yeaf`g Yl Yf\aY&] ]f[gfljY Yd_gim] fg
kYZaY
im] ]klYnYd}%Y
<eja[Y&+
N] ng[ h]fkY im] Ykafn]f]k im] n]egk Ygfgkkg j]\gj na]jYe \]
Yd_mek]flY\g ]e me [mZ[mdgim] Yk]dYZgjgmk]_mf\g me hdYf]bY*
e]flg( h]fk] fgnYe]fl]7 imYk]lm\g im] `gb] hghmdYj^gahjg\mlg \Y
k]j]f\aha\Y\]+ J l]jeg !k]j]f\aha\Y\]! ^ga[mf`Y\g ]e meY [YjlYh]dg
]k[jalgj Cm_` RYdhgd](im] g \]jangm \] me [gflg \] ^Y\Yk(!Jk Ojk
Kjf[ah]k \] N]j]f\ah!+ Jk hjf[ah]k !]klYnYe k]ehj] ^Yr]f\g \]k[gZ]j*
lYk(hgj Y[a\]fl] gmkY_Y[a\Y\](\] [gakYkim] fg ]klYnYehjg[mjYf\g!+
@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
ng[ ]f[gfljY Yd_gim] fg ]klYnYhjg[mjYf\g
] Y\]k[gZ]jlY em\Y g emf\g( ] eYak lYj\] k] h]j_mflY hgj im] !d]ngm
lYflg l]ehg! Yl im] k] [`]_Ykk] YYd_glg Znag+I]f`me
bgjfYdaklY
]klYnYhj]k]fl] imYf\g Yjg\Y ^gaafn]flY\Y( eYk hgkkg YhgklYjim] Yk
h]kkgYkfg ]eZYj[YjYe kaehd]ke]fl] fg hjgb]lg \] afn]fg \Y jg\Y
%ghjaf[ahYdafkljme]fls \g [j]k[ae]flg& ] [gehd]lYjYe*fg \] Y[gj\g
[ge me hdYf]bYe]flg+ J e]keg nYd]hYjYYeYagjaY\Yk afn]f]k+
NajAjYf[ak=Y[gf [ge]flgm im] gk YnYfgkeYak aehgjlYfl]k kg gk
e]fgk hj]nakn]ak(Yim]d]kim] !]klg ^gjY\g [Yeaf`g \Y aeY_afYg!+
=Y[gf fg ^gag dlaeg afl]d][lmYdY\]klY[Yj ]kk] hgflg+ < a\aY[gflafmY
j]kkmj_af\g( eYk dg_gngdlYY]knYf][]j+ LmYk]e]ag k[mdgYlj}k(g fg*
n]daklYZ]kl k]dd]j<jl`mj Fg]kld]j ]k[j]n]m me danjgafl]ajg kgZj] g l]eY(
YhjghjaY\Ye]fl] aflalmdY\g=Y YUTcSH[RUY(@d]\]k[j]n] \]k[gZja\gj]k
[geg kgf~eZmdgk im] ljgh]Ye fgk j]kmdlY\gk] fg h]j[]Z]e g im]
le ]e egk+ K]fkYegk im] Yaehgjl~f[aY \Yk\]k[gZ]jlYk \] >ghjfa[g
kgZj] gk egnae]flgk hdYf]l}jagk]jY ZnaYhYjY]d] ] hYjYgmljgk ]e k]m
l]ehg8 ]d] ]klYnYegjlg `YnaY42 YfgkimYf\g YkYmlgja\Y\]k[ge]YjYe
Y^a[Yjg^]f\a\Yk+ ?Y e]keY ^gjeY( Y[`Yegk im] BYdad]m
^gameY nlaeY
]e fge] \Y [af[aY8fY n]j\Y\]( YD_j]bYfg g d]nYnYemalg Ykjag+@e
n]r \akkg(hYj][] im] g hjhjag BYdad]m
[Ymkgm
lg\g g Ydngjggg^]f\]f\g
Yd_meYkh]kkgYk+
Ig ^ae \g Yfg ]e im] ?Yjoaf ] RYddY[]Yhj]k]flYjYe
gk Yjla_gkkgZj] ]ngdmghgj k]d]g fYlmjYdim] em\YjYe g eg\g \] k]

v g emf\g( g hj]ka\]fl] \Y Ng[a]\Y\] Gaff]YfY(gf\] gk Yjla_gk^gjYe

n]j k]flY\gk( Yfmf[agmim] Y kg[a]\Y\] fg QdY
(! f]f ` meY \ ]k[g Z]jlY
Yhj]
D$
$+$
ae j]kkagfYfl]!( fY\Y ]e ]kh][aYdim] hm\]kk] j]ng P>dJfYjY>.]f>dY+(
skim][]egk Yaehj]nakaZada\Y\] imYf\g fgkkYn]r \] ^Yrsj sj]Qd*
)
q hgj akkgim] Ykh]kkgYkhg\]e d]j ]kl] [Yhlmdg
] j]dYlgkkdDedYj]k(
kg]k+
[gf[gj\Yj hd]fYe]fl] ] Yaf\YYkkae\]apYj \] hj]klYj Yl]fg YgkYj_m*
flgk [gfla\gk f]d]k imYf\g h]fkYe kgZj] g ^mlmjg+
e]
JZk]jn] g k]_mafl] ]p]ehdg \jYe}la[g \] meY \]k[g U]jlY k]j]f W#
.*
halgkY7<d]pYf\]j Ad]eaf_ ]klYnYdaehYf\g g dYZgjYljagimYs\g \]k*
[gZjam im] g ^mf_g VKTOIORRO[S
[gflYeafYjY me \] k]mk]ph]fe]flgk
Yfla_gk+<kkae( \]hYjgm [ge Ykhjghja]\Y\]k YflaZY[l]jaYfYk
\Y h]fa[ada*
fY( jYrg h]dYimYdemalgk \] fk ]klYegk nangk`gb] %]maf[dmkan]([geg
\akk] fg >Yhlmdg5(hgjim] Y^]Zj] la^a\] [gklmeY k]j ^YlYd
imYf\g fg
ljYlY\Y&+
q n]j\Y\] im] Ad]eaf_ ]klYnYhjg[mjYf\g !Yd_meY[gakY!(eYk
Y\]k[gZ]jlY hjghjaYe]fl] \alY ^gakaehd]ke]fl] k]j]f\ahalgkY+<de \g
eYak(Yh]kYj\]( ]e j]ljgkh][lg( Y\]k[gZ]jlY hYj][]j emalg aehgjlYfl](
hYkkgmemalg l]ehg Ylim] g^a[aYak
\] kY\] h]j[]Z]kk]e Yaehgjl~f[aY
\g im] laf`Ye ]e egk+ <l e]keg g hjhjag Ad]eaf_ h]j\]m Y^ im]
laf`Y fY a\aYYfl]k \] ]dYk]j kmZk]i]fl]e]fl]
j]kkmk[alY\Y+
@e .632( \gak jY\agYkljfgegk \g =]ddGYZk(]e IgnY E]jk]q(im] ]k*
lYnYe afklYdYf\gmeY _jYf\] Yfl]fY( ^gjYe af[geg\Y\gk hgj me jm\g
\] ^mf\g( me [`aY\g( [geg Y]kl}la[Yim] k] gmn] imYf\g Yj][]hg \]
me kafYd]kl} jmae+Ig ]jY hgkkn]d]jjY\a[Yj g jm\g * e]keg \]hgak
\] l]j]e daehY\g g ]p[j]e]flg
\] h}kkYjgk\Y Yfl]fY hgj ]klYj]e [gf*
n]f[a\gk \] im] Ylala[Y\] hYkkYjaf`g]klYnYhgj lj}k \g jm\g+G]ngmYd*
_me l]ehg Yl im] [`]_Ykk]e | [gf[dmkg \] im] g im] ]klYnYe gmnaf*
\g ]jY g jYkljg \g fYk[ae]flg \g mfan]jkg( YjY\aYg[kea[Y \] ^mf\g
]e ea[jggf\Yk( @kkY
\]k[gZ]jlY j]nan]m Yl]gjaY \g HOM
HGTM&
meY a\aY
]f^jYim][a\Y im] ^gjYhgklmdY\Yhgj h]kimakY\gj]k Yfl]jagj]k+ ?]k[gZja
g k]_mafl] [ge]fl}jag fg o]Zkal] \Y =]ddGYZk(^YdYf\gkgZj] [geg ]kkY
!\]k[gZ]jlY! ^game \gk YnYfgk[]fljYak \g k[mdg7
?Yf NlYfragf]( ]flg hj]ka\]fl] \Y =]ddGYZk] hjaf[ahYdg^a[aYd
\]
gh]jY]k imYf\g K]fraYk Vme \gk jY\agYkljfgegk ]fngdna\gk
[ge Y \]k[gZ]jlYW Yhgk]flgm*k](\akk] im] K]fraYk !af[gjhgjY Y
[jaYlana\Y\] ] Y]p[]df[aY l[fa[Y im] kg eYj[Yk j]_akljY\Yk\Y
=]ddGYZk!+
@d][`Yegm*g \] meY ^a_mjYWYM]fYk[]fY im] Ye*

hdagmfgkkY^j}_ad[gehj]]fkg \Y [jaYg ] ]phYf\am Yk^jgfl]ajYk

\Y [af[aY ]e emalYk}j]YkaehgjlYfl]k!+
M]fYk[]fY [gakYf]f`meY( Yk \gak kmb]algk]klYnYe hjg[mjYf\g
lala[Y\] hYkkYjaf`g Ig k fg ]klYnYe hjg[mjYf\g hgj fY\Y j]eg*
lYe]fl] hYj][a\g [ge Y]na\f[aY \g HOM
HGTM[geg lYeZe( [geg
fgjeYd f]kk]k [Ykgk(fg h]j[]Z]jYe ae]\aYlYe]fl] Yaehgjl~f[aY \Y
\]k[gZ]jlY+ Df^]dare]fl]( g ^ka[gMYdh`<dh`]j( im]e [gf[]Z]m afa[aYd*
e]fl] Ya\aY(]e me Yjla_g]k[jalg ]e hYj[]jaY [ge gk h]kgk h]kY\gk
B]gj_] BYego ] CYfk =]l`]( ^a[gmkmjhj]kg Ygd]j kgZj] Y\]k[gZ]jlY
fg ANK <K] EUXQAOSKY(IY n]j\Y\]( fgk Yjla_gk]f^jYim][a\gk im]
hgklmdYnYeg fYk[ae]flg \g mfan]jkg( gk [a]flaklYk\mna\YnYe im] lYd
jY\aYg hm\]kk] k]j Yd_me\aY e]\a\Y+ >geg Y[gfl][] [ge ^j]if*
[aY]e \]k[gZ]jlYk( gk im] hjg[mjYnYe hgj ]na\f[aYk fg Yk]f[gfljY*
jYe8 gk im] fg Yhjg[mjYnYe Y]f[gfljYjYe ] ^gjYe Y[dYeY\gk[geg
\]k[gZja\gj]k+
O]egk Yimame hYjY\gpg+Ig k gk hj]nakgj]k ^jY[YkkYjYe\]kYfa*
eY\gjYe]fl]
] \] ^gjeY _]jYd]e hj]n]j Ykem\YfYk \j}kla[Yk ljYra*
\Ykhgj \]k[gZ]jlYk aehj]nakn]ak[geg lYeZe Yem\YfY af[j]e]flYd
Y[YZgmk]f\g _]jYde]fl] eYak d]flY \g im] gk hj]nakgj]k ]kh]jYnYe+
LmYf\g meY fgnY l][hgdg_aY]e]j_]( gmkmZ]klaeYegk _jgkk]ajYe]fl]
gmkmh]j]klaeYegk _jYn]e]fl] kmYaehgjl~f[aY+ O`geYk RYlkgf( ^mf*
\Y\gj \Y D=H(hj]nam []jlY n]r im] fg `Yn]jaYf][]kka\Y\] hYjYeYak\g
im] Yh]fYkme hmf`Y\g \] [gehmlY\gj]k+
Lm] g d]algj\]kl] danjg]kl]bYhjgnYn]de]fl] d]f\g ]klYkdaf`Ykfg ]e
meY l]dY(eYk kae fYkh}_afYk\]kk] afkljme]flg YfY[jfa[g(g danjg(hg\]
hYj][]j meY n]j\Y\]ajY YZ]jjYghYjY[]jlYk Ymlgja\Y\]k\Y !j]ngdmg
\a_alYd!+
Lm] ng[ ]kl]bYd]f\g g danjgfg Yj[Ya[g([gehda[Y\g ] af[gfkak*
l]fl] af_dk(^jYf[k gmkmYda(
]e n]r \] ]e ]kh]jYflg( \]kY^aYYkhj]nak]k
\] e]ag k[mdgYlj}k\] im] ]e hgm[g l]ehg g emf\g ]klYjaYk] [gemfa*
[Yf\g ]e meY df_mY^jYf[Yd_a[Y(k]e YeZa_a\Y\]k ] hjgb]lY\YhdYlg*
fa[Ye]fl]+ ?Y e]keY ^gjeY( fg ]klYegk hYkkYf\g^]jaY\gk]e ]klY]k
]khY[aYak(
[geg ^gahj]naklg mfan]jkYde]fl] `} ljk \[Y\Yk+@e me ]p]e*
hdg\] Yjjg_~f[aY[gjhgjYlanY(\]hgak \g hjae]ajg hgmkgfY dmY(
Y]ehj]kY
\] YnaYgKYf<e( `gb] ]plaflY(Y[]algmj]k]jnYkYfl][ahY\YkhYjYnaY_]fk
\] a\Y] ngdlY]flj] YO]jjY ] YdmY+
=gYhj]nakg( k im] Y[gehYf`aY fg
[gfk]_mamhj]n]j im] ^][`YjaYYkhgjlYkfg emalg \]hgak+

5D9 JFCLVUF) =JG=I9 <= LD GIF:C=D9

@f_]f`]ajgk l]f\]e Y\]k]fngdn]j ^]jjYe]flYk h]dg hjYr]j \] \]k]fngdn]j

] fg hYjYaf\mraj YfYlmj]rY Yj]n]dYj k]mkk]_j]\gk+ HYk
^]jjYe] flYk(
(
(
GRM[SGY\]kkYk^]jjYe]flYk ljYr]e eYDN[gf`][De]flg hYjY
Y[gfl][] im]
(
#
gj [YmkY\g ]^]alg \Y ]na\f[aY kad]f[DgkY(
fk fgk ]kim][]egk \]
f r k(K
\ YYd$
$\
jYj
Yk^]jjYe]flYk
im]
fg
^ar]jYe
fY
]e \ ] eYfl]j gk ]f_]*
[gfkD ]
*
(
\
f`]ajgk ^gjY\Yk jmYk(A]jjYe]flYk d]nYe Y\]k[gZ]jlYk e]kh]jY Yk(im]
hgj kmYn]r d]nYe YgmljYk\]k[gZ]jlYk af]ks]jYsYk+HYk jYjg im] Yk^]j*
]flYk hYj]Ye ^mf[agfYj[geg hj]l]f\D\g8 ] kge]fl] g _gklg ] g Yegj
jYe
$Z
\g ]f_]f`]ajg h]dY[gfkljmg \] Zjafim]\gk ] e}isafYk im] sgflf mse
fYg( hjg_f\](
hYjY g Yme]flg \] fgkkg [gf`][ae]flg+ Y+ [gf`][De]flg
(
YhYjlaj \] ^]jjYe]flYk hjgb]lY\YkhYjYn]f^a[Yj gmYbm\YjssgfYk( ePdlg
h]dg [gflj}jag+ Y [gehmlY\gj fg ^ga[gfkljm\g hsjs h]jeslDj im] \]k]f*
ngdnkk]egk meY eYl]e}la[Y fgnY(nakmYd
] _]ge]lf[Y( ] NDehYjYgmljg
hjghkalg+@d](hgj Y[Ykg(h]jealam im] \]k[gZjkk]egk gZb]lgkeYl]e}las
[gk im] hgm[Ykh]kkgYk\YnYe*k] YgljYZYd`g\] hjg[mjYj+OYehgm[s ^JD
g [gehmlY\gj afn]flY\g hYjYh]jealaj im] ng[ [gfn]jk] [ge k]mkYeD_gk
fY NaZjaY(
eYk ]d] ^]r [ge im] k] \]k]fngdn]kk]e Yd_mfkj]dY[agfYe]flgk
Ydgf_Y\akl~f[aY+>geg ]fkYklY(
hgkkgYl]klYjim] YDfl]jf]l Ybm\gm*e]Y
]khYd`Yjeaf`Yk a\aYk]daeafYf\g Yf][]kka\Y\] \] bgjfYdaklYk+
HYk]kk]fg
^gag hjghkalg \][dYjY\g hgj k]mhjgb]laklYeadalYj+
Y dYk]j YadmkljYg
h]j^]alY\] meY ^]jjYe]flY ^]alYhYjYme hjgh*
kalg]kh][^a[g %fYn]j\Y\]( hjghkalg Yd_me&(
hYjYg imYd(\]hgak( ^gjYe
]f[gfljY\Yk Yhda[Y]kim] f]e ]jYe kgf`Y\Yk fY hg[Y+PeY lha[Y
!kgdmg| hjg[mjY \] me hjgZd]eY!+ @flj] YkYhda[Y]k
afa[aYak\g dY*
k]j ]klYnYYkmlmjY[ajj_a[Y \] j]lafYk \]k[gdY\Yk+H]ag k[mdg\]hgak(
ANK4IUTUSOYZh]j_mflgm Y>`Yjd]k Ogof]k( kmhgklgafn]flgj \g dYk]j(
k] ]d] laf`Y j]lafYk ]e e]fl]+ @d]fg laf`Y * ]klYnYkaehd]ke]fl] kY*
lak^Yr]f\g g \]k]bg \] \ana\aj jYagk\] dmr(k+IY n]j\Y\]( gk [gd]_Yk\]
Ogof]k g hjgng[YjYe ZYklYfl]]e j]dYg v ajj]d]n~f[aY \Y \]k[gZ]jlY+
HYk[gfka\]j] gk ]^]algk\g dYk]jfg emf\g Ygk]mj]\gj7 [gehY[l \ak[k(
[gjj]]k \] nakg(ea[jg[ajmj_aY( YjeYr]fYe]flg ] j][mh]jYg \] \Y*
\gk * lg\Yk Yhda[Y]k
aehj]naklYk \Y l][fgdg_aY+'
=gY hYjl] \g \]ZYl] ]flj] [jaY[agfaklYk ] l]ja[gk ]ngdm[agf}jagk %\YimYdfg hYjla[ahg&
j]ka\] fg k]_mafl]7 [jaY[agfaklYkY[j]\alYe im] g emf\g ^jmlg \] Yd_me lahg \] \]k_fsg(
]fimYflg l]ja[gk ]ngdm[agf}jagk n]e g emf\g [geg j]kmdlY\g \] em\YfYk Yd]YljDYk

Ik [gfkljmegk Zjafim]\gk+ <d_mfk \]kk]k Zjafim]\gk em\Ye

emf\g+

Ig n]jg \] /--2( ^ma[gfna\Y\g YnakalYjmeY [gehYf`aY \] Zagl][fgdg*

_aY\Y >Yda^jfaY
im] lan]jYme km[]kkgkmjhj]]f\]fl]+ Amaj][]Za\g [ge
[Yeak]lYk] Zjg[`]k ]paZaf\g me \]kljma\gj \] [mjnYkfY ^gjeY \] kafg^]
g Yff[ag \Y ^gjeYg \g >dmZ]\Yk >Ym\YkBgj\Yk %![Ym\Yk
_gj\Yk!
me l]jeg l[fa[g hYjY>akf]k I]_jgk&+ Agae]m hjae]ajg ]f[gfljg [ge
meY ^ajeY im] nanaY\] >akf]k I]_jgk \g lahg hgkalang+?akk]jYe*e]
im] me [a]flaklYY\eafakljYnYY]ehj]kY ] im] ]d] laf`Y g afklaflg( [geg
[a]flaklY( \] kaehd]ke]fl] \]apYj im] gk [a]flaklYkhjg[mjYkk]e gf\]
im]j im] gk afklaflgk gk d]nYkk]e+< [ge]j[aYdarYg n]ag eYak lYj\]+
H]mk Yf^alja]k([a]flaklYk\] [gjYg( [gehj]]f\aYe
im] g ljYZYd`g\]
h]kimakY]fngdn] me _jYf\] ]d]e]flg \] k]j]f\aha\Y\]( im] hg\] j]f*
\]j ^jmlgk\]k\] im] k] kYaZY
imYflg g f]_[ag hg\] k]j k]j]f\ahalgkg
] im] ]d] k]bY]kljmlmjY\g ]e lgjfg \]kk] ^Ylg+J QaY_jY(im] em\gm
Yh]jkh][lanY e]flYd ] YkljY\a]k kg[aYak\] `ge]fk Yhgk]flY\gk( ]jY
hYjYk]j meY \jg_Y [gfljY Y`ah]jl]fkg+ JmljY \jg_Y [gfljY `ah]jl]fkg
d]ngmYme e]\a[Ye]flg
hYjYg [j]k[ae]flg [YhadYj+
H]m Yea_g =jm[]
Bgd\Z]j_( im] [gehj]]f\]
YYd]Ylgja]\Y\]( [`YeY ]kkYkYhda[Y]kk]*
[mf\}jaYk fg afl]f[agfYak \] !imafYk!+@fimYflg emalgk k] hj]g[mhYe
[ge [gfk]if[aYk fg afl]f[agfYak( Yn]flmj]ajgk l][fgd_a[gk hjgkh]*
jYe _jYYkY]dYk+
< [gehYf`aY \] Zagl][fgdg_aYhYj][aYk]_majaehda[alYe]fl]( eYk fg
]phda[alYe]fl]( g Y\}_ag\] GgmakKYkl]mjkgZj] [jaYj Ykgjl] hgj e]ag \Y
kaehd]k ]phgkag Y]dY+!< kgjl] ^Yngj][] gk hj]hYjY\gk!( \akk] KYkl]mj(
]( [geg lg\gk gk _jYf\]k h]k[gZja\gj]k( ]d] kYZaY
Yd_gkgZj] \]k[gZ]jlYk
Y[a\]flYak+< e]d`gj eYf]ajY \] k] ]phgj Yge}paeg [gflafmYj h]kima*
kYf\g+ >gd][agf] ghgjlmfa\Y\]k * ^YdYj]a
kgZj] akkgeYak Y\aYfl]+
[YmkY\Ykhgj me hjg[]kkg k]e hjghkalg+ HYk \a^[adgd`Yj hYjYme [gehmlY\gj gm hYjY
me [Yjjg ] [gfka\]j}*DYk j]kmdlY\gk \] hjg[]kkgk k]e hjghkalg+ HYk akkgim] kg+
B @e Yd_mfkl]kl]k ]k[gdYj]k fgk @klY\gkPfa\gk
Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg mladarY\YhYjY
_jY\mYj g \]k]eh]f`g
\gk Ydmfgk+J ]klm\Yfl] [mbg\]k]eh]f`g
]e meY hjgnY lg Zge
Yhgflg \] g hjg^]kkgj fg \Yj kmYfglY ZYk]Y\g fY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg [`YeY\g \]
\]kljma\gj \] [mjnYk#HKRR'I[X\K
H[YZKXU[kaehd]ke]fl]
I[X\K H[YZKX&
]e af_dk&+%I+JU A($

>XK\KX
G K^VGTYdU
JK[SG ZKITURUMOG
OSVROIG
TGVXK\OYdU
JK [S MXGTJK
KRK'
SKTZUJKSUJOYSUYKIUTZbMOUY
YUIOGOY&
im] j]ka\]e ^gjY\Y mlada\Y\]gZb]lanY
\Y hjhjaYl][fgdg_aY%hj]kmeaf\g im] ]paklYme YfaeYd[`YeY\g mlada\Y*
\] gZb]lanY&+
LmYflYka\aYkeYjYnad`gkYe]fl] l]akl]jeafYjYe fg []ea*
ljag( [geg YN]_oYq(meY dYeZj]lY]dlja[Yim]( ^gahjg^]larY\g( em\YjaY
Yegj^gdg_aY\Yk[a\Y\]k( ] emalYkgmljYk+
@fimYflg ]k[j]naYe]flYde]fl]
]klYkhYdYnjYk(
na meY [YhY\Y j]naklYAOSKY]e meY ZYf[Yfg Y]jghgjlg
Yfmf[aYf\g Yk!afn]f]k ka_fa^a[YlanYk!
\g Yfg+@kkYk
afn]f]k hYj][]*
jYe ka_fa^a[YlanYk
fY \YlY\Y ]\ag \Y j]naklYgm lYdn]r\mjYfl] Yk\mYk
k]eYfYkk]_mafl]k+EgjfYdaklYk
hg\]e fgk ]fkafYj [geg TdUYhj]f\]j+

Dkkgfgk d]nYYg YlYim]\] Naj?gclgj Kjg^]kkgj FYjdMYaemf\ Kghh]j

[gfljY g `aklgja[akeg+ >geg \akk] fg >Yhlmdg2( ]kk] ^gak]mafka_`l eYak
ka_fa^a[Ylang(
hgje [gflafmY k]f\g g e]fgk [gf`][a\g+ K]kkgYkim] fg
[gf`][]e
j]Yde]fl] k]mljYZYd`gl]f\]e Yk] [gf[]fljYj fY ^Ydka^a[Yg
hghh]jaYfY( im] YZgj\YYn]ja^a[Yggmfg*n]ja^a[Yg \] Yd]_Y]k+
J
^g[g gZk[mj][] kmYa\aY[]fljYd7 ]d] ^]r \g []la[akeg me SfZUJU&ljYfk*
^gjegm g [la[g ]e Yd_me[gfkljmlang+
<kkae [geg FYjdHYjp ]k[j]n]m( [ge _jYf\] ajjalYg(meY \aYlja*
Z] [`YeY\Y 0 SOYfXOGJG LORUYULOG
]e j]khgklY Y0 LORUYULOG
JG SOYfXOG&
\] Kjgm\`gf( Kghh]j( ajjalY\g [ge Yd_mfk^adkg^gk\] k]m l]ehg im]
Y[j]\alYnYe fY [gehj]]fkg [a]fl^a[Y\Y `akljaY(]k[j]n]m( [geg meY
hYj\aY(0 SOYfXOG
JU NOYZUXOIOYSU
%im]^galjY\mra\g [geg 0 VUHXK`GJU
NOYZUXOIOYSU$(
n
J afka_`l \] Kghh]j \ar j]kh]alg |k daealY]kfYkhj]nak]k \] ]n]flgk
`aklja[gk ] | f][]kka\Y\] \] k] \aeafmaj Yaehgjl~f[aY \] }j]Yk!d]n]k!(
[geg Y`akljaY] Yk[af[aYk kg[aYak(
Yme fn]d me hgm[g Y[aeY \g \Y
]klla[Y ] \g ]flj]l]fae]flg(
[geg [gd][agfYj ZgjZgd]lYkgm eg]\Yk+
%Kghh]j(l]f\g j][]Za\g meY ]\m[Yg na]f]fk] ljY\a[agfYd(fg [`]_gm
lg dgf_]8 ]m [`]_g+ @mkgm\] <eagmf+&J im] [`YeYegk Yima\] [af*
[aYk`aklja[Ykd]n]kkg ]klm\gk im] \]h]f\]e
\Y fYjjYlanY+
G]eZj]*k] im] naegk fg >Yhlmdg1 [geg <d_Yr]d] <n]jjg]k ljg[YjYe afkmdlgkhgj afl]j*
e\ag \] llmdgk\] danjgk+OYdn]r Yd_me \aY ]m l]f`Y kgjl] km^a[a]fl] hYjYd]j me YlYim] Y
]kl] danjg ]e meY \aYljaZ] aflalmdY\YJ IOYTKHXGTIU(

g Yj_me]flg

[]fljYd \] Kghh]j im]( hYjYim] k] hgkkYhj]n]j ]n]f*

lgk `aklja[gk( f][]kk}jag hj]n]j afgnY]kl][fgd_a[Yk( g im] hgj kak
^mf\Ye]flYde]fl] aehj]nakn]d+
!Amf\Ye]flYde]fl]!
aehj]nakn]d; @phda[Yj]ag im] ]d] im]j \ar]j
mkYf\g me eg\]dg eg\]jfg+ >gfka\]j] Yk]_mafl] hjghja]\Y\] \g [g*
f`][ae]flg7 k] ]kh]jY kYZ]jGSGTNd [ge []jl]rY im] k]mfYegjY\g n]e
ljYaf\g ng[ `} l]ehgk( ]flg ng[ kYZ]NUPK
[ge []jl]rY im] k]mfYeg*
jY\g Y]kl} ljYaf\g ] Y_aj}NUPK&
\a_Yegk( h]_Yf\g me hYj \] l]kgmjYk]
[gjlYf\g jYangkYe]fl] lg\Yk Yk_jYnYlYkA]jjY_Yeg \]d]+ Qg[ fg \ar
hYjYkae]keY !Dkkg g im] \]k[gZjaj]a YeYf`( eYk `gb] \a^]j]fl](
]flg a_fgjYj]a Y af^gjeYg ] l]j]a me bYflYjY_jY\}n]d!+@kk]hgflg
hg\] k]j _]f]jYdarY\g Ylg\Yk Yk^gjeYk \] [gf`][ae]flg+
IY n]j\Y\](
]pakl] meY d]afg jYeg \Y ]klYlkla[Y
[`YeY\Y \] RKO
JGYK^VKIZGZO\GY
XKO'
ZKXGJGY&
im] \]k[j]ng Yima]e kmY^gjeY eYak ^gjl]7 k] l]f`g ]kh]jYfY
\] ]kh]jYj Yd_meY[gakY]e Yd_meY\YlYfg ^mlmjg(]flg b}Y_mYj\g]kkY
[gakYfg hj]k]fl]+
>gfka\]j] fgnYe]fl] Y jg\Y+ N] ng[ me h]fkY\gj `aklja[g \Y
D\Y\] \Y K]\jY Y im]e h]\]e im] hj]n]bY g ^mlmjg]e me j]dYljag
[gehd]lg hYjYg hdYf]bY\gj ljaZYdhjaf[ahYd(ng[ hj][akY hjgb]lYj Yaf*
n]fg \Y jg\Y gmh]j\]j} hjYla[Ye]fl] lg\Y YYg+<_gjY( k] ng[ hg\]
hjg^]larYj Yafn]fg \Y jg\Y( b}kYZ]imYd YYhYjf[aY\] meY jg\Y ](
hgjlYflg( b}YGHKIUSU [gfkljmaj meY jg\Y( ]flg b}]kl} ]f[Yeaf`Y\g+ J
>akf] I]_jg hj][akYk]j hj]naklg
HYk ]pakl] meY ^gjeY eYak ^jY[Y\]kkY d]a\g [gf`][ae]flg
j]al]jY*
\g+ @dY
hg\] k]j j]\a_a\Y \Y k]_mafl] ^gjeY7 VGXGW[KUL[Z[XUYKPG
IUS'
VXKKTJOJU
GVUTZUJK W[KYKYKPG
IGVG`JK VXK\g'8G&
f TKIKYYbXOU
OTIUXVUXGX
KRKSKTZUY
JKYYKL[Z[XU(N] ng[ kYZ]Yj]kh]alg \Y \]k[gZ]jlY im] ^Yj}fg
^mlmjg(]flg b}imYk]Y^]r+Kj]kmeY im] ng[ k]bYme Y[Y\ea[g ]kh]*
[aYdfg ?]hYjlYe]flg \]$ Kj]nak]k \Y Pfan]jka\Y\] H]\a]nYd( ]kh][aY*
darY\gfY hjgb]g \Y `akljaY^mlmjY%hYjY
fgkkgk hjghkalgk( g j]eglg
k[mdgSS&+Qg[ hj][akYjaYlghYj [ge Ykafn]f]k \Y e}imafY YnYhgj(
\Y ]d]lja[a\Y\]( \Y ZgeZY Ylea[Y] \Y Dfl]jf]l( Ykkae[geg \Y afklalma*
g \Y eYkkY_]e YZgj\g \] Yna]k] Yim]dYYlana\Y\]]kljYf`Y [`YeY\Y
j]mfag \] f]_[agk( fY imYd`ge]fk Z]e Ydae]flY\gk( eYk k]\]fl}*
jagk(j]kljaf_]e ngdmflYjaYe]fl] YhjhjaY [aj[mdYgkYf_mf]Y[ge me
YhYj]d`g[Yjg [`YeY\g _jYnYlY+

* @kkY
af[YhY[a\Y\] fg ljanaYd+
J kaehd]k [gf`][ae]flg
\] im] Yd_g
^gaafn]flY\g [gklmeY d]nYjYmeY kja] \] af7]f+]k\] sYlmj]rYkasadYj7
Yh]kYj\] f]f`me \]lYd`] \Y afn]fg l]j ks\g \dkk]esfYsg * fYg `Y
f][]kka\Y\] \] ]f[gfljYj gk ]kha]k ] ]f^gj[Y*Dgk]e hmZdD[g+
IY eYl]*
e}la[Y( meY n]r im] YhjgnY \] me l]gj]eY Yj[Yfg Yfmf[aY\Y(l]kl]*
emf`Yegk ^j]i]fl]e]fl]
Yhjgda^]jYg\] hjgnYkkaeadYj]kim] kmj*
]e \g fY\Y( [ge Y[mkY]k
g[YkagfYak\] nYrYe]flgk \] af^gjeY]k
s \] hd}_ag+Kg\] k]j im] fg `YbYhd}_agYd_me7Yaf^gjeYg \] im] Y
kgdmg]pakl] ( hgj kak( meY _jYf\] hYjl] \Y kgdmg+
K]dYe]keY d_a[Y(fg kgegk ^Y[ade]fl] [YhYr]k\] [gf[]Z]j afn]f]k
^mlmjYk
%[Ykgg ^kk]egk(]dYkb}l]jaYe ka\g afn]flY\Yk&+
Ig \aY ]e im]
^gjegk [YhYr]k\] hj]n]j afn]f]k( ]klYj]egk nan]f\g ]e me ]klY\g ]e
im] lm\g [gf[]Zn]d b}l]j} ka\g afn]flY\g+ IgkkY hjhjaY [gf\ag ljYr |
e]fl] Y`akljaYYh[ja^Y\] .566 ]e im] g [`]^] \g ]k[jaljag \] hYl]fl]k
\gk @klY\gkPfa\gk h]\am \]eakkg hgj [gfka\]jYj im] fg j]klYnYfY\Y
eYakYk]j \]k[gZ]jlg * k im] f]kk] \aYY\]eakkg k]jaYbmkla^a[Y\Y7
Kghh]j fg ^gag hjae]ajg Yhjg[mjYj gk daeal]k \] fgkkg [gf`][a*
e]flg+ IY <d]eYf`Y( fg ^ae \g k[mdgSDS( @ead\m =gak*M]qegf\
Yd]_gmim] OMTUXGS[Y
KZOMTUXGHOS[Y
' kgegk a_fgjYfl]k ] Ykkaeh]j*
eYf][]j]egk+ Kgj imYdim]jjYrg( kmYka\aYk[YjYe fg ]kim][ae]flg+
HYkfg Yfl]k \] [YmkYj]emeY j]Yg7g eYl]e}la[g ?Yna\ CadZ]jl \]*
[a\am \]kY^a}*Dg
]dYZgjYf\g meY daklY\] hjgZd]eYk im] gk eYl]e}la[gk
hj][akYjaYe j]kgdn]j fg \][gjj]j \g k[mdgk]_mafl]+
<l =gak*M]qegf\ ]klYnY]jjY\g+ Ig kgegk Zgfk f]e e]keg ]e
[gehj]]f\]j
g af[gehj]]fkn]d+ >gfka\]j] YkY^ajeY]kim] ^Yr]egk
kgZj] [gakYkim] fmf[Y kYZ]j]egk * kmZ]klaeYegk [gf^aYfl]e]fl] g
[gf`][ae]flg
im] hg\]j]egk Y\imajaj fg ^mlmjg+<m_mkl]>gel]( ^mf*
\Y\gj \Y ]k[gdY\g hgkalanakeg(im] %afbmklYe]fl]&Y[mkY\Y\] Zmk[Yj
Y[a]flarYg \] lm\g im] n( \][dYjgm im] Y`meYfa\Y\] h]jeYf][]jaY
]l]jfYe]fl]
a_fgjYfl] \Y [gehgkag imea[Y \Yk ]klj]dYk^apYk+
HYk(
[geg j]dYlgm>`Yjd]k NYf\]jk K]aj[]( !Y laflY eYd k][YjYfY h}_afY ae*
hj]kkYimYf\g g ]kh][ljgk[hag ^ga\]k[gZ]jlg ] Yimadgim] k] [gfka\]jY*

OYakYd]_Y]kfg kg af[gemfk+ Kgj ]p]ehdg( g ^ka[g<dZ]jl Ha[`]dkgf aeY_afgm( hj*

paeg \g ^ae \g k[mdg SDS( im] g im] j]klYnYhgj k]j \]k[gZ]jlg hgj fk fYk [af[aYk \Y
fYlmj]rY fg hYkkYnY\] meY kaflgfaY ^afY \] fgkkYk hj][ak]k ]e meY im]klg \] [YkYk
\][aeYak+

nYYZkgdmlYe]fl] af[gehj]]fkn]d ]klYnYhj]kl]k Yk]j \]k[gZ]jlg!+ Djg*

fa[Ye]fl]( YkgmljYkhjgb]]k \] >ge l]( im] ljYlYnYe\g im] najYegk
YkYZ]jkgZj] gk e][Yfakegk \Y kg[a]\Y\]( ^gjYe _jgkk]ajYe]fl] * ]
h]ja_gkYe]fl] * kmh]jnYdgjarY\Yk+
@d]hj]kmeam im] Ykg[a]\Y\] k]jaY
[geg me j]d_ag im] j]n]dYjaYk]mkk]_j]\gk hYjYfk+
M]kmeaj]a Yimae]m Yj_me]flg7 ^Yr]j hj]nak]k ]pa_] [gf`][ae]flg
kgZj] l][fgdg_aYkim] k]jg \]k[gZ]jlYk fg ^mlmjg+HYklYd[gf`][ae]f*
lg ajaYh]jealaj imYk] YmlgeYla[Ye]fl] im] [ge]}kk]egk Y \]k]f*
ngdn]j ]kkYkl][fgdg_aYk ae]\aYlYe]fl]+ KgjlYflg( fg kYZ]egk g im]
kYZ]j]egk+
<d_meYk h]kkgYk hg\]e \ar]j im] g Yj_me]flg( j]\a_a\g \]kkY
^gjeY( hYj][] Znag( im] k]ehj] h]fkYegk im] Ylaf_aegk g [gf`]*
[ae]flg \]^afalang( eYk fg h]j[]Z]egk im] Ykkg[a]\Y\]k hYkkY\Yk
\Yk imYakjaegk lYeZe h]fkYjYe \Y e]keY ^gjeY+ H]m Yj_me]flg
ljanaYd(]flg hgj im] fg g d]nYegk ]e [gfka\]jYg; < j]khgklY ]kl}
]e meY hYlgdg_aY\Y fYlmj]rY `meYfY+ Qg[ k] d]eZjY \Yk \ak[mkk]k
hka[gd_a[YkkgZj] YYkkae]ljaYfY h]j[]hg \] `YZada\Y\]k\g [Yhlmdg
Yfl]jagj; Q]egk \]^]algk fgk gmljgk( eYk fg ]e fk e]kegk+ HYak
meY n]r( hYj][] im] kgegk eYjYnad`gkgk [ge e][Yfakegk \] Ymlg*
]f_YfYg+

Fa`e\Xgd ^XbdaYXeeXgdAX`d\ Ia\`VTd{* Iad T^Zg_ _af\ha* `ya YTlX_ _T\e XeeXf\ba WX
bX`eTWad* 2UXZKYOG
JG BTO\KXYOZf
<GTI_'+(

08\=47,

-96,

/0 -463,<

me (h]f*
C]ff +K-. $f[Yj]$( Yh]kYj\Y ^YeY( j]_mdYje]fl] [gfka\]jY\g
(
+
l$^a[gkmZ]klaeY\g
naklg
im]
d]ngmimYk]me
k][mdgYl]
im]
kY\gj >d]f .
$+
+
(+
\ kmYka\aYk^gkk]e Yhj][DY\Yk+
Yd_meYk]
+( @d]lYdn]rl]f`Y +kD\gg mdlDeg
_jYf \ ]e++Yl]e}la[g h]fkYfl] %gmhgkkDn]de]fl] g [gfljYfg( me h]fkY*
(
N]ehj] im] n]Eg meY [YeDk]lY[ge g j]ljYlg \g+ d>J*
X
(
\ gj eY l]e}la[g&+
f] eg\]jfg <dZ]jl @afkl]af(fg [gfka_g \]apYj \] hsfkYj ]e KJddd[Yj]
X @afkl]af \a_fg \] fgkkYj]n]jf[aY( eYk lajgmePdlgk gmljgk \] k]mk
\]na\gk dm_Yj]k+
@pakl]hgmimkkaeg]khYg]e fgkkY[gfk[af[aY8 d}]e
[aeY( g n]f[]\gj ^a[Y[ge lm\g+
)=;FIF

$' =JK@CF
<9 4=I;=@I9 2=GZ:C@;9

M]halgim] Kgaf[Yj ]kl} ]e meY [dYkk]fa[Y+G]eZjg*e] \] e]m hYa

j][ge]f\Yj gk ]fkYagk\] Kgaf[Yj fg Yh]fYkh]dg [gfl]\g [a]fl^a[g(
eYk lYeZe h]dYimYda\Y\]\Y hjgkY]e ^jYf[k+J _jYf\] e]klj] ]k[j]n]m
]kkYkeYjYnad`Yk[geg Yjla_gk]e kja] ] gk [gehk [geg \ak[mjkgk]p*
l]ehgj~f]gk+ >geg ]e lg\Y gZjY*hjaeY(]f[gfljY*k] meY[geZafYg \]
j]h]la]k(\a_j]kk]k(lm\g im] me ]\algj k]e [jaYlana\Y\][ge meYe]fl]
hj][gf\a[agfY\Y [gf\]fYjaY * eYk ]kkYk[gakYklgjfYe g l]plg Yaf\YeYak
d]_n]d\]na\g YmeY [gfkaklf[aY\] h]fkYe]flg emalg kda\Y+
Kgaf[Yj ljYfk^gjegm*k] ]e me ]fkYklYhjgd^a[g]e lgjfg \] k]mk
0- Yfgk+@d]hYj][aYl]j hj]kkY] egjj]m hj]eYlmjYe]fl]( Ygk25 Yfgk8
laf`Y lYflYhj]kkYim] fg k] \]m YgljYZYd`g\] [gjja_aj ]jjgk _jYeYla*
[Yak] \] lahg_jY^aY
]e k]ml]plg( f]e e]keg \]hgak \] \]l][l}*Dgk( hgak
[gfka\]jYnY akkgme _jYf\] eYm mkg\] k]ml]ehg+ Ig k] ^Yr]e eYak
_fagk Ykkae* gmfg gk \]apYe eYak]k[j]n]j \Y hjhjaY eYf]ajY+
< j]hmlYg \] Kgaf[Yj [geg h]fkY\gj \akkahgm*k]jYha\Ye]fl] \]*
hgak\] kmYegjl]+ < a\aY\]d] im] fgk afl]j]kkY d]ngmimYk]me k[mdg
hYjYj]kkmj_aj(eYk \] gmljY^gjeY+Agaj]Yde]fl] me _jYf\] ]jjg fg l]j
da\g k]mk]fkYagkfY af^~f[aY(hgak fg eY_akljYd:G YIOKTIKKZR"N_VUZNKYK&
\]k[gZja eYaklYj\]( ]d] \]hj][aY ]f]j_a[Ye]fl] g mkg\Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY
\] kafg+
M]h]laj]a im] Kgaf[Yj ]jY \g lahg \] ^adkg^g\Y [af[aY n]j\Y\]ajg7
k]m^adgkg^Yj
naf`Y \g l]kl]emf`g \gk daeal]k \g hjhjag Ykkmflg(im]
Y]kkf[aY\Y ^adgkg^aY
n]j\Y\]ajY+ <\gjg af[geg\Yj afl]d][lmYakdal]j}jagk

^jYf[]k]k [alYf\g Kgaf[Yj [geg e]m ^adkg^g^jYf[k ^Yngjalg+!4RK&

LORi'
YULU/J W[KW[KXJO`KX&
SUTYOK[X/!q k]ehj] ^jmkljYfl] ]phda[Yj|k h]kkgYk
im] gk h]fkY\gj]k im] ]dYk[gdg[Ye fgk h]\]klYak( [geg C]fja =]j_kgf
gm E]Yf*KYmd
NYjlj]( kg ]e ZgYhYjl] j]kmdlY\g\Y eg\Y ] fg hg\]e
[`]_Yj h]jlg \] Kgaf[Yj ]e l]jegk \Y hmjYaf^dmf[aY(im] [gflafmYj}
Yaf\Yhgj k[mdgk+
IY n]j\Y\]( `} Yimag ]k[~f\Ydg \Y hj]nakg( b}im]
g Hafakljag \] @\m[YgIY[agfYd ^jYf[k im] \][a\] im]e ^adkg^g]
imYak^adkg^gk
\]n]e k]j ]klm\Y\gk+
@klgmgd`Yf\g hYjYg j]ljYlg \] Kgaf[Yj+@d]]jY me [YnYd`]ajghY*
lj[ag \Y O]j[]ajY M]hZda[Y^jYf[]kY(ZYjZY\g([gjhmd]flg ] aehgf]fl](
me `ge]e im] nanaY] j]khajYnYY[af[aY _]jYd(YfYdakYnY
hjg^mf\Ye]f*
l] k]mkl]eYk ] hgkkmY
me [gf`][ae]flg
af[jan]de]fl] YZjYf_]fl]+ @d]
^gahYjl] \Y [dYkk]\] eYf\Yjafk im] [gfimaklYjYe j]kh]alYZada\Y\]fg
^ae \g k[mdgSDS7[dYkk]e\aY YdlY(
hg\]jgkg( eYk fg ]p[]kkanYe]fl]
ja[g+N]mhYa]jY e\a[g ] hjg^]kkgj \] e]\a[afY( g lag ]jY me [a]flaklY]
Y\eafakljY\gj hjg]eaf]fl]
] g hjaeg MYqegf\ lgjfgm*k] me \gk hj]*
ka\]fl]k \Y M]hZda[Y\Y AjYfY+
<im]d]k ]jYe gk \aYk]e im] gk f]lgk
\] `ge]fk \] f]_[agk ] \] hjghja]l}jagk \] l]jjY ja[gk k]_maYeYkhjg*
^akk]kafl]d][lmYak+
Ig ]flYflg( fg [gfka_g aeY_af}*Dg\] [Yeak]lY gm[gdg[Yf\g Ydf*
_mY\] ^gjY[geg fg ^Yegkg j]ljYlg \] @afkl]af+@pakl]Yd_g\] kjag f]d](
me lahg \] \a_fa\Y\]$ Yg]kladg\Y O]j[]ajY M]hZda[Y+
@e k]m l]ehg( Kgaf[Yj ]jY [gfka\]jY\g g j]a \Y eYl]e}la[Y ] \Y
[af[aY( ]p[]lg( [dYjg(hgj Yd_mfkeYl]e}la[gk \] e]fl] ]klj]alY [geg
>`Yjd]k C]jeal]( im] g [gfka\]jYnY aflmalang\]eYak( afl]d][lmYd\]eYak
gmeYl]eYla[Ye]fl] hgm[g ja_gjgkg+LmYf\g eYl]e}la[gk mkYeg l]j*
eg !hgm[g ja_gjgkg!( [jala[Ye]fl]( ]e j]dYg YgljYZYd`g\] Yd_me(
akkgka_fa^a[Yim] Yh]kkgYhgkkma7
Y&h]j[]hg( Z&j]Ydakeg([&Yd_gY\a*
r]j( ] ka_fa^a[Y
im] \& ]kls []jlY hgjim] akkgim] gk [jla[gk \ar]e imYf*
\g fg ]f[gfljYe fY\Y eYakf]_Ylang+Pe Y[]fg \] [YZ]Y\] Kgaf[Yj
^YraYgm\]kljmYmeY [Yjj]ajY+HmalgkYd]_Yeim] Kgaf[Yj \]k[gZjam Y
j]dYlana\Y\]Yfl]k \] @afkl]af* ] im] @afkl]afh]_gm Ya\aY\]d] *( eYk
im] fg \]m emalYaehgjl~f[aY Y]dY+@kkYk
Yd]_Y]kkg( fYlmjYde]fl](
^]alYkh]dgk ^jYf[]k]k( eYk hYj][] `Yn]j Yd_meYnYda\Yghgj hYjl] \]
<ZjY`Ye KYak(Yea_g ] Za_jY^g\] @afkl]af+Kgaf[Yj ]jY Yjaklg[j}la[g
\]eYak lYflg hgj ]\m[Yg imYflg hgj l]eh]jYe]flg
hYjYj][dYeYj Y
hgkk] \] me j]kmdlY\g+

(
]$]$]kk]f[aYdhYjY]kl] [Yhlmdg
hgjim] nan]m]e meY hg[Y ]e
hge[Yj
( $
( ` egk gZla\g me hjg_j]kkg afl]d][lmYd]plj]eYe]fl]
jYhd\g fgk
im] le Y j]nakg* h]fk] fY e][~e[Y( [] B
$Yd< j]ng DmYg
* [d]fld
$ #Y\
]kld+
[Y
[Yehgk \ YK
(
X
m]k]flkk]egk im] le`Yegk ]e eYgk ^]jjYe]flYk im] fgk h]j*
^]r [ge i
!
\
$\ J
$
( $$
ehj]]f\]j
g ^mlmjg< e[]jl]rY `YQDY]kYhYj][dg+ men]j*
edldfYe [g
$+
(
j]d_ag] ]klm\Yf\g g eJQDe]flg \Ykh]Yk(hg\]fYegk
kg]jY [ge J me
$
V*
$]$g*]k
\g
^mlmjg@jY
Yh]fYkmeY im]klg \] [gdg[Yjfg hYh]dgk
dYr]jhjgE
+
eg\]dgk []jlgk ] ^Yr]j[ge im] gk ]f_]f`]ajgk ]p][mlYkk]e gk [}d[mdgk+
J
^mlmjg]jY e]jY ]pl]fkg \] fgkkYk[]jl]rYk l][fgd_a[Yk+

'

GIF:C=D9

<FJ KIXJ ;FIGFJ

Kgaf[Yj ^ga g hjae]ajg eYl]e}la[g [gf`][a\g \] hjae]ajg ]k[Ydg Y

[gehj]]f\]j
] Y]phda[Yjim] ]pakl]e daeal]k ^mf\Ye]flYak ]e fgkkYk
]imY]k+@d]afljg\mram Ykfg daf]Yja\Y\]k( h]im]fgk ]^]algk im] hg*
\]e d]nYjY[gfk]if[aYk _jYn]k(a\aYim]( eYak lYj\]( lgjfgm*k] hg*
hmdYj(lYdn]rme hgm[g hghmdYj\]eYak( [ge g fge] \] l]gjaY \g [Ygk+
J im] `} \] lg eYda_fg f]kkY hghmdYja\Y\]; < im]klg im] lg\g g
gZb]lang\] Kgaf[Yj kgZj] gk daeal]k im] Ykfg daf]Yja\Y\]k aeh]e
|k hj]nak]k8]d]kfg kg me [gfnal] Ygmkg\] l[fa[Yk eYl]e}la[Yk hYjY
Y]dYZgjYg\] hj]nak]k YehdaY\Yk+
< eYl]e}la[Y hg\] ]paZaj gk k]mk
hjhjagk daeal]k emalg [dYjYe]fl]+
@pakl]%[geg \] [gklme]& me ]d]e]flg \g af]kh]jY\g f]kkY`akljaY+
Kgaf[Yj( afa[aYde]fl]( j]khgf\]m Y meY [geh]lag gj_YfarY\Y h]dg
eYl]e}la[g BgklYHallY_*G]^^]jhYjY[]d]ZjYj g 3-u Yfan]jk}jag \g j]a
Jk[Yj \Y Nm[aY+
J l]plg \] Kgaf[Yj( im] ]jY kgZj] Y]klYZada\Y\]\g
kakl]eYkgdYj(j][]Z]m g hjeag( im] ]jY YeYakYdlY
`gfjYjaY [a]fl^a[YfY
hg[Y %hgakYim]d]k]jYe gk \aYk^]dar]kYfl]jagj]k YgKjeag IgZ]d&+Ig
]flYflg( kmj_amme hjgZd]eY imYf\g me ]\algj eYl]e}la[g( [gf^]jaf\g
g l]plg Yfl]k \] hmZda[}*Dg(
h]j[]Z]m im] `YnaYme ]jjg \] [}d[mdgim](
Yhkk]j [gfka\]jY\g( d]ngm| [gf[dmkg ghgklY* aehj]nakaZada\Y\]gm(
eYak l][fa[Ye]fl]( fg*afl]_jYZada\Y\]+J l]plg ^ga\ak[j]lYe]fl] j]la*
jY\g ] j]hmZda[Y\g[]j[Y \] me Yfg \]hgak+
J jY[ag[fag\] Kgaf[Yj ]jY kaehd]k7imYf\g k] ^Yr]e hjgb]]k hYjYg
^mlmjg(hg\]*k] f][]kkalYj \] meY imYfla\Y\] [j]k[]fl] \] hj][akg Y[]j*
[Y\Y \af~ea[Y \g hjg[]kkg im] k] ]kl} eg\]dYf\g( b}im] YlYpY\] ]jjg
Yme]flY emalg j}ha\g+ J hjgZd]eY im] YimYk]hj][akg fg hgkkn]d(

meY n]r im] Y\]_jY\Yg \Y hj]nakg Yme]flY \] j]h]fl] * ^afYde]f*

l]( k]jaYf][]kk}jag \][a^jYj g hYkkY\g [ge hj][akg af^afalY+Kgaf[Yj \]*
egfkljgm akkg]e me [Ykg emalg kaehd]k( [gf`][a\g
[]d]Zj]e]fl]
[geg
!g hjgZd]eY \] ljk [gjhgk!+ N] k ]pakl]e \gak hdYf]lYk ]e me kakl]eY
kgdYj([ge fY\Y eYak Y^]lYf\g k]m [mjkg( ]flg hg\] k]j hgkkn]dhj]n]j
af\]^afa\Ye]fl]
g [gehgjlYe]flg
\]d]k( k]e ]k^gjg+HYk Y[j]k[]fl] me
l]j[]ajg [gjhg * me [ge]lY( hgj ]p]ehdg * emalg h]im]fg ]flj] gk
hdYf]lYk+Dfa[aYde]fl]( g l]j[]ajg [gjhg fg _]jYj} f]f`meY hj]kkg( eYak
lYj\]( [ge g hYkkYj\g l]ehg( k]mk]^]algk kgZj] gk \gak gmljgk [gjhgk hg*
\]e k]j ]phdgkangk+AafYde]fl]( h]im]fYk \a^]j]fYk fY dg[YdarYg\]kk]
[gjhg \aeafmlg \alYjg g ^mlmjg\gk hdYf]lYk_a_Yfl]k[gk+

N_ Wae^X\fadXe
WXg_ dTeVg`[a WXefX^\hda(=Th\W<aiT`( YXlZdTV\aeT_X`fX XefXWXeX`[a dXbdXeX`)
fT`Wa T W\ebXdeya(cgX _aefdT Va_a( `a eXZg`Wa eT^fa(hTd\TzXe`T Va`W\zya \`\V\T^baWX_ ^XhTd
T dXeg^fTWae
XjfdX_T_X`fX W\hXdZX`fXe*
w _XW\WTcgX T \_bdXV\eya \`\V\T^Wa x`Zg^a _g^f\b^\VTWT(
VTWTeT^faTW\V\a`T^eXdwT\`WT _T\e T_b^\TWa*BeeaZXdTg_ ZdThXXYX\fa_g^f\b^\VTf\ha`a cgT^ ae Xddae
VdXeVX_WXebdabadV\a`T^_X`fX*

PeY \a^a[md\Y\] ]phdgkanY\] k] ^Yr]j hj]nak]k kmj_] YhYjlaj \] [gehda*

[Y]k emalg kmlakfY e][~fa[Y+ Igkkg emf\g( af^]dare]fl]( emalg eYak
[gehda[Y\g \g im] g hjgZd]eY \] ljk [gjhgk8 ]d] [gfle emalg eYak \g
im] ljk gZb]lgk+@klYegk da\Yf\g [ge g im] Y_gjY [`YeY\g \] kakl]eY
\af~ea[g * ] g emf\g( n]j]egk( me kakl]eY me hgm[g \af~ea[g
\]eYak+

* h]fk] fY \a^a[md\Y\] fY ]dYZgjYg \] hj]nak]k [geg k] ^gkk]e _Y*

d`gk [j]k[]f\g
]e meY }jngj]8 ]pakl] meY emdlahda[Yg \] _Yd`gk fgngk
[Y\Y Za^mj[Yg+KYjYn]jegk [geg fgkkYk aflma]k kgZj] gk ]^]algk
]e mdla da[Ylangkfg daf]Yj]k kg ZYklYfl] ^jY[Yk([gfNd#W
*
[#
]j] Yk]_mel]
dN*
sjaY 8gZj] g lYZmd]ajg\] pY\j]r+ J afn]flgj \g lYZmd]asgs] pY\j]r hs*
\am Yk]_mafl] [geh]fkYg7 me _jg \] Yjjgr hYjYYhfe]djY [YkY(\JDN
hYjYYk]_mf\Y( imYljg hYjYYl]j[]ajY( galg( \]hgak .3 ] Ykkae hgj \aYfl](
\gZjYf\g Y[Y\Y [YkY(31 n]r]k+ J j]a [gf[]\]m*d`]
g h]\a\g( h]fkYf\g
m] g afn]flgj ]klYnYh]\af\g
meY faf`YjaY * eYk dg_g h]j[]Z]m im]
^gjY kmh]jY\g ]e ]kh]jl]rY+ < imYfla\Y\] \] Yjjgr ]p[]\aY lg\Yk Ykj]*
k]jnYkhgkkn]ak\g _jg
@kkY\a^a[md\Y\] emdlahda[YlanYim] d]nY v f][]kka\Y\] \] [Y\Y n]r
eYak hj][akg fYk hj]kkmhgka]k hg\] k]j admkljY\Y[ge g k]_mafl] ]p]j*
[[ag kaehd]k( im] ljYlY \Y hj]nakg \gk egnae]flgk
\] ZgdYk\] Zad`Yj
]e meY e]kY+ @mmkg g ]p]ehdg \Y ^gjeY [geg ^ga [gehmlY\g h]dg
eYl]e}la[g Ha[`Y]d =]jjq+ N] ng[ [gf`][]j
me [gfbmflg Z}ka[g \] hY*
j~e]ljgk j]dYlangk | ZgdY]e j]hgmkg( hm\]j [gehmlYj Y j]kaklf[aY \Y
e]kY %gim] ZYklYfl] ]d]e]flYj& ] hm\]j [Yd[mdYjY ^gjY \g aehY[lg(
]flg emalg ^}[adhj]n]j g im] Y[gfl][]jaY fY hjae]ajY lY[Y\Y+J k]*
_mf\g aehY[lg lgjfY*k] eYak [gehda[Y\g( hgje hgkkn]d8ng[ hj][akY*
jaYk]j eYak [ma\Y\gkg ]e j]dYg Yg [gf`][ae]flg
\gk ]klY\gk afa[aYak(
] f][]kk}jaY meY hj][akg eYagj+ J hjgZd]eY im]( hYjY [gehmlYj
[gjj]lYe]fl]
g fgfg aehY[lg( ng[ hj][akYjaY d]nYj ]e [gflY Y YljYg
_jYnalY[agfYd\] Yd_me im] ]kl]bY\] h YgdY\g \Y e]kY %eg\]klYe]fl](
Yk[gehmlY]k \] =]jjq mkYe me h]kg \] e]fgk \] 42 imadgk&+
@hYjY
[gehmlYj g 23u aehY[lg( [Y\Y hYjl[mdY]d]e]flYj \g mfan]jkg hj][akYjaY
]klYj hj]k]fl] ]e kmYkhj]kkmhgka]k Pe ]dljgf fY Zgj\Y \g mfan]jkg(
Y .- Zad`]k \] Yfgk*dmr \] \akl~f[aY \] fk( hj][akYjaY [gfklYj fgk [}d*
[mdgk(hgak ]p]j[] me ]^]alg ka_fa^a[Ylangfg j]kmdlY\g+<_gjY [gfka\]j] g
h]kg Y\a[agfYd \Y f][]kka\Y\] \] k] af[gjhgjYj hj]nak]k kgZj] UTJKZGOY
\GXOb\KOY
KYZGXdU
TUL[Z[XU(Kj]n]j g egnae]flg
\] meY ZgdY\] Zad`Yj
]e meY e]kY \] kafm[Y j]im]j [gf`][ae]flg
\Y \af~ea[Y \] lg\g g
mfan]jkg( [gfka\]jYf\g
[Y\Y }lgeg Kg\]egk hj]n]j ^Y[ade]fl] gk eg*
nae]flgk \] gZb]lgk _jYf\]k( [geg hdYf]lYk %eYkfg emalg | ^j]fl] fg
^mlmjg&(eYk Yk]fla\Y\]k e]fgj]k
hg\]e k]j \a^[]ak \] k] \][a^jYj * ]
]dYk]pakl]e ]e imYfla\Y\] emalg eYagj+

JZk]jn] im] ]kkY`akljaY \Y ZgdY\] Zad`Yjhj]kme] im] g emf\g k]bY

kaehd]k ] [dYjg8]dYf]e e]keg d]nY]e [gflY Ykdgm[Ykim]kl]k kg[aYak
hgkkan]de]fl] \glY\Yk \] danj]*YjZljag+=gdYk\] Zad`Yj fg h]fkYe hgj
[gflY hjhjaY+ Igkkg ]p]ehdg lYeZe fg d]nY]e [gflY Yj]dYlana\Y\]
f]e ]^]algk im~fla[gk+ OYehgm[g mkYegk Ya\aY %^j]i]fl]e]fl]
afng*
[Y\Y hgj [`YjdYl]k& [`YeY\Y \] !hjaf[hag \Y af[]jl]rY!+ Ig ]klYegk
hj]g[mhY\gk [ge YkdaealY]k \Y hj]nakg ]e e]\a]k ^]alYk]e fn]d
kmZYlea[g+@klYegk da\Yf\g Yh]fYk [ge ZgdYk\] Zad`Yj
@e me kakl]eY \af~ea[g( fg imYdk] [gfka\]jY eYak \g im] meY ZgdY
akgdY\Y(gf\]( \] []jlg eg\g( YkljYb]ljaYk \]h]f\]e
meYk \Yk gmljYk(Y
[YhY[a\Y\] \] k] ^Yr]j hjgb]]k imYflg Yg^mlmjg fg Yh]fYk j]\mra\Y(
hgak ]kl} kmb]alYY meY daealYg ^mf\Ye]flYd+ Kgaf[Yj hjghk im] k
hg\]egk
ljYZYd`Yj [ge im]kl]k imYdalYlanYk
* Yd_meYkhjghja]\Y\]k
\-k kakl]eYk hg\]e k]j JOYI[ZOJGY&
eYk fg [gehmlY\Yk+ Qg[ hg\] h]f*
kYj ja_gjgkYe]fl](
eYk fg hg\] mkYjfe]jgk+ Kgaf[Yj Yl afn]flgm
me [Yehg hYjY akkg(Yf}dak] OTYOZ[&
`gb] hYjl] \Y lghgdg_aY+AYr]j hj]na*
k]k ] hjgb]]k me f]_[ag emalg eYak [gehda[Y\g \g im] k] Y[]alY
fgjeYde]fl](
eYk hj][akg kYZ]j eYl]e}la[Y hYjY [gehj]]f\]j
]kkY
a\aY+<[]al}*DY]pa_] [gehj]]fkg
] [gjY_]e+
IY \[Y\Y \] .63-( @\oYj\ Ggj]fr( e]l]gjgdg_aklY \g HDO( j]\]k*
[gZjam hgj [gflY hjhjaY gk j]kmdlY\gk \] Kgaf[Yj * \] fgng( hgj Y[a*
\]fl]+ @d]]klYnYhjg\mraf\g
me eg\]dg ]e [gehmlY\gj
\] \af~ea[Y
[dae}la[Y ] j]Ydargm meY kaemdYg im] hjgb]lYnY me kakl]eY [dae}la[g
hYjY Yd_mfk\aYk \]hgak+ HYak lYj\]( l]flgm j]h]laj Y e]keY kaemdYg
[ge ]pYlYe]fl] g e]keg
eg\]dg ] g im] h]fkgm im] ^gkk]e gk e]k*
egk hYj~e]ljgk \] ]fljY\Y( eYk gZl]n] j]kmdlY\gk fglYn]de]fl]
\a*
^]j]fl]k+ < hjaf[hag Ggj]fr YljaZmamYk\a^]j]fYk Y me hjgZd]eY fg
[gehmlY\gj
gm Y me ]jjg \] [}d[mdg+IY hg[Y( [gehmlY\gj]k
]jYe
e}imafYk eYak h]kY\Yk+] eYak d]flYk im] fg _mYj\YnYe k]e]d`YfY
Yd_meY [ge g im] l]egk `gb]( \] ^gjeY im] gk mkm}jagk]jYe k]n]jY*
e]fl]
j]kljaf_a\gk h]dg l]ehg+ Ggj]fr h]j[]Z]m \]hgak im] Y [gfk]*
i]fl]
\an]j_f[aY fgk j]kmdlY\gk fg ]jY ^jmlg \] me ]jjg ] kae \]
me h]im]fg Yjj]\gf\Ye]flg
fgk nYdgj]k \gk hYj~e]ljgk \] ]fljY\Y+
Dkkgk] lgjfgm [gf`][a\g
[geg g ]^]alg ZgjZgd]lY( hgak meY ZgjZgd]lY
ZYl]f\g YkYkYkfY zf\aY hg\]jaY _]jYj me ^mjY[g ]e IgnY Tgjc \gak
Yfgk \]hgak+ <k \]k[gZ]jlYk \] Ggj]fr _]jYjYe afl]j]kk] fg [Yehg \Y
l]gjaY \g [Ygk+

fl] h]kimakY\gj]k ]f[gfljYjYe

Yfl][]\]fl]k
\Y \]k[gZ]jlY
IYlmj Yde]
(
!
* Yh]fYk fY gZjY \] Kgaf[Yj eYk lYeZ]e fY \g h]j[]hldng ]
\] Ggj]fr fYg
+$ E
]k CY\YeYj\ im] h]fkgm kgZj] g e]keg hgflg ]e lgjfg \]
aflPDlaQJ Y[im
(
+
QD$n]m
hgj
eYak
imYk] k]l] \[Y\Yk * ]d] egjj]m Ygk65 Yfgk+$
.565 ] \ ]hgDN
*C=J 9@E<$9@?EFI9D +9O=B
<k \]k[gZ]jlYk \] Kghh]j ] \] Kgaf[Yj daealYe fgkkY [YhY[a\Y\] \] n]j+g
^mlmjg( lgjfYf\g*g me j]^d]pg emalg [gehda[Y\g \g hYkkY\g* [Ykg k]EY
+
e]keg me j]^d]pg \g hYkkY\g+PeY Yhda[Ysgsg\sj+gkY fs esf\g
NJ>DYd
n]e \] me Yea_g \] Naj FYjd( g ][gfgeDklY elelDng Af]\f[`
CYq]c+
CYq]c me \gk jYjgk e]eZjgk []d]ZjY\gk \] kmY!hjg^akkg! %YgdY\g \]
E+H+ F]qf]k ] B+G+N+N`Y[cd]&Y[gf[]fljYj*k] fY af[]jl]rY n]j\Y\]ajY( fYk
daealY]k \g [gf`][ae]flg(
fgk danjgkfg da\gk \Y ZaZdagl][Y\] @[g+
@e .641( CYq]c j][]Z]m g Kjeag \] >af[aY @[gfea[Y \g =Yf[g
\Y Nm[aY(]e e]ejaY Y<d^j]\ IgZ]d( eYk ng[ l]j} meY kmjhj]kY k]
d]j k]m \ak[mjkg \] j][]hg \g hjeag+ @dgi]fl]e]fl]
aflalmdY\g !<
Kj]l]fkg \g >gf`][ae]flg!(
]d] ZYka[Ye]fl] afkmdlYnYgmljgk ][gfg*
eaklYk ] Y a\aY \g hdYf]bY\gj+ CYq]c Yj_me]flgm [gfljY Y mladarYg
\] ^]jjYe]flYk \] [af[aY hmjY fYk [af[aYk kg[aYak* ] \] eg\g \]hja*
e]fl]( dg_g Yfl]k \g _jYf\] [j]k[ae]flg
\Y mladarYg\] lYakelg\gk
fY ][gfgeaY+ Kgkl]jagje]fl](
g mkghj]nYd]fl] \] ]imY]k [gehda[Y\Yk
lgjfgm g YeZa]fl] hYjY h]fkY\gj]k ]ehja[gk n]j\Y\]ajgk hagj \g im]
]jY Yfl]k \] CYq]c ]k[j]n]j g \ak[mjkg+ Og\g Yfg kmj_] me Yjla_g gm
danjg im] dYe]flY H \]klafg \Y ][gfgeaY ] j][dYeY kgZj] kmYkl]flYlanYk
\] aealYj Y^ka[Y+
J dlaeg im] na ljYlY \] [geg ][gfgeaklYk \]n]jaYe
Yde]bYj g hYh]d \] ^adkg^gk`mead\]k ]e n]r \g \] kmeg*kY[]j\gl]k+ Ig
]flYflg( Yd_gim] ]fljY hgj me gmna\g ] kYah]dg gmljg+
KYjYCYq]c( meY hj]nakg n]j\Y\]ajY ^]alY gj_Yfa[Ye]fl]
hgj me
kakl]eY( fg hgj \][j]lg+ PeY fa[Y afklalmag( hgj ]p]ehdg( g hdY*
f]bY\gj []fljYd( fg hg\] GMXKMGX
[gf`][ae]flg8
^YdlYjgemalYk h]Yk
aehgjlYfl]k \] af^gjeYg+ HYk Y kg[a]\Y\] [geg me lg\g k]j} [YhYr
\] afl]_jYj Y k]m ^mf[agfYe]flg
]kkYkedlahdYk h]Yk \] af^gjeYg+
< kg[a]\Y\] [geg me lg\g h]fkY ^gjY \gk hY\j]k+ CYq]c YlY[gmg YU'
@pakl]e eYak daeal]k im] fg l]fl]a \ak[mlaj Yima+I]e
e[gehmlYZada\Y\] [`YeY\Y IK*[gehd]lm\]+

]klgm e]f[agfYf\g

Y [dYkk]\]

[aYdakeg] Yk][gfgeaYk _]j]f[aY\Yk [geg k]f\g hjg\mlgk \g im] [`Y*

eg \] IUTNKIOSKTZU
JK TKXJU[ VRGZUTOYSU
' \]na\g Yg[j]k[ae]flg \g
[gf`][ae]flg
[a]fl^a[g( kmh]j]klaeYegk Y[YhY[a\Y\] \] [gehj]]f\]j
Ykem\YfYk kmlakim] [gfklalm]e g emf\g( ] im] h]kg hj][akYk]j Ylja*
Zm\g Y [Y\Y meY \]kkYk em\YfYk+<hjghjaY\Ye]fl]( ]d] [`Yegm g
hjgZd]eY \] ![a]flakeg!+
@kkY
\g]fY ]kl} _jYn]e]fl] af[jmklY\Y]e fgkkYkafklalma]k+
q hgj
akkgim] l]f`g e]\g \] _gn]jfgk ] \] _jYf\]k [gjhgjY]k * \a^[ad
\aklaf_majmfk\gk gmljgk+Bgn]jfgk ^Yr]e hj]nak]k8[gehYf`aYk hjg\m*
r]e hjgb]]k8lg\g Yfg( n}jagk hj]nakgj]k ^Yr]e hjgb]]k \g fn]d \Yk
lYpYk`ahgl][}jaYk ] \g e]j[Y\g \] Y]kfg ^ae \g Yfg k]_mafl]+>gj*
hgjY]k kgZj]nan]e fg hgj l]j]e ^]alg ZgYkhj]nak]k ] kae hgjim](
Ykkae[geg gkhj]ka\]fl]k \] [gehYf`aYk im] nakalYeR`Yjlgf im] [al]a
Yfl]jagje]fl]( hg\]e l]j ka\g ]dYkYkkgjlm\Yk+@([geg me hjghja]l}*
jag \] j]klYmjYfl]( hg\]e ]klYj ^Yr]f\g eYd YkahjhjaYk( ] fg Yfk
* lYdn]rYl fgk Ybm\]e( kmZka\aYf\gfgkkg [gfkmeg Ygfgk \Yj Z]fk
fg hjg[]kkg( [geg da_Y]kl]d]^fa[Yk
ZYjYlYk
hYjYg j]klg \g emf\g ^a*
fYf[aY\Ykh]dg ]p[]kkg \] afn]klae]flgk fY ]jY \Yk]ehj]kYk hgflg*[ge+
Ik( [gfkmea\gj]k( hg\]egk \]ap}*DYk
hj]n]j g imYflg imak]j]e( k] ^gj
akkgg f][]kk}jag hYjYim] ]flj]e fg f]_[ag+ ?]ap]e*fYk k] ]f^gj[Y*
j]e( [Ykgim]ajYe+
IY n]j\Y\]( [ges e]f[agf]a fg >Yhlmdg5( fk( fgnY*agjimafgk(
]klYegk lg\gk k]f\g Z]f]^a[aY\gk h]dg ]p[]kkg \] [gf^aYfYimapgl]k[g
\] [gjhgjY]k ] \] ]ehj]]f\]\gj]k
\g jYeg \] j]klYmjYfl]k+@kk] g
Z]f]^[ag \g [YhalYdakegim] Ykh]kkgYke]fgk \ak[ml]e+
HYk Yk[gjhgjY]k hg\]e im]ZjYj [ge Y^j]if[aY im] imak]j]e(
kmZka\aYf\g([ge akkg(gk [gfkmea\gj]k( ljYfk^]jaf\g kmYjaim]rY hYjY
fgkkgk Zgdkgk* imYflg eYak ^Ydf[aYk(
e]d`gj hYjYfk+ J _gn]jfg
me YkkmflgeYak kjag ] hj][akYegk fgk Ykk]_mjYj\] im] fg hY_m]egk
g hj]g hgj kmYlgda[]+>geg af\an\mgk( \]n]jYegk YeYj gk e]j[Y\gk
danj]khgjim]( f]d]k( gk gh]jY\gj]k hg\]e k]j lg af[geh]l]fl]k imYflg
imak]j]e+
< fa[Y [jla[Yim] k] hg\] ^Yr]j YCYq]c im] ]d] ]klYZ]d][] meY
\aklafg j_a\Y] imYdalYlanY
]flj] Yk[af[aYk kg[aYak] Y^ka[Y+
?]egfk*
ljY im] gk elg\gk \Y ^ka[Y
fg k] ljY\mr]e hYjYkmYkajek \Yk [af*
[aYkkg[aYak] [mdhYYe]flYda\Y\] ngdlY\YhYjYY ]f_]f`YjaY hgj akkg+
HYk ]d] ]klYnY]k[j]n]f\g ]e meY hg[Y ]e im] Y^ka[Y(
YjYaf`Y \Y

7+ $YhYj][aY[gf[]fljYj*k] ]e fgkkg emf\g+ Ig ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( Yl

>d]f>d(
+$
+[d$Yk
fYlmjYakkg eYak [gehdD[Y\Yk\g im] DNNJ+
@d]]klYnY[]jlg
Yk>d]f
+
kgZj] Yk[af[aYk kg[aYak] ]kl} hjgnYn]de]fl] []jlg ]e sgf^aYj eYDN]e
[a]flaklYkhmjgk \g im] fgk l]ja[gk kg[aYak(
eYk g im] \dNNskgZj] Yk^jY*
im]rYk \g [gf`][ae]flg
kg[aYdYhda[Y*k]
Ylg\g g [gf`]>De]flg+ Og\g
g [gf`][ae]flg+
Kgj im; Kgj [YmkY\g hjgZd]eY \Y [gf^ajeYg hg\]*k] Yj_me]f*
lYj im] kYZ]egk emalg hgm[g kgZj] g emf\g fYlmjYd8Yfmf[aYegk gk
danjgkda\gk ] ]kim][]egk gk fg da\gk+< ^ka[Y
l]e ka\g Z]e*km[]\a\Y(
eYk me [Yehg ]klj]alg \Y [af[aY hmjY]e im] ^gegk Z]e*km[]\a\gk(
] Ykh]kkgYkl]f\]e
Y_]f]jYdarYj lYdkm[]kkghYjYlg\Y Y[af[aY+N]jaY
hj]^]jn]d k] ^kk]egke]d`gj]k fY [gehj]]fkg \g [~f[]j gm \g [daeY
%YdlYe]fl]fg daf]Yj&\g im] fY [gehj]]fkg \Y gja_]e \g mfan]jkg+
(FDF

EUF J=I LD E=I<

@phdgj]egk eYak hjg^mf\Ye]fl] g hjgZd]eY \g [gf`][ae]flg

] [gf*
lafm]egk [ge Y [gehYjYg ]flj] Ogfq Bgj\m[`g ] g ?j+ Eg`f \g
>Yhlmdg6+N]j} im] gk f]j\k ]fljYe ]e lf]ak( gm k]bY(k]j} im] k]
[gf[]fljYe ]e [Yl]_gjaYkZ]e \]^afa\Yk ] \]apYe hYkkYj^gfl]k \] af*
[]jl]rY; G]eZj]*k] \] eaf`Y Yhj]k]flYg fg Kjdg_g \Y hdYlgfa^a[Yg
[geg me ^g[g _]jYd]e me emf\g [gehgklg hgj ]kkYk[Yl]_gjaYkZ]e
\]^afa\Yk+
K]fk] ]e meY h]kkgYim] Y\gj] d]j im] ]kl]bYYhj]f\]f\g meY fgnY
df_mY+
@dY
Yhj]f\]j}( hgj ]p]ehdg( k]jng*[jgYlYgm Fmf_ d]f\g me da*
njg \] _jYe}la[Y \g af[ag Yg ^ae ] e]egjarYf\g
Ykj]_jYk+@dY
l]j} Y
aehj]kkg \] im] Yd_meYYmlgja\Y\] _jYeYla[Ydkmhj]eY ]klYZ]d][]mgk
j]_mdYe]flgk daf_kla[gkhYjYim] h]kkgYk[gemfk [ge hgm[Y]\m[Y*
g ^gjeYdhgkkYe( hgkl]jagje]fl]( ^YdYj
Ydf_mY+
IY n]j\Y\]( Ykdf_mYk
[j]k[]e gj_Yfa[Ye]fl]8 Y_jYe}la[Y Yd_gim] h]kkgYkk]e fY\Y eYak
]p[alYfl] hYjY^Yr]j fY na\Y [g\a^a[Ye ]e me danjg+@fimYflg Ykh]kkgYk
[ge af[dafYgY[Y\ea[Y e]egjarYjg \][dafY]k( g fg*f]j\ YhdYl*
fa[g Yhj]f\]j}( hgj ]p]ehdg( k]jng*[jgYlYhYim]jYf\g fYegjY\Yk ]e
@kkYa\aY kmj_] ]e n}jagk hgflgk fY `akljaY( [ge fge]k \a^]j]fl]k+ <d^j]\ Igjl` R`a*
l]`]Y\ [`Yegm*Y \] !^Yd}[aY\Y [gf[j]lm\]
eYd YljaZm\Y!(gm k]bY(g ]jjg \] k] [gf^mf\aj
me eg\]dg [ge Y]fla\Y\] ^ka[Yim] ]d] hj]l]f\]
\]k[j]n]j+

hgl]f[aYd ]e ZYj]k fgk Yjj]\gj]k \] NYjYb]nggm [gfn]jkYf\g

[ge eg*
lgjaklYk \] l}pa( hYjY \]hgak Yhda[Yj%k]f][]kk}jag& j]_jYk _jYeYla[Yak Yg
[gf`][ae]flg
im] b} hgkkma+
>gfka\]j] fgnYe]fl]
g hdYf]bY\gj []fljYd+ >geg [ge Ydf_mY(fg
]pakl] meY Ymlgja\Y\] _jYeYla[Yd [g\a^a[Yf\g ]n]flgk kg[aYak] ][gfea*
[gk8 eYk l]fl] [gfn]f[]j
me Zmjg[jYlY gm me [a]flaklY kg[aYd\] im] g
emf\g hg\] fg k]_maj kmYk]imY]k ![a]fl^a[Yk!+ IY n]j\Y\]( h]fkY*
\gj]k \Y ]k[gdY YmkljY[Y(
| imYdCYq]c h]jl]f[aY( mkYnYe Yk\]ka_fY]k
ZbIOZU
gm OSVRhIOZU
hj][akYe]fl]
hYjY YhYjl] \g [gf`][ae]flg
im] fg
hg\] k]j [gdg[Y\Y fg hYh]d( eYk im] \]n]jYegk ]nalYj j]hjaeaj+ @d]k
^Yr]e Y \aklafg im] naegk Yfl]k ]flj] !kYZ]j [geg! ] !kYZ]j g im!
* k]f\g Yk]_mf\Y eYak ]dmkanY] kmb]alY| f]j\a^a[Yg+
KYjY]k[dYj][]j( hdYlfa[g _]f]jYdarY\g j( !^gjemdYa[g!( \] e]fl] ^]*
[`Y\Y( Ymlg*k]jna]fl] ] [geg\alarY\g8
YhdYlfa[g hj}la[g( \] e]fl]
YZ]jlY( [la[g ] ]ehja[g+
J eglang h]dg imYd\]klY[g g _jYf\] KdYlg lgjfY*k] YhYj]fl] [ge g
k]_mafl] ]p]ehdg \g h]fkYe]flg
\g e]klj]7 KdYlgY[j]\alYnY im] \]n]*
jYegk mkYjYk\mYk egk [ge Ye]keY \]klj]rY+ J [gflj}jag fg !^YraY
k]fla\g!+ @d][gfka\]jYnY g ^Yngj][ae]flg
\] me e]eZjg
]e j]dYg
Yg gmljg meY \]^gjeYg [YmkY\Yh]dY !]klmha\]r \] e]k ] \] ZYZ}k!+
< Ykkae]ljaY af[geg\YnY*g( ] ]d] hjgb]lgm kmYka\aYk \] ]d]_~f[aY hYjY
Y j]Yda\Y\]+ Oan]egk $im] ]kh]jYj Yl GgmakKYkl]mj hYjY \]k[gZjaj im]
egd[mdYk imea[Yk kg \]kljYk gm [Yf`glYk ] im] akkglaf`Y meY aehgj*
l~f[aY [gfka\]j}n]d+
Kg\]*k] ]f[gfljYj a\aYk hYj][a\Yk ]flj] \an]jkgk k]_e]flgk fg af*
l]jda_Y\gk \] h]fkYe]flg+
Jk hjae]ajgk ^gjYe %[geg \] [gklme]& gk
]ehja[gk( [mbYYZgj\Y_]e e\a[Y hj}la[Y( danj] \] l]gjaYk ] !ZYk]Y\Y
]e ]na\f[aYk!( ]klYnY Ykkg[aY\Yhjaf[ahYde]fl]
Y K`adfmk \] >gk( N]*
jYhag \] <d]pYf\jaY ] BdYm[aYk\] OYj]flme( eYak lYj\] ljYfk^gjeY\g
]e [la[g hgj H]fg\glg
\] Ia[ge\aY(
] YlmYde]fl] ZYklYfl] [gf`]*
[a\g YljYnk \] k]m hjYla[Yfl] ng[Yd( fgkkg Yea_g N]plmk @ehaja[mk( g
_jYf\] ^adkg^g[la[g * im]( [geg naegk Yfl]jagje]fl](
lYdn]r l]f`Y
ka\g g hjae]ajg Y \ak[mlaj g >akf] I]_jg+ Jk ]ehja[gk hjYla[YnYe Y
!+Yjl]e\a[Y! k]e \]h]f\]j
\g jY[ag[fag8 im]jaYe k] Z]f]^a[aYj YhYj*
lDs\] gZk]jnY]k ^gjlmalYkhgj e]ag \] kmhgka]k( ] ]ph]jae]flYnYe
] DehjgnakYnYe Yl ]f[gfljYj
Yd_gim] ^mf[agfYkk]+ @d]kl]gjarYnYe Yg
efaeg+

N]mkelg\gk ]klg k]f\g j]nana\gk `gb] [geg e]sa[afY ZYk]Y\Y]e

]na\f[aYk( \]hgak \] \gak eadfagk \] h]jkmYkg+>gfkD\]j] im] Yf(l]s \]
Z egk Yj]kh]alg \] ZY[ljaYk ] \g hYh]d \]dYk fYk \g]fYk gk e]\D>gk
'&&
$]alYjYe Y hj}la[Y \] dYnYjYkegk hgjim] ]dY TdULG`RGYKTZRJU
hYjY
j]D&
h]kYj
\Y
]na\f[aY
\]
meY
\aeafmag
ka_fa^a[YlanY
fYk
egjl]k
]e
] ]k( Y
`gk alYak+D_fYr N]ee]do]ak( g e\a[g \] e]Y\gk \g k[mdg SDS im]
hjgsgn]m Ya\aY \] dYnYjYkegk( fg ^ganaf_Y\g Yl \[Y\Yk \]hsak \]
kmYegjl]+ NaeadYje]fl]( hg\] k]j im] g ^Ylg \] YY[mhmflmjY ^mf[DJfYj
!fg ^YYk]fla\g!( eYk k] ]f^aYj meY Y_md`Yfg \]\g \g h \] Yd_me
kakl]eYla[Ye]fl]
YdanaY
Y \gj %]e l]kl]k ]ehja[gk j]YdarY\gk YhjghjaY*
\Ye]fl]&( ]flg hg\] k]j im] ]paklYe ^mf]k [gehda[Y\Yk \]eYak hYjY
im] Yk [gehj]]f\Yegk(
hgjlYflg ka_Yegk ]e ^j]fl] hgj ]fimYflg ]
eYfl]f`Yegk
fgkkYk e]fl]k YZ]jlYk+

>alYf\g RYjj]f =m^^]ll( fg h]j_mfl] YgZYjZ]ajg k] ng[ hj][akY \] me

[gjl] \] [YZ]dg * ] fg h]j_mfl] Yme Y[Y\ea[g k] g im] ]d] ^Yr j]d]*
nYfl]+ KgjlYflg( [gf[dmaj]a ]kkY\ak[mkkg \g daZ]jlYjakeg \] CYq]c [ge
Yk]_mafl] gZk]jnYg7 [geg b} \akk]( g hjgZd]eY \g [gf`][ae]flg
gj_Y*
farY\g im] `} meY \an]j_f[aY \] afl]j]kk]k g[YkagfYd]flj] Ykkg[aY]k
Y[Y\ea[Yk ] g hjhjag [gf`][ae]flg+
<kkae( fg [gfka_g ]fl]f\]j
\]
^gjeY Yd_meYhgj im] gk daZ]jl}jagk \] `gb] fg YlY[Ye Y ]klYZada\Y\]
\] ]ehj]_g
\] hjg^]kkgj]k \] ^Y[md\Y\] %]p[]lg( lYdn]r( hgjim] emalgk
daZ]jl}jagk kg Y[Y\ea[gk&+ Qaegk im] [gehYf`aYk hg\]e im]ZjYj( ]f*
imYflg _gn]jfgk h]jeYf][]e+
HYk( ]fimYflg _gn]jfgk h]jeYf][]e(
^mf[agf}jagk hZda[gk hg\]e
k]j j]ZYapY\gk ] [gf_j]kkaklYk ] k]fY\gj]k
hg\]e l]j gk eYf\Ylgk [YkkY\gk ^afYde]fl] hgj nglYg+ Ig e]ag Y[Y*
\ea[g( me hjg^]kkgj [ge ]klYZada\Y\] h]jeYf]fl]
* g f]_[ag \g
[gf`][ae]flg
hgkkma!\gfgk! h]jeYf]fl]k+
Naehd]ke]fl](
g [`YjdYlg
eYak hjg\mlg \g [gfljgd] \g im] j]kmdlY\g \Y daZ]j\Y\] ] \Y ^YdlY\]
]kljmlmjY+

1I=<@VUF &C@MI=#9I:YKI@F
N] lg\Yk Yk[gf\a]k hgkkn]ak \] me kakl]eY ^ka[g^gj]e [gf`][a\Yk(
l]gja[Ye]fl]
hgkkn]d %eYkfg ]e hj}la[Y( [geg naegk& hjgb]lYj k]m

[gehgjlYe]flg
fg ^mlmjg+HYk akkgk \ar j]kh]alg YgZb]lgk afYfaeY\gk+
Ojgh]Yegk ]e me gZkl}[mdg imYf\g im]kl]k kg[aYak]klg ]fngdna\Yk+
y gmljY im]klg hjgb]lYj me ^mlmjg imYf\g `meYfgk ]klg ]fngdna\gk(

YKKRKY
LUXKSIUTYOJKXGJUY
YKXKY
\O\UYJUZGJUYJK RO\XK'GXHhZXOU(
N] ]m hgkkg hj]n]j lg\Yk YkkmYkY]k( kgZ []jlYk [aj[mfkl~f[aYk( ]f*
lg ng[ hg\] fg k]j lg danj] imYflg h]fkY im] +Qg[ me YmleYlg
im] j]khgf\] Y]klemdgk YeZa]flYak+ Qg[ me ]k[jYng \g \]klafg+ @Y
admkg\] danj]*YjZljaghg\]jaY k]j j]\mra\Y YmeY ]imYg im] \]k[j]n]
g j]kmdlY\g \] afl]jY]k ]flj] egd[mdYk+N]jaY[geg ]klm\Yj g e][Yfak*
eg \] me j]d_ag7 me _fag [ge [gf`][ae]flg
hjg^mf\g \Yk [gf\a]k
afa[aYak] \Yk [Y\]aYk [YmkYakk]jaY [YhYr \] ]kl]f\]j
g hjhjag [gf`][a*
e]flg Yg ^mlmjg \] Y[GYY]k+Ig k]jaY km^g[Yfl];
>gflm\g( k] ng[ Y[j]\alY ]e danj]*YjZljag( fg hg\] Y[j]\alYj n]j*
\Y\]ajYe]fl]
]e [af[aYk kg[aYakf]e ]e hjgb]]k ][gfea[Yk+ Ig
k] hg\] hj]n]j [geg Ykh]kkgYk Y_ajg+ @p[]lg( [dYjg( k] `gmn]j me
ljmim]( ] ]d] g [gj\g h]dg imYd Y ][gfgeaY f]g[d}kka[Y kmkh]fkY+
Naehd]ke]fl](
hj]kme]*k] im] gk af\an\mgk k]jg XGIOUTGOY
fg ^mlmjg
] im]( hgj akkg( Y_ajg hj]nakan]de]fl]+ @pakl] meY da_Yg ^gjl] ]flj]
jY[agfYda\Y\]( hj]nakaZada\Y\] ] ljYlYZada\Y\] eYl]e}la[Y+ Pe af\an\mg
jY[agfYd \]k]eh]f`Yj}
meY kja] lTOIG\] Y]k ]e [aj[mfkl~f[aYk ]kh]*
[^a[Yk+@pakl] Yh]fYs meY fa[Y j]khgklY v im]klg \] [geg Y_ajaYe Yk
h]kkgYk !jY[agfYak! kYlak^Yr]f\g k]mke]d`gj]k afl]j]kk]k+ <_]fl]k jY[ag*
fYak hj][akYe k]j [g]j]fl]k7 fg hg\]e hj]^]jaj eYk YdYjYfbYk(
dYjYf*
bYkYh]jYk ] \]hgak h]jYk YeYk+ N] g ^ar]kk]e( k]jaY \a^[ad_]f]jYdarYj
k]m [gehgjlYe]flg+
OYeZe k]jaY \a^[adhjgb]lYj k]m [gehgjlYe]flg
fg l]ehg+
IY ][gfgeaY gjlg\gpY( Y jY[agfYda\Y\] lgjfgm*k] meY [YeakY*\]*
^gjY+@[gfgeaklYk hdYlgfarY\gk a_fgjYjYe g ^Ylg \] im] Yk h]kkgYk
hg\]e hj]^]jaj ^Yr]j Yd_g\a^]j]fl] \] eYpaearYj k]mk afl]j]kk]k ][gf*
ea[gk( g im] d]ngm Y l[fa[Yk eYl]e}la[Yk [geg Y !eYpaearYg! gm
!glaearYg!( kgZj] YkimYakKYmdNYem]dkgf [gfkljmam ZgY hYjl] \] kmY
gZjY+< glaearYg [gfkakl] ]e ]f[gfljYj Ye]d`gj hgdla[YeYl]e}la[Y
im] me Y_]fl] ][gfea[g hgkkY k]_maj+Kgj ]p]ehdg( imYdYimYfla\Y\]
!laeY! im] ng[ \]n] \]klafYj YY]k; @kkYl[fa[Y ]fngdn] eYl]e}la[Y
[gehd]pY ]( hgjlYflg( d]nYflY meY ZYjj]ajY im] aeh]\] Y]fljY\Y \] Y[Y*
\ea[gk k]e lj]afYe]flg
eYl]e}la[g+ @mfg k]jaY g hjae]ajg Y \ar]j
im] YglaearYg _]jgm me j]ljg[]kkg fY [af[aY kg[aYd(j]\mraf\g*Y \Y

)** d Y afl]d][lmYd ] j]^d]panY ]e im] ]klYnY k] ljYfk^gjeYf\g hYjY

\dN>dKdf lanY\] lgjfYj*k] meY ! >d]f>dY]pYlY+
+($
!K! gj >d]f>dY]pYlY
+(+
!^a
j] *
meY l]f l Y
me hjgZd]eY \] ]f_]f`YjaY \] k]_mf\Y [dYkk]hYjY Yim]d]k im]
jg* e] Y +
( +
[
W# *
f_aj im] ]klg fg \]hYjlYe]flg
\] ^ND>Y
* Y[ YeY Yen]EY
im]j]e ^a
+
v @e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(meY ^jYm\] el]d][lmYd+
\Y ^aNd>Y+
< glaearYg me [Ykg \] eg\]dY_]e
]kljad im] \ak[mlaj]egk eYak
^mf\Ye]fl]
fg >Yhlmdg .4+ @dYfg laf`Y imYdim]j mkg hj}la[g
hjg
+ + D
%f]e e]keg
l]ja[g&( hgjlYflg lgjfgm*k] hff>dhY e]fl]
meY [ge*
h]lag hgj hgka]k Y[Y\ea[Yk( meY 7sjeY \] ^sr]s [gs im] Ykh]k*
kgYk[geh]lakk]e
[ge hg\]j]k eYl]eYld[gk+ < gldedrYYg eYfl]n] gk
][gfgeaklYk hdYlgfarY\gk dgf_] \gk ZYj]k( j]kgdn]f\g ]imY]k v fgal]+
< ljY_\aY im] KYmdNYem]dkgf( `ge]e
\] h]fkYe]flg
j}ha\g( km*
hgklYe]fl] me \gk Y[Y\ea[gk eYak afl]da_]fl]k \] kmY_]jYg+ @kk]
^ga [dYjYe]fl] me [Ykg \] afl]da_f[aY emalg eYd afn]kla\Y+ ?] eg\g
[YjY[l]jkla[g( NYem]dkgf aflaea\gm Yim]d]k im] im]klagfYnYe kmYkl[*
fa[Yk Y^ajeYf\g7 !<im]d]k im] hg\]e(
^Yr]e [af[aY( gk gmljgk ^Yr]e
e]lg\gdg_aY+! N] ng[ kgmZ]kk] eYl]e}la[Y( hg\]jaY !^Yr]j [af[aY!+
Dkkg j]eafak[]fl]
\gk hka[dg_gk im] kad]f[aYe gk [jla[gk Y[mkYf\g*gk
\] l]j]e hjgZd]eYk [ge gk hYak+Df^]dare]fl]( fg ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( ]jY
NYem]dkgf( ] Y eYagjaY \] k]mk k]_ma\gj]k im] fg YGHOGSemalY eY*
l]e}la[Y( gm fg kYZaYe mladarYjY eYl]e}la[Y im] \geafYnYe(
[geg
Yhda[}*DY
| j]Yda\Y\]+ N kYZaYe eYl]e}la[Y g km^a[a]fl] hYjY k]j]e []*
_Y\gk hgj ]dY+
OjY_a[Ye]fl]( Yfl]k \Y hjgda^]jYg \] OJOUZY
YG\GTZY] ]ehaja[Ye]f*
l] []_gk( me ljYZYd`g afl]j]kkYfl] `YnaY ka\g afa[aY\g hgj h]fkY\gj]k
n]j\Y\]ajgk [geg E+H+ F]qf]k( Aja]\ja[` CYq]c ] g _jYf\] =]fgal
HYf\]dZjgl * eYk lg\gk ^gjYe \]egna\gk
hgj l]j]e \aklYf[aY\g Y
][gfgeaY \Y hj][akg \Y ^ka[Y\] k]_mf\Y [dYkk]+Hmalg ljakl]+ Pe _jYf*
\] h]fkY\gj kmZ]klaeY\g B+ G+N+N`Y[c.]( `gb] imYk] [gehd]lYe]fl]
gZk[mjg( im] afljg\mram Ya\aY \] !\]k[gf`][ae]flg!(
gm k]bY(gk danjgk
fg da\gk fY ZaZdagl][Y \] PeZ]jlg
@[g+q emalg af[geme
im] YgZjY
\] N`Y[cd] k]bYk]im]j [alY\Y( ] lan] im] [gehjYj k]mk danjgk ]e k]Zgk(
]e Ggf\j]k+
G]_a]k \] hka[dg_gk ]ehja[gk \Yk ]k[gdYk `]mjkla[Yk ] \] nak
egkljYjYe im] g eg\]dg
\] [gehgjlYe]flg
jY[agfYd kgZ af[]jl]rY
`)
= Yg Yh]fYk _jgkk]ajYe]fl]
af]pYlg ] kae kaehd]ke]fl]
]jjY\g [geg
gjeY \] \]k[jag \Y j]Yda\Y\]+ Jk j]kmdlY\gk lYeZe af[geg\Ye

][gfgeaklYk hdYlgfarY\gk hgjim] j]n]dYe im] ]pakl]e emalYk^gjeYk

YljYnk\Yk imYakk] hg\] k]j ajjY[agfYd+Ogdklga\akk] im] Yk^YedaYk
^]dar]k]jYe lg\Yk hYj][a\Yk( ]fimYflg [Y\Y ^YedaYaf^]dar af^]dar v
hjhjaY eYf]ajY ++
<k h]kkgYk\]egfkljYjYe
im] [ge]l]e
]jjgk ]ima*
nYd]fl]k Yhj]^]fj eYk YdYjYfbYk(
dYjYfbYk
Y h]jYk ] VKXGYG SGedY&
\]h]f\]f\g
\Y j]d]n~f[aY \Yk im]kl]k Yhj]k]flY\Yk Y]dYk+
< k]if*
[aY aehgjlYfl] <de \akkg( [geg naegk [ge g ]p]ehdg \Y Yf[gjY*
_]e( Yk]klaeYlanYk\g fe]jg \] \]flaklYk ]e HYf`YllYf ^]alYkhgj
h]kkgYkkmZe]la\Yk Y]klm\gk kg af^dm]f[aY\Ykh]dg fe]jg Yd]Yljag
im] Y[YZY\] k]j Yhj]k]flY\g Y]dYk* Y cTIUXG(?Y\Y YYd]Ylgja]\Y\]
\Y ~f[gjY( l]j]egk Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] fYk ]klaeYlanYk+KgjlYflg( k] h]kkgYk
^Yr]e ]k[gd`Yk ] \][ak]k af[gfkakl]fl]k( g f[d]g []fljYd \Y glaearY*
g ][gfea[Y fg ^mf[agfY+Ig k] hg\] eYak hjg\mraj meY !l]gjaY
_]jYd!(] k]e ]dYfg k] hg\] hj]n]j+
Qg[ hj][akY Yhj]f\]j Ynan]j k]e meY l]gjaY _]jYd(h]dg Yegj \]
Kdmlg

M][gj\] H hjgZd]eY \g h]jm+Qg[ gd`YhYjYg hYkkY\g] \]janY Yd_meY

j]_jY kgZj] g ^mlmjg+=]e( gk hjgZd]eYk ]e k] ^Yr]jhjgb]]k YhYjlaj \g
hYkkY\ghg\]e k]j Ya$f\Yhagj]k \g im] b}Yhj]f\]egk( hgjim] gk e]k*
egk \Y\gk hYkkY\gkhg\]e [gf^ajeYj meY l]gjaY ] k]m[gflj}jag ]pYlg
N] ng[ kgZj]nan]j Yl YeYf`( akkghg\]jaY ka_fa^a[Yjim] Y& eYakhjg*
n}n]d im] k]bYaegjlYd gmZ&im] ]kl} eYak hjpaeg \Y egjl]+ <eZYk Yk
[gf[dmk]k ZYk]aYe*k]]pYlYe]fl] fgk e]kegk \Y\gk+ N]ng[ me h]jm
k]f\g Ydae]flY\g hgj me dgf_g h]jg\g( hg\] hj]kmeaj af_]fmYe]fl]
im] YYdae]flYg IUTLOXSGY[G YKM[XGTeG
gmk]j Yklmlg] [gfka\]jYj im]
]dYIUTLOXSGUVKXOMU
\] k(]jljYfk^gjeY\g ]e bYflYj+Pe [gehgjlYe]flg
dakgfb]ajghgj hYjl] \] me [gf`][a\g fg hYkkY\ghg\] af\a[Yj Y^]ag_]*
fmfYhgj eae ] kmYhj]g[mhYg [ge e]m Z]e*]klYj * eYk lYeZe
hg\] [gf^ajeYj k]m \]k]bg e]j[]f}jag ] [Yd[mdaklY
\] Yd_me\aY lgeYj
e]m f]_[ag+

J l]jeg+ mkY\g h]dg Ymlgj ]e af_dk MX[K&hYdYnjY[jaY\Y hgj I]dkgf Bgg\eYf YhYjlaj
\Y [geZeYg \Yk hYdYnjYkMXKKT%n]j\]& ] HR[K%Yrmd&
hYjYadmkljYjY[`YjY\Y \Y af\mg+
%I+JU A($

<kkae( fg Yh]fYkhg\] g hYkkY\g_]jYj ]f_Yfgk( [geg lYeZe ]pak*

e emalgk _jYmk\] daZ]j\Y\] fY afl]jhj]lYg \] ]n]flgk hYkkY\gk+
l] KYjYYn]jkg l[fa[Y \]kkY a\aY([gfka\]j] meY kja] \] hgflgk ]e
mjfYh}_af| j]hj]k]flYf\g me fe]jg Ygdgf_g \s l]shg s g +_j}^a*
[g k]jaYhYj][a\g [ge YAa_mjY.( im] egkljY gk hfe]Djgk ead \DYkfg
>Yhlmdg1+?a_Yegk im] k]mhjg^]kkgj \g ]skafg e\as d`] h]Y hYjY
]kl]f\]j Ykja] \] hgflgk+ >ge me eg\]dg de]Yj( gmk]bY(mkYf\g meY
j_mY(ng[ hg\] ljYYjmeY daf`Y j]lY( meY lTOIG daf`Y j]lY \g hYkkY*
\g hYjYg ^mlmjg+J eg\]dg daf]Yj fa[g+ @pakl]meY fa[Y daf`Y j]lY
im] hg\] k]j hjgb]lY\Y \] \an]jkgk hgflgk+ HYk Y[gakYhg\] ^a[YjeYak
[gehda[Y\Y+N]fg k] daealYjYmeY daf`Yj]lY(ng[ \]k[gZjaj} im] ]pakl]
meY ^YedaY
]fgje] \] [mjnYkim] hg\]e [mehjaj YlYj]^Y\] da_Yjgk
hgflgk+ N] hjgb]lYj \g hYkkY\g\] ^gjeY daf]Yj(ng[ \Yj} [gflafma\Y\]
YmeY l]f\f[aY+ HYk hgkkn]ak\]janY]k ^mlmjYk
\g [mjkg \g hYkkY\g
kg af^afalYk+
Agaakkgim] g ^adkg^gI]dkgf Bgg\eYf [`Yegm \] [`YjY\Y \Y af*
\mg7 hjgb]lYegk meY daf`Y j]lY kge]fl] hgjim] l]egk me eg\]dg
daf]Yj]e e]fl] * g ^Ylg\] im] me fe]jg Yme]flgm \mjYfl] ead \aYk
[gfk][mlangk \]n]jaY afl]fka^a[Yj Y [gf^aYfY\] im] ]d] Yme]flYj} fg
^mlmjg+
HYkk] lan]j me eg\]dg fg daf]Yj]e e]fl]( ]d] hg\] [gf^ajeYj
im] g fe]jg \]n]jaY \][dafYj fg .+--.- \aY+
?a_Yegk im] ng[ gZk]jn] meY ]ke]jYd\Y+ @dY]klYnYn]j\] gfl]e
] Yfl]gfl]e+ @[gflafmY n]j\] `gb]+ IgjeYde]fl](
akkg[gf^ajeYjaY Y
hjghja]\Y\] !n]j\]!7 hg\]egk \]\mraj im] Y ]ke]jYd\Y ]klYj} n]j\]
YeYf`+ HYk hYjYBgg\eYf g `aklja[g \] [gj \Y ]ke]jYd\Y hg\]jaY
[gf^ajeYj a_mYde]fl] Yhjghja]\Y\] !n]j\]*Yrmd!+J im] ]kkYhjghja]*
\Y\] n]j\]*Yrmd; < hjghja]\Y\] n]j\]*Yrmd \Y ]ke]jYd\Y k]j n]j\] Yl
meY \YlY]kh][^a[Y(hgj ]p]ehdg( 0. \] \]r]eZjg \] /--3( ] Yrmd\]hgak
\akkg+
< [`YjY\Y \Y af\mg gmljYn]jkg \Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY* ng[ ]f*
[YjYmeY af^afa\Y\] \] !`akljaYk! im] ]phda[Ye g im] nam+< _jYna\Y\]
\Y [`YjY\Y \Y af\mg \] Bgg\eYf Yk]_mafl]7k] fg `gmn]j eYak
f]e e]keg meY eYf]ajY fa[Y \] k] !_]f]jYdarYj! g im] k] n( \] k] ^Y*
r]j meY af^]jf[aY kgZj] g \]k[gf`][a\g( ]flg( [geg k] \]n] gh]jYj; <
j]khgklY([dYjYe]fl]( k]j} im] ng[ \]n]j} ]ehj]_Yj g !Zge k]fkg!( eYk
k]mZge k]fkg hg\] fg k]j lg Z]e \]k]fngdna\g fg im] \ar j]kh]alg Y
Yd_meYk
nYja}n]ak\g @plj]eaklg+

/+1
(m#-*-

u#

7
89

,*3

L+

L+

**((

((

((7
{$

-*0

,+

(
(
(
(

(
(( (
( (
(
(
((
(
((
(
(

(
(
( (
(( ((
(
(

(
(
(

(
(
((
(

((

,++

"#$%

"#$%

PeY kja] \] meY hghmdYg\] ZY[ljaYkYhYj]fl]e]fl] ]e [j]k[ae]flg %gm

\] `aklja[g\] n]f*
\Yk gm\] imYdim]jnYja}n]dgZk]jnY\Y Yg dgf_g \g l]ehg * [geg Y Ydae]flYg lglYd\g h]jm fg
>Yhlmdg
1&+

> g !hjg[]kkg _]jY\gj! j]Yd ]plj]eYe]fl]

kaehd]k(eYk fg l]e fY\Y Yn]j [ge me eg\]dg daf]Yj
<d_meYkhYjl]k\]d] hYj][]e k]j daf]Yj]k] kgegk ]f_YfY\gk imYf\g g ]pljYhgdYegk]e meY daf`Y
\aj]lY+$

2
1+2
$
(7

a d]algj l]e

79 0+2

72
89

0
/+2
/
( .+2
.-

/-

0-

1-

2-

3-

"#$%

A}[ad\] k] ]f[YapYjfY l]f\f[aY * ]pakl]me fa[g eg\]dg daf]Yjim] k] ]f[YapYfgk \Y\gk+ Kg\]*k]
hjgb]lYjmeY [gflafmYg fg ^mlmjg+

g \aj]alg \] h]j_mflYj*k]7 eYk( ]flg( IIO( hgj im] \aY*

Zgk ^Yr]egk hj]nak]k; <d_meYkh]kkgYkg ^Yr]e hgj dm[jg egf]l}jag(
gmljYk(hgjim] !k]mljYZYd`g!+HYklYeZe hj]n]egk k]e ]kkYkafl]f*
]k * ]khgflYf]Ye]fl]+
Kgj im; < j]khgklY ]kl} j]dY[agfY\Y | fYlmj]rY `meYfY+ KdYf]bYj
hg\] naj [ge g [gfbmflg \] YljaZmlgkim] fgk lgjfYe `meYfgk( gmk]bY(
[ge Y[gfk[af[aY+
Nmh]*k]im] ]paklYmeY \ae]fkg ]ngdm[agf}jaYfY f][]kka\Y\] \] k]
hjgb]lYj im]kl]k fg ^mlmjg(g im] j]kmeaj]a jYha\Ye]fl] Yima(b}im] ]dY
hg\] k]j meY laeY [Yf\a\YlY | ]phda[Yg(meY [gfb][lmjY ]p[]d]fl](
Yh]kYj\] im]( hgj ]klYjda_Y\Y| ]ngdmg(]m k]jaY[Yml]dgkg+
< a\aY([geg ^gahjgegna\Y h]dg ^adkg^g
?Yfa]d ?]ff]ll( Yk]_mafl]7
imYd g mkgeYakhg\]jgkg \] fgkkg [j]Zjg; Kj][akYe]fl]( Y[YhY[a\Y\]

$
(7
79 0+2

72
89

/+2

.+2
.-

/-

0-

1"#$%

2-

3-

( @kk]k_j}^a[gk lYeZe admkljYemeY n]jkg ]klYlkla[Y\Y ^Yd}[asfYjjYlanY* ng[ ]f[gfljY

me eg\]dg im] k] ]f[YapY fg hYkkY\g+!M]_j]kkg daf]Yj! gm !M*imY\jY\g! hg\] Y[YZYj
]f_YfYf\g ng[ Yde \Y [gflY( Yl fg l]j eYak _jYY+Qg[ hg\] ]f[YapYj YhYjl] daf]Yj \Y
[mjnY] Yd]_Yjme M*imY\jY\g Ydlg(ka_fa^a[Yf\g im] k]meg\]dg k] ]f[YapY emalg Z]e fgk
sY\gk ] hgkkma_jYf\]k hg\]j]k hj]\alangk+ Om\g akkg\g fY\Y7 ng[ k ]f[YapY g k]_e]flg
dDf]Yj\Y kja]+ G]eZj]*k] k]ehj] \] im] g !M*imY\jY\g! afY\]imY\g hYjYg @plj]eaklg
* k k]jn] hYjYhjgegg Y[Y\ea[Y+

\] k] hjgb]lYj [gfb][lmjYk fg ^mlmjg] bg_Yj g bg_g [gfljY^Y[lmYd* !N] ]m

d`] \]j me kg[g fg fYjar( ]d] aj} e] kg[Yj \] ngdlYae]\aYlYe]fl]
gm(hagj
Yaf\Y( l]d]^gfYj} hYjYk]m Y\ng_Y\g ]e IgnY Tgjc!+ PeYk \Yk nYflY_]fk
\] k] ^Yr]j akkg im] hg\]egk \]apYj im] fgkkYk [gfb][lmjYk egjjYe ]e
fgkkg dm_Yj+PkY\Y [gjj]lYe]fl]
] fg dm_Yj\] j]Y]k eYak nak[]jYak(Y
[YhY[a\Y\] \] ^Yr]j hjgb]]k fgk daZ]jlY]^]lanYe]fl] \Y ae]\aYlY k]d]g
fYlmjYd\] hjae]ajY gj\]e * Yg[gflj}jag \] gj_Yfakegk eYak hjaealangk
im] ]jYe nmdf]j}n]ak | egjl] ] k k] \]k]fngdn]jYe hgj [YmkY\Y e]d`gjY
fg [gfbmflg _]fla[g ] hgj e]ag \Y k]d]g \gk e]d`gj]k+ ?] []jlY ^gjeY(
^Yr]j hjgb]]k h]jeal] im] ljYhY[]]egk Y]ngdmg7]dYY_gjYY[gfl][] ]e
fgkkYk [YZ]Yk[geg meY kja] \] hjgb]]k ] \] []f}jagk [gfljY^Y[lmYak+
Nmh]*k] im] ]kkY[YhY[a\Y\] \] k] Zjaf[Yj e]flYde]fl]
[ge [gfb][lm*
jYk(e]keg fgk danjYf\g \Yk d]ak\Y ]ngdmg( k]bY]dYhjhjaY me hjg\mlg
\Y ]ngdmg * [geg k] Y]ngdmg lan]kk] [gdg[Y\g meY [gd]ajYdgf_Y ]e
fk ]fimYflg gmljgk YfaeYaknan]e [ge Y[gd]ajYZ]e [mjlY \Y \]h]f\f*
[aYae]\aYlY \g YeZa]fl]+ KYjY?]ff]ll( fgkkgk [j]Zjgk kg !e}imafYk \]
]ph][lYlanYk!8 hYjY]d]( Ye]fl] ] Y[gfk[af[aY `meYfYk kg hjghja]\Y\]k
]e]j_]fl]k(
f][]kk}jaYk hYjYfgkkg \]k]fngdnae]flg
Y[]d]jY\g+
Kgj im] \Yegk gmna\gk Y]kh][aYdaklYk] |k kmYkhj]nak]k; PeY hgk*
kn]d]phda[Yg k]jaY im] Y kg[a]\Y\] j]hgmkY fY ]kh][aYdarYg( im]
]^]lanYe]fl] Y \anakg \g [gf`][ae]flg+
Qg[ fg ]klm\Y e]\a[afY fg
afklYfl] ]e im] \]hYjY [ge me _jYf\] hjgZd]eY \] kY\]8 e]fgk \]k*
_YklYfl] %][]jlYe]fl]
eYak k]_mjg& [gfkmdlYj Yd_me im] b} l]f`Y ^]alg
akkg+H\a[gk \g gmna\gk Ye][~fa[gk \] Ymlgen]ak %fg ]e im]kl]k
\] kY\]( eYk kge]fl] fg im] \ar j]kh]alg YhjgZd]eYk [ge k]mk[Yjjgk&8
e][~fa[gk \] Ymlgen]ak \g gmna\gk Ye\a[gk+ O]egk meY l]f\f[aY
fYlmjYdY\Yj gmna\gk Yg ]kh][aYdaklY(e]keg ]e [Yehgk gf\] hgkkn]d
im] fg `YbY]kh][aYdaklYk+

.EQ_TUMP /PWI

0:4=>079.<,.4,#

?7 =9839

3RRN
@ODM@R
g_ DMR@HN
& .QH@M\@R
X EHK`RNENR
QN+ @CTKSNR
X M[N&EHK`RNENR
&
.H^MBH@
BNLN g_ DLOQDDMCHLDMSN
@TSHRS@
& J O@RR@CN
S@LA]L SDL g_
O@RR@CN
& 0@\@OQDUHRaDR
DQQ@C@R
X SDMG@
TL@ UHC@
KNMF@
X EDKHY
$eXUNB^
RNAQDUHUDQ?

PeY h]kkgY [ge me _jYm ZYapg \] Yjjg_~f[aY ]haklea[Y fg emalg

nakn]d(Ykkae [geg meY h]kkgY lea\Y ]e me [gim]l]d+ Ig kgegk hj]*
\akhgklgk Yj]kh]alYj h]kkgYk `mead\]k( Yim]dYkim] l]f\]e
Ykmkh]f\]j
bmd_Ye]flgk+ <_gjY( [gfl]ehd]
Y N[SORJGJK KVOYZgSOIG(
DeY_af] meY
h]kkgY YdlYe]fl] afljgkh][lanY( lgjlmjY\Y h]dY [gfk[af[aY \Y hjhjaY a_*
fgj~f[aY+ @dY[Yj][] \Y [gjY_]e \g a\aglY( eYk hgkkmaY[gjY_]e jYjY \]
\ar]j !@mfg k]a!+ @dYfg k] af[geg\Y ]e hYj][]j lgdYgm( hagj Yaf\Y(
a_fgjYfl]+ @dY`]kalY( fg k] [gehjge]l]
] k] Y^da_][ge Yk[gfk]if*
[aYk\] ]klYj ]jjY\Y+ @dYafljgkh][lY( afljgkh][lY ] afljgkh][lY Yl Ylaf_aj
Y]pYmklg ^ka[Y] f]jngkY+
Dkkgfg f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
ka_fa^a[Yim] ]dY [Yj]Y \] [gf^aYfY( eYk
Yh]fYk im] [gfka\]jY g hjhjag [gf`][ae]flg
kmkh]alg+>`YeYj]a ]kkY
h]kkgY \] KVOYZKSUIXGZG.
[`YeYj]a \] KVOYZKSUIXGIOG
Yhjgnf[aY gf\] Yk
d]akkg ]kljmlmjY\Yk l]f\g ]e e]fl] ]kk] lahg \] ^YdaZada\Y\]`meYfY+
J eYagj]hakl]eg[jYlY
eg\]jfg
HgflYa_f]+

.FEJ@=LI <= .FEK9@?E=" =G@JK=DF;I9K9

<gk 05 Yfgk \] a\Y\]( Ha[`]d @qim]e \] HgflYa_f] j][gd`]m*k] | kmY
hjghja]\Y\]
fg [Yshg( fg Nm\g]kl] \Y AjYfY+HgflYa_f]( im] ka_fa^a*
[Y egflYf`Y ]e ^jYf[k Yfla_g( ]jY g fge] \Y hjghja]\Y\]+ < j]_ag
[gf`][a\Y `gb] h]dgk naf`gk =gj\]Ymp( eYk fg l]ehg \] HgflYa_f] fg
]jYe emalYk Ykh]kkgYk im] afn]klaYe kmY]f]j_aY e]flYd ] kg^akla[Yg
]e naf`g+ ?] imYdim]j ^gjeY( HgflYa_f] laf`Y l]f\f[aYk ]kla[Yk ] fg
l]jaY ka\g ^gjl]e]fl]
YljY\g hgj lYakYlana\Y\]k+< a\aY \]d] ]jY ]k[j]n]j
meY [gd]g eg\]klY \] !l]flYlanYk!( gm k]bY(\] ]fkYagk+< hjhjaY hYdY*
njY KTYGOU
ljYfkeal] Ya\aY \g l]flYlang( \g ]kh][mdYlang ] \g fg*\]^afa*
lang+HgflYa_f] laf`Y Zge [gf`][ae]flg
\gk [d}kka[gk] im]jaY e]\alYj
kgZj] na\Y( egjl]( ]\m[Yg( [gf`][ae]flg
] Yd_mfkYkh][lgk Zagd_a[gk
fg \]kafl]j]kkYfl]k \Y fYlmj]rY `meYfY %h]j_mflYnY*k](hgj ]p]ehdg(
k] Yd]abY\gkl]jaYe daZa\gk eYak na_gjgkYk \]na\g | eYagj [aj[mdYg kYf*
_mf]Y fgk j_gk k]pmYak&+
< lgjj] im] k] lgjfgm k]m ]kl\ag ]jY afk[jalY [ge \alY\gk ]e _j]_g
] ]e dYlae( imYk] lg\gk k] j]^]jaf\g v nmdf]jYZada\Y\] \g [gf`][ae]flg
`meYfg+ <k bYf]dYkg^]j][aYe meY naklYYehdY \Yk egflYf`Yk Yg j]\gj+
J l]eY \] HgflYa_f] ]jY( g^a[aYde]fl]( ]d] hjhjag( eYk akkg]jY hjaf*
[ahYde]fl] me e]ag \] ^Y[adalYjY \ak[mkkg8 ]d] fg ]jY [geg Yim]d]k
]p][mlangk [gjhgjYlangk im] ]k[j]n]e Zag_jY^aYkhYjY^Yr]j meY ]paZag
hj]kmfgkY \] kmYk`gfjYk ] [gfimaklYk+ @d]]klYnY afl]j]kkY\g hjaf[s*
hYde]fl] ]e JKYIUHXOX
[gakYkkgZj] ka hjhjag( ]e ^Yr]j*fgk \]k[gZfj
[gakYkkgZj] ]d] ] ]e Yhj]k]flYj im]kl]k im] hm\]kk]e k]j _]f]jYdarY\Yk
X _]f]jYdarY\Yk hYjYlg\Y YjYY`meYfY+ @flj] Ykafk[ja]k fg ]kl\ag
`YnaYmeY gZk]jnYg \g hg]lY dYlafg O]jf[ag7 7USU Y[S& N[SGTO GSK
TORGROKT[SV[ZU' Ngmme `ge]e(
] fY\Y `meYfg e] ]kljYf`g+
q emalg j]^j]k[Yfl] dsj HgflYa_f] \]hgak \gk \]k_Ykl]k \] meY ]\m[Y*
g eg\]jfY( hgak ]d] Y[]alYnY$hd]fYe]fl] Yk^jYim]rYk `meYfYk ] [ge*
hj]]f\aY im] f]f`meY ^adgkg^aY
hg\]jaY k]j ]^a[Yr( Y e]fgk im] d]nYks]
]e [gfka\]jYg fgkkYk aeh]j^]a]k hjg^mf\Ye]fl]
af[jmklY\Yk( Ykda*
ealY]k \] fgkkY jY[agfYda\Y\]( Yk^Yd`Ykim] fgk ^Yr]e `meYfgk+ Ig+
im] ]d] ]klan]kk] | ^j]fl] \] k]ml]ehg8 k]jaYe]d`gj \ar]j im] gk Y[Y\eD*
[gk hgkl]jagj]k %im]hjgegnaYe YjY[agfYda\Y\]& ]klYnYe YljYkY\gk+
HgflYa_f] ]jY me `ge]e
h]fkY\gj ] jmeafYfl]( ] kmYka\aYk fg
kmj_aYe ]e k]m ]kl\ag ljYfiadg( ] kae ]fimYflg ]d] [YnYd_YnY+
NYY
]e

df_Yk [YnYd_Y\Yk] j]lgeYnY [ge a\aYk+@d]fg ]jY f]e me \gk Y[Y\*

SOIUY\Y NgjZgff] f]e me `ge]e
\] d]ljYk hjg^akkagfYd(] TdU]jY ]kkYk
\mYk[gakYk]e \gak hdYfgk+Kjae]ajg( ]jY me XKGRO`GJUX&
^gjY eY_akljY\g(
`ge]e
\] f]_[agk ] hj]^]alg \] =gj\]Ymp Yfl]k \] k] Yhgk]flYj hYjY
j]^d]laj kgZj] Y na\Y ]( hjaf[ahYde]fl](
kgZj] g hjhjag [gf`][ae]flg+
N]_mf\g( ]jY Yfla\g_e}la[g7 me [la[g [ge [`Yje]( me ]k[jalgj ^Ydn]d(
\]k[gehoeakkY\g(
h]kkgYd ] afljgkh][lang ]( hjaf[ahYde]fl](
Yd_me
im]( fY _jYf\] ljY\ag [d}kka[Y(\]k]bYnY k]j me `ge]e+
>Ykg lan]kk]
nana\g ]e me h]jg\g \a^]j]fl]( HgflYa_f] l]jaY ka\g me [la[g ]eh*
ja[g * ]d] laf`Y l]f\f[aYk [la[Yk \Y nYja]\Y\] hajjfa[Y( ]jY \g lahg
Yfla\g_e}la[g [geg N]plmk @ehaja[mk( hYjla[mdYje]fl] fY [gfk[af[aY
\Y f][]kka\Y\] \] k] kmkh]f\]j bmd_Ye]flgk+

*G@JK=DF;I9;@9
Og\gk le meY a\aY \] mlghaY+KYjYemalgk( ]dYka_fa^a[Ya_mYd\Y\](bmk*
laYmfan]jkYd(daZ]j\Y\] \Y ghj]kkg( daZ]j\Y\] \g ljYZYd`g %hYjYYd_mfk
hg\] k]j Y kg[a]\Y\] eYak eg\]klY( eYk fg eYak Ylaf_n]d( [ge lj]fk
mjZYfgk danj]k \] Y\ng_Y\gk ^YdYf\g ]e l]d]^gf]k []dmdYj]k&+
KYjYeae(
mlghaY meY ]hakl]eg[jY[aY( meY kg[a]\Y\] fY imYdimYdim]j h]kkgY ]e
hgklgk ]d]nY\gk me ]hakl]eg[jYlY( ] gf\] ]hakl]eg[jYlYk [gfk]_m]e
k]j ]d]algk+N]jaYmeY kg[a]\Y\] _gn]jfY\Y l]f\g hgj ZYk] Y[gfk[af[aY
\Y a_fgj~f[aY( fg \g [gf`][ae]flg+
Df^]dare]fl]( fg k] hg\] Y^ajeYj Ymlgja\Y\] YljYnk \Y Y[]alYg \Y
hjhjaY ^YdaZada\Y\]+
Naehd]ke]fl](
Ykh]kkgYk hj][akYe k]j []_Y\Yk h]dg
[gf`][ae]flg
* kgegk ^]algk hYjY k]_maj d\]j]k im] hg\]e
j]mfaj Yk
h]kkgYk hgjim] YknYflY_]fk \] k] ]klYj ]e me _jmhg kmh]jYe Yk\]k*
nYflY_]fk \] k] ]klYj kgraf`g+ Pfajeg*fgk
fY \aj]g ]jjY\Y l]e ka\g
eYak dm[jYlang hYjY fk \g im] ]klYj kgraf`g fY \aj]g []jlY+ <im]d]k
im] k]_majYe g a\aglY Y^ajeYlang ]e n]r \Y h]kkgY k}ZaY] afljgkh][lanY
ljYfkealajYe Yd_mfk\] k]mk_]f]k hYjY fk( g im] ^a[YYhYj]fl] ]e meY
hYlgdg_aYkg[aYd7hka[ghYlYkYf_YjaYe k]_ma\gj]k+
?] n]r ]e imYf\g( ]f[gfljYegk
e]eZjgk
\Y ]kh[a] `meYfY [ge
lYflY kmh]jagja\Y\] e]flYd im] [gfk]_m]e em\Yj \] a\aY k]e f]f`me
]k^gjg+
JZk]jn] Yima Y k]_mafl] Ykkae]ljaY \g >akf] I]_jg+ <[j]\alg
im]
ng
[] hgkkY ]klYj YZkgdmlYe]fl] []jlg kgZj] GRM[SGY[gakYk(] im] \]nY

]klYj+ Qg[ hg\] k]j eYak [gf^aYfl] imYflg | \]k[gf^ajeYg

\g im]
imYflg | [gf^ajeYg+ FYjd Kghh]j ^ga Y[mkY\g \] hjgegn]j
Y afk]*
_mjYfY ]k[j]n]f\g
]e me lge Y_j]kkang ] [gf^aYfl] %Y[mkYgim]
g[YkagfYde]fl] ^]al} [gfljY ]kl] ]k[jalgj hgj h]kkgYk im] fg k]_m]e
eaf`Y d_a[Y \] ]ehajakeg
[la[g&+ A]dare]fl](
Yhj]f\]egk
emalg
\]k\] HgflYa_f] kgZj] [geg k] d]nYj | ^j]fl] Y afa[aYlanY[la[g*]e*
hja[Y+< Ykkae]ljaY \g >akf] I]_jg h]jeal] im] k] l]f`Y [gf^aYfY KS
XKRGedU
GUW[KKYZbKXXGJU&
] fg imYflg Yg im] k] Y[j]\alY ]klYj []jlg+
FYjd Kghh]j ^ga h]j_mflY\g []jlY n]r k] !k]jaY hgkkn]d ^Ydka^a[Yj
Y ^Yd*
ka^a[Yg! %]e gmljYk hYdYnjYk(k] k]jaY hgkkn]d k]j [la[g imYflg Yg
[]la[akeg&+ < j]khgklY \]d] ^ga im] ]phmdkYnYYdmfgk \] kmYkhYd]kljYk
hgj ^Yr]j]e h]j_mflYk emalg eYak afl]da_]fl]k \g im] ]kkY+Naj FYjd ]jY
ZYklYfl] \mjg+

<d_meYk n]j\Y\]k k Ylaf_]e [jaYfYk * Y\mdlgk] fg*^adkg^gk kg km*

_Y\gk h]dYkeaf[aYk \Y na\Y hj}la[Y ] hj][akYe k] hj]g[mhYj [ge !Yk*
kmflgk aehgjlYfl]k!( \] ^gjeY im] YZYf\gfYe ]kk]k afka_`lk ]e hjgd \]
im]kl]k YhYj]fl]e]fl]
eYak j]d]nYfl]k+ PeY \]kkYk n]j\Y\]k ljYlY \Y
\a^]j]fY eYagj ]e l]smjY ] imYda\Y\] ]flj] g hYkkY\g ] g ^mlmjg+BjY*
YkYl]j ]klm\Y\g ]kkY\aklafg lg\Y Yna\Y( [gehj]]f\g*Y
e]d`gj \g
im] fY af^~f[aY( eYk fg YnakdmeZjg eYak lg nana\Ye]fl]+
< fa[Y ^gjeY h]dY imYdk] hg\] aeY_afYj me ^mlmjg !hYj][a\g! [ge
g hYkkY\g hj]kkmhgf\g im] k]j} meY hjgb]g K^GZG\g hYkkY\g *
hgjlYflg( hj]nakn]d+<kkae [geg ng[ kYZ][ge Yd_meYhj][akg imYf\g
fYk[]m( lYeZe \]n]jaY kYZ]j [ge Ye]keY hj][akg imYf\g egjj]j}+ <
a\aY \] ^mlmjg eaklmjY\g [ge GIGYU&
] fg [geg meY ]pl]fkg \]l]jea*
faklY \] kmYh]j[]hg \g*hYkkY\g( meY gh]jYg e]flYd im] kmYe]f*
l] fg hg\] ]p][mlYj+ J Y[Ykg sY_g \]eYak hYjYim] k]bYmeY [Yl]_gjaY
hgj ka k+@pakl]meY Ykkae]ljaY ]flj] g hYkkY\g ] g ^mlmjg( ] ]dY kmlad
\]eYak hYjYim] Y[gehj]]f\Yegk
fYlmjYde]fl]+
< hjae]ajY [gfk]if[aY
\]kkY Ykkae]ljaY im]( fYk e]fl]k \Yk h]k*
kgYk(Y j]dYg ]flj] hYkkY\g ] ^mlmjg fg Yhj]f\] [ge Y j]dYg ]flj]
g hYkkY\g ] g hYkkY\g im] g Yfl][]\]m+ @pakl]me hgflg []_g7 imYf\g
h]fkYegk fg YeYf`( fg g ]fimY\jYegk ]e l]jegk \g im] h]fkYegk
gfl]e gm Yfl]gfl]e+ Kgj [YmkY\]kk] \]^]alg afljgkh][lang \]apYegk \]

Yh$j]f\]j kgZj] Y \a^]j]fY ]flj] fgkkYk hj]nak]k hYkkY\Yk] gk j]kmdlY*

\gk kmZk]i]fl]k+ LmYf\g h]fkYegk kgZj] g YeYf`( kaehd]ke]fl]
g
hjgb]lYegk [geg gmljg gfl]e+
@kk] h]im]fg hgflg []_g hgkkma gmljYk eYfa^]klY]k+ Q} | bYmdY
\] hjaeYlYk \g rggd_a[g \g =jgfp( gf\] k] hg\] n]j fgkkgk hYj]fl]k
hjpaegk fY ^]dar ^YedaY\gk hjaeYlYk nan]f\g YkhjhjaYk na\Yk kg*
[aYakegnae]flY\Yk+ Kg\]*k] n]j lYeZe egfl]k \] lmjaklYkjaf\g \Yk
[Yja[YlmjYk\] `meYfgk im] gk hjaeYlYk af^]jagj]k j]hj]k]flYe+
<_g*
jY aeY_af] k]j e]eZjg
\] meY ]kh[a] \] fn]d eYak Ydlg %hgj ]p]e*
hdg( me ^adkg^g !j]Yd!( meY h]kkgY n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl]
k}ZaY&(emalg
eYak kg^akla[Y\Y \g im] gk hjaeYlYk `meYfgk+ Qg[( []jlYe]fl](
ja*
jaY \Yk h]kkgYk jaf\g \gk hjaeYlYk fg*`meYfgk+
>dYjYe]fl]( hYjY
Yim]dYkh]kkgYk im] k] \an]jl]e
[ge gk eY[Y[gk( Y a\aY \] me k]j
im] gd`YjaYhYjY]dYk[ge kmh]jagja\Y\] \Y e]keY ^gjeY im] ]dYkhjhjaYk
gd`Ye [ge kmh]jagja\Y\] hYjYgk eY[Y[gk fg hg\] kmj_ajae]\aYlYe]fl]
]e kmYke]fl]k * [Ykg g ^ar]kk]( \]kh]jlYjaY Ymlg[geak]jYg+ @dYk
hYjY*
jaYe \] jaj+
?Y e]keY ^gjeY( me ]d]e]flg
fg e][Yfakeg
YljYnk \g imYd Y
e]fl]
`meYfY Yhj]f\] Y hYjlaj \g hYkkY\g ^Yr [ge im] Y[j]\al]egk
]e kgdm]k\]^afalanYk * eYk k]e [gfka\]jYj im] Yim]d]k im] fgk hj]*
[]\]jYe lYeZe h]fkYjYe im] laf`Ye kgdm]k\]^afalanYk+Maegk \gk
gmljgk ] fg h]j[]Z]egk
im] Yd_me l]j} Yke]keYk bmkla^a[YlanYk
hYjY
jaj \] fk Yd_me \aY fg emalg j]eglg+ OYdh]j[]hg Y[Yjj]lYjaYfY ^gj*
eY \] h]fkYe]flg
j][mjkanY( gm \] k]_mf\Y gj\]e(
im] e]f[agf]a
fg
Kjdg_g * fg kgegk Zgfk fakkg+
J Zdgim]ag e]flYd ]e j]dYg Yg ^mlmjg Yaf\Y fg ^ga afn]kla_Y\g ]
jglmdY\g h]dgk hka[dg_gk( eYk hYj][] k]j kaeadYj Yg Ymlakeg+<d_mfk Ym*
laklYkhg\]e hgkkmaj fn]ak Ydlgk\] afl]da_f[aY eYl]e}la[Y gm l[fa[Y+
NmYk`YZada\Y\]k kg[aYakkg \]^]almgkYk( eYk ]kkYfg YjYar \g hjgZd]*
eY+ K]kkgYkYmlaklYk
fg [gfk]_m]e k] [gdg[Yj fY hgkag \] gmljYk h]k*
kgYk(fg [gfk]_m]e n]j g emf\g YhYjlaj \] gmljgk hgflgk \] naklY+@dYk
n]e gk gmljgk [geg gZb]lgk afYfaeY\gk( [geg e}imafYk( egna\gk hgj
j]_jYk ]phd[alYk+@dYk
fg [gfk]_m]e j]YdarYjgh]jY]k e]flYak kaehd]k
[geg !@d] kYZ] im] ]m fg k]a im] k]a!( ] ]kkY af[YhY[a\Y\] im] ae*
h]\] kmYk`YZada\Y\]k kg[aYak+%Dfl]j]kkYfl]e]fl](
YmlaklYk(
fg gZklYfl]
smY!afl]da_f[aY!( lYeZe ]paZ]e meY af[YhY[a\Y\] \] [gehj]]f\]j
Y
ddd[]jl]rY+&

<kkae [geg g Ymlakeg [`YeY\g \] ![]_m]ajYe]flYd!( YafYZada\Y\]

\] h]fkYj \afYea[Ye]fl]( \] k] hgka[agfYj ]e j]dYgYme gZk]jnY\gj
^mlmjg(\]n]jaY k]j [`YeY\Y hgj fk \] ![]_m]ajY Yg^mlmjg!+

Kjg[mj]a fY dal]jYlmjYkgZj] [af[aY [g_falanYhgj Yd_meYh]kimakYkgZj]

Y![]_m]ajY Yg^mlmjg!] fg ]f[gflj]a fY\Y+HYkfY dal]jYlmjYkgZj] ^]*
da[a\Y\] ]f[gflj]a me ]pYe] \] fgkkgk ]jjgk [jfa[gk]e hj]\a]k im]
fgk lgjfYjg ^]dar]k+
@kk]]jjg \] hj]\ag ^mf[agfY\g k]_mafl] eg\g7 ng[ ]kl} hj]kl]k Y
[gehjYj me [Yjjg fgng+ @d]em\Yj} kmYna\Y(]d]nYj}k]mklYlmk] ljYfk*
^gjeYj} YknaY_]fk\] a\Y] ngdlY\g ljYZYd`g]e hYkk]agk+
@d] lg kad]f*
[agkg im] eYd k] hg\] kYZ]jk] g eglgj ]kl} da_Y\g(\] ^gjeY im] ng[
hg\] gmnajgk fglmjfgk \] MY[`eYfafg^^ fY ]kljY\Y+J fgng [Yjjg aj}
]d]nYjng[ Yme hYlYeYj\] [gfl]flYe]flg
h]jeYf]fl]e]fl]
]d]nY\g+
<k h]kkgYkh]fkYjg7 !@a(]d] l]e me [Yjjg emalg d]_Yd!k]ehj] im] g
naj]e+ HYk ng[ ]kim][] im] lYeZe laf`Y Yke]keYk ]ph][lYlanYkfY
dlaeYn]r im] [gehjgm me [Yjjg+Qg[ fg ]kh]jY im] g ]^]alg \g fgng
[Yjjg n]f`Y Y\]knYf][]j ^afYde]fl] ] im] ng[ j]n]jl]j} v [gf\ag afa*
[aYd([geg ^]r fY dlaD?8Y
n]r+ <d_meYkk]eYfYk \]hgak \] kYaj\Y [gf*
[]kkagf}jaY\aja_af\g g [Yjjg fgng( ]d] aj} k] lgjfYj k]e _jYY+N] ng[
lan]kk] ]kh]jY\g hgj akkg(hjgnYn]de]fl] fg g l]jaY[gehjY\g+
Qg[ ]kl} hj]kl]k Y[ge]l]j me ]jjg \] hj]\ag im] b}[ge]l]m Yfl]k+
@(fg ]flYflg( [mklYjaY
lg hgm[g afljgkh][lYj
Kka[dg_gk]klm\YjYe ]kk] lahg \] ]jjg \] hj]\ag ]e j]dYgY]n]f*
lgk Y_jY\}n]ak] \]kY_jY\}n]ak+Nmh]j]klaeYegk gk ]^]algk \gk \gak lahgk
\] ^mlmjg]e fgkkYkna\Yk+KYj][]egk kg^j]j \] me [gfljYl]ehg hka[g*
d_a[g im] ^Yr[ge im] ^YYegkakkg+@kk][gfljYl]ehg [`YeY\g \]
!mlada\Y\]Yfl][ahY\Y! hgj ?Yffq FY`f]eYf ] \] !hj]nakg Y^]lanY!hgj
?Yf BadZ]jl+J hgflg fg lYflg im] l]f\]egk Yhj]n]j ]jjgf]Ye]fl]
Y
^]da[a\Y\] ^mlmjY* eYak im] fg Yhj]f\]egk j][mjkanYe]fl] YhYjlaj
\] ]ph]jaf[aYk hYkkY\Yk+
O]egk ]na\f[aYk \] me Zdgim]age]flYd ] \]
\aklgj]k fY eYf]ajY im] \]apYegk \] Yhj]f\]j [ge ]jjgk hYkkY\gk(Yg
hjgb]lYj g ^mlmjg\] fgkkgk ]klY\gk Y^]langk+
Nmh]j]klaeYegk _jgkk]ajYe]fl] Y \mjYg \g ]^]alg \] af^gjlfagk
]e fgkkYkna\Yk+Qg[ h]fkY im] Yh]j\Y \] kmY^gjlmfYgm\] kmYhgkag

YlmYd
k]j} \]nYklY\gjY( eYk hjgnYn]de]fl] ]kl} ]jjY\g+ q eYak hjgn}n]d
im] ng[ k] Y\Yhl] YimYdim]j[gakY([geg hjgnYn]de]fl] ^]r \]hgak \]
af^gjlfagk hYkkY\gk+
Qg[ hg\] k]flaj meY hgflY\Y \] \gj( eYk ]dYfg
k]j} lg jmae imYflg k] ]kh]jY+@kk]lahg \] ]jjg \] hj]\ag hg\] l]j
me hjghkalg7 eglanYj*fgk Y]p][mlYj YlgkOSVUXZGTZKY
%[geg [gehjYj
[Yjjgk fgngk gm^a[Yjja[g&] ]nalYjim] [gjjYegk []jlgk jak[gk \]kf][]k*
k}jagk+@akkg hYjl] \] me hjgZd]eY eYak_]jYd7fk( `meYfgk( \]n]egk
]f_YfYj me hgm[g Yfk e]kegk g[YkagfYde]fl]+ N]_mf\g Yl]gjaY \Y
Ymlg*]f_YfYg\] Ojan]jk( akkg\]n]jaY fgk gja]flYj ^YngjYn]de]fl] ]e
\aj]g Yg^mlmjg+HYk YYmlg*]f_YfYgfg meY [YjY[l]jkla[Y\]k]*
b}n]d^gjY\] k]m\gefag fYlmjYd+
@dY
hj]naf] im] [gjjYegk Yd_mfkjak[gk
\]kf][]kk}jagk * eYk naegk fg >Yhlmdg3 [geg ]dYfg [gZj] lg hjgf*
lYe]fl] meY kja] \] jak[gkeg\]jfgk im] fg l]e]egk hgj fg k]j]e
nna\gk([geg jak[gk\] afn]klae]flg( h]ja_gk YeZa]flYakgmk]_mjYfYY
dgf_g hjYrg+

N] k]mljYZYd`g k]j na\]fl]( \]k[j]n]f\g g ^mlmjgYgmljgk egjlYak e]*

fgk hjanad]_aY\gk(ng[ bmd_Y\gh]dg ejalg \] kmYkhj]nak]k+
C]d]fg( ]e 0 8RhGJG&
]jY me lahg \a^]j]fl] \] na\]fl]+ Aad`g\] KjY*
eg ] \] C[mZY(]jY g `ge]e eYak]kh]jlg fg ]pj[alg \] OjaY+Aga]d]
im]e( kgZlgjlmjY(\akk] YgkYj[}\a[gk [geg [YhlmjYjaYeOjaY%YhYj]f*
l]e]fl]( fg hj]nam im] ]d] hjhjag k]jaY[YhlmjY\g&+
HYk fg ]jY akkg
im] g \aklaf_maY+
C]d]fg( \a^]j]fl]e]fl]
\] gmljgkna\]fl]k( ]jY [YhYr\]
hj]n]j UVGYYGJU[ge _jYf\] hj][akg * k]e im] d`] \]kk]e imYdim]j
\]lYd`] kgZj] g hYkkY\g+@d]^YraY
hj]nak]k Yg[gflj}jag+
Igkkg hjgZd]eY fg Yh]fYkim] fg kYZ]egk g ^mlmjg* lYeZe
fg kYZ]egk emalg kgZj] g hYkkY\g+Kj][akYegk emalg \] Yd_me[geg
C]d]fg( k] imak]jegk [gf`][]j Y`akljaY+Q]bYegk [geg+

>gfka\]j] g k]_mafl] ]ph]jae]flg

e]flYd im] h]_m]a ]ehj]klY\g \]
e]mk Yea_gk<Yjgf =jgof ] KYmd
Radegll7
=VKXGedU. #UJKXXKZOSKTZU
JU I[HU JK MKRU$aeY_af] me [mZg\] _]dg
] [gfka\]j] [geg ]d] hg\] \]jj]l]j fYk hjpaeYk \mYk`gjYk ]fimYflg

ng[ bg_YYd_meYkjg\Y\Yk \] him]j [ge gk Yea_gk+ O]fl] nakdmeZjYj

g ^gjeYlg \Y hgY \$}_mYj]kmdlYfl]+
=VKXGedU/ #JK UTJK \KOUG bM[G/$->gfka\]j]
meY hgY \$}_mY fg
[`g+ <_gjY l]fl] j][gfkljmaj e]flYde]fl]
Y ^gjeY \g [mZg im] ]dY
hg\] l]j ka\g Yfl]k+ JZk]jn] im] YhgY hg\] fg f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
l]j k]
gja_afY\g YhYjlaj \] me [mZg \] _]dg+
< k]_mf\Y gh]jYg eYak \a^[ad+C]d]fg j]Yde]fl] \]n] l]j ka\g lY*
d]flgkg+
< \a^]j]fY ]flj] gk \gak hjg[]kkgk j]ka\] fg k]_mafl]7 k] ng[ hgkkmaj
gk eg\]dgk []jlgk %]Yd_me l]ehg \akhgfn]d( Yde \] fY\Y e]d`gj hYjY
^Yr]j&(hg\]j} hj]n]j [ge _jYf\] hj][akg [geg g [mZg \] _]dg \]jj]l]j}
* ]kk] me hjgZd]eY ]kh][^a[g \] ]f_]f`YjaY ak]flg \] [gehd]pa\Y\](
eYak ^}[ad\g im] g hjgZd]eY ]fngdn]f\g
YkZgdYk\] Zad`Yj+Ig ]flYflg(
ng[ hg\] [gfkljmaj af^afalgk [mZgk \] _]dg hgkkn]ak Y hYjlaj \Y hgY
\$}_mY(k] im] j]Yde]fl] `gmn] me [mZg \] _]dg Yda+
< hjae]ajY \aj]*
g( \g [mZg \] _]dg | hgY( [`YeY\Y \] !hjg[]kkg LUX]GXIR"%hYjYY
^j]fl]&+ < k]_mf\Y \aj]g( g !hjg[]kkg HGIQ]GXIR"%hYjYlj}k( afn]jkg&(
emalg( emalg eYak [gehda[Y\Y+ J hjg[]kkg LUX]GXJ _]jYde]fl] mkY\g
fY ^ka[Y] fY ]f_]f`YjaY8 g hjg[]kkg HGIQ]GXJ]e YZgj\Y_]fk `aklja[Yk
fg ]ph]jae]flYak ] fg j]h]ln]ak+
?] []jlg eg\g( YkdaealY]k im] fgk aeh]\]e
\] \]k^jalYj me gng
lYeZe fgk aeh]\]e
\] Yhda[Yj]f_]f`YjaY j]n]jkY fY `akljaY+
<_gjY Yme]flYj]a me hgmimaf`g Y [gehd]pa\Y\]
\g hjgZd]eY
LUX]GXJ'HGIQ]GXJ&
hj]kmeaf\g
im] `} fg daf]Yja\Y\]+ Oge]egk
g im]
_]jYde]fl] [`YeY\g \] hYjY\a_eY \Y !ZgjZgd]lY fY df\aY! \Y \ak[mk*
kg \Y \]k[gZ]jlY \] Ggj]fr fg [YhlmdgYfl]jagj+ >geg naegk( me h]*
im]fg ]klemdg ]e me kakl]eY [gehd]pg hg\] d]nYj Y j]kmdlY\gk fg
Yd]Yljagk_jYf\]k( \]h]f\]f\g
\] [gf\a]k emalg ]kh][aYak+PeY fa*
[Y ZgjZgd]lY ZYl]f\g YkYkYk]e IgnY ?da hg\] k]j YIG[YG[]jlY \] me
^mjY[g fY >YjgdafY \g Igjl]( sh]kYj \] g ^mjY[g k kmj_aj \gak Yfgk
\]hgak+ >gflm\g( JGJV(GUHYKX\GedU
JK [S L[XGIdUTG 2GXUROTG
JU <UXZK&
im]klagf}n]d im] k] hgkkY \][a^jYj Yk[YmkYk[ge imYdim]j hj][akg7
]pakl]e Zad`]k \] Zad`]k \] [gakYkh]im]fYk [geg ZgjZgd]lYk ZYl]f\g
YkYk]e OaeZmclm gm [Y[`gjjgk k]dnY_]fk ]khajjYf\g fY <mklj}daYim]
hg\]jaYe l]j [YmkY\g g ^mjY[g+ J hjg[]kkg \Y ZgjZgd]lY Yg ^mjY[g
emalg eYak kaehd]k \g im] g hjg[]kkg j]n]jkg JU ^mjY[g GZfYZgjZgd]lY
]e hgl]f[aYd+

*IY [mdlmjY_]jYd( Y[gf^mkg ]flj] gk \gak hjg[]kkgk \]kYkljgkYe]f*

l] \a^mf\a\Y+ @kkYe]l}^gjY \Y !ZgjZgd]lY fY f\aY! ]f_Yfgm h]dg e]*
fgk me [af]YklY+Kgj ]p]ehdg( 7GVVKTYZGTIK%lYeZe [gf`][a\g
[geg
J HGZKX
JGYGYGYJK [SG HUXHURKZG$&
^ade] ^YdY\g]e ^jYf[k \aja_a\g hgj
me []jlg GYmj]fl Aajg\]( nakYnY]f[gjYbYj Ykh]kkgYk Y k] [gf[]fljY*
j]e fYk h]im]fYk [gakYkim] hg\]e
em\Yj Y\aj]g \] kmYkna\Yk+@a(
b} im] me* ]n]flg h]im]fg
%meY hlYdY [Yaf\g fg [`g ] [`YeYf\g
kmYYl]fg& hg\] d]nYj ng[ Y ]k[gd`]j meY h]kkgY ] fg gmljY [geg
[gehYf`]ajY
hYjY lg\Y Y na\Y( ng[ \]n]jaY k] [gf[]fljYj
f]kk]k \]lY*
d`]k emalg h]im]fgk+ I]e
g [af]YklY f]e gk [jla[gk h]j[]Z]jYe
im]
]klYnYe da\Yf\g [ge g hjg[]kkg HGIQ]GXJ' ]pakl]e ljad`]k \]kkYk
h]im]fYk [gakYkfg \][gjj]j
\] me fa[g \aY( ] ]pYeafYj lg\Yk ]dYk]kl}
Yde \] fgkkg Yd[Yf[]+

K]fk] ]e me [gehmlY\gj
h]kkgYd+Qg[ hg\] mkYj me hjg_jYeY \]
hdYfad`YkhYjY _]jYj meY k]if[aY Yd]YljaY(meY km[]kkg \] hgflgk
im] hg\]egk
[`YeYj \] `akljaY+ >geg; J hjg_jYeY \] [gehmlY\gj
j]khgf\]
Y meY ]imYg emalg [gehda[Y\Y \] fYlmj]rY fg daf]Yj im]
_]jY fe]jgk
YhYj]fl]e]fl]
jYf\ea[gk+ < ]imYg emalg kaehd]k7
k] ng[ kgmZ]j imYd( hg\]j} hj]n]j Y k]if[aY+ Ig ]flYflg( imYk]
aehgkkn]d hYjYme k]j `meYfg Yhda[Yj]f_]f`YjaY j]n]jkY fY ]imYg ]
hj]n]j gmljYkk]if[aYk+ @klgm^YdYf\g kgZj] me hjg_jYeY \] [gehmlY*
\gj kaehd]k \] meY daf`Y %[`YeY\g \] !l]fl eYh!& _]jYf\g me hmf`Y\g
\] hgflgk \] \Y\gk( ] fg \gk Zad`]k \] ]n]flgk kaemdl~f]gk im] [gfk*
lalm]e Y`akljaY j]Yd \g emf\g+ @e gmljYk hYdYnjYk(e]keg im] Y`ak*
ljaY ^gkk] meY kja] fg Yd]YljaY_]jY\Y hgj meY !]imYg \g emf\g!(
] [gfka\]jYf\g
im] Yhda[Yj]f_]f`YjaY j]n]jkY Y lYd]imYg fg hYj][]
]klYj Yg Yd[Yf[] \Yk hgkkaZada\Y\]k `meYfYk( ]dY\]n]jaY k]j [gfka\]jY\Y
Yd]YljaY] fg gkl]flYj g fge] \] ![Ygk \]l]jeafkla[g!+
Jk `aklgjaY*
\gj]k \]n]jaYe eYfl]j \akl~f[aY \Y l]gjaY \g [Ygk ] \Yk \a^a[md\Y\]k \Y
]f_]f`YjaY j]n]jkY( ]p[]lg hYjY\ak[mlaj Ykhjghja]\Y\]k _]jYak \g emf\g
] Yhj]f\]j gk daeal]k \g im] fg hg\]e kYZ]j+
Dkkge] d]nYYme hjgZd]eY eYagj [ge g ljYZYd`g \gk `aklgjaY\gj]k+
>gdg[Yj]a g hjgZd]eY ^mf\Ye]flYd \Y hj}la[Y \Y k]_mafl] eYf]ajY7 ]f*
imYflg( l]gja[Ye]fl](
YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] meY hjghja]\Y\]
afljfk][Y( fY

hj}la[Y YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] OTLUXSGedU

OTIUSVRKZG&
g im] [`Yeg \] UVGIO'
JGJK fg >Yhlmdg.+
Ig*hjYla[Yfl]k \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] fg [gehj]]f\]e
Ykmlad]rY+
Aj]*
i]fl]e]fl](
]e [gf^]jf[aYk( imYf\g e] gmn]e ^YdYj
kgZj] af[]jl]rY
] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\](^adkg^gk(
] |k n]r]k eYl]e}la[gk( h]jlmjZYe*e] kgZj] g
hgflg e]fgk j]d]nYfl]( im] k] YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] im] YZgj\g !Yd]Ylgja]*
\Y\] n]j\Y\]ajY! gm ![Ygk \]l]jeafkla[g! \ak^YjY\g\] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+
Pe kakl]eY Yd]Yljagn]j\Y\]ajg j]Yde]fl] Yd]Yljag] fg hgkkmahjg*
hja]\Y\]k hj]nakn]ak+Pe kakl]eY [Yla[g hgkkmahjghja]\Y\]k afl]ajY*
e]fl] hj]nakn]ak(eYk \a^[adkYZ]jimYakkg+KgjlYflg( eaf`Y j]khgklY
Y]d]k \mhdY7
Y&IY hj}la[Y(fg ]pakl] \a^]j]fY ^mf[agfYd]flj] gk \gak( b}im] fmf*
[Y [gfk]_maj]egk \aklaf_ma*Dgk
* Y\a^]j]fY eYl]e}la[Y ] fg hj}la*
[Y+N]n]bg meY emd`]j _j}na\Y(g k]pg \Y [jaYfY meY im]klg afl]ajY*
e]fl] Yd]YljaY
hYjYeae %meY[`Yf[] \] 2- hgj []flg hYjY[Y\Y k]pg&
* eYk fg hYjYg e\a[g \]dY(im] hg\] l]j j]YdarY\gme mdljY*kge+IY
hj}la[Y(YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] ( ^mf\Ye]flYde]fl]( af^gjeYg af[gehd]lY+
Z&J kaehd]k ^Ylg\] im] meY h]kkgY]kl} ^YdYf\gkgZj] Y\a^]j]fY
km_]j] im] ]dYfmf[Y l]f`Y lgeY\g meY \][akg ka_fa^a[YlanY
kgZ [gf*
\a]k \] af[]jl]rY * ] hgj akkgim] fg h]j[]Z] im] gk kakl]eYkkg
af\aklaf_mn]akfY hj}la[(Y+
<d]Ylgja]\Y\]( fg ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( Yh]fYk \]k[gf`][ae]flg+
J
emf\g ghY[g ] YkYhYjf[aYk]f_YfYe+

PeY hYdYnjY
^afYdkgZj] `akljaY+
< `akljaY [geg me emk]m Ygf\] hg\]egk aj hYjYn]j g j]hgkaljag
\g hYkkY\g] kYZgj]Yjg [`Yje] \gk l]ehgk Yfla_gk+@dY me ]kh]d`g
eYjYnad`gkg fg imYdhg\]egk n]j fgkkYkhjhjaYk fYjjYlanYk+
Kg\]*k]
Yl jYklj]Yj g hYkkY\gYljYnk\Y Yf}dak]\] ?I<+ @m_gklg \] `akljaY
dal]j}jaY+
< `akljaYYfla_YkYlak^Yr
e]m \]k]bg \] [gfkljmaj eaf`Y hjhjaY
YmlgfYjjYlanY(
eaf`Y a\]fla\Y\]( [gf][lYj*e] [ge eaf`Yk %[gehda[Y*
\Yk&jYr]k\g H]\al]jj~f]g Jja]flYd+<l hj]^ajg gk j]dYlgk\] danjgkeYak
Yfla_gk] ]na\]fl]e]fl]
e]fgk hj][akgk Ygkeg\]jfgk+ @flj] gk Ymlgj]k
im] j]da %geYagj l]kl] hYjYkYZ]jk] _gklY\] me ]k[jalgj k] ng[ g j]*
d]m&(
gk im] e] ne | e]fl] kg gk k]_mafl]k7KdmlYj[g(Ganq(Nm]lgfamk(

?ag\gjmk Na[mdmk(
BaZZgf( >Yjdqd](M]fYf ] Ha[`]d]l+ @kk]kj]dYlgk]klg
]na\]fl]e]fl]
YZYapg\g hY\jg( imYf\g [gehYjY\gk [ge gk ljYZYd`gk
\] `gb] * kg dYj_Ye]fl] Yf]\la[gk ] j]hd]lgk \] ealgk+ HYk ]m k]a
\akkg+
< `akljaY ladh]dY]egg \] k] kYZ]jg hYkkY\g] h]dYfYjjYlanY
%j]Yde]fl]&(\]k\] im] h]jeYf]Y meY fYjjYlanYafg^]fkanY+?]n]*k]
Yhj]f\]j [ge ]plj]eg [ma\Y\g+< `akljaY([]jlYe]fl]( fg me dm_Yj
hYjYl]gjarYj f]e hYjY\]janYj [gf`][ae]flg
_]jYd(lYehgm[g \]n] Ybm*
\Yj fg ^mlmjg(k]e Yd_me[ma\Y\g+Kg\]egk gZl]j [gf^ajeYg f]_YlanY
\Y `akljaY(g im] l]e me nYdgjaf[Yd[md}n]d(
eYk gZl]egk [ge ]dYema*
lYkadmk]k\] [gf`][ae]flg+
J im] e] ljYr fgnYe]fl] YH]fg\glg ] YgljYlYe]flg \g hjgZd]eY
\g h]jm ] [geg fg k]j me ljgmpY]e j]dYgYghYkkY\g+
< YZgj\Y_]e
mkY\Yh]dg e\a[g ]ehja[g ]e j]dYgYghjgZd]eY \Y af\mg ^gaYGHKX
`akljaYk]e l]gjarYj YhYjlaj \]dY+<hj]f\Y Yd]j `akljaY(h]_m] lg\g g
[gf`][ae]flg
im] hm\]j( fg ]kfgZ] YYf]\glY( eYk fg [ja] f]f`meY
da_Yg[YmkYd(
fg l]fl] ^Yr]j ]f_]f`YjaY j]n]jkY \]eYak * eYk( k] ^ar]j(
fg ^YY_jYf\]k Yd]_Y]k[a]fl^a[Yk+
G]eZj] im] gk [la[gk ]ehja[gk
laf`Ye j]kh]alg h]dg [gklme]7 mladarYnYe*fg[geg me hY\jg( meY ZYk]
hYjYYYg(] hYjYfY\Y eYakYde \akkg+@d]k[`YeYnYe ]kkYYZgj\Y_]e
daehY\g hYkkY\g\] KVORUMOYSU(a
HYk YeYagjaY\gk `aklgjaY\gj]k l]e gmljYghafag+ >gfka\]j] Yaf*
ljgkh][g j]hj]k]flYlanY J W[Kf NOYZiXOG/&
\] @\oYj\ CYdd]ll>YjjgQg[
aj} ]f[gflj}*Dg h]jk]_maf\g ]phda[alYe]fl] Y[YmkYg[geg me Ykh][lg
[]fljYd \] k]mljYZYd`g+Qg[ hg\] aj eYak Ydlg7C]jg\glmk( la\g [geg g
hYa\g Ykkmflg(\]^afam k]mhjghkalg fY YZ]jlmjY\] kmYgZjY7
KYjYhj]k]jnYj meY e]ejaY \gk ^]algk\gk _j]_gk ] \gk Z}jZYjgk(
!] ]e hYjla[mdYj(
Yde \] lm\g eYak(hYjYYljaZmajmeY IG[YGV_ja^g
e]mWhYjYdmlYj]e ]flj] ka!+
Q*k] g e]keg [ge lg\gk gk l]ja[gk \Y `akljaY(k]bYDZfF`Yd\gmf(
HYjp gmC]_]d+LmYflg eYak l]flYegk ljYfk^gjeYj Y`akljaY]e imYd*
im]j [gakYim] fg meY ]fme]jYg \] j]dYlgkYk]j \]k^jmlY\Y[ge g
Tg_a =]jjY hg\]jaY l]j meY l]gjaY \g ]hadg_akeg [ge g \alY\g7 !Qg[ hg\] gZk]jnYj emalY
[gakYYh]fYk gd`Yf\g+!

efaeg \] l]gjarYg( eYak l]egk hjgZd]eYk+ Ngegk lg Y^da_a\gkYkkae

h]dY ^Yd}[aYfYjjYlanY;*
Kg\]egk l]j im] ]kh]jYj hgj meY _]jYg \] `aklgjaY\gj]k [la[g*
]ehajaklYk [YhYr]k \] [gehj]]f\]j
Y\a^]j]fY ]flj] me hjg[]kkg hYjYY
^j]fl] ] me hjg[]kkg j]n]jkg+
<kkae [geg Kghh]j YlY[gmgk `aklgja[aklYk hgj ^Yr]j]e Yd]_Y]kkg*
Zj] g ^mlmjg(Y[YZg\] Yhj]k]flYj Yk^jYim]rYk \Y YZgj\Y_]e `aklja[Y fg
hjg[]kkg \] [gf`][]j
g hjhjag VGYYGJU(
?]hgak \]kkY \ak[mkkg kgZj] []_m]ajY imYflg Yg ^mlmjg %] imYflg Yg
hYkkY\g&(n]bYegk g im] k] hg\] ^Yr]j Yj]kh]alg+ IglYn]de]fl](
]pakl]e
e]\a\Yk ]plj]eYe]fl]
hj}la[Yk im] hg\]egk lgeYj+ Dkkg g im] ]phdg*
jYj]egk Yk]_ej+

@9.]

,:0660=# 9 :48>9<# 9? 9 ;?0

1,D =0 8Z9 =9?-0< :<0@0<+"

OaV| CDUDQH@
BNAQ@Q
ONQBNMRDKGNR
PTD Wwve ODRRN@R
& 6HMG@NOHMH[N
&
7HMFT]L R@ADM@C@%
L@R%
ODKNLDMNR%
DKDR@ADCHRRN
& Ow YEDRS@R

N]jaYmeY ZgY a\aY j]kaklaj Y YfYdg_aYkaf_fmYk imYf\g k] gd`Y hYjY g hYkkY\g+HmalYk

h]kkgYk[gehYjYjYe gk @klY\gkPfa\gk$\] `gb] | MgeY Yfla_Y(lYflg \g hgflg \] naklYea*
dalYj%Y\]kljmag \] >YjlY_g ^ga ^j]i]fl]e]fl]
[alY\Y [geg af[]flang hYjYY\]kljmag
\] j]_ae]k afaea_gk& imYflg \g kg[aYd%gkYnakgkZYfYak] afl]jeaf}n]ak \] \][dfag ] im]\Y
aeaf]fl]k&+ Df^]dare]fl]( hj][akYegk k]j ]plj]eYe]fl]
[ma\Y\gkgk Yg ljYfkhgj [gf`][a*
e]flg \] me YeZa]fl] kaehd]k im] ]kl} eYak hjpaeg \g lahg .( [geg g im] lf`Yegk fY
<fla_a\Y\]( hYjYg kakl]eY [gehd]pg \] lahg / \] `gb]( [ge j]\]k afljaf[Y\Yk \] da_Y]k
[YmkYak+
Jmljg ]jjg ]dYZgjYj[gf[dmk]k [YmkYak
YhYjlaj \Y Ymkf[aY\] _m]jjY fm[d]Yj( b}
im]( [alYf\g g Yj_me]flg \] >YkYfgnY\g >Yhlmdg5( ]m j]h]lajaY im] fg ]klYjYegk Yima
[Ykg meY _m]jjY fm[d]Yj lan]kk] g[gjja\g( ] fg meY ZgY a\aY hYjYfk \]janYjegk meY
![YmkY!imYf\g fgkkY kgZj]nanf[aY ]kl} [gf\a[agfY\Y Y]kkY[YmkY+

Ig me Zge `}Zalg ]f[`]j me l]plg [ge [alY]k \] h]fkY\gj]k hjg]*

eaf]fl]k(
]p[]lg hYjY ^Yr]j _jYY\]d]k gm hYjY g^]j][]j meY j]^]jf[aY
`aklja[Y+ @d]k!^Yr]e k]fla\g!( eYk e}paeYk im] kgYe Z]e k] aeh]e
| fgkkY [j]\mda\Y\] ] f]e k]ehj] j]kakl]e Yl]kl]k ]ehja[gk+ KgjlYflg(
]k[gd`a Y k]_mafl] Y^ajeYg \g kmh]j^adkg^g =]jljYf\ Mmkk]ddhj][akY*
e]fl] hgjim] \ak[gj\g \]dY+
< \]eYf\Y hgj []jl]rY fYlmjYdYg `ge]e(
eYk fg \]apY \] k]j
me n[ag afl]d][lmYd+N] ng[ d]nYj k]mk^ad`gk hYjY me haim]faim]
]e me \aY \mna\gkg( ]d]k ]pa_ajg meY j]khgklY \g_e}la[Y im]

@kl] [Yhlmdgg^]j][] meY [gf[dmkg _]jYd hYjY Yim]d]k im]( Y]kkYYdlmjY(\ar]e7 !OYd]Z(
]fl]f\g
g hgflg( eYk g im] \]ng ^Yr]j;! Haf`Y j]khgklY im] k] ng[ ]fl]f\]m g hgflg(
b} ]kl} hjYla[Ye]fl] d}+HYk `} me ]ehmjjg+

\a_Yk] g [daeY ]klYj}Zge gmk] [`gn]j}( ] ^a[Yjg\][]h[agfY\gk

[ge ng[ imYf\g fg lan]j []jl]rY +++
HYk]fimYflg gk `ge]fk fg ^gj]e ZXKOTGJUY
V_ja^ge]mWhYjY
]nalYj ^Yr]j bmd_Ye]flgk fY Ymkf[aY\] ]na\f[aYk( ]d]k k]jg \]*
k]f[Yeaf`Y\gk hgj hjg^]lYk ]p[]kkanYe]fl] Ymlg[gf^aYfl]k %+++
&
@pakl]meY \ak[ahdafYYhjghjaY\YhYjYg Yhj]f\arY\g \] [Y\Ynaj*
lm\]( ] hYjYg Yhj]f\arY\g \Y kmkh]fkg \] bmd_Ye]flg Ye]d`gj
\ak[ahdafY Y^adgkg^aY+

g d]algj hg\] ^a[Yjkmjhj]kg im] ]m \ak[gj\]+ q \a^[ad\ak[gj\Yj im] Y

\]eYf\Y hgj []jl]rY me n[agafl]d][lmYd+q \a^[ad\ak[gj\Yj im] hg*
\]egk k]j \]k]f[Yeaf`Y\gk hgj Yd_mehjg^]lY ]p[]kkanYe]fl] Ymlg[gf*
^aYfl]+Jf\] kgmgZja_Y\g Y\ak[gj\Yj [ge ]kk] _jYf\] `ge]e im] fg
Y[j]\alg fg `aklja[g \Y !^adgkg^aY!
Y[gfk]d`Y\gjY ]e Ybm\Yj*fgkYda\Yj
[ge g hjgZd]eY8 lYehgm[g Y[j]\alg im] najlm\]k hgkkYe k]j ]fkafY\Yk
LGIORSKTZK&
f]e af[]flang Ykh]kkgYkYk] ]k^gjYj]e hYjYim] ]nal]e ^Y*
r]j bmd_Ye]flgk+Kgj im; Kgjim] \]n]egk da\Yj [ge `meYfgk [geg
`meYfgk+ Ig hg\]egk KTYOTGX
Ykh]kkgYkYkmkh]f\]j]e bmd_Ye]flgk8
bmd_Ye]flgk]klg af[jmklY\gk fg eg\g h]dg imYdn]egk gZb]lgk+@mfg
n]bg meY !}jngj]!8 n]bg meY }jngj] Y_jY\}n]dgmmeY }jngj] ^]aY+
Ig
hgkkn]dYZkl]j*k] \gk h]im]fgk nYdgj]kim] YljaZmegk|k im]kl]k
k]e me ]k^gjg ]fgje] ] hYjYdakYfl]+
?Y e]keY ^gjeY( fg hgkkn]d
eYfl]j meY kalmYg]e e]fl] k]e Yd_me]d]e]flg \] hYj[aYda\Y\]+
<d_g ]e fgkkY im]ja\Y fYlmj]rY `meYfY ^Yr[ge im] \]k]b]egk Y[j]*
\alYj8] \Y;
?]k\] <jakll]d]k( gk ^adkg^gk
]fkafYjYe*fgk im] kgegk YfaeYakim]
h]fkYe hjg^mf\Ye]fl] ] im] hg\]egk Yhj]f\]j YljYnk\g jY[ag[fag+
G]ngmYd_mel]ehg Yl im] k] \]k[gZjakk] im] \] ^Ylgh]fkYegk( eYk
im] fYjjYegk \] lj}k hYjY9d7 ^j]fl] eYakhjgflYe]fl] hYjYim] l]f`Yegk
Yadmkg\] [gehj]]fkg
] hgkkYegk [gZjaj fgkkYkY]khYkkY\Yk+
Ig
eafmlg ]e im] ]kim][]egk ]kk] hgflg( g !Ddmeafakeg! n]ag hYjY]f^a}*
.- h]dYk]_mf\Y n]r ]e fgkkYk[YZ]Yk+
@mhj]^]jajaY\]_jY\Yj*fgk( gk `meYfgk( Yme fn]d[]jlYe]fl] Y[aeY
\] gmljgk YfaeYak[gf`][a\gk( eYk fg ]pYlYe]fl] a_mYd
Yg\g `ge]e
gdeha[g a\]Ydim] hg\] YZkgjn]j Y^ajeY]k^adgk^a[Yk
] Y_aj\] Y[gj\g
[ge ]dYk+
IY n]j\Y\]( k] Y^adgkg^aY
^gkk] ZdU]^a[Yr(Yk]g \] Ymlg*Ybm\Y
\Y danjYjaY
dg[Ydl]jaY Yd_meYmlada\Y\]fg [gfkgdg \] YdeYkim] k]fl]e

\gj * eYk fg +Ik fgk ]kim][]egk \] ^adgkg^Yj

imYf\g ]klYegk ]p*
l]fmY\gk+
>gf[dmaj]a ]klY k]g kgZj] hj]\ag [ge Yk\mYkda]kYk]_maj*
meY emalg [mjlY %hYjY
Ykim]kl]k h]im]fYk& ] gmljYZYklYfl]]pl]fkY
%hYjY
Yk\][ak]k _jYf\]k ] aehgjlYfl]k&+
3=A9 KFCFR
EFJ CL?9I=J ;=IKFJ

< daghYjYYkim]kl]k h]im]fYk 7YKPG

N[SGTU <[]al] im] k]j `meYfg
]fngdn] []jlY \gk] \] Yjjg_~f[aY ]haklea[Y fY Y\eafakljYg \] k]mk
Y^Yr]j]k+Ig l]f`Y n]j_gf`Y \akkg+Ig l]fl] kmkh]f\]j bmd_Ye]flgk
k]ehj] * ghafa]k kg Y]kkf[aY \Y na\Y+Ig l]fl] ]nalYj^Yr]j hj]na*
k]k * kae( \]hgak \]kkY \aYljaZ] kgZj] hj]\ag M[N ]klgm aeh]daf\g
ng[ Yl]flYj \]apYj \] k]j lgdg+<h]fYk k]bYlgdg fgk dm_Yj]k[]jlgk+$
J im] ng[ \]n]jaY ]nalYj Y\]h]f\f[aY \]kf][]kk}jaY \] hj]\a]k
hj]bm\a[aYak\] _jYf\] ]k[YdY
* ] Yh]fYk]kkYkhj]\a]k+ @nal]gk _jYf\]k
Ykkmflgkim] hg\]e hj]bm\a[Yj k]m^mlmjg7k]bY]f_YfY\g ]e im]kl]k
h]im]fYk( ] fg fYk_jYf\]k+ Ig \ gmna\gkYhj]nakgj]k ][gfea[gk gm
Yhj]nakgj]k fYk [af[aYkkg[aYak%]d]kkg e]jgk ^gjf][]\gj]k \] ]flj]l]*
fae]flg&( eYk ^YYkmYhj]nakg hYjYg haim]faim]+ Ig \]ap] \] ]pa_aj
[]jl]rY hYjYg hjpaeg haim]faim] * eYk ]nal] hj]nak]k _gn]jfYe]f*
lYakkgZj] Ykkaklf[aY
kg[aYdhYjY/-1-+
NYaZY
[Yl]_gjarYj [j]fYk fg \] Y[gj\g [ge YhdYmkaZada\Y\]
\]dYk(]
kae h]dg \Yfg im] hg\]e [YmkYj+

J d]algj hg\] k]flaj \]k[gf^gjlg Yg d]j kgZj] gk ^jY[Ykkgk_]jYak]e k]

n]j g ^mlmjg] hg\] k] h]j_mflYj g im] \]n] ^Yr]j+HYkk] ng[ \]apYj \]
dY\gYa\aY\Y hj]nakaZada\Y\]lglYd(]pakl]e emalYk[gakYkim] hg\]e k]j
^]alYk(\]k\] im] h]jeYf]Y [gfk[a]fl] \] k]mkdaeal]k+NYZ]jim] fg
hg\] ^Yr]j hj]nak]k fg ka_fa^a[Y
im] fg k]bYhgkkn]dk] Z]f]^a[aYj [ge
Yaehj]nakaZada\Y\]+

?Yf BadZ]jl \]egfkljgm

]e me Yjla_g ^Yegkg( !>geg Nakl]eYk H]flYak <[j]\alYe!(
fg kgegk [la[gk fYlmjYak] im] fg Y[j]\alYj ]pa_] _Yklg \] ]f]j_aY e]flYd+

im]

g ^mf\Ye]flYd7

]kl]bYhj]hYjY\g Kj]\a]k ^]alYk[ge ]klj]al]rY hgk*

km]e ]^]alg YfYd_ka[g gm l]jYhmla[g+ @kl]bY[a]fl] \g ]^]alg Yegjl][]*
\gj \] fe]jgk
e}_a[gk+ @kl]bYhj]hYjY\g hYjY lg\Yk Yk]n]flmYda\Y\]k
j]d]nYfl]k+

G]eZj]*k] \gk ]ehja[gk( Yim]d]k e]eZjgk

\Y ]k[gdY _j]_Y \] e]\a[afY
]ehja[Y+ @d]k[gfka\]jYnYe im] k] \]n]jaY eYfl]j Y e]fl]
YZ]jlY fgk
\aY_fkla[gk e\a[gk hYjY im] k] h]jealakk] YhYjla[ahYg \Y kgjl]+ Kgj
kgjl]( me hY[a]fl] hg\] k]j [mjY\g( \a_Yegk( hgj [ge]j Yd_me Ydae]flg
im] Y[a\]flYde]fl]
Y[YZ] k]f\g Y[mjY hYjY kmY\g]fY( \] ^gjeY im] g
ljYlYe]flg hgkkY \]hgak k]j mkY\g ]e hY[a]fl]k hgkl]jagj]k+ J Y[a\]fl]
VUYOZO\U
%[geg g e]\a[Ye]flg
hYjY`ah]jl]fkg
im] hjg\mram Z]f]^[agk
[gdYl]jYakd]nYf\g Yg QaY_jY&]jY g elg\g
[]fljYd \] \]k[gZ]jlY [a]fl*
^a[Y\gk ]ehja[gk+
J e]keg hgflg hg\] k]j _]f]jYdarY\g hYjYYna\Y7eYpaear] Yk]j]f*
\aha\Y\] Yg k]m j]\gj+
N]plmk @ehaja[mk j][gflgm Y `akljaY \] <h]d.]k( g haflgj( im] ]f*
imYflg haflYnY g j]ljYlg \] me [YnYdgl]flYnY j]ljYlYj Y]khmeY \Y Zg[Y
\g YfaeYd+?]hgak \] l]flYj [ge emalg ]k^gjg ] fg gZl]j km[]kkg( ]d]
\]kaklam ]( ajjalY\g( h]_gm Y ]khgfbY im] mkYnYhYjY daehYj gk haf[ak ]
bg_gm*YfY haflmjY+ < ]khgfbY \]apgm meY j]hj]k]flYg h]j^]alY \Y ]k*
hmeY fg dg[Ydgf\] Ylaf_amYhaflmjY+
J elg\g
\] l]flYlanY ] ]jjg ka_fa^a[Yl]flYj emalg+ @e J XKRUPUKO'
XUIKMU&
Ma[`Yj\ ?Yocafk admkljYZjad`Yfl]e]fl]
]kkY fgg \g emf\g
k]e me _jYf\] \]k_fag( egn]f\g*k]
hgj e]ag \] h]im]fYk em\YfYk
Yd]YljaYkaf[j]e]flYak+ JZk]jn] meY h]im]fY \ak[gj\~f[aY \] eaf`Y
hYjl] im] fg em\Y lYflg Y`akljaY7 g emf\g( fY n]j\Y\]( egnae]flY*
k] YljYnk \] MXGTJKY
em\YfYk Yd]YljaYkaf[j]e]flYak+
M]Yde]fl]( fk l]egk \a^a[md\Y\]k hka[gd_a[Yk ] afl]d][lmYak [ge
l]flYlanYk ] ]jjgk( ] lYeZe fg [gfk]_maegk Y[]alYj im] kja]k \] h]*
im]fgk ^jY[Ykkgkkg f][]kk}jaYk fY na\Y+ H]m [gd]_Y HYjc NhalrfY_]d
[gehj]]f\]m
im] fk( `meYfgk( k]flaegk [gfkljYf_ae]flg
]e j]dYg
Y^jY[Ykkgk7!Qg[ hj][akY YeYj hYjYh]j\]j! ]jY k]m d]eY+ IY n]j\Y\]( g
eglang h]dg imYde] k]fla ae]\aYlYe]fl]
| ngflY\] fgk @klY\gkPfa\gk
^ga hj][akYe]fl]
g ^Ylg \] im] Y[mdlmjYYe]ja[YfY ]f[gjYbY g hjg[]kkg

\] ^jY[Ykkg(\a^]j]fl]e]fl]
\] gmljYk [mdlmjYk\Y @mjghY] \Y xkaY fYk
imYakg ^jY[Ykkg j][]Za\g [ge ]kla_eY ] [gfkljYf_ae]flg+
< ]kh][aY*
da\Y\] \gk @klY\gk Pfa\gk [gjj]j ]kk]k h]im]fgk jak[gk h]dg j]klg \g
emf\g( g im] ]phda[Y Y hYjla[ahYg \]khjghgj[agfYd \g hYk]e afg*
nY]k+ PeY n]r ]klYZ]d][a\gk( a\aYk gm hjg\mlgk kg hgkl]jagje]fl]
!Yh]j^]agY\gk! d}+

>ge ^j]if[aY( Ykh]kkgYkle n]j_gf`Y \] h]j\Yk( ]flg Y\glYe ]kljY*

l_aYk im] hjg\mr]e
emalg hgm[Y ngdYlada\Y\]( eYk im] [gfle
g jak[g
\] meY _jYf\] h]j\Y * [geg [YlYj eg]\Yk fY ^j]fl] \] dg[geglanYk+
IY [mdlmjYbYhgf]kY( im] eYd Y\YhlY\Y v Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ] eYd ]imahY*
\Y hYjY [gehj]]f\]j
im] me \]k]eh]f`g
jmae hg\] k]j ^jmlg \g YrYj(
h]j\Yk hg\]e eYf[`Yj hjg^mf\Ye]fl]
Yj]hmlYg \Yk h]kkgYk+<k h]k*
kgYkg\]aYe ngdYlada\Y\]( \] ^gjeY im] Y\glYe ]kljYl_aYk]phgklYk Y]p*
hdgk]k( d]nYf\g Ykma[\agkg[YkagfYak\]hgak \] meY _jYf\] h]j\Y+
<de \g eYak( Yljg[Y ]flj] ngdYlada\Y\] ] jak[g hg\] YhYj][]j ]e [Yj*
j]ajYk im] YhYj]fl]e k]j ]kl}n]ak( [geg ]ehj]_gk fY D=H Yl Y \[Y\Y
\] .66-+ LmYf\g \akh]fkY\g( g ]ehj]_Y\g
]f^j]flY me nYrag [gehd]lg7
]d] \]apgm \] ]klYj Yhlg Y^Yr]j imYdim]j gmljY [gakY+J e]keg nYd]hYjY
Yim]d]k im] ljYZYd`Ye ]e af\kljaYk hjgl]_a\Yk+ Kgj gmljg dY\g( [gfkmd*
lgj]k hg\]e l]j ^YlmjYe]flgk ngd}l]ak v e]\a\Y im] gk ^YlmjYe]flgk \gk
[da]fl]k kgZ]e ] \]k[]e( eYk ]f^j]flYe
me jak[g e]fgj
\] egjj]j
\]
^ge]( hgak kmYk`YZada\Y\]k kmhj]e Y \]eYf\Y * LR[IZ[GZTKI SKXMOZ[X
%^dmlmY
eYk fg Y^mf\Y&+?Y e]keY ^gjeY( \alY\mjYk im] fg hYj][]e
ngd}l]ak( [geg( hgj ]p]ehdg( Y NjaYgm Y<j}ZaY NYm\alY(]f^j]flYe
me
jak[g eYagj \] [Ygk \g im]( \a_Yegk( YDl}daY(
hgak YdlaeY h]jeYf][]
]e
me ]klY\g \] \]kgj\]e
hgdla[Y\]k\] YN]_mf\Y Bm]jjY+<hj]f\a kgZj] g
hjgZd]eY [ge Yaf\kljaY ^afYf[]ajY( fY imYdn]egk ZYfim]ajgk ![gfk]j*
nY\gj]k! k]flY\gk ]e meY had`Y\] \afYeal] eYk im] ]f_YfYe Ykahj*
hjagk hgjim] Ykgh]jY]k hYj][]e egflgfYk ] ak]flYk \] ngdYlada\Y\]+

.453+5:/0+ FERFIMM

@klgmYimal]flYf\g _]f]jYdarYj hYjYYna\Y j]YdYa\aY \Y ]kljYl_aY HGXHKRR

im] mladar]a[geg gh]jY\gj( im] Y k]_mafl]7 k] ng[ kgmZ]j im] ]kl}

nmdf]j}n]dY]jjgk \] hj]\ag ] k] Y[]alYjim] YeYagjaY\Yk !e]\a\Yk \]

jak[g! kg ^Yd`Yk(
hgj [YmkY\g >akf] I]_jg( ]flg kmY]kljYl_aY\]n]j}
k]j Y\] k]j lg `ah]j[gfk]jnY\gj ] lg `ah]jY_j]kkang imYflg hm\]j( ]e
n]r \] k]j Yh]fYkeg\]jY\Ye]fl]
Y_j]kkanggm[gfk]jnY\gj+ @e n]r \]
[gdg[Yj g \af`]ajg ]e afn]klae]flgk \] !jak[g e\ag! %[geg k] kYZ]im]
\] jak[g e\ag; ?Yf\g*k] gmna\gkY!]kh][aYdaklYk!
]e Zmk[Y\] ]klYZa*
da\Y\] fg ]ehj]_g;&( f][]kk}jag [gdg[YjmeY hYjl]( \a_Yegk 52 Y6- hgj
[]flg( ]e afkljme]flgk ]plj]eYe]fl]
k]_mjgk([geg llmdgk\g O]kgmjg
* Y[dYkk]eYak k]_mjY\] afkljme]flgk im] k] hg\] ]f[gfljYj fg hdYf]*
lY+Qg[ [gdg[Ygk .- gm .2 hgj []flg j]klYfl]k ]e YhgklYk]plj]eYe]fl]
]kh][mdYlanYk(
[ge g e}paeg hgkkn]d\] YdYnYf[Y_]e%[geg gh]k&(
hj]^]jan]de]fl] ]e [Yjl]ajYk\] llmdgk\g lahg [ge Yhda[Y]k
]e [YhalYd
\] jak[g #\KTZ[XKIGVOZGR$(a
?]kkY ^gjeY( ng[ fg \]h]f\] \] ]jjgk \] _]*
j]f[aYe]flg \] jak[g8f]f`me >akf] I]_jg hg\] ^]ja*Dg\] b]algf]f`me
Yde \] k]m!hakg!( g h*\]*e]aY ]e afn]klae]flgk eYpaeYe]fl] k]_m*
jgk+Jm( \Y e]keY ^gjeY( ng[ hg\] l]j meY [Yjl]ajY\] llmdgk]kh][mdY*
lanY] k]_mj}*DY
%k]hgkkn]d&
[gfljY h]j\Yk eYagj]k \g im]( hgj ]p]ehdg(
.2 hgj []flg+ Qg[ ]kl} !daealYf\g! g jak[g af[gehml}n]d( Yim]d]im] d`]
hj]bm\a[aYd+
@e n]r \] [gjj]j me jak[g eg\]jY\g( ng[ l]e Ydlgjak[g \]
me dY\g] f]f`me jak[g \g gmljg+< e\aY k]j} me jak[g eg\]jY\g( eYk
[gfklalmameY ]phgkag(kYm\}n]dYg>akf] I]_jg+ HYakl][fa[Ye]fl](
Yd_gim] hg\] k]j [`YeY\g \] [geZafYg ![gfn]pY!+ Q]bYegk [geg
]dYhg\] k]j Yhda[Y\Y
Ylg\gk gk Ykh][lgk\Y na\Y+

?ar]e im] g d]f\}jag jgl]ajaklYRaddaYeBgd\eYf l]jaY _jalY\g !Iaf*

_me kYZ]fY\Y !( ]e j]dYg v hj]nakg \] n]f\Yk \] ^ade]k+<_gjY g
d]algj hg\] k] h]j_mflYj [geg Yd_melg Z]e*km[]\a\g [geg Bgd\eYf
hg\] kYZ]jg im] ^Yr]j k]e j]Ydar|j hj]nak]k+< j]khgklY[gdg[Y\] hgf*
lY*[YZ]Y
Yd_a[Y\] f]_[agk fgjeYde]fl] h]j[]Za\Y+ @d]kYZaY
im] fg
<kk]_mj]*k] \] im] l]f`Y emalYk \]kkYk h]im]fYk YhgklYk8]nal] k]j []_Y\g h]dYnana\]r \]
me fa[g >akf] I]_jg+ O]f`Y lYflYk \]kkYk h]im]fYk YhgklYkimYflg ^gj [gf[]Zan]de]fl]
hgkkn]d+<l ]ehj]kYk \] [YhalYd\] jak[g kg nlaeYk \Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY [ge hgm[Yk`ak*
ljaYk im] !^Yr]e k]fla\g! hYjY ]dYk8]dYkfg le lYflYk YhgklYkimYflg \]n]jaYe+ N] Yk
]ehj]kYk \] [YhalYd\] jak[g kg dm[jYlanYk(akkgfg k] \} hgj [YmkY\Yk `akljaYk im] le
fY [YZ]Y] kae hgjim] ]klg ]phgklYk Y]n]flgk jYjgk fg hdYf]bY\gk+

h$g\]jaYhj]n]j ]n]flgk af\ana\mYak(eYk ]klYnYemalg [gfk[a]fl] \] im]

g aehj]nakn]d* ]kh][a^a[Ye]fl]( me ^lde] k] lgjfYj me YjjYkY*imYjl]a*
j]k * hg\]jaY Z]f]^a[a}*Dgae]fkYe]fl]+
KgjlYflg( Y k]_mf\Y dag eYak Y_j]kkanY7
hg\]*k] j]Yde]fl] lajYj
nYflY_]e \g hjgZd]eY \Y hj]\ag ] \Y Yjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y IY n]j*
\Y\]( kmkh]algim] gk f]_[agk eYakZ]e*km[]\a\gk kg hj][akYe]fl] gk
im] kYZ]e [geg [gflgjfYj Y aehj]nakaZada\Y\] af]j]fl] ] Yl e]keg
]phdgj}*DY+
G]eZj]*k] \Y \ak[mkkgkgZj] Y[gehYf`aY \] Zagl][fgdg_aY[mbgk_]*
j]fl]k [gehj]]f\aYe
im] Y]kkf[aY \Y h]kimakY]kl} fgk \]k[gf`][a\gk
\]k[gf`][a\gk+ K]j[]ZY lYeZe [geg ]d]kY_YjjYjYeYk!imafYk!( gkZa*
d`]l]k \] dgl]jaY_j}lakim] ]pakl]e fg emf\g+
@akYimagk ljmim]k %eg\]klgk&+HYkj]hYj] im]( imYflg eYak eg\]k*
lgk ^gj]e( eYak ]^]langkk]jg+
Y+>XOSKOXU&
LGeG[SG JOYZOTedU
KTZXK
[gflaf_f[aYk hgkalanYkK f]_Y*
lanYk+<hj]f\Y Y \aklaf_maj ]flj] gk ]ehj]]f\ae]flgk
`meYfgk
fgk imYakYYmkf[aY\] hj]nakaZada\Y\]hgkkYk]j %gml]f`Y ka\g&
]plj]eYe]fl]
Z]f^a[Y ] Yim]d]k]e im] Yaf[YhY[a\Y\] \] k] [ge*
hj]]f\]j g ^mlmjg[Ymkgm\Yfgk+ @pakl]e >akf]k I]_jgk hgkalangk
] f]_Ylangk+RaddaYeBgd\eYf ]klYnY]fngdna\g [ge [af]eY( me
f]_[ag \] >akf]k I]_jgk hgkalangk+
<da(g[YkagfYde]fl]( Yaf[]jl]*
rYg^]j][aY j][geh]fkYk+
Pe f]_[ag kmb]algY>akf]k I]_jgk f]_Ylangk g dm_Yj]e im]
g af]kh]jY\g hg\] Ylaf_aj[ge ^gjY] [YmkYj\Yfgk _jYn]k+N]ng[
ljYZYd`Yfg e]ag eadalYj(]e k]_mjgk[gfljY [Yl}kljg^]kgm ]e k]*
_mjYfY[gfljY l]jjgjaklYk( k ]f[YjY hgkkaZada\Y\]kf]_YlanYk+?Y
e]keY ^gjeY( [geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg4( k] ZYf[}jag ] ljYZYd`Y
fg jYeg \] ]ehjklaegk( j]kmdlY\gk*kmjhj]kY
hjgnYn]de]fl] k]*
jg f]_Ylangk hYjYng[+ Qg[ ^Yr]ehjklaegk( ] fY e]d`gj \Yk
`ahl]k]k g ]ehjklaeg hY_g * eYk ng[ hg\] h]j\]j lg\g g
\af`]ajg k] g \]n]\gj ]fljYj ]e egjYljaY+ >Ykgg \]n]\gj \]k*
^jml] me _jYf\] km[]kkg^afYf[]ajg( fg hjgn}n]d im] d`] g^]j]Y
\ana\]f\gk Y\a[agfYak+
<de \Y af\kljaY [af]eYlg_j}^a[Y( ]p]ehdgk \] f]_[agk km*
b]algk Y >akf]k I]_jgk hgkalangkkg7 Yd_mfkk]_e]flgk \g jYeg
]\algjaYd(h]kimakY[a]fl^a[Y] [YhalYak\] jak[g+I]kk]k f]_[agk(

h]j\]*k] hgm[g hYjYk] _Yf`Yj emalg+O]e*k] hgm[g Yh]j\]j hgj

danjg ]( hgj eglangk [gehd]lYe]fl]
af]kh]jY\gk( imYdim]j danjg
hg\] k]j me _jYf\] km[]kkg+J dY\g f]_Ylang h]im]fg ] ^Y[ad*
e]fl] [gfljgd}n]d+ J hjgZd]eY [ge ]\algj]k( gZnaYe]fl]( im]
]d]khY_Ye j]_mdYje]fl] hgj danjgk(^Yr]f\g Ykkae[ge im] YknYf*
lY_]fk k]bYeZYklYfl]daealY\Yk] Yk\]knYflY_]fk egfkljmgkYk+%N]
ng[ hY_Yj.- ead`]k \] \dYj]k hgj me danjg(k]m >akf] I]_jg
k]j} g danjgfg k] lgjfYj me Z]kl k]dd]j+&
?Y e]keY ^gjeY( Yh]kYj
\] Yl][fgdg_aY l]j g hgl]f[aYd \] g^]j][]j _jYf\]k j][geh]fkYk(
hY_Yjh]dY`akljaY \g ege]flg(
[geg ^ar]jYe [ge YZgd`Y\Yk
]ehj]kYk \] Dfl]jf]l( hg\] lgjfYj imYdim]j nYflY_]e daealY\Y]
imYdim]j \]knYflY_]e _a_Yfl]k[Y+J Z]f]^a[a}jag \g >akf] I]_jg
g [YhalYdaklY
im] da\Y[ge [YhalYd\] jak[g im] afn]klam]e meY
[gehYf`aY ]kh][mdYlanY
] n]f\]m kmYhYjl] hYjYafn]kla\gj]k k]e
aeY_afYg(] fg gk afn]kla\gj]k im] k]_m]e l]f\f[aYk+
I ]kk]kf]_[agk( ng[ kgjlm\g k] fg kgmZ]jfY\Y * ]kh][aYd*
e]fl] k] gk gmljgk lYeZe fg kYZ]e fY\Y( eYk fg le [gfk*
[af[aY \akkg+@ng[ aj} k] kYaje]d`gj k] kgmZ]j gf\] j]ka\] kmY
a_fgj~f[aY( k] ^gj g fa[g hjg[mjYf\g h]dgk danjgkfg da\gk(hgj
Ykkae\ar]j+ Dkkgk] ]f[YapYh]j^]alYe]fl] [ge Y]kljYl_aYHGXHKRR
\] k] gZl]j g e}Eaeg \] ]phgkag Ygk>akf]k I]_jgk hgkalangk]
\] k] h]jeYf][]j hYjYfa[g ]e j]dYgYgkf]_Ylangk+KYjYY]phg*
kagYg>akf] I]_jg hgkalangfg f][]kk}jag l]j imYdim]j [ge*
hj]]fkg hj][akY\Y ]kljmlmjY\Y af[]jl]rY+ <[`g \a^[ad]phda[Yjim]
imYf\g k] l]e meY h]j\Y emalg daealY\Y f][]kk}jag k] lgjfYj
lg Y_j]kkang(lg ]kh][mdYlang]( |k n]r]k( lg !ajjY[agfYd!imYflg
hgkkn]d+
wk n]r]k( h]fkY\gj]k \] [mdlmjYe]\aYfY ^Yr]e Y YfYdg_aY
\]kkY ]kljYl_aY[ge Y\] [gd][agfYj !Zad`]l]k \] dgl]jaY!+@klg
lglYde]fl] ]jjY\gk+ Kjaesajg( Zad`]l]k \] dgl]jaY fg hgkkm]e
meY j][geh]fkY ]k[Yd}n]d8]pakl] me daeal] e}paeg [gf`][a\g
]e j]dYg Ygim] hg\]e g^]j][]j+ < ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y Yhda[Y*k]
Yima
* Y]k[YdYZada\Y\]\] j][geh]fkYk \Y na\Y j]Yd[gehYjY\Y | \Y
dgl]jaYlgjfY Yj][geh]fkY adaealY\Ygm \] daeal] \]k[gf`][a\g+
N]_mf\g( gk Zad`]l]k \] dgl]jaYhgkkm]e j]_jYk [gf`][a\Yk ] hgk*
kaZada\Y\]kZ]e Yhj]k]flY\Yk( [geg k] lan]kk]e ka\g ]klm\Y\Yk
]e dYZgjYljag8Yima(fg kYZ]egk Ykj]_jYk ] hg\]egk k]j Z]f]*

^a[aY\gkhgj ]kkYaf[]jl]rY Y\a[agfYd(b} im] ]dYfg hg\] ^]ja*Dg]

k hg\] Z]f]^a[a}*Dg+'
Z+<dU VXUI[XKVKRUhj][akg TKS VKRUdg[Yd+
Naehd]ke]fl]( fg l]f`Y
nakg]klj]alY+J _jYf\] \]k[gZja\gj KYkl]mj(im] \]k]fngdn]m Yfg*
g \] im] Ykgjl] ^Yngj][] im]e ]klan]j hj]hYjY\g( [gehj]]f\]m
im] fg k] hjg[mjY Yd_g]e ]kh][aYdlg\Yk YkeYf`k( ] kae im] k]
ljYZYd`Y\mjg hYjYim] k] h]jealY im] Y[gflaf_f[aY ]flj] ]e kmY
na\Y \] ljYZYd`g+>geg Tg_a =]jjY( gmljg _jYf\] h]fkY\gj( \akk]7
!Qg[ hj][akYlgeYj emalg [ma\Y\g k] fg kgmZ]j hYjYgf\] ]kl}
af\g( hgakhg\] k]j im] fg [`]_m] d}+!
?Y e]keY ^gjeY( fg l]fl] hj]n]j >akf]k I]_jgk hj][akgk
* akkgl]f\] Y\]ap}*DgeYaknmdf]j}n]d Ygkim] fg hj]nam+H]mk
Yea_gk <f\q HYjk`Ydd] <f\j]o HYqk(\g ?]hYjlYe]flg \] ?]*
^]kY(]f^j]flYe g e]keg hjgZd]eY+J aehmdkghgj hYjl] \gk eada*
lYj]k Yhda[Yjj][mjkgk fY hj]nakg \gk hjpaegk hjgZd]eYk+@kk]k
h]fkY\gj]k \]^]f\]e
g [gflj}jag7 afnaklY]e hj]hYjYg ] fg ]e
hj]\ag+
G]eZj]*k] \] im] Yna_ad~f[aY
af^afalYkaehd]ke]fl] fg hgk*
kn]d+

& @pakl]meY im]klg ]hakl]egd_a[Y eYak ^afY+G]eZj]

im] ]e me f]_[ag najlmgkg kmb]alg

Y>akf]k I]_jgk g im] g hYkkY\g fg j]n]dgm []jlYe]fl]
k]j} Zge hYjYng[+ LmYf\g k]
gd`Y hYjYgk j]lgjfgk ^afYf[]ajgk hYkkY\gk]e Zagl][fgdg_aY( fg k] n g kmh]jYjjYkY*imYj*
l]aj]k f]d]k( ] \]na\g Yg hgl]f[aYd \] meY [mjY hYjY g [~f[]j %gmhYjY \gj]k \] [YZ]Y(
gm hYjYY[Ydn[a](gm hYjYeYm `megj ]l[+&(]pakl] meY h]im]fY hjgZYZada\Y\] \] im] Yk
n]f\Yk f]kkY af\kljaY hgkkYe Y[YZYjk]f\g egfkljmgkYk( emalg eYagj]k \g im] g ]kh]jY*
\g+ Kgj gmljg dY\g( [gfka\]j] gk f]_[agk kmb]algkY>akf]k I]_jgk f]_Ylangk+ J `aklja[g
im] k] n hjgnYn]de]fl] kmh]j]klaeYj} Ykhjghja]\Y\]k+ G]eZj]*k] \Y im]ZjY \gk ZYf[gk
]e .65/7 Yg gZk]jnY\gj af_fmg( ]d]k YhYj]flYnYe k]j eYak dm[jYlangk\g im] hYj][aYe+
@pakl]e \gak lahgk \] [gehYf`aYk \] k]_mjg7 g lahg fgjeYd \an]jka^a[}n]d im] h]jl]f[] Yg
H]\ag[jaklg %hgj ]p]ehdg( k]_mjg \] na\Y&] gk jak[gk eYak [jla[gk ] ]phdgkangk kmb]algk
Y>akf]k I]_jgk( im] [gklmeYe k]j n]f\a\gk Yj]kk]_mjY\gjYk+ ?] Y[gj\g [ge gk \Y\gk(
j]kk]_mjY\gjYk h]j\]jYe
\af`]ajg [ge kmZk[ja]kfg \][gjj]j \Yk \mYkdlaeYk \[Y\Yk(
eYk( \a^]j]fl]e]fl]
\gk ZYfim]ajgk( kg km^a[a]fl]e]fl] afljgkh][lanYk hYjYkYZ]j im]( fY
n]j\Y\]( hg\]jaY l]j ka\g emalg hagj( hgjim] gk dlaegk nafl] Yfgk fg lan]jYe f]f`meY
_jYf\] [Yl}kljg^]( ] k f][]kk}jaY meY _jYf\] [Yl}kljg^] hgj k[mdghYjYim] k] \ Y\]mk
Yg f]_[ag ++Hmalgk Y[Y\ea[gk \Y }j]Y \] ^afYfYk im] !YnYdaYe! k]_mjgk hYj][]e l]j
h]j\a\g g hgflg []fljYd \Y im]klg+

[+ 0MGXXK
W[GRW[KX
UVUXZ[TOJGJK
U[ W[GRW[KX
IUOYG
W[KYKVGXKeGIUS
[SG UVUXZ[TOJGJK(
@dYk
kg jYjYk(emalg eYak jYjYk\g im] aeY_afY+
G]eZj] im] >akf]k I]_jgk hgkalangk le me hjae]ajg hYkkgf][]k*
k}jag7ng[ hj][akY k]j ]phgklg Y]d]k+HmalYkh]kkgYk fg h]j[]Z]e
im] ]klg j][]Z]f\g
meY ghgjlmfa\Y\] Y^gjlmfY\Y fY na\Y imYf*
\g ]dY Y[gfl][]+ N] me _jYf\] ]\algj %gm_jYf\] f]_g[aYfl] \]
Yjl]( gm ]p][mlang \Y af\kljaY [af]eYlg_j}^a[Y( gm me ZYfim]ajg
emalg aehgjlYfl]( gm me _jYf\] h]fkY\gj& km_]jaj me ]f[gfljg(
[Yf[]d] lm\g im] lan]j hdYf]bY\g7 hg\] k]j im] gmljY hgjlY [geg
]kkYfmf[Y eYak k] YZjY+wk n]r]k( ^a[g [`g[Y\g Ygn]j [geg Ykh]k*
kgYkh]j[]Z]e
lg hgm[g im] lYakghgjlmfa\Y\]k fg fYk[]e ]e
}jngj]k+ >gd][agf] lYflgk Zad`]l]k \] dgl]jaY _j}lak %gkim] g^]j][]e
j][geh]fkYk adaealY\Yk&imYflg hm\] ] imYf\g [ge]Yj]e
Yj]f*
\]j ^jmlgk( fg gk \]k[Yjl]+ OjYZYd`] \mjg( eYk fg ^Yr]f\g ljYZY*
d`g ZjYYd] kae h]jk]_maf\g ]kkYkghgjlmfa\Y\]k ] eYpaearYf\g
Y]phgkag Y]dYk+Dkkg^Yr[ge im] egjYj ]e [a\Y\]k _jYf\]k k]bY
af]klae}n]d( hgjim] Yme]flY Yk[`Yf[]k \] ]f[gfljgk
k]j]f\aha*
lgkgk * ng[ _Yf`Y ]phgkag | k]j]f\aha\Y\]+ < a\aY \] k] afk*
lYdYj]e meY j]_ag jmjYdZYk]Yf\g*k] fg ^Ylg \] im] k] l]e ZgY
[gemfa[Yg !fY ]jY \Y Dfl]jf]l! ]daeafY ]kkYk^gfl]k \] af[]jl]rY
hgkalanY+?ahdgeYl8+Yk
[gehj]]f\]e
akkgemalg Z]e7 \ak[mkk]k [Y*
kmYak] Yg Y[Ykg]e [gim]lak [gklmeYe d]nYj Y_jYf\]k [gfimaklYk
* ] fg [gjj]khgf\f[aYk
k][Yk f]e [gfn]jkYk l]d]^fa[Yk+Q} Y
^]klYk N] ng[ ^gj me [a]flaklY( hg\]j} \]hYjYj hgj Y[Ykg[ge meY
gZk]jnYg im] hg\] afkhajYj meY fgnY h]kimakY+@k] ^gj YmlaklY(
]fna] k]mkk[agk Y]kk]k ]n]flgk+
\+ 2[OJGJU IUS VRGTUY
VXKIOYUY
LKOZUY
VUXMU\KXTUY(
>geg ^ga\ak[mla\g
fg >Yhlmdg .-( \]ap*] im] gk _gn]jfgk ^YYe hj]nak]k %akkg^Yr
[ge im] gk g^a[aYakkaflYe*k] e]d`gj [gfka_g hjhjagk ] bmkla^a*
[Y kmY]paklf[aY&( eYk fg \ emalY aehgjl~f[aY Yg im] \ar]e+
G]eZj] im] g afl]j]kk] \gk k]jna\gj]k hZda[gk YkgZj]nanf[aY ]
YYmlgh]jh]lmYg * ] fg gZl]j Yn]j\Y\]+ Dkkgfg ka_fa^a[Yim]
gk _gn]jfgk kg afl]ak( Yh]fYk im] ng[ hj][akY eYfl]j me gd`Yj
na_adYfl] kgZj] k]mk]^]algk [gdYl]jYak+Kgj ]p]ehdg( j]_mdY\gj]k fg
jYeg ZYf[}jag kg kmb]algkY me _jYn] hjgZd]eY \] ]kh][aYdaklYk
] l]f\]e
Y ^Yr]j naklY_jgkkY hYjY Y kmb]ag af[gfk]i]fl]
%eYk

g[mdlY&Y jak[gk+<f\q HYjk`Ydd ] <f\q HYqk h]j_mflYjYe*e]

k]
g k]lgj hjanY\g hg\]jaY k] kYaje]d`gj Yg ^Yr]j hj]nak]k+ Df^]dar*
e]fl]( fg+ JmljY n]r( d]eZj]*k] \Y `akljaY \gk ZYf[gk im] g[md*
lYe jak[gk ]phdgkangk fYk [Yjl]ajYk \] llmdgk+Ig meY ZgY a\aY
[gf^aYj ]e [gjhgjY]k ]e im]kl]k [geg Yk \] ]n]flgk jYjgk(
hgjim] g \]k]eh]f`g
\]kk]k ]p][mlangk fg gZk]jn}n]d Y [mjlg
hjYrg ] ]d]k eYfahmdYjg g kakl]eY ]paZaf\g me Zge \]k]eh]f`g
hYjYim] hgkkYe j][]Z]j kmYkZgfa^a[Y]k YfmYak+
J [Yd[Yf`Yj*\]*
Yimad]k\g [YhalYdakeg im]( k] ng[ ^ar]j Yk[gjhgjY]k [geh]la*
j]e( |k n]r]k( Yim] ]kl} eYak ]phgklY Yg >akf] I]_jg f]_Ylang k]j}
Yim] hYj][]j} eYak YhlYYkgZj]nan]j+ G]eZj]*k] lYeZe \Y fglY
\] jg\Yh fg >Yhlmdg . kgZj] Y \]k[gZ]jlY \] A]j_mkgf( im] \ar
im] gk e]j[Y\gk fg kg Zgfk hj]nakgj]k \] _m]jjYk+Iaf_me ]e
hYjla[mdYj Zge hj]nakgj \] [gakYYd_meY+Naflg emalg+
]+ !@pakl]e Yd_meYkh]kkgYk im]( k] Yaf\Y fg kYZ]e \] Yd_g(ng[
fg hg\] [gflYj hYjY ]dYk!([geg \akk] []jlY n]r g _jYf\] ^adkg*
^g \Y af[]jl]rY T g_a =]jjY+ <dU VKXIGZKSVUZKTZGTJUR[ZGXIUTZXG
VXK\OYUXKY&
GTGROYZGY
JK GekKY&
KIUTUSOYZGY
K IOKTZOYZGY
YUIOGOY&
K^IKZU
VGXGVXKMGX
VKeGYTKRKY(
q [gfka\]jYn]de]fl]
^}[ad^Yr]j _jYY\]d]k(
] emalgk ^a[Ye ajY\gk [ge ZYklYfl] hjgfla\g+ q af]^a[Yr j][dYeYj
kgZj] Yaehj]nakaZada\Y\]7 Ykh]kkgYk [gflafmYjg Y^Yr]j hj]nak]k
lgdYe]fl]( ]kh][aYde]fl] k] ^gj]e hY_YkhYjYlYd(] ng[ fg hg\]
\Yj ^ae |k ^jYm\]k afklalm[agfYdarY\Yk+N] Yd_me \aY hj][akYj \Yj
gmna\gk Y meY hj]nakg( l]f`Y ]e e]fl]
im] Y ]pYla\g \]dY \]*
_jY\Y j}ha\g | e]\a\Y im] k] ]kl]f\] Yg dgf_g \g l]ehg+
>Ykg gmYme ][gfgeaklY !hjg]eaf]fl]!
mladarYjYkhYdYnjYk
KW[ORhHXOU
gm JOYZXOH[OedU
TUXSGR&
fg \ak[mlY [ge ]d]8kaehd]ke]f*
l] g a_fgj] gm l]fl] [gdg[Yj me jYlg \]fljg \Y [YeakY \]d]+

Og\Yk ]kkYkj][ge]f\Y]k
hgkkm]e me hgflg ]e [geme7 Ykkae]ljaY+
>gdgim]*k] ]e kalmY]k]e im] [gfk]if[aYk
^Yngj}n]ak kg emalg
eYagj]k \g im] Yk\]k^Yngj}n]ak+
IY n]j\Y\]( Yfgg \] XKY[RZGJUY
GYYOSfZXOIUY
Ya\aY []fljYd \]kl]
danjg7 fmf[Y [gf`][]j]a
g \]k[gf`][a\g
hgak( hgj \]^afag( ]d] \]k*

[gf`][a\g+ Ig ]flYflg( k]ehj] hgkkg l]flYj Y\anaf`Yj [geg ]d] aj} e]

Y^]lYj(] \]ng ZYk]Yjeaf`Yk \][ak]k ]e lgjfg \akkg+
@kkY
a\aY [gklmeY k]j [`YeY\Y ]jjgf]Ye]fl]
\] YhgklY\] KYk[Yd(
hgj [YmkY
\g ^Ddkg^g
eYl]e}la[g %h]fkYfl]&=dYak]
KYk[Yd(
im] YYhj]*
k]flgm eYak gme]fgk Ykkae7]m fg k]ak] ?]mk ]pakl]( eYk k]aim] fg
l]f`g fY\Y Ydm[jYjhgj k]j Yl]m[Ykgfg ]paklY(]fimYflg l]f`g emalg Y
h]j\]j [Ykg]paklY+KgjlYflg( akkgbmkla^a[Y
eaf`Y [j]fY ]e ?]mk+
GYj_me]flg \] KYk[Yd _jYn]e]fl] ^Yd`gl]gdg_a[Ye]fl]7 k]jaYf]*
[]kk}jag k]j af_fmg \]eYak hYjYY[j]\alYj im] ?]mk fg fgk h]fYdarYjaY
hgj ^YdkY
[j]f\a[]+ < e]fgk( [dYjg(im] k] ]kl]bYY\glYf\g meY nakg
ZYklYfl]j]kljalanY\] me ?]mk af_fmg+ %NmhgklYe]fl](=]jljYf\ Mmk*
k]P l]jaY Yd]_Y\gim] ?]mk hj][akYjaYl]j [jaY\g lgdgk hYjYim] g Yj_m*
e]flg \] KYk[Yd
^mf[agfYkk]+&
HYkYa\aYhgj lj}k \Y YhgklY\] KYk[Yd
l]e Yhda[Y]k
^mf\Ye]flYak
^gjY\Y l]gdg_aY+
@dY
[gdg[Ylg\Y Ya\aY\] [gf`][ae]flg
\] hgflY*[YZ]*
Y+@]daeafY Yf][]kka\Y\] \] [gehj]]f\]jegk
YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k\] me
]n]flg jYjg %]pakl]e daeal]k ^mf\Ye]flYak Yg[gf`][ae]flg
im] l]egk
\]kk] lahg \] ]n]flg&8 ]e n]r \akkg(hg\]egk fgk [gf[]fljYj fY j][ge*
h]fkY ] fgk Z]f]^[agk \] me ]n]flg [Ykg]d] g[gjjY+<k hjgZYZada\Y\]k
\] ]n]flgk emalg jYjgkfg kg [gehml}n]ak8 g ]^]alg im] me ]n]flg l]e
kgZj] fk [gfka\]jYn]d(e]fl] eYak^}[ad\] k] ]klaeYj %imYflgeYakjYjg
g ]n]flg( eYaknY_Ykkg YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k&+
Kg\]egk l]j meY a\aY[dYjY
\Yk [gfk]if[aYk \] me ]n]flg e]keg k] fg kgmZ]jegk Yk[`Yf[]k
\] ]d] g[gjj]j+ Ig k]aimYakkg Yk[`Yf[]k \] Y[gfl][]j me l]jj]eglg(
eYk hgkkg aeY_afYj [geg NYfAjYf[ak[ghg\]jaY k]j Y^]lY\Yhgj me l]j*
j]eglg+ < a\aY\] im] hYjYim] k] lge] meY \][akg k]bYf][]kk}jag k]
[gf[]fljYj fYk[gfk]if[aYk %im]k] hg\] kYZ]j&]e n]r \] fY hjgZYZa*
da\Y\] %im]fg k] hg\] kYZ]j& YOJfOGIKTZXGR
JG OTIKXZK`G(
=gYhYjl] \Y
eaf`Y na\Y ZYk]Y\Yf]dY+*
Qg[ hg\] [gfkljmaj meY l]gjaY_]jYdkgZj] lgeY\Yk \] \][ak]k YhYj*
laj \]kkYa\aY+Om\g im] hj][akY^Yr]j eala_Yj Yk[gfk]if[aYk+ >geg
\akk]( k] eaf`Y [Yjl]ajY\] llmdgk^gj ]phgklYYmeY im]ZjY fg e]j[Y\g(
[mbYkhjgZYZada\Y\]kfg hgkkg [gehmlYj( lm\g im] hgkkg ^Yr]j [ge*
hjYj meY Yhda[]\] k]_mjgkgm aj ]e ^j]fl] ] afn]klaj g egflYfl] im]
fg ]klgm\akhgklg Yh]j\]j bYeYak]e llmdgke]fgk Yjjak[Y\gk+
@^]lanYe]fl]( k] gk e]j[Y\gk danj]kle ka\g Z]e*km[]\a\gk( akkg
hj][akYe]fl] hgjim] h]jeal]e g hjg[]kkg \] l]flYlanY] ]jjg im] [`Y*$

eg \] !]ph]jae]flYg ]klg[}kla[Y!hgj hYjl] \] gh]jY\gj]k af\ana\mYak

[gf[gjj]fl]k im] kg nlaeYk\Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY* eYk im] ]klg \]
eg\g ]^]lang hYjla[ahYf\g [gd]lanYe]fl] \] me _jYf\] hjgb]lg+ @klY*
egk Yhj]f\]f\g
[Y\Y n]r eYak YhjYla[YjY]ph]jae]flYg ]klg[}kla[Y
k]e im] l]f`Yegk [gfk[af[aY \akkg * _jYYkY]ehj]]f\]\gj]k
[ge
]p[]kkg \] [gf^aYfY(Yafn]kla\gj]k af_fmgk( YZYfim]ajgk \] ZYf[gk
\] afn]klae]flg _YfYf[agkgk] Y [YhalYdaklYk
Y_j]kkangkim] da\Ye [ge
[YhalYd\] jak[g j]mfa\gk h]dg kakl]eY \] danj]*e]j[Y\g+ Ghjpaeg [Y*
hlmdgegkljY hgj im] kgmglaeaklYYg\ar]j im] g e]ag Y[Y\ea[g ]kl}
h]j\]f\g
g hg\]j ] Y[YhY[a\Y\] \] [gdg[Yj g [gf`][ae]flg
]e [Yea*
kYk*\]*^gjY(
] im] eYak [gf`][ae]flg
^gjY\gk hY\j]k k]j} _]jY\g( Yg
]kladgRaca+
Ig ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( ]klYegk k]f\g [gf\mra\gk h]dY`akljaY(]fimYflg
lg\g g l]ehg Y[`Yegk im] kgegk fk im] ]klYegk fg [gfljgd]+
M]kmeaj]a ]klYdgf_Yk]g kgZj] hj]\a]k Y^ajeYf\g im] hg\]egk
daealYj ^Y[ade]fl] YkjYr]k h]dYkimYakfg hg\]egk Y\anaf`Yj g im]
]kl} Y[gfl][]f\g+ Ng ]dYk7
Y&YYjjg_~f[aY]haklea[Y ] Y[]_m]ajYYg^m*
lmjg im] [gjj]khgf\] Y]dY8Z&Yfgg hdYlfa[Y
\] [Yl]_gjaYk(gm[geg
Ykh]kkgYkkg ]f_YfY\Yk hgj j]\m]k( ]kh][aYde]fl] k] hgkkm]e me
\ahdgeY Y[Y\ea[g ]e meY \ak[ahdafYak]flY \] ]kh][aYdaklYk8
]( ^afYd*
e]fl]( [&^]jjYe]flYk \] af^]jf[aY ^Yd`Yk(
]kh][aYde]fl] Yk^]jjYe]flYk
danj]khYjY>akf]k I]_jgk \g H]\ag[jaklg+
IY hjpaeY k]g ]phdgjYj]egk emalg( eYk emalg eYak hjg^mf\Y*
e]fl]( Yk^]jjYe]flYk \g H]\ag[jaklg( gmk]bY(!]fljYj]egk fg ]f[YfY*
e]flg!( hgj Ykkae\ar]j+ <d_mfkd]algj]k hg\]e n*DY[geg me Yhf\a*
[]8 gmljgk hg\]e [gfka\]j}*DYg [gjYg \g danjg+

03 (,3/*3

(,/8*/403

/9 *642*.,34S0

>

[`]_Y\Y Y`gjY \] da\Yj[ge Yd_meYhjg^mf\a\Y\] [ge gk imYljg

al]fk ^afYakim] j][Y]e kgZj] g >akf] I]_jg+
8QHLN%
]m \akk] Yfl]jagje]fl] im] g emf\g ]kl} ]fljYf\g [Y\Yn]r
eYak hjg^mf\Ye]fl] fg @plj]eaklg( im] ]d] [Y\Y n]r e]fgk _gn]j*
fY\g h]dg H]\ag[jaklg * fY n]j\Y\]( Ya\aY eYak kmlad\g im] akkg+
HgkljYj]a [geg ] Yhj]k]flYj]a Yk\an]jkYka\aYkim] l]egk kgZj] Y^gj*
eYg \] \]ka_mYd\Y\]+@KIGTJU&
n]f`g \]k[j]n]f\g
Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY
\] kafg _YmkkaYfY
[geg meY admkg_jYn]] [gflY_agkY(] [`]_gm Y`gjY \]
]phdgjYj ]kk] hgflg [ge Yd_meYhjg^mf\a\Y\]+ AKXYU&
Yhj]k]flYj]a g im]
[`Yeg \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eYf\]dZjglaYfY gm ^jY[lYd+
G]eZj]*k] \] im]
hYjYim] me ]n]flg k]bYme >akf] I]_jg fg hj][akYk]j Yh]fYkjYjg gm
af[gfljgd}n]d8 hj][akY k]j af]kh]jY\g( hj][akY ]klYj ^gjY\] fgkkg lf]d
\] hgkkaZada\Y\]k+
Qg[ l]e \] k]j me ljgmpYhYjY]d]+J im] g[gjj]
im] emalgk ]n]flgk jYjgk hg\]e j]n]dYj kmYk]kljmlmjYkhYjYfk7 fg
^}[ad[gehmlYj YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k(eYk ^}[adgZl]j meY a\aYMKXGR
\Y
hgkkaZada\Y\]\] g[gjj]j]e+ Kg\]egk ljYfk^gjeYj ]kk]k >akf]k I]_jgk
]e >akf]k >afr]flgk( hgj Ykkae\ar]j( j]\mraf\g g ]^]alg*kmjhj]kY+
PeY
h]kkgY[gfk[a]fl] \Y hgkkaZada\Y\]\] lYak]n]flgk hg\] naj Yh]jl]f[]j |
[dYkk]\gk fg*ljgmpYk+
AafYde]fl]( Yhj]k]flYj]a Yka\aYk\gk ^adkg^gk
im] k] [gf[]fljYe fY
af[]jl]rY ^YbmlY+
Jj_Yfar]a g danjg\] ^gjeY im] Ykk]]k eYak l[fa[Yk

%eYk fg ]kk]f[aYak&]klg Yima8]dYkhg\]e

k]j hmdY\Ykk]e imYdim]j
h]j\Y hYjY g d]algj h]fkYlang( ]kh][aYde]fl] gk >Yhlmdgk.2( .4 ] Y k]*
_mf\Y e]lY\] \g >Yhlmdg.3+ <d]jlYj]a g d]algj [ge fglYk \] jg\Yh+ J
d]algj e]fgk afl]j]kkY\g fg e][Yfakeg
\Yk nYjaY]khg\] ]flg k]_maj
\aj]lg hYjY YKYjl] LmYljg+

.EQ_TUMP.ETPRWI

/9

70/49.<4(>Z9
,9 0B><074(>Z9#
0 /0 @96>, ,9 70/49.<4(>Z9

8QDEHQN
2NQNVHSY
& <a_a B@HQ
X_ CDR@FQ@CN
& , B@TC@
KNMF@
& /RSDI@
OQNM&
SNO@Q@
@KFTL@R
RTQOQDR@R
& 7[N k CHMGDHQN

Q]bYegk [geg me emf\g [Y\Y n]r eYak [gfkljm\g h]dg `ge]e

hg\]
]ngdmaj \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eg\]jY\Y hYjY YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] afl]fkY+ Kjae]a*
jg( \]k[j]ng [geg [`]_Yegk Yg@plj]eaklg+ ?]hgak( gZk]jnYj]a kmY]ng*
dmg+

N]j} im] g emf\g lg afbmklg Ykkae; KYkk]aYna\Y afl]ajY ]klm\Yf\g

Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]( hjYla[Yf\g Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ] g\aYf\g
Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+
LmYflg eYak g l]ehg hYkkY(hagj]k Yk[gakYkhYj][]e hYjY eae( eYak
YkkmklY\ge] lgjfg ] eYak \]k_gklgkg ^a[g [ge YH] IYlmj]rY+ LmYflg
eYak h]fkg kgZj] g l]eY( eYak n]bg hjgnYk \] im] g emf\g im] l]egk
fY e]fl] \a^]j]fl] \g im] k] hYkkYd}^gjY+Og\Yk YkeYf`k( hYjYeae(
g emf\g hYj][] eYak Yd]Yljag \g im] fg \aY Yfl]jagj( ] gk `meYfgk
hYj][]e ]klYj k]f\g Yaf\Y eYak ]f_YfY\gk hgj ]d] \g im] me \aY Yfl]k+
Dkkg]kl} ^a[Yf\g afkmhgjl}n]d+ @k[j]n]j ]klYk daf`Yk \gdgjgkg8 Y[`g g
emf\g j]ngdlYfl]+

?gak [a]flaklYk!d]n]k! hjgh]e eg\]dgk aflmalangkhYjYg \]k]fngdna*

e]flg \Y \]ka_mYd\Y\]7me \]d]k me ][gfgeaklY ljY\a[agfYd(] g gmljg(
kg[adg_g+<eZgk kaehda^a[Yeme hgm[g \]eYak+ <hj]k]flYj]a Yka\aYk
\]d]k hgjim] kg ^}B]ak\] k] ]fl]f\]j( ] fg h]dYimYda\Y\][a]fl^a[Y\gk
afka_`lk gm \] imYdim]j [gfk]if[aY \] kmYk\]k[gZ]jlYk8 ]e k]_ma\Y(
Yhj]k]flYj]a Y`akljaYYhYjlaj \g hgflg \] naklY\Y [af[aY fYlmjYd+
>ge]Yj]a h]dg ][gfgeaklY N`]joaf Mgk]f+Ig af[ag \Y \[Y\Y \]
.65-( ]d] ]k[j]n]m Yjla_kkgZj] !Y ][gfgeaY \Yk kmh]j]klj]dYk!+@e me
Yjla_g(]d] ljYfkealam [geg k] k]flaY mdljYbY\gh]dg ^Ylg\] im] me bg*
_Y\gj \] ZYkim]l]hm\]kk] j][]Z]j .(/ ead`g \] \dYj]k YgYfg( gmim]
meY []d]Zja\Y\] l]d]nakanYhm\]kk] j][]Z]j / ead`]k \] \dYj]k+KYjY
im] k] l]f`Y meY a\aY\] [geg ]kkY[gf[]fljYg ]kl} Yme]flYf\g X
gm k]bY(\] [geg ]klYegk fgk Y^YklYf\g\g H]\ag[jaklg *( [gfka\]j]
im] Yk[]d]Zja\Y\]k l]d]nakanYk
] Ykljgk\g ]khgjl] %Yle]keg fY @mjghY&
^][`Ye [gfljYlgk `gb]( Yh]fYk\mYk\[Y\Yk \]hgak( fY [YkY\Yk []fl]fYk
\] ead`]k \] \dYj]k J ]plj]eg %hgj]fimYflg& []j[Y \] nafl] n]r]k
eYak Ydlg\g im] `} \mYk\[Y\Yk
N]_mf\g Mgk]f( ]kkY\]ka_mYd\Y\] ^jmlg \] me ]^]alg [geh]lalang7
Yd_meim] k]bYeYj_afYde]fl] !e]d`gj! hg\] _Yf`Yj ^Y[ade]fl] lg\g
g egflYfl]( \]apYf\g gk gmljgk k]e fY\Y+PkYf\g me Yj_me]flg \g
>Yhlmd+g
0( Ykh]kkgYkhj]^]j]e hY_YjPN".J(66 hgj meY _jYnYg\]
Cgjgodlr YhY_YjPN"6(66 hgj me haYfaklYim] k] ]k^gjYhYjYkgZj]na*
n]j+ Qg[ hj]^]jajaY d]j Fmf\]jY hgj PN".0(66 gmYd_me]k[jalgj \]k[g*
f`][a\g hgj . \dYj; <kkae( ^a[YhYj][a\g [ge meY [geh]lag( fY imYd
g n]f[]\gj d]nYlm\g * ] ]d] fg hj][akYn]f[]j hgj emalg+
HYk g hYh]d\Y kgjl] fg ]kl} hj]k]fl] fg Z]dg Yj_me]flg \] Mgk]f+
J hjgZd]eY Yima Yfgg \] !e]d`gj!( g ^g[g fYk `YZada\Y\]k[geg
^jmlg\g km[]kkg+M]kmdlY\gkYd]Yljagk(
gmmeY kalmYgYjZalj}jaYlYe*
Ze hg\]e ]phda[Yjg N!dd[]kkg
] g^]j][]j g ]ehmjjg afa[aYdim] d]nYY
m+ej]kmdlY\g\g lahg g*n]f[]\gj*D]nY*lm\g+ PeY h]kkgYhg\] k] hgka*
[sgfYj me hgm[g | ^j]fl] \Yk gmljYkhgj eglangk [gehd]lYe]fl] Yd]Yl*
fgk8 hgjim] _gklYegk \] aealYj mfk Ygkgmljgk(k]j]egk YljY\gkhgj ]dY+
J emf\g \gk [gfl}_agk lg kmZ]klaeY\g
@fimYflg ]k[j]ng ]klYkdaf`Yk(mkgme HY[aflgk`( \Y <hhd]( \]hgak
\] Yfgs mladarYf\g hjg\mlgk ZYk]Y\gkfY Ha[jgkg^l+ < l][fgdg_aY \Y
<hhd] ] nYklYe]fl] e]d`gj( eYk g kg^loYj] af^]jagj kYam_Yf`Yf\g+
>geg; Ngjl]+

HYak\] meY \[Y\Y Yfl]k \] Mgk]f( g kg[adg_g \Y [af[aY MgZ]jl F+

H]jlgf Yhj]k]flgm kmYa\aY\g ]^]alg HYl]mk(hgj e]ag \g imYdYkh]k*
kgYklgeYe \gk hgZj]k hYjY\Yj Ygkja[gk+$@d]gZk]jngm g \]k]eh]f`g
\] [a]flaklYk] egkljgm [geg meY nYflY_]e afa[aYdk]_m] Yh]kkgYim] Y
l]e \mjYE7;l]
lg\Y Yna\Y+>gfka\]j] g k]_mafl] hjg[]kkg+
?a_Yegk im] Yd_me]k[j]nY me Yjla_gY[Y\ea[g [alYf\g [afi]flY
h]kkgYkim] ljYZYd`YjYeg l]eY ] g^]j][]jYe eYl]jaYak\] h]kimakYhYjYg
]klm\g8hj]kmeY( hgj meY im]klg \] kaehda[a\Y\]( im] Yk[afi]flY h]kg
kgYkl]f`Ye ejalg a_mYd+
Jmljg h]kimakY\gj(ljYZYd`Yf\g]pYlYe]fl] g
e]keg l]eY( [alYj}Yd]YlgjaYe]fl] ljk \]kkYk[afi]flY h]kkgYk]e kmY
ZaZdag_jY^aY+
H]jlgf egkljgm im] emalgk Y[Y\ea[gk [alYe j]^]jf[aYk
k]e l]j]e da\g YgZjYgja_afYd8
]e n]r \akkg(d]e me Yjla_g] ]pljY]e Yk
hjhjaYk [alY]k\] kmYk^gfl]k+<kkae( me l]j[]ajg h]kimakY\gj( d]f\g
g k]_mf\g Yjla_g(k]d][agfY ljk \gk Ymlgj]kj]^]ja\gk afa[aYde]fl] hYjY
Y[GY[alY]k+Jk ljk Ymlgj]kj][]Z]jg( [memdYlanYe]fl]( [Y\Yn]r eYak
Yl]fg | e]\a\Y im] k]mkfge]k k] lgjf]e eYak aflaeYe]fl] Ykkg[aY*
\gk Ygl]eY ]e im]klg+ < \a^]j]fY ]flj] gk ljk n]f[]\gj]k ] gk gmljgk
e]eZjgk \g _jmhg afa[aYd( hjaf[ahYde]fl]( kgjl]7 Yhjaf[hag( ]d]k ^g*
jYe ]k[gd`a\gk fg hgj l]j]e `YZada\Y\]kkmh]jagj]k(eYk kaehd]ke]fl]
h]dg eg\g [geg k]mkfge]k YhYj][aYefY ZaZdag_jY^aY
Yfl]jagj+ BjYYk
|k kmYk
j]hmlY]k(gk Y[Y\ea[gk Z]e*km[]\a\gk [gflafmYjg Y]k[j]n]j
Yjla_gk] k]mljYZYd`gk]j} ^Y[ade]fl] Y[]alghYjYhmZda[Yg+
Nm[]kkgY[Y*
\ea[g hYj[aYde]fl] %eYkka_fa^a[YlanYe]fl]&meY dgl]jaY$!
q ^}[adl]klYj gk ]^]algk \Y j]hmlYg+PeY ^gjeY k]jaY ]f[gfljYj
Yjla_gkim] ^gjYe ]k[jalgk hgj [a]flaklYk^Yegkgk(lan]jYe Yka\]fla\Y*
\]k \gk Ymlgj]kljg[Y\Yk hgj Y[a\]fl] ] ^gjYe j]b]alY\gk+Qg[ hg\]jaY
n]ja^a[YjimYflYk\]kkYkj]b]a]k ^gjYe \]jjmZY\Yk kmZk]i]fl]e]fl]
\]hgak im] Yka\]fla\Y\]k n]j\Y\]ajYk \gk Ymlgj]k^gjYe ]klYZ]d][a\Yk+
<k d]ak ]k[Yd}n]akb} ^gjYe \ak[mla\Yk fYk @k[jalmjYk7!Kgjim] Y lg\g g im] l]e \Yj*k]*
d`]*}( ] l]j} ]e YZmf\~f[aY8 eYk Yg im] fg l]e( Yl Yimadgim] l]e k]j*D`]*} lajY\g+!
%HYl]mk/27/6&

=gY hYjl] \Y h]j[]hg \Y aehgjl~f[aY \Y hj][g[a\Y\] fY [Yjj]ajY \] h]kimakY\gj]k hg\]

k]j \]na\Y | ^YdlY\] [gehj]]fkg
\g hYh]d h]jn]jkg \]kk] ]^]alg( ]kh][aYde]fl] imYf\g
j]^gjY\g h]dYhYj[aYda\Y\]+Hmalgk ]p]ehdgk [gflj}jagk( e]keg ]e [Yehgk [geg YeY*
l]e}la[Y( im] k] kmh] im] k]bYhmjYe]fl] me !bg_g \] bgn]fk!( admkljYeY^Yd}[aY
\Y a\Y\]7
kaehd]ke]fl]( f][]kk}jag k]j Z]e*km[]\a\g []\g * fY n]j\Y\]( emalg []\g+

JZk]jn] im] Y[Y\ea[gk kg bmd_Y\gkhjaf[ahYde]fl] hgj imYflYkn]r]k

kmYgZjY mkY\Y[geg j]^]jf[aY fgk ljYZYd`gk\] gmljYkh]kkgYk(] Ykkae
kg ^gjeY\gk _jmhgk \] h]kkgYkim] k] [alYe emlmYe]fl] %Yd_g
\g lahg
!@m[alg ng[ ] ng[ e [alY!&+
>gfk]i]fl]e]fl](
Ymlgj]kim] fg kg [alY\gk [ge ^j]if[aY \]a*
pYjg g bg_g(af\g( hgj ]p]ehdg( ljYZYd`YjhYjYg _gn]jfg %k]^gj]e \]
fYlmj]rY ljYfiadY&(hYjYYH}^aYgm hYjYmeY ^ajeY \] RYddNlj]]l %k]
lan]j]e me fn]d Ydlg\] `gjefagk&+<im]d]k im] lan]j]e me Zge ]e*
hmjjg fg [ge]g \Y [Yjj]ajY Y[Y\ea[Y [gflafmYjg YgZl]j nYflY_]fk
[memdYlanYk
h]jkakl]fl]k Ygdgf_g \Y na\Y+q eYak ^}[adhYjYgk ja[gk ^a[Y*
j]e eYak ja[gk ] hYjYgk ^Yegkgk^a[Yj]e eYak ^Yegkgk+
IY kg[agdg_aY(]^]algk HYl]mk gkl]flYe g fge] e]fgk dal]j}jag \]
!nYflY_]e [memdYlanY!+
@kkY
l]gjaY hg\] k]j ^Y[ade]fl] Yhda[Y\YY]e*
hj]kYk(`ge]fk \] f]_[ag( Ylgj]k( ]k[jalgj]k ] imYdim]j gmljYh]kkgY
im] k] Z]f]^a[a] \] km[]kkgkhYkkY\gk+
N]ng[ ^gj hmZda[Y\gfg ANK<K]
EUXQKX
hgjim] Y[gj \g laeZj] ]e k]mhYh]dYljYamYYl]fg \g ]\algj(
im] ]klYnYkgf`Yf\g [ge eYj_Yja\Yk(Yj][geh]fkY j]kmdlYfl]hg\] k]*
_ma*Dg
hgj lg\Y Yna\Y+HYakka_fa^a[YlanYe]fl](]dYk]_maj}U[ZXGYVKYYUGY
hgj lg\Y Yna\Y+J ^jY[YkkglYeZe [memdYlang8h]j\]\gj]k hjgnY*
n]de]fl] lYeZe h]j\]jg fg ^mlmjg(e]keg im] fg [gfka\]j]egk g
e][Yfakeg \] \]kegjYdarYg im] hg\] ]pY[]jZYj YkalmYg] [YmkYj
^jY[Ykkgk
Y\a[agfYak+
JZk]jn] im] YYjl]( hgj [YmkY
\Y \]h]f\f[aY \g Zg[Y*Y*Zg[Y(
]plj]*
eYe]fl] kmb]alY
Y]^]algk\] nYflY_]e [memdYlanY+
H]f[agf]a hjg[]kkgk
Y_dge]jYlangkfg >Yhlmdg
.( ] [geg gkbgjfYdaklYk
Ybm\YeYh]jh]lmYj Y_dg*
e]jY]k+ IgkkYkghafa]k kgZj] ejalg Yjlkla[gkg j]kmdlY\g\g [gfl}_ag
YjZalj}jag]e me fn]dYaf\YeYakYdlg\g im] fgkkYka\aYkhgdla[Yk+
PeY
h]kkgY]k[j]n] meY[jla[Y\] me danjg8gmljYh]kkgYdY[jla[Y] ]k[j]n] me
[ge]fl}jag im] mkYgke]kegk Yjse]flgk+ @e hgm[g l]ehg( l]egk []f*
l]fYk \] [jla[Ykim]( fY n]j\Y\]( j]kme]e ]e k]mk[gfl]\gk fg eYak
\g im] \mYkgmljk [jla[Yk(hgjim] Ykafl]jk]]k kg emalg _jYf\]k+ KYjY
me ]p]ehdg [mjagkg(d]aY5OXKZNK1GYZGXJY [mbgYmlgj(EY[cBj]]f(
&
YfYda*
kYkakl]eYla[Ye]fl] Yk[jla[Yk\g jgeYf[] ANK?KIUMTOZOUTY&
\] RaddaYe
BY\\ak+Bj]]f \]egfkljY [dYjYe]fl] [geg [jla[gkdal]j}jagkk] Yf[gjYe
]e gmljYk[jla[Yk] j]n]dY meY af^dmf[aYelmY hg\]jgkY( e]keg fY
[gfkljmg \Yk ^jYk]k+
@kk]^]fe]fg j]eafak[]fl] \g Yjj]ZYf`Ye]flg
\] YfYdaklYk
^afYf[]ajgk im] \ak[mlafg >Yhlmdg.-+

J Y\n]flg \Y e\aY eg\]jfY Y[]d]jgmYknYflY_]fk[memdYlanYk+

J kg*
[adg_gKa]jj] =gmj\a]m h]j[]Z]m meY da_Yg]flj] Y[gf[]fljYg [j]k*
[]fl] \] km[]kkg] Y_dgZYdarYg
\Y [mdlmjY
] \Y na\Y][gfea[Y+HYkfg
]klgml]flYf\g Zjaf[Yj \] kg[adg_g(\]k]bg Yh]fYkegkljYj im] ]d]e]f*
lgk aehj]nakn]akhg\]e \]k]eh]f`Yj me hYh]d]e j]kmdlY\gkkg[aYak+
< a\aY\Y nYflY_]e [memdYlanY\] H]jlgf l]e me hj][mjkgj eYak
_]jYd(!da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd!( g im]( j]n]jl]f\g Y[jgfgdg_aY %eYkfg Y
d_a[Y&(
Yhj]k]flYj]a Yk]_maj+H]jlgf ]klYnYafl]j]kkY\g fg Ykh][lg kg[aYd
\g [gf`][ae]flg(
] fg fY \af~ea[Y \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] kg[aYd(]flg k]mk
]klm\gk ^gjYe \]janY\gk k]hYjY\Ye]fl] \Y h]kimakYkgZj] Y\af~ea[Y \Y
Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]fYk [af[aYkeYakeYl]e}la[Yk+
-YE?L9 >I9E;9

< l]gjaY\] da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd gfahj]k]fl] ]e kmYk

Yhda[Y]k7
]dYhg\]
]phda[Yjhgj im] g lYeYf`g \Yk[a\Y\]k h]jl]f[] Yg@plj]eaklg( hgj im]
ng[YZmd}jagk
k] [gf[]fljYe ]e lgjfg \] me fe]jg h]im]fg \] hYdY*
njYkgmhgj im] hghmdY]k\] ZY[ljaYkhg\]e nYjaYjae]fkYe]fl] \]
lYeYf`g+
Jk [a]flaklYkE+>+Raddak] B+P+ Tmd]hmZda[YjYe]e .6// fY <GZ[XK
me Yjla_gim] ^game eYj[g( aflalmdY\g!Nge] NlYlakla[kg^ @ngdmlagf
Yf\ B]g_jYh`a[Yd?akljaZmlagf af KdYflkYf\ <faeYDk(Yf\ O`]aj Na_fa^a*
[Yf[]! V<d_meYk
]klYlkla[Yk
\Y ]ngdmg] \Y \akljaZmag_]g_j}^a[Y]e
hdYflYk] YfaeYak] kmYaehgjl~f[aYW+Raddak] Tmd]gZk]jnYjYe Yhj]k]fY
fY Zagdg_aY
\Yk\alYkd]ak\] hglf[aY * n]jk]k YljYlanYk
\Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]
]k[Yd}n]dim] \ak[mlafg >Yhlmdg0+<k d]ak\] hglf[aY %kgZj]YkimYak
n]j]egk af^gjeY]k eYakl[fa[Yk fgk hjpaegk [Yhlmdgk&
`YnaYe ka\g
h]j[]Za\Yk Yfl]jagje]fl] hgj Qad^j]\g KYj]lg(im] \]k[gZjam im] ]dYkk]
Yhda[YnYev \akljaZmag\] j]f\Y+ HYaklYj\]( Tmd]Yhj]k]flgm me eg*
\]dg kaehd]k(\]egfkljYf\g
[geg Ykd]ak\] hglf[aY hg\]e k]j _]jY\Yk+
J hgflg ]jY g k]_mafl]7 \a_Yegk im] Yk]kh[a]k k] \ana\Ye ]e \mYk
]e Yd_mejaleg [gfklYfl]( \] ^gjeY im] kmjbYefgnYk ]kh[a]k+LmYflg
eYak ja[g ]e ]kh[a]k ^gj me _f]jg( eYak ja[g ]d] l]f\]j} Yk] lgjfYj(
[ge Ye]keY d_a[Y\g ]^]alg HYl]mk+JZk]jn] g Ynakg(hgje7 fg eg*
\]dg \] Tmd](Yk]kh[a]k fmf[Y \]kYhYj][]e+
?mjYfl] Y\[Y\Y \] .61-( me daf_aklY\] CYjnYj\( B]gj_] Uah^(]pY*
eafgm Ykhjghja]\Y\]k \Y daf_mY_]e ] \]l][lgm meY j]_mdYja\Y\] ]e*

hja[Y[gf`][a\Y `gb] [geg d]a\] Uah^(im] gZnaYe]fl] fg meY d]a%](

k] ^gkk](fg k]jaY\] Uah^&+
@dY
Yh]fYkgmljY^gjeY \] k] h]fkYj kgZj]
g hjg[]kkg \] \]ka_mYd\Y\]+Jk e][Yfakegk im] ]d] \]k[j]n]m ]jYe gk
k]_mafl]k7imYflg eYak mladarYjmeY hYdYnjY(
e]fgk ]k^gjg ng[ hj][a*
kYj}]ehj]_Yj hYjYmk}*DY
fgnYe]fl]( \] ^gjeY im] ng[ h]_Y hYdYnjYk
]ehj]klY\Yk \] k]m\a[agf}jag h]kkgYd]e hjghgjg | mladarYg
hYkkY\Y
\]kkYkhYdYnjYk+
Dkkg]phda[Yhgj im] \]flj] Yk3- ead hYdYnjYk
hjaf[ahYak
\g af_dk(Yh]fYkYd_meYk[]fl]fYk [gfklalm]e YhYjl] eYagj \g im]
mkY\g ]e l]plgk( ] g fe]jg \] hYdYnjYk
im] YhYj][]e j]_mdYje]fl]
]e [gfn]jkY]k Yaf\Ye]fgj+ ?Y e]keY ^gjeY( imYflg eYak h]kkgYk
k] Y_j]_Yj]e ]e meY [a\Y\] ]kh][^a[Y(eYagj k]j} Yaf[dafYg \] me
]kljYf`g Y ]k[gd`*DY[geg \]klafg+ J _jYf\] ^a[YeYagj ] g h]im]fg
h]jeYf][] h]im]fg gmlgjfY*k] j]dYlanYe]fl] e]fgj+
PeY laeY admkljYg
\] da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd hg\] k]j naklYfg mkgjY*
ha\Ye]fl] [j]k[]fl] \g af_dk[geg meY df_mY^jYf[Y* eYk fg hgj
kmYkimYda\Y\]kafljfk][Yk ] kae hgjim] Ykh]kkgYkhj][akYe mkYjmeY
fa[Y df_mYgmYl]j*k]YmeY fa[Y df_mY
lYflg imYflg hgkkn]d(imYf\g
]fngdna\Yk]e meY [gfn]jkY+<kkae( imYdim]jdf_mYim] YhYj]fl] ]klYj
[ge nYflY_]e YljYaj}\] j]h]fl] emdla\]k8k]mmkgaj} k] ]khYd`Yj[geg
meY ]ha\]eaY ] gmljYkdf_mYk
k]jg dg_g \]kYdgbY\Yk+
>ge ^j]if[aY(
^a[g aehj]kkagfY\g Yggmnaj[gfn]jkYk ]flj] h]kkgYk\] \gak hYk]knara*
f`gk * hgj ]p]ehdg( ]flj] me lmj[g ] me ajYfaYfg(gm]flj] me daZYfk
] me [ahjaglY* [gemfa[Yf\g*k] ]e me af_dkjmae( egn]f\g Ykegk
hYjY]f^YlarYj(hjg[mjYf\g [ge emalg ]k^gjg ^ka[gYkhYdYnjYk
im] kY]e
\] kmYk
_Yj_YflYk+
<l gk e]eZjgk \g @pj[algkmgmkYeg af_dk%]fg
g ^jYf[k&[geg df_mY^jYf[Y %k]jaY
\an]jla\g gmna*dgk&+
>gfka\]j] im]
meY eafgjaY emalg h]im]fY \gk Ye]ja[Yfgk \] gja_]e fgjl]*]mjghaY
\Y Df_dYl]jjY8
ljY\a[agfYde]fl]( gk _jmhgk lfa[gk hj]hgf\]jYfl]k kg
\] Yd]e]k( ajdYf\]k]k(`gdYf\]k]k( ^jYf[]k]k ] gmljYkhjg[]\f[aYk fgjl]*
]mjghaYk+HYk([geg Y_gjYlg\gk gk _jmhgkmkYe g af_dk[geg df_mY
hjaf[ahYd(]d]k hj][akYe ]klm\Yj YkjYr]k\Y df_mYim] Y\glYjYe ] \]*
k]fngdn]j meY Ykkg[aYg
[mdlmjYd
[ge hYjl]k \] meY ad`Y]kh][aYde]fl]
ea\Y( ] lYeZe [ge kmY`akljaY(kmYk
ljY\a]k ] k]mk[gklme]k
,<W@9J&;FEKT?@FJ

J e]keg eg\]dg hg\] k]j mkY\ghYjYgk [gfl}_agk ] Yk[gf[]fljY]k

\] a\aYk+HYk ]pakl]e Yd_meYkj]klja]k fY fYlmj]rY\Yk ]ha\]eaYk im]

* + \.$k[mlajYimaD\aYkfg k] ]khYd`Yek]e Yd_melahg \] ]kljmlmjY+

hj][DkJ
+
\ak[mkkgfg >Yhlmdg
1 kgZj] [geg kgegk hj]hYjY\gk hYjY
G]e Zj]* k] \Y
+X
Y6 ]j af^]jf[aYk+<kkae [geg l]f\]egk Y_]f]jYdarYjYd_meYk
im]klg]k ]
gmljYk(lYeZe hYj][]e ]paklaj!ZY[aYk\] YljYg!is] fgk \aj][ag*
fYe Y[]jlYk [j]fYk+<d_meYka\aYkhjgnYjg k]j [gflY_DJkYk(
eYk fg
gmljYk8
Yd_meYk
^gjeYk \] kmh]jkla]kajg k] ]khYd`Yj(gmljYkfg8 Yd_mfk
+ gk\] [j]fYk j]da_agkYk
hj]\geafYjg( eYk fg gmljgk+J Yfljghdg_g(
ldh
(
+ #W
U
+flaklY[g_falang ] ^adkg^g?Yf Nh]jZ]j hjghgk Yk]_mel] . ]dYkg j] Y
<,X
] a\]egdg_aY \Ykj]hj]k]flY]k+ J im] Ykh]kkgYk[`YeYe \] e]e]k (
b
* mlad$
a\aYk
im] k] ]khYd`Ye] [geh]l]e ]flj] ND
.rYf \ g h]kkgYk[geg hgj*
lY\gj]k( fg kg n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl] [geg _]f]k+ D\aYk]khYd`Ye*k]hgjim](
af^]dare]fl]( le [geg hgjlY\gj]k Y_]fl]k Ymlg*k]jna]fl]kim] ]klg afl]*
j]kkY\gkf]dYk] im] lYeZe le afl]j]kk] ]e \aklgj[*dYkfg hjg[]kkg \]
j]hda[Yg+Qg[ fg ^Yrme Zgdgkaehd]ke]fl] hYjYj]hda[YjmeY j][]alY
X ng[ l]flY ^Yr]jYK[hjhjag Zgdg(mkYf\g a\aYk\] gmljYkh]kkgYkhYjY
e]d`gj}*dg+ Ik( `meYfgk( fg kgegk ^glg[ghaY\gjYk+KgjlYflg( [Yl]_g*
jaYke]flYak [gflY_agkYk\]n]e k]j Yim]dYk
fYk imYak]klYegk hj]hYjY\gk
hYjYY[j]\alYj(lYdn]rYlhjg_jYeY\gk hYjYY[j]\alYj+KYjYim] k]bY[gflY*
_agkY(meY [Yl]_gjaYe]flYd hj][akY[gf[gj\Yj [ge fgkkYfYlmj]rY+

77-

@pakl]Yd_g]plj]eYe]fl]
af_fmg ]e lg\gk gk eg\]dgk \Y \af~ea[Y \Y
[gf[]fljYg im] Yhj]k]fl]a YlY_gjY(]kh][aYde]fl] fgk kg[ag][gf~ea*
[gkgKgj ]p]ehdg( Yh]kYj\Y a\aY\] H]jlgf af[dmajYkgjl]( ]dY\]apY \]
[gfka\]jYj meY [YeY\Y Y\a[agfYd\] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+@e lg\gk gk eg\]*
dgk(g n]f[]\gj [gflafmY k]f\g me n]f[]\gj+ <_gjY( me h]j\]\gj hg\]
h]jeYf][]j k]ehj] me h]j\]\gj( eYk me n]f[]\gj hg\]jaY k]j \]hgklg
hgj Yd_mefgng im] kmjbY\g fY\Y+Iaf_me ]kl} k]_mjg+
O]gjaYkkgZj] da_Y]khj]^]j]f[aYak kg aflmalanYe]fl] YljY]fl]k( eYk
fg j]khgf\]e h]dYhgkkaZada\Y\]\] kmhdYflYghgj fgnYlgk * g im]
imYdim]j[jaYfY]e a\Y\] ]k[gdYj[gf`][] [geg \][dfag \Yk[anadarY]k+
>gfka\]j] Yd_a[Y\Y [a\Y\]k7 [geg ^gaim] MgeY( [ge meY hghmdYg
\] .(/ ead`g fg hjae]ajg k[mdg\]hgak \] >jaklg( Y[YZgm[ge meY hg*
hmdYg\] ./ ead h]kkgYkfg l]j[]ajg k[mdg;>geg ^gaim] =Ydlaegj](
gmljgjYmeY \Yk hjaf[ahYak[a\Y\]k Ye]ja[YfYk(lgjfgm*k] meY j]dimaY;
@[geg ^gaim] YAadY\d^aY
Y[YZgmk]f\g g^mk[Y\Yhgj IgnY Tgjc;

LmYf\g [ge][]a Ygh]jYj [ge [~eZag( ^aim]aYea_g \] me `ge]e [`YeY*

\g Qaf[]fl( im] hYj]saY]pYlYe]fl] [ge me gh]jY\gj \g =jggcdqf( af*
[dmaf\g gk eYf]ajakegk \] Ogfq Bgj\m[`g( k im] ]d] ^YdYnY
Yn]jkg
^jYf[]kY\g Zjggcdqfk+Qaf[]fl ]fkafgm*e] Yd_mfkljmim]k+@flj] k]mk
\alY\gk ]klYnYe7!J jYeg \] gh]jY]k ^afYf[]ajYkhg\] l]j hjf[ah]k( eYk
faf_me h]jeYf][] [geg j]a! ] !<k h]kkgYkim] ng[ ]f[gfljY fg [Yea*
f`g hYjY[aeY k]jg ]f[gfljY\Yk fgnYe]fl] fg [Yeaf`g hYjYZYapg!+
LmYf\g ]m ]jY [jaYfY(]paklaYel]gjaYkkgZj] YdmlY\] [dYkk]k] kgZj]
]eZYl]k ]flj] af\an\mgk afg[]fl]k ] [gjhgjY]k egfkljmgkYk ] hg\]*
jgkYk[YhYr]k\] ]f_gdaj g emf\g+ LmYdim]jme [ge ^ge] afl]d][lmYd
]jY Ydae]flY\g [ge ]kkYkl]gjaYk(im] ^gjYe `]j\Y\Yk \Y [j]fY eYjpak*
lY \] im] Yk^]jjYe]flYk \Y ]phdgjYg ]jYe Ymlg*kmkl]fl}n]ak(
\] im]
gk hg\]jgkgk ^a[YjaYe[Y\Yn]r eYak hg\]jgkgk( Yme]flYf\g YafbmklaY
\g kakl]eY+HYk ZYklYnY
gd`Yj ]e ngdlYhYjYim] k] nakk]im] gk _jYf*
\]k egfkljgk [gjhgjYlangk egjjaYe [geg egk[Yk+K]_m] meY YegkljY
\g lahg k]g ljYfkn]jkYd#TUYYYKKZOUT$
\Yk [gjhgjY]k \geafYfl]k ]e
imYdim]jege]flg
\]l]jeafY\g8 emalYk\]dYkl]jg ]f[]jjY\g YkYlana*
\Y\]k Yd_meYk\[Y\Yk \]hgak( ]fimYflg ^ajeYkkgZj] YkimYakfaf_me
gmnam^YdYj
l]jg kmj_a\g fg []f}jag YhYjlaj \] Yd_meY_YjY_]e fY >Yda*
^jfaY gm\] Yd_me\gf$faljag mfan]jkal}jag+
>gfka\]j] Yk]_mafl] ]klYlkla[Y
kjaY7\Yk imaf`]flYk eYagj]k [gehY*
f`aYk Ye]ja[YfYk ]e .624( imYj]flY Yfgk \]hgak Yh]fYk41 Yaf\Y^YraYe
hYjl] \g k]d]lg _jmhg \Y NlYf\Yj\ Yf\ Kggj$k2--+ Kgm[Yk`YnaYe \]kY*
hYj][a\g ]e ^mk]k8g j]klg ]f[gd`]m gm^Ydam+
q fgl}n]d im] imYk]lg\Yk ]kkYk_jYf\]k [gjhgjY]k ]klYnYe kalmY*
\Yk fg hYkeYak [YhalYdaklY
\g emf\g( gk @klY\gkPfa\gk+ LmYflg eYak
kg[aYdaklY
^gkk]Ygja]flY%&
\] me hYk(eYak ^}[ad]jY hYjYgk egfkljgk
[gjhgjYlangk h]jeYf][]j]e
]e $[]fY+Kgj im] g [YhalYdakeg%]fg g
kg[aYdakeg&
\]kljmam]kk]kg_jgk;
@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
k] ^gj]e \]apY\Yk]e hYr(Yk[gehYf`aYk l]f\]e
Yk]j ]f_gda\Yk+<im]d]k Y^Yngj\Y daZ]j\Y\] ][gf(ea[YYd]_Yeim] [gj*
hgjY]k Z]klaYak] _YfYf[agkYkfg g^]j][]e Ye]YYYd_meYhgjim] Y
[geh]lag YkeYfle kgZ [gfljgd]+ J im] na fY R`Yjlgf N[`ggd [gf*
n]f[]m*e] \] im] g eglang j]Ydhgj lj}k \akkg af[dmameY _jYf\] hgjg
\] gmljY[gakY7Y[Ykg+

HYkimYf\g Ykh]kkgYk\ak[ml]e g Y[Ykg%gim] ^Yr]e jYjYe]fl]&( ]e

_]jYd(gd`Ye hYjYYhjhjaY kgjl]+< kgjl] JUYU[ZXUY[gflY emalg+ JmljY
[gjhg jYg hg\] l]j kgjl] _jYYkYme hjg\mlg \] ]fgje] km[]kkg] lg*
eYj g dm_Yj\gk n]f[]\gj]k YlmYak+
J [YhalYdakeg( ]flj] gmljYk[gakYk(Y
j]nalYdarYg\g emf\g _jYYk| ghgjlmfa\Y\] \] k] l]j kgjl]+< kgjl] g
_jYf\] ]imYdarY\gj(hgjim] imYk]lg\gk hg\]e k]j Z]f]^a[aY\gk hgj ]dY+
Jk _gn]jfgk kg[aYdaklYk
hjgl]_aYe k]mkegfkljgk ]( ^Yr]f\g akkg(eYlY*
nYe fgnYlgk ]e hgl]f[aYd Yfl]k e]keg im] fYk[]kk]e+
Om\g ljYfkaljag+< kgjl] [jagm ] \]kljmam >YjlY_g8]dY[jagm ] \]k*
ljmamMgeY+
@m\akk] Yfl]jagje]fl] im] YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] jmae( eYk fg k]ehj]
Ykkae+< kgjl] emalg eYak a_mYdal}jaY
\g im] YhjhjaY afl]da_f[aY+N]
Ykh]kkgYk^gkk]e j][geh]fkY\Yk ]kljalYe]fl] \] Y[gj\g [ge kmYk[Y*
hY[a\Y\]k( Yk[gakYkYaf\Yk]jaYe afbmklYk
* Ykh]kkgYkfg ]k[gd`]e Yk
hjhjaYk [YhY[a\Y\]k+< Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] hgkkmag ]^]alg Z]f^a[g \] j]]e*
ZYjYd`YjYk[YjlYk\Y kg[a]\Y\]( \]jjmZYf\g gk _jYf\]k+
IYk Yjl]k(gk eg\akegk [mehj]e g e]keg hYh]d+Pe fgnYlg hg\]
k]j Z]f]^a[aY\g hgj me eg\akeg( ]fimYflg k]_ma\gj]k k] emdlahda[Ye
_jYYkYmeY ]ha\]eaY \g lahg da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd+@flg( Y\anaf`] k;
@d]lYeZe \]kYhYj][]+ q emalg afl]j]kkYfl] gZk]jnYjgk ]k[jalgj]k Y[dY*
eY\gk \] meY ]jY ]e hYjla[mdYj] n]j [geg emalgk kmeajYe \] fgkkYk
[gfk[af[aYk+DkkgY[gfl][] Yl e]keg ]e hYk]k[geg YAjYfY(gf\] g
_gn]jfg Ybm\Yj]hmlY]k]klYZ]d][a\Yk(Ykkae[geg YmpadaY
[gehYf`aYk
_jYf\]k im] ]kl]bYe ]f^j]flYf\g \a^a[md\Y\]k+
LmYf\g nakalg=]ajml]( ^j]i]fl]e]fl]
n]bg fYk [YkYk\] hYj]fl]k gk
j]kim[agk\] meY kja] \] !danjgkIgZ]d!( ]f[Y\]jfY\gk \aklaflYe]fl]
]e [gmjg ZjYf[g+ >]jlY n]r( Yd_men]f\]\gj `ah]jYlang [gfk]_mamhg*
ngYjZaZdagl][Yk
hjanY\Yk[ge ]kk]kngdme]k Z]dgk8emalYkh]kkgYk[ge*
hjYe danjgk[ge hjghkalgk \][gjYlangk ] \]k]bYe me [jaljag \] k]d]g
kaehd]k+J [jaljag g^]j][a\g hgj ]kkYkja] ]jY me danjg\] me n]f[]\gj
\g Kjeag IgZ]d \] dal]jYlmjY
hgj Yfg * meY ^gjeY kaehd]k \] k] egf*
lYj YZaZdagl][Ykmhj]eY+< kja] \]n]jaY k]j YlmYdarY\Y
YfmYde]fl]( eYk
hj]kmeg im] Y]ehj]kY l]f`Y ^][`Y\g YkhgjlYkfY \[Y\Y \] .65-+ Naflg
meY hgflY\Y k]ehj] im] gd`g hYjYYim]d]kngdme]k7ng[ gmn] emalg
`gb] ]e \aYkgZj] Nmddq
Kjm\`gee]
%ghjae]ajg hj]eaY\g&( K]Yjd=m[c
%meYYe]ja[YfY&(MgeYaf MgddYf\(<fYlgd] AjYf[] %gk\gak dlaegk ^g*

jYe gk ]k[jalgj]k ^jYf[]k]k eYak ^Yegkgk\] kmYk_]jY]k&(Nl+Eg`f K]j*

k]( Mg_]j HYjlaf \m BYj\ gmAj\ja[ HakljYd;

@m\akk] im] faf_me ]kl} k]_mjg fg @plj]eaklg+ Dkkghgkkmame j]n]j*

YU-lYehgm[g k] ]kl} Ye]YY\g h]dY]plafg [gehd]lY+ <UYYUYeZa]f*
l] YlmYd
h]jeal] im] gk h]im]fgk Y_mYj\]e fY Yfl][~eYjY \g km[]kkg
* ]fimYflg `} na\Y(`} ]kh]jYfY+
@kkY
a\aY^gaj]kkmk[alY\Yj][]fl]e]fl]
hgj >`jak <f\]jkgf( meY \Yk
hgmimkkaeYkh]kkgYkY]fl]f\]j
im] Y\af~ea[Y \Y [gf[]fljYg ^jY[*
lYdhgkkmagmljY[YeY\Y \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+@d]Yjglmdgm[ge Ya\aY\Y
![Ym\Ydgf_Y!(kgZj] YimYd^YdYj]a
]e me afklYfl]+<f\]jkgf l]e kgjl]
\] fg k]j me ]klYlkla[ghjg^akkagfYd%h]kkgYk
im] lan]jYe g YrYj\] hYk*
kYjhgj me lj]afYe]flg ]klYlkla[g[gfn]f[agfYd h]fkYe im] nan]egk
fg H]\ag[jaklg&+ @d]^ga[YhYr\] n]j [ge fgngk gd`gk Y\af~ea[Y \g
emf\g+
q n]j\Y\] im] YR]Z hjg\mr meY [gf[]fljYg Y_m\Y+
Pe _jYf\]
fe]jg \] mkm}jagknakalYYh]fYkYd_mfkhgm[gk kal]k([geg g Bgg_d](
im]( ]fimYflg ]k[j]ng aklg(hgkkma\gefag lglYd\g e]j[Y\g+ @e f]*
f`me hgflg \Y `akljaY+meY[gehYf`aY lgjfgm*k] lg \geafYfl] ]e
lg hgm[g l]ehg * g Bgg_d] hg\] k]jnaj h]kkgYk\Y Ia[Yj}_mYYgNm*
\g]kl] \Y Hgf_daY(hYkkYf\gh]dY>gklYJ]kl] \gk @klY\gkPfa\gk( k]e
l]j im] k] hj]g[mhYj [ge l]d]^gfaklYk(]fnag \] e]j[Y\gjaYk( ]flj]_Yk ]
eYfm^YlmjY+
@kk] g ]klm\g \] [Ykgkmhj]eg \] meY kalmYg\g lahg
g*n]f[]\gj*d]nY *lm\g+
Ig ]flYflg( Ykh]kkgYk]kim][]e im] Yfl]k \g Bgg_d] g <dlYQaklY
\geafYnY g e]j[Y\g \] e][Yfakegk \] Zmk[Y+@klgmhj]hYjY\g hYjY
j]nakYjYe]l}^gjY \g Bgg_d] kmZklalmaf\g*ghgj me fge] fgng ]e ]\a*
]k ^mlmjYk
\]kl] danjg+
J im] <f\]jkgf nam^gaim] YR]Z [YmkY
Yd_gGRfS \Y [gf[]fljYg+
< R]Z hgkkaZadalY
Y^gjeYg \] me j]k]jnYljag \] hjglgBgg_d]k im]
]kh]jYe ]e k]_mf\g hdYfg+@dY
lYeZe hjgegn] g 6UUMRK
OT\KXYU&
gm
k]bY(h]jeal] im] h]kkgYk[ge meY ]kh][aYda\Y\]l[fa[Y ]f[gflj]e
me
hZda[gh]im]fg ] ]kl}n]d+
G]eZj]*k] \g hYh]d\Y R]Z fg km[]kkg\] T]n_]faY FjYkfgnY+BjY*
Yk| Dfl]jf]l( ]dY^ga[YhYr\] [gflgjfYj gk ]\algj]k [gfn]f[agfYak+ N]m

]\algj \] [mdgk[gj*\]*jgkY f]e ]klYjaYfg jYeg k] fg ^gkk]h]dYR]Z+

Kj]kmeYegk im] Y<eYrgf+[ge fg ]paklY] im] ng[ l]f`Y ]k[jalg me
danjgkg^akla[Y\g+
y hjgn}n]d im] meY danjYjaY
emalg h]im]fY im] l]f`Y
Yh]fYk0 ead ngdme]k fg l]f`Y afl]j]kk] ]e \]apYj im] kmY!hjgkY Z]*
dYe]fl] ]dYZgjY\Y!g[mh] me ]khYg \] \]klYim] fYk hjYl]d]ajYk+@Y
e]_YdanjYjaY([geg YYe]ja[YfY =Yjf]k " IgZd] e]\aYfY( hg\] ]klg[Yj
.0- ead ngdme]k( g im] Yaf\Y fg g km^a[a]fl]hYjYY[geg\Yj llmdgk
Ydl]jfYlangk+
<kkae( k]mljYZYd`g]kl} ^Y\Y\g Yg^jY[Ykkg\]k\] g af[ag+
J e]keg fg g[gjj] [ge n]f\]\gj]k \Y R]Z+ PeY danjYjaY
fY R]Z
hg\] l]j me fe]jg imYk]af^afalg \] danjgk(b} im] fg hj][akY l*dgk
^aka[Ye]fl] ]e ]klgim]+ IY n]j\Y\]( faf_me hj][akYl*dgk^aka[Ye]fl]
]e ]klgim]( b} im] gk danjgkhg\]e h]jeYf][]j ]e ^gjeYlg \a_alYdYl
im] k]bYe f][]kk}jagk ]e ^gjeYlg aehj]kkg( g im] [gjj]khgf\] Y me
jYeg ]e]j_]fl] [`YeY\g aehj]kkg hgj \]eYf\Y+
KgjlYflg( [geg Ymlgj\]kl] h]im]fg danjg(ng[ hg\] ^a[Yjk]flY\g
gf\] ]klan]j( ]kh]jYj( lgjfYj*k] \akhgfn]d ]e e][Yfakegk \] Zmk[Y] lYd*
n]r k]j Z]f]^a[aY\g hgj meY ]ha\]eaY g[YkagfYd+
IY n]j\Y\]( YimYda\Y\]
\gk d]algj]k n]e Yme]flYf\g fglYn]de]fl] fgk dlaegk Yfgk _jYYk|
\akhgfaZada\Y\]\] danjgkeYakkg^akla[Y\gk+
@kk] me YeZa]fl] ^jladhYjY
Y\an]jka\Y\]+$
HmalYkh]kkgYke] [`YeYjYe hYjY\ak[mlaj Ya\aY\Y [Ym\Ydgf_Y(g
im] hYj][] k]j g ghgklg ]pYlg \Y [gf[]fljYg km_]ja\Y h]dY]k[YdYZada*
\Y\]+ < [Ym\Ydgf_Y km_]j] im] gk [YjYkh]im]fgk( [gd]lanYe]fl]( \]*
n]jaYe [gfljgdYj me k]_e]flg _jYf\] \Y [mdlmjY] \g [gej[ag( _jYYk
Ygkfa[`gk ] |k kmZ]kh][aYda\Y\]kim] Y_gjYhg\]e kgZj]nan]j hgj [YmkY
\Y Dfl]jf]l+ HYk(]kljYf`Ye]fl]( ]dYlYeZe hg\] km_]jajmeY _jYf\]
\gk] \] \]ka_mYd\Y\]7meY ZYk]_jYf\] \] h]im]fgk ] me fe]jg ema*
lg h]im]fg \] kmh]j_a_Yfl]k(im] bmflgk j]hj]k]flYe hYjl] \Y [mdlmjY
emf\aYd* [ge Yd_mfk\gk h]im]fgk( g[YkagfYde]fl]( Yk[]f\]f\g hYjY

J [Yj}l]j hj}la[g \Y R]Z lYeZe ]kl} ^Yr]f\g [ge im] [jla[gk \] danjgkhYkk]e Yk]j eYak
j]khgfk}n]ak+ @fimYflg ]k[jalgj]k ]jYe af\]^]kgk ] nmdf]j}n]ak |k YjZaljYja]\Y\]k \] [jla*
[Ykdal]j}jaYk(im] hg\]e \aklgj[]j kmYke]fkY_]fk ]( _jYYkYg nak [gf^ajeYljag( ]phgj
h]im]fgk hgflgk ^jY[gkajj]d]nYfl]k fg l]plg( ]d]k Y_gjYle meY hgkag emalg eYak ^gjl]+
@e n]r \Y [YjlY dYe]flgkY Yg ]\algj( ]d]k hg\]e kaehd]ke]fl]
hgklYj kmY[jla[Y YmeY
[jla[Y fY R]Z+ N] ^gj]e YlY[Y\gk GJ NUSOTKS&hg\]e
j]khgf\]j
GJ NUSOTKS ] YlY[Yj
\aj]lYe]fl]
Y[j]\aZada\Y\] \g [jla[g( Ykk]_mjYf\g*k] \] im] kmYk\][dYjY]k YhYj]Ye
j}ha\g ]e mfaYZmk[YfY Dfl]jf]l gm fY Racah]\aY( Y]f[a[dgh\aY hj}la[Y+

\]jjmZYj gk n]f[]\gj]k+ %@kkY

Y ![Ym\Y \mhdY!7meY [Ym\Ydgf_Y \]
[YjYkh]im]fgk ] meY [Ym\Y]klj]alY \] _jYf\]k+&
J hYh]d\Y [Ym\Ydgf_Y ^mf\Ye]flYd fY em\YfY \Y \af~ea[Y \g km*
[]kkg(\]k]klYZadarYf\gg n]f[]\gj Z]e hgka[agfY\g ] Yhj]k]flYf\g gmljg
n]f[]\gj+ @kk][]f}jag k]j} g @plj]eaklg( k]ehj] [geYf\Y\g h]dY[gf*
[]fljYg \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]\g lahg /8 eYk k]j} me @plj]eaklg ]e ljYfk*
^gjeYg [gfklYfl]+
< [gfljaZmag \Y [Ym\Ydgf_Y Yaf\Y fg fmeja[Y * ]kl} [gf^a*
fY\Y | R]Z ] Yg[gej[ag gfdaf] \] h]im]fY ]k[YdY+
HYkh]fk] [geg Y
[Ym\Ydgf_Yhg\]jaY Y^]lYjg ^mlmjg\Y [mdlmjY(\Y af^gjeYg ] \Y na\Y
hgdla[Y+
@dY
hg\]jaY fgk daZ]jlYj\gk hYjla\gk hgdla[gk\geafYfl]k( \g
kakl]eY Y[Y\ea[g( \gk Y_dge]jY\gk \Y aehj]fkY * lm\g im] ]klan]j
YlmYde]fl] fYkegk \] Ymlgja\Y\]kgkka^a[Y\Yk(
hj]kmfgkYk] Ymlg*k]j*
na]fl]k+ < [Ym\Ydgf_Y Ybm\Yj}Y^ge]flYj Y\an]jka\Y\] [g_falanY+Pe
\gk hgflgk Ydlgk\] /--3 ^gal]j ]f[gfljY\g ]e eaf`Y [YapY\] [gjj]ag g
jYk[mf`g \] me danjg[`YeY\g 2UMTOZO\K
3O\KXYOZ_7U] =[X 8TJO\OJ[GR
3OLLKXKTIKY
>XUJ[IK 2URRKIZO\K
1KTKLOZY&
\] N[gll KY_]+KY_]]pYeafY gk
]^]algk \Y \an]jka\Y\] [g_falanYfY kgdmg\] hjgZd]eYk ] egkljY [geg
YnYjaYZada\Y\]]e nak]k ] elg\gk Y_] [geg me e][Yfakeg hYjYY
]ph]jae]flYg+ @dY
^mf[agfY[geg Y]ngdmg+NmZn]jl]f\g Yk_jYf\]k
]kljmlmjYk(lYeZe fgk danjYegk\g SUJU lTOIUhdYlgfa^a[Y\g\] k] ^Yr]j
Yk[gakYk* fg ^afYd(g ]ehajaklY hj}la[g ak]flg \] l]gjaYk\]n]jaY hj]nY*
d][]j+
M]kmeaf\g( Y[Ym\Ydgf_Y me kmZhjg\mlg \g @plj]eaklg( im] g
lgjfY \] []jlg eg\g e]fgk afbmklg7g emf\g fg hYkkYY k]j e]fgk
afbmklghYjYgk [YjYkh]im]fgk( eYk lgjfY*k] ]plj]eYe]fl]
afbmklghYjY
gk _jYf\]k+ Iaf_me ]kl} n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl] ]klYZ]d][a\g+J [YjYh]im]fg
emalg kmZn]jkang+

@klYegk\]kdarYf\g hYjYY\]kgj\]e( eYk fg f][]kkYjaYe]fl] hYjYmeY

\]kgj\]e jmae( g im] km_]j] im] n]j]egk eYak h]jg\gk \] [YdeY] ]k*
lYZada\Y\]([ge YeYagjaY\gk hjgZd]eYk [gf[]fljY\gk ]e me h]im]fg
fe]jg \] >akf]k I]_jgk+
>gfka\]j] YfYlmj]rY \Yk _m]jjYk\g hYkkY\g+J k[mdgQQ fg ^gag
eYak egjl^]jg %]e hgj[]flY_]e \Y hghmdYglglYd&(
eYk ljgmp] Yd_g

fgng8 g [ge]g \gk [geZYl]k \g @plj]eaklg * meY h]im]fY hjgZYZa*

da\Y\] \] me [gf^dalg \]_]f]jYj*k] YlY\araeYg lglYd\Y jYY`meYfY(
me [gf^dalg \g imYdfaf_me ]kl} k]_mjg(]e f]f`me dm_Yj+
Pe ]^]alg hYj][a\g ]kl} g[gjj]f\g fY na\Y ][gfea[Y+ AYd]akgZj]
_dgZYdarYg
fg >Yhlmdg08]dY]kl} Yima(eYk fg lglYde]fl] hYjYg
Z]e7 [jaY meY ^jY_ada\Y\]]flj]dYY\Y ]fimYflg j]\mr YngdYlada\Y\]]
ljYfkeal]$ Y YhYjf[aY\] ]klYZada\Y\]+@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
[jaY >akf]k
I]_jgk \]nYklY\gj]k+<l Y_gjY(fmf[Y nan]egk kgZYYe]YY\] me [g*
dYhkg_dgZYd+
<k afklalma]k^afYf[]ajYkne k] ^mf\af\g ]e me fe]jg
e]fgj \] ZYf[gk emalg _jYf\]k+ <_gjY imYk]lg\gk gk ZYf[gk kg af*
l]j*j]dY[agfY\gk+<kkae( Y][gdg_aY^afYf[]ajY ]kl} af[`Yf\g ]e ZYf[gk
_a_Yfl]k[gk(af[]klmgkgk ] Zmjg[j}la[gk %^j]i]fl]e]fl]
_YmkkaYfarY\gk
]e kmYkYnYdaY]k
\] jak[g&* imYf\g me [Yaj(lg\gk [Yajg+$< eYagj
[gf[]fljYg ]flj] ZYf[gk hYj][] l]j g ]^]alg \] lgjfYj Yk[jak]k ^afYf*
[]ajYke]fgk hjgn}n]ak(eYk imYf\g Y[gfl][]e kg \] ]k[YdYeYak_dgZYd
] Ylaf_]e*fgk [ge emalY^gjY+KYkkYegk\] meY ][gdg_aY\an]jka^a[Y\Y
\] ZYf[gk h]im]fgk( [ge hgdla[Yk\] ]ehjklaegk nYjaY\Yk(hYjYme
]kim]eY eYak `geg_f]g
\] ^ajeYk hYj][a\Yk ]flj] ka+q n]j\Y\] im]
Y_gjYl]egk e]fgk ^jY[Ykkgk(
eYk imYf\g g[gjj]e +++
lj]eg k \] h]f*
kYj+Qgm[gdg[Yj akkg\] gmljY^gjeY7 l]j]egk e]fgk [jak]k(eYk ]dYkk]*
jg eYak _jYn]k+LmYflg eYak jYjg g ]n]flg( e]fgk kYZ]egk kgZj] kmY
hjgZYZada\Y\]+Dkkgka_fa^a[Yim] kYZ]egk [Y\Y n]r e]fgk Yj]kh]alg \Y
hgkkaZada\Y\]\] meY [jak]+
@l]egk Yd_meYa\aY\] [geg lYd[jak] Y[gfl][]jaY+ PeY j]\] me
[gfbmflg \] ]d]e]flgk [`YeY\gk f\mdgk im] kg \] Yd_meeg\g da_Y*
\gk ]flj] kahgj meY [gf]pg8 gk Y]jghgjlgk \g emf\g [gfklalm]e meY
j]s]( Ykkae[geg YR gjd\ Ra\] R]Z( da_Y]kkg[aYak] j]\]k ]dlja[Yk+
@SDkl]me jYeg \] h]kimakY[`YeY\g !l]gjaY \Yk j]\]k! im] ]klm\Y Y
>ge
!*$
( g k] EYfYg lankk]egk hjgZd]eYk km^a[a]fl]k( gk ZYf[gk kg Y_gjYeYak nmdf]j}n]ak Yg
>dkf]I]_jg]|[*$Y! daad>dYm
d$\$D[Y\ g im] EYeYakdgjYe(
$
$[
(
[ge !!!
[D]flaklYk ]e kmYk]iPDh]k
[ma*
sYf\g \Yk ]phgka]k+ < _a_Yfl]k[Y ^ajeY E+h( Hgj_Yf [gdg[gm g emf\g afl]ajg ]e jak[g
sljg\mraf\g(
fgk Yfgk .66-( g MakcH]lja[k( me elg\g ^Ybmlg\aj][agfY\g Y_]j]f[aYj gk
fk[gk \Yk h]kkgYk([YmkYf\g g mkg_]f]jYdarY\g \Y ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y ] [gdg[Yf\g ?^+ Eg`fk fg
hg\]j( fg dm_Yj\gk Ogfqk Bgj\m[`gk [la[gk+ %Pe elg\g j]dY[agfY\g( !QYdm]*Yl*Makc!
sm]( k](ZYk]aYfY e]\a\Y imYflalYlanY\] jak[gk( ]kl} k] ]khYd`Yf\g(& ?Y e]keY ^gjeY( s
ekldlPdg AYffq HY]( ^afYf[aY\Y h]dg _gn]jfg( imYf\g gd`g hYjYk]mkjak[gk( hYj][] ]klYj
k]flY\Y ]e( me ZYjjad\] \afYeal]( nmdf]j}n]d Yg e]fgj kgdmg(HYk fg k] hj]g[mh]7 kmY
_jYf\] ]iPdh] \] [a]flaklYk [gfka\]jgm lYak]n]flgk !aehjgn}n]ak!(

=H

gj_YfarYg \] lYakj]\]k ] Ykda_Y]k]flj] k]mkf\mdgk( [ge h]kima*

kY\gj]k [geg ?mf[Yf RYllk( Nl]n]f Nljg_Ylr(<dZ]jl*GYkrdg=YjYZ}ka]
emalgk gmljgk+Og\gk ]d]k [gehj]]f\]e
YeYl]e}la[Y \g @plj]eaklg
] YafY\]imYg \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY+
@d]k\]k[gZjajYe
Yk]_mafl] hjghja]\Y\] \Yk j]\]k7 ]pakl] meY [gf[]fljYg ]flj] Yd_mfk
f\mdgk im] k]jn]e [geg [gf]p]k []fljYak+<k j]\]k hgkkm]e meY l]f*
\f[aY fYlmjYdYk] gj_YfarYj]e ]e lgjfg \] meY Yjimal]lmjYYdlYe]fl]
[gf[]fljY\Y7 Yd_mfkf\mdgk kg ]plj]eYe]fl]
[gf][lY\gk ] gmljgkimY*
k] fg le [gf]p]k+ < \akljaZmag\]kkYk[gf]p]k hgkkmameY ]kljm*
lmjY]k[Yd}n]d\g lahg im] \ak[mlaj]egk fgk >Yhlmdgk.2 ] .3+ @kk]lahg
\] [gf[]fljYg fg ]kl} daealY\g | Dfl]jf]l8 YhYj][] fY na\Y kg[aYd%me
h]im]fg fe]jg \] h]kkgYk]kl} [gf][lY\g YgmljYk&(
]e j]\]k ]dlja[Yk
] \] [gemfa[Y]k+ DkkghYj][] lgjfYj Ykj]\]k eYakjgZmklYk7
\Yfgk Yd]Y*
ljagk | eYagjaY\YkhYjl]k \Y j]\] fg k]jg aehgjlYfl]k( hgak hjgn}n]d
im] YlafbYeme hgflg hgm[g [gf][lY\g+ HYk]kkY[gf[]fljYg lYeZe
lgjfY Ykj]\]k eYak nmdf]j}n]akYgk>akf]k I]_jgk+ Naehd]ke]fl] [gfka*
\]j] g im] Y[gfl][]jaY k] `gmn]kk] me hjgZd]eY [ge me \gk f\mdgk
hjaf[ahYak+J Zd][Yml]\] ]f]j_aY ]ph]jae]flY\g fg Igjg]kl] \gk @klY*
\gk Pfa\gk ]e Y_gklg\] /--0( [ge g [Ygkim] g k]_mam( me ]p]ehdg
h]j^]alg \g im] hg\]jaY Y[gfl][]j k] me \gk _jYf\]k ZYf[gk im]ZjYkk]
`gb]+
+
HYkgkZYf[gk ]klg ]e meY kalmYgemalg hagj \g im] YDfl]jf]l+ <
af\kljaY ^afYf[]ajYfg hgkkmameY [Ym\Ydgf_Yka_fa^a[YlanY
IgkkY ka*
lmYgk]jaYemalg e]d`gj k] `gmn]kk] meY ][gdg_aY\a^]j]fl]( fY imYdYk
afklalma]k^afYf[]ajYkim]ZjYkk]e g[YkagfYde]fl] ] ^gkk]e dg_g kmZk*
lalm\Ykhgj gmljYkeYak fgnYk(]kh]d`Yf\g YkkaeY\an]jka\Y\] \] f]_*
[agk fY Dfl]jf]l ] Yj]kadaf[aY\Y ][gfgeaY \Y Dfl]jf]l+ Jm k] `gmn]kk]
meY [Ym\Ydgf_Y\] g^a[aYak
\g _gn]jfg ] \] k]jna\gj]k hZda[gkhj]kl]k
Yj]na_gjYj YkZmjg[jY[aYk+$

@pakl](af]nalYn]de]fl]( mjfYl]fkg [j]k[]fl] ]flj] Ykg[a]\Y\]( j]hd]lY

\] [gf[]fljY]k( ] Ya\aY [d}kka[Y\] G[XKGSKJOUIXOZGY&
Ye\aY \gm*
jY\Y( \] ^gjeY im] [gf[]Zn]d im] k]bYe ^]algk]k^gjgk hYjYj]n]jl]j
]kkY[gf[]fljYg+ Qan]egk ]e mjfYkg[a]\Y\] \] meY h]kkgY(me nglg(
gf\] aehgklgk hjg_j]kkangk ^gjYe YhjgnY\gk hj][akYe]fl] hYjY]f^jY*

S
F>=BH<KBLM:H

QMK>FBLMpH
:H

>

> => OHEM: :H

F>=BH<KBLMpH

%*)

*
im][]j
gk n]f[] \ g j]k +@( j]Yde]fl] ( Ykj]_jYk \Y kg[a]\Y\] hg\]e k]j
+
a7Y[add$\Y\]
hgj Yim]d]kfY ZYk]\Y hdjYed\]
hYjY]QDlYj
im]
j]]k[flYk [g e ^\
*
*
Y[gf[]fljYg ^YY
eYd Y]d]k+HYkfg ] f][]kkYfg nglYj hYjYDNNJ
* Y
j]da_aghg\] kmYnarYj
g hjgZd]eY+>gfka\]j] im] ]e emalYkkg[a]\Y\]k(
Yfl]k \g [jaklaYfakeg( gk hg\]jgkgk laf`Ye n}jaYk]khgkYk(]nalYf\g Yk*
kae im] gk im] ]klan]kk]e fY ZYk]\Y haj~ea\] lan]kk]e Y[]kkgYl]jgk(
[gf\ag *im] fg emalg \a^]j]fl] \Y ]p[dmkana\Y\]j]hjg\mlanY \gk
eY[`gk Yd^Y
]e emalYk]kh[a]k+HYkg [jaklaYfakeg j]n]jl]m akkg(_jYYk
| j]_jY me `ge]e*meY emd`]j+ HYaklYj\]( g akddaealgm g fe]jg
\] ]khgkYkYYh]fYkimYljg+J bm\Ykeg(im] ^gjYhgda_~ea[g( lgjfgm*
k] egfg_~ea[g fY D\Y\] H\aY+ Kg\]*k] \ar]j im] lYd]kljYl_aYl]f`Y
ka\g Z]e*km[]\a\Y * Yafklalmag\g [YkYe]flg ja_gjgkYe]fl] egfg*
_~ea[g %k]e meY [gf[mZafY g^a[aYd(
[geg fg h]jg\g _j][g*jgeYfg&(
e]keg imYf\g hjYla[Y\g !| ^jYf[]kY!(hjghgj[agfY Y]klYZada\Y\]kg[aYd(
b}im] fg ]pakl]e _jmhgk \] `ge]fk ajY\gk ] hjanY\gk k]pmYde]fl] fY
ZYk]\Y haj~ea\] ^ge]flYf\g meY j]ngdmg Yh]fYkhYjYim] l]f`Ye Y
ghgjlmfa\Y\] \] k] Y[YkYdYj+
HYk [gfka\]jg Y f^Yk] fY \]ka_mYd\Y\] ][gfea[Y( | [mklY\] gm*
ljgk lahgk \] \]ka_mYd\Y\](]plj]eYe]fl]
af[eg\Y+ EmklaY
fg ]p*
[dmkanYe]fl] meY im]klg ][gfea[Y8 ]dYlgjfY*k] [Y\Y n]r e]fgk akkg
imYf\g ]klYegk kYlak^Yr]f\gfgkkYkf][]kka\Y\]k eYl]jaYakZ}ka[Yk+
J
im] aehgjlY Y`a]jYjimaYkg[aYdJk kmh]jYkljgkk]ehj] ]klYjg d}+Jk
kgnala[gkhg\]e l]j Y[`YlY\g Y]kljmlmjY][gfea[Y( eYk ]f[gjYbYjYe
g hjhjag lahg \] mHKXSKTYIN(J im] hj][YjaYe]fl] [gehj]]f\a\g(
gm
f]_Y\g %\]na\g |k aehda[Y]k\]k[gf[]jlYfl]k&( YYmkf[aY\] me hY*
h]d hYjYYSfJOG fY hjg\mg afl]d][lmYd+
< hYjla[ahYg\]khjghgj[agfYd
\gk emalg hgm[gk fY af^dmf[aYafl]d][lmYd Yaf\YeYak \]k[gf[]jlYfl]
\g im] Y\akljaZmag\]ka_mYd\] jaim]rY * \]k[gf[]jlYfl] hgjim]( \a*
^]j]fl]e]fl]
\Y \akhYja\Y\] \] j]f\Y( fg hg\] k]j ]daeafY\Y hgj f]*
f`meY hgdla[Ykg[aYd+
J [gemfakeg [gfk]_mam g[mdlYjgm [gehjaeaj
\ak[j]h~f[aYk ][gfea[Yk( eYk fg [gfk]_mam]daeafYj g kakl]eY \g km*
h]jYkljg fY na\Yafl]d][lmYd+
AgaYl\]egfkljY\g( hgj Ha[`Y]d HYjegl( \Y R`al]`Ydd Nlm\a]k(im]
Yim]d]kim] ]klg fg lghg \Y `a]jYjimaYkg[aYdnan]e eYak l]ehg( e]k*
eg imYf\g kg ^]algkYbmkl]k
hgj [YmkY
\] \g]fYk+ J hjgb]lg aehj]kkag*
fYfl] \] HYjegl \]egfkljY [gjfg Y[dYkk]kg[aYdhgj kak hg\] Y^]lYjY
dgf_]na\Y\]s Aga[Yd[mdY\gim] Ylgj]k im] j][]Z]jYe me Jk[Yj l]f\]e
$<

Ynan]j ]e e\aY [af[g Yfgk YeYak \g im] gk [gd]_Ykim] fg j][]Z]*

jYe g hjeag+ <k h]kkgYknan]e eYakl]ehg ]e kg[a]\Y\]k im] hgkkm]e
_jY\a]fl]k kg[aYakeYak`gjargflYak+Jk n]f[]\gj]k eYlYe gk [gd]_Yk]f*
imYflg Yim]d]kim] nan]e ]e me _jY\a]+l] kg[aYdeYak Y[]flmY\g nan]e
na\YkeYak [mjlYk(af\]h]f\]fl]e]fl]
\Y [gf\ag ][gfea[Y+
Ig k]a [geg j]e]\aYj akkg%]p[]lg hgj e]ag \] [j]fYk j]da_agkYk&+
q hgkkn]dgZl]j k]_mjg [gfljY g km[]kkg\]kegjYdarYfl] \] k]mk[gd]_Yk;
N]j} im] g Kjeag IgZ]d \]n]jaY k]j YZgda\g;?]n]*k] Y\ealaj im] g Kj*
eag IgZ]d \] ][gfgeaY fg ^gaZge hYjYYkg[a]\Y\] f]e hYjYg [gf`]*
[ae]flg( eYk e]keg Yim]d]kj][geh]fkY\gk hgj [gfljaZma]k XKGOY
fY
e]\a[afY ] fY ^ka[Y
]p[dm]e jYha\Ye]fl] gmljgk \] fgkkY[gfk[af[aY ]
jgmZYe kmYdgf_]na\Y\]+ J @plj]eaklg ]kl} YimahYjY^a[Yj(]flg l]egk
im] nan]j [ge ]d] ] hj][akYegk ]f[gfljYj gk ljmim]k im] g lgjfYe eYak
hYdYl}n]d+

, .?<@, 8, 19<7,
/0 =489#
, 2<,8/0
1<,?/0
48>060.>?,6 !

7[N U@KD
TL O@RSKR
& H DQQN
WX9T]SDKDS& H GNLDL L]CHN TL LNMRSQN
& >@LNRCDHEHBZ&3@
& ;HL NT M[N & =L DWODQHLDMSN
M[N S[N KHSDQZQHN

@kim]Ylm\g im] Yhj]f\]m fY ^Y[md\Y\]kgZj] ]klYlkla[Y

gmkgZj] l]gjaY
\Y hjgZYZada\Y\]+N] ng[ fmf[Y ]klm\gm ]kk]k lha[gk( e]d`gj Yaf\Y+
>ge][]egk Z]e \g hjaf[hag+

@m]klYnY]e lj~fkalg fg Y]jghgjlg \] AjYfc^mjl]e \]r]eZjg \] /--.(

]e naY_]e \] Jkdg hYjYUmjaim]+
@mlaf`Y l]ehg hYjYeYlYj fg Y]jghgjlg ] ]jY meY _jYf\] ghgjlm*
fa\Y\] hYjY[gehjYj [`g[gdYl] YeYj_g ]mjgh]m( ]kh][aYde]fl] hgjim]
[gfk]_ma e] [gfn]f[]j \] im] [YdgjaYk
[gfkmea\Yk ]e Y]jghgjlgk fg
[gflYe+ J [YapYe] \]m( ]flj] gmljYk[gakYk(meY fglY \] .- eYj[gk Yd]*
e]k( \Y imYdk] hg\] ]f[gfljYj meY \a_alYdarYg
%ad]_Yd&
Yk]_maj+<k [*

J d]algj fg*l[fa[g %gmaflmalang&hg\] hmdYj]kl] [Yhlmdg(hgak ]d] ]phdgjY eYak \]lYd`Y*

\Y e]fl] Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg+Qg[ lYeZe hg\] hmdYj]kl] [Yhlmdg[Ykg h]jl]fY |
Y^gjlmfY\Y [Yl]_gjaY \] h]kkgYkim] fg [gf`][]e
Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg+

\mdYk\] eYj[g Yd]eg k]jaYe lajY\Yk \] [aj[mdYg ]e meY im]klg \]

\aYk(b} im] Y@mjghY]klYnYem\Yf\g hYjYg ]mjg+ BmYj\]a*g [geg meY
\][dYjYg \] \]kh]\a\Y+ <fl]k \Y [`]_Y\Y \g ]mjg( Y@mjghYlaf`Y ema*
lYk eg]\Yk fY[agfYak( g im] ]jY Zge 6YjY _j}^a[Yk([YeZaklYk ]( [dYjg(
gh]jY\gj]k \] eg]\Yk [geg ]kl] %eYakgm e]fgk& `mead\] Ymlgj+@f*
imYflg [geaY e]m [`g[gdYl] YeYj_g ]mjgh]m ] gd`YnYe]dYf[gda[Ye]f*
l] hYjY Y fglY( imYk] ]f_Yk_m]a+ K]j[]Za \] j]h]fl]( h]dY hjae]ajY n]r(
im] `YnaYYd_g\] [mjagkg f]dY+< fglY ]paZaYg j]ljYlg \] >Yjd Aja]\ja[`
BYmkk] me \]k]f`g \] kmY[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY+

: m\_T `afT WX , H _TdVae( dXbdXeX`fT`Wa@TgeeX( | W\dXmT

WX^X(T <NGT `T Yad_T WXe\`a Wa FX)
W\aVd\efya(

< ajgfaY eYj[Yfl] Yima im] g dlaeg gZb]lg im] hg\] k]j j]dY[agfY*
\g | eg]\Y Yd]e ljYlY*k]hj][akYe]fl]
\]kkY [mjnY7g XKOINYSGXQ
%fge]
Yfl]jagj \Y eg]\Y& hYkkgm\Y [glYg \] imYljg hgj \dYj hYjY W[GZXU
ZXORNkKYVUX
\dYj fg ]khYg \] hgm[gk Yfgk \mjYfl] Y\[Y\Y \] .6/-( j]*
kmdlY\g im] fgk \ar im] Y[mjnY fY(^gjeY \] kafg fg l]e k]fla\g [geg
\]k[jag \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ]e ^dmlmY]ke;f]l}jaYk+ KYjYim] k] j]b]al]
Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg( ZYklYim] lYdeJQae]flg
g[gjjY kge]fl
$\
(+( (
] meY
fa[Y n]r * Yh]fYk [gfkd ]j] Yk[gfk]im]f[dYk+ >gflm\g
d$
( Y . ]klYnYY
[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg( ] YgdY\g \]dY C]jj Kjg^]kkgj ?gcl
B
gj Ymkk(hgm*
[g _jY[agkg( me hgm[g Ymkl]jg( []jlYe]fl]
Yd_me [
(
ge im]e ]m f*
Yg
_gklYjaY\] hYkkYjg l]ehg J>DJkYe]fl] ]e me l]jjY Z Z
g(
] ]f\ g hYkldk]
$
ljYnYf\g meY [gfn]jkY k]e Ykkmflg+

>`g[Yfl]e]fl](
Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg mkY\Y[geg ^]jjYe]flY
\] e]\ag \] jak[g hgj j]_mdY\gj]k ] ZYfim]ajgk []fljYak im] n]kl]e
l]jfgk ]k[mjgk ] ^YdYe\] eg\g l]\agkg kgZj] eg]\Yk+

g hgflg

hjaf[ahYd \Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY(

[geg b} \akk](
im] YeYagjaY \Yk gZk]jnY]k ^dmlmYe]e lgjfg \g e]\g[j](
g e\ag8
YhjgZYZada\Y\] \] me \]knag \][dafYe [Y\Y n]r eYak j}ha\g %]phgf]f*
[aYde]fl]& | e]\a\Y im] fgk Y^YklYegk \Y e\aY+ N] ng[ hj][akY l]j
meY fa[Y h]Y \] af^gjeYg( Yima ]kl} ]dY7g Yme]flg \jYe}la[g fY
n]dg[a\Y\] \g \][ fag \Yk hjgZYZada\Y\]k | e]\a\Y im] fgk Y^YklYegk
\g []fljg( gm \Y e\aY+ Q]bYYdaklYYZYapghYjYmeY \]egfkljYg
\akkg+
@klgmmkYf\g g ]p]ehdg \] meY imYfla\Y\] _YmkkaYfY(
[geg YYdlmjY(]
kaehda^a[Yf\g*Y hYjYlgjf}*DY me hgm[g eYak admkljYlanY+
Kj]kmeY im] Y
YdlmjYe\aY %]flj] `ge]fk
] emd`]j]k& k]bY\] .(34 e( gm \] [af[g hk
] k]l] hgd]_Y\Yk+>gfka\]j] g im] [`Yeg Yima\] [TOJGJKJK JKY\OU[geg
k]f\g .- []fle]ljgk+ JZk]jn]egk
af[j]e]flgk
Y[aeY \] .(34 e ] [gf*
ka\]j]egk YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k \] Yd_me l]j lYdYdlmjY7
.- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
.(44 e gm [af[g hk ] \]r hgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 3(0
/- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
.(54 e gm k]akhk ] \mYk hgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 11
0- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
.(64 e gm k]akhk ] k]akhgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 411- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
/(-4 e gm k]akhk ] fgn] hgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 0/+--2- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
/(.4 e gm k]l] hk ] meY hgd]_Y\Y&7. ]e 0+2--+--3- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg \g
/(/4 e gm k]l] hk ] [af[g hgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e .+---+---+--4- []fle]ljgk
eYak Ydlg \g im] Y e\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg\g
/(04 e gm k]l] hk ] fgn] hgd]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 45-+---+---+---

im]
im]
im]
im]
im]
im]
im]

5- []fle]ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg\g im]

/(14 e gmgalg hk ] meY hgd]_Y\Y&7
. ]e .+3--+---+---+---+--6- []fle]ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg\g im]
/(24 e gm galg hk ] [af[g hg ]_Y\Yk&7. ]e 5+6--+---+---+---+
---+--.-- []fle]ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg\g im]
/(34 e gm galg hk ] fgn] hgd]_Y\Yk&7
. ]e .0-+---+---+---+---+
---+---+---

@e [gehYjYg( gZk]jn] YhjgZYZada\Y\]\] k] k]j ja[g fY @mjghY+

Kj]*
kmeY im] d}Yjaim]rY k]bY]k[Yd}n]d(aklg( eYf\]dZjglaYfY+ %@kkY
fg
meY \]k[jag hj][akY \Y jaim]rY fY @mjghY8
]dY]kl} kaehda^a[Y\YhYjY
]f^YlarYjYd_a[Y\Y \akljaZmag]k[Yd}n]d+&!

..- []fle]ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY %gmk]bY(eYak Ydlg\g im]

/(44 e gmfgn] hk ] meY hgd]_Y\Y&7
. ]e 03+---+---+---+---+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
---+ ---+---+ J
--+ ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---

K]kkgYk[ge hYljaefag dima\g eYagj \g im] . ead`g \] ]mjgk7

. ]e 3/(2
HYagj \g im] / ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e /2HYagj \g im] 1 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e .+--HYagj \g im] 5 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e 1+--HYagj \g im] .3 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e .3+--HYagj \g im] 0/ ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e 31+--HYagj \g im] 0/- ead`]k \] ]mjgk7. ]e 3+1--+---

M]hYj] im] dg_g\]hgak( Y[j]\alg im] ]e // \]knagk( gm//- []fle]*

ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY( YkhjgZYZada\Y\]kYlaf_]e me _m_gd(im]
[gjj]khgf\] Ygfe]jg me k]_ma\g \] []e r]jgk+
J hsslg \]kkY daklY admkljYjY Y[]d]jYg+JZk]jn] Y\a^]j]fY fYk
h7gZYZD`\Y\]k]flj] 3- s 4- []fle]ljgk eYak Ydlg\g im] Ye\aY7 \]*
nD\g Yse Yme]flg \] Yh]fYk .- []fle]ljgk( hYkkYegk\] meY h]kkgY
]e . ZDd`ghYjYmeY ]e 45- Zad`]k LmYflg Yg kYdlg]flj] 4- ] 5[]fle]ljgk7 \]r []fle]ljgk YeYak Y[aeY \Y e\aY ] hYkkYegk\] .
]e 45- Zad`]khYjY. ]e .(3 ead`g \] Zad`]k !
+J \][dfag Y[]flmY\g fYk [`Yf[]k \] k] ]f[gfljYj Yd_g g im] h]j*
eDl] im] k] a_fgj]e gk U[ZROKXY(
Nge]fl] meY [mjnYhg\] Yhj]k]flYj lYd
\][dfag * Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg %]kmYkajek fg*]k[Yd}n]ak&+

Pe \gk Ykss]lgk eYak af[gehj]]f\a\gk

\Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
kmY^jY_ada\Y\]
]Xnmdf]jYZada\Y\]
sY ]klaeYlanY\] ]n]flgk [ge [Ym\Y+<k [`Yf[]k \] me egnae]flg
1 ka_eYk
ksg \mY+k
n]r]k eYDgj]k \g im] Y\] me egnae]flg
1(.2 ka_eYk+<k [`Yf[]k \] me /- ka_eYk
kYg. ljsg \] 7]r]k eYagj]k \g im] Y\] me /. ka_eYkdDkkgka_fa^a[Yim] me h]im]fg ]jjg
s] s]sYg \g kd_eY d]nYj}YmeY kmZ]klaeYg _a_Yfl]k[Y\Y hjgZYZada\Y\]+Kg\]egk ]klYj
ljad`Yg\] n]r]k ]jjY\gk ]e j]dYg YYd_mfk]n]flgk+

0 \KRUIOJGJK
JG JOSOT[OedUVKXSGTKIKIUTYZGTZK
GW[O#U[ TdU JKIRO'
TG$ LmYf\g k] \gZjY YimYfla\Y\] \] \af`]ajg( \ana\]*k] Yaf[a\f[aY

hgj me ^Ylgj\] imYljg( af\]h]f\]fl]e]fl]

\g fn]d(]kl]bYng[ ]e 5
ead`]k gm]e .3 ead`]k+ M]kmea\Ye]fl]( akkgadmkljY
Y\a^]j]fY ]flj]
g H]\ag[jaklg ] g @plj]eaklg+
G]eZj]*k] \Y [gehYjYg ]flj] g ]k[Yd}n]d] g fg*]k[Yd}n]d\g >Yh*
lmdg0+@k[YdYZada\Y\]
ka_fa^a[Y
im] fg `} n]flg [gflj}jag im] [Ymk]meY
j]\mg fY n]dg[a\Y\]+
JZnaYe]fl]( g @plj]eaklg eYf\]dZjglaYfg hg\] lgeYj emalYk^gj*
eYk+>gfka\]j] Yjaim]rY ]e meY n]jkg ]plj]eYe]fl]
[gf[]fljY\Y \g
@plj]eaklg8 d}(k] Yjaim]rY ^gj \gZjY\Y( Yaf[a\f[aY j]\mra\Y hYjYY
e]lY\]+ J j]kmdlY\g imYflalYlanYe]fl] \a^]j]fl] \g ]p]ehdg Yfl]jagj(
eYk gZ]\][] | e]keY d_a[Y+

H]m KLflg hjaf[ahYd( g imYdj]halg \] meY ^gjeY gm \] gmljY Yg dgf_g \Y KYjl] Ojk( g
k]_mafl]7 lm\g ^a[Y^}[ad([gf[]almYde]fl]( imYf\g k] [gfka\]jY im] ]pakl]e \gak( ] Yh]fYk
\gak( hYjY\a_eYk hgkkn]ak7fg*]k[Yd}n]d %[geg Y_YmkkaYfY&
] U[ZXU%[geg YYd]Ylgja]\Y*
\] eYf\]dZjglaYfY&+ < j]b]ag \Y Yhda[Yg\g fg*]k[Yd}n]d km^a[a]fl]( [geg n]j]egk(
VGXGKROSOTGX
[SG IKXZG\OYdUJU S[TJU( Dklg [geg ]ehajakeg f]_Ylang7 k]a emalY [gakY
\]l]jeafYf\g
g im] ]kl} ]jjY\g+

3OYZXOH[OedU
LXGIZGR
JK XOW[K`G
IUS MXGTJKY
JKYOM[GRJGJKY
K]kkgYk [ge
. ]e 30
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]

hYljaefag dima\g eYagj \g im] , ead`g

\] ]mjgk7

/ ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e ./2

1 ead`]k \] ]mjgk8 . ]e /25 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e 2-.3 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e .+--0/ ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e /+--0/- ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e /-+--31- ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e 1-+---

N] Yjaim]rY ^gkk] _YmkkaYfY(

gZk]jnYjYegk Yk]_mafl] \an]j_f[aY
laj \] . ead`g \] ]mjgk7

K]kkgYk [ge
. ]e 30

hYljaefag dima\g eYagj \g im] . ead`g

HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
HYagj \g im]
--+---+---+---+---

/ ead`]k
0 ead`]k
1 ead`sk
5 ead`]k

\]
\]
\]
\]

]mjgk7 .
]mjgk7 .
]mjgk7 .
]mjgk7 .

]e
]e
]e
]e

YhYj*

\] ]mjgk7

./4+--.1+---+---+--553+---+---+---+---+--.3+---+---+---+---+---+---+-

HYagj \g im] .3 ead`]k \] ]mjgk7 . ]e +++

TKTN[S JK SK[Y IUSV[ZG'
JUXKYf IGVG`JK ROJGX
IUS UIbRI[RU(
J im] im]jg egkljYj [ge ]kkYkdaklYk Y\a^]j]fY imYdalYlanYfgk hYjY*
\a_eYk+ >geg \akk] Yfl]k( g k]_mf\g hYjY\a_eY ]k[Yd}n]d8fg ]pakl]
n]flg [gflj}jag+ M]hYj] im] gmljg l]jeg hYjY g ]k[Yd}n]d d]ak\] hg*
lf[aY+
<h]fYk kYZ]j im] ]klYegk ]e me YeZa]fl] \] d]ak\] hglf[aY fg
fgk \ar emalY [gakY+Kgj im; Kgjim] hj][akYegk e]\aj gk [g]^a[a]fl]k fY
na\Y j]Yd(g im] emalg eYak \a^[ad\g im] ]e meY ]kljmlmjY _YmkkaYfY+
Nge]fl]
Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfYj]n]dY kmYkhjghja]\Y\]k
emalg j}ha\g+ J elg\g
im] hjghgf`g eYak meY ^gjeY _]jYd \] k] n]j
g emf\g \g im] meY kgdmg hj][akY+

G]eZj]*k] \akkg7 YknYjaY]k\Yk [mjnYk fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfYk

]f*
^j]flYe me n]flg [gflj}jag im] ^Yr [ge im] YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k [YaYe
[Y\Y n]r eYak j}ha\g | e]\a\Y im] ng[ k] Y^YklY\Y e\aY( ]fimYflg
nYjaY]k!]k[Yd}n]ak!( gm eYf\]dZjglaYfYk( fg le lYdj]kljag+ q ZYka*
[Ye]fl] akkgim] ng[ hj][akY kYZ]j7

JZk]jn]egk
eYak Yl]flYe]fl]
YfYlmj]rY \Y \]ka_mYd\Y\]+ Ig ]kim]eY
_YmkkaYfg(Y \]ka_mYd\Y\] \aeafma v e]\a\Y im] gk \]knagk Yme]flYe
* g im] [YmkY\g h]dg Yme]flg \Y lYpY\] \aeafmag+ J e]keg fg
g[gjj] [ge g ]k[Yd}n]d7Y\]ka_mYd\Y\] k]ehj] h]jeYf][]
a_mYd+
< \]ka*
_mYd\Y\] ]flj] gk kmh]j*ja[gk Ye]keY \]ka_mYd\Y\] ]flj] gk kaehd]k*
e]fl] ja[gk * kmYn]dg[a\Y\] fg \aeafma7$
>gfka\]j] g k]_mafl] ]^]alg7 h]_m] meY YegkljY_]e Yd]YljaY\] \mYk
h]kkgYk \Y hghmdYg \gk @klY\gk Pfa\gk im]( ]e [gfbmflg( j][]ZYe .
ead`g \] \dYj]k hgj Yfg+ Ig H]\ag[jaklg( Y[geZafYg eYak hjgn}*
n]d k]jaY \] e]ag ead`g hYjY [Y\Y me+ Ig @plj]eaklg( ]dYk]jaY \] 2ead ] 62- ead \dYj]k+
M]hYj] im] nYja}n]akhg\]e fg k]j af\]^afa\Ye]fl]
]k[Yd}n]ak8hg\]jaY ]paklaj me daeal]
e}paeg emalg( emalg j]eglg * eYk fg kYZ]egk gf\] ]d] ^a[Y(\] ^gjeY im] ljYlYegk
meY kalmYg]kh][^a[Y [geg k] ^gkk] af^afalYe]fl] ]k[Yd}n]d+O][fa[Ye]fl](
fg k] hg\]
n]f\]j me fe]jg
\] [haYk \] me danjg im] k]bYeYagj \g im] g fe]jg
\] `YZalYfl]k
fg hdYf]lY* eYk ]kk] daeal] kmh]jagj km^a[a]fl]e]fl] _jYf\] hYjYim] k]bYljYlY\g [geg
k] fg ]paklakk]+<de \g eYak( im]e kYZ](j]^gjemdYf\g YjgmhY_]e \g danjg( lYdn]r k]bY
hgkkn]dn]f\*Dg \mYkn]r]k hYjYYe]keY h]kkgY(gm ^Yr]j [ge im] ]dYYkkaklY
Yg e]keg
^dde] n}jaYkn]r]k+

@fimYflg j]nakYnY]kl] jYk[mf`g( ]e Y_gklg \] /--3( `gkh]\]a*e]

]e me `gl]d ]e ?]*
\`Ye( HYkkY[`mk]lk( hjpaeg \Y [gdfaY\] ^jaYk\] me \] e]mk ^ad`gk+<da( ^aim]a me
hgm[g aflja_Y\g [ge YYZmf\~f[aY \] h]kkgYk [ge ]p[]kkg \] h]kg [Yeaf`Yf\g
h]dg kY*
_mg ] _]jYf\g hjgZd]eYk [ge gk _]jY\gj]k \] j]k]jnY \gk ]d]nY\gj]k+ ?]k[gZja im] fg
`gl]d ]klYnYY[gfl][]f\g
Y[gfn]fg YfmYd\Y <kkg[aYg IY[agfYd hYjYY<[]alYg \gk
Bgj\gk %I<A<( fY ka_dY]e af_dk&+>geg YeYagjaY \gk e]eZjgk
]klYnY]p[]kkanYe]fl]
Y[aeY \g h]kg( fg ^ma[YhYr \] \]k[gZjaj imYd\]d]_Y\g ]jY g eYak h]kY\g7 meY ^gjeY
\] a_mYd\Y\]hj]nYd][aY ]flj] gk emalg h]kY\gk %meYh]kkgY emalg eYak h]kY\Y \g im] Yk
im] na ]klYjaYegjlY&+ O]f`g []jl]rY \] im] fY [gfn]fg \Y I<M< %ka_dY
]e af_dk hYjY
Y<kkg[aYg IY[agfYd hYjY Y<[]alYg \gk Ma[gk&(meY h]kkgY ^YjaYYkgmljYkhYj][]j]e
h]im]fYk ]( e]keg ]flj] gk kmh]j*ja[gk( meY hgj[]flY_]e
emalg h]im]fY j]hj]k]flYjaY
meY _jYf\] hgjg \Y jaim]rY lglYd+

< kalmYg Yaf\YeYak \]ka_mYd[ge n]f\Yk \] danjgk+N] ]m \akk]kk]

Yng[ im] \gak ]k[jalgj]k n]f\]jYe me lglYd\] . ead`g \] [haYk\]
k]mkdanjgk(Y[geZafYg eYakhjgn}n]d \] 660 ead [haYkn]f\a\Yk hgj
me ] 4 ead hYjYg gmljg+Dkkg emalg eYak hjgn}n]d \g im] [Y\Y danjg
n]f\]j 2-- ead [haYk+>GXGW[GRW[KX
ZUZGR
MXGTJK&
G JO\OYdU
YKXbIGJG \K`
SGOYGYYOSfZXOIG(

Kgj im] akkgY[gfl][]; J hjgZd]eY \Y YdlmjY

^gjf][] meY [gehYjYg+
N] ]m \akk]kk]Yng[ im] YYdlmjY
lglYd\] \mYkh]kkgYk \] 1(/3 e]ljgk(
ng[ a\]fla^a[YjaYY\anakg eYakhjgn}n]d [geg k]f\g \] /(.0 e]ljgk hYjY
[Y\Yme( ] fg \] 3- []fle]ljgk ] 0(33 e]ljgk( f]e e]keg \] /(10 e]*
ljgk ] .(50 e]ljgk K]kkgYk[ge eYak\] /(1- e]ljgk kg lg jYjYkim] lYd
[geZafYg k]jaYaehgkkn]d+

Qg[ b}gmnam^YdYj
fY j]_jY 5-,/-; @dY
YeYj[Y [geme \] meY d]a\]
hglf[aY * fY n]j\Y\]( ^gaYkkaeim] l]n] af[ag(imYf\g Qad^j]\g KYj]lg
^]r YgZk]jnYg\] im] 5- hgj []flg \Y l]jjY fY Dl}daY
h]jl]f[aYe Y/- hgj
[]flg \Y hghmdYg+
<d_meYkh]kkgYkmkYe Yj]_jY hYjYkm_]jajim] 5hgj []flg \g ljYZYd`gkg ^]algkhgj /- hgj []flg \Ykh]kkgYk+
Jm im] 5- hgj
[]flg \gk ]k^gjgk[gfljaZm]e hYjYYh]fYk/- hgj []flg \gk j]kmdlY\gk(
] na[]*n]jkY+
Ig im] \ar j]kh]alg YYpageYk(]kk] fg ^gaj]\a_a\g hYjYaehj]kkag*
f}*DgYge}paeg7 ]d] hg\]jaY ^Y[ade]fl] k]j [`YeY\g \] j]_jY 2-,-.( gm
k]bY(2- hgj []flg \g ljYZYd`gkg ^]algkhgj . hgj []flg \gk ljYZYd`Y\g*
j]k+ @kkY
^gjemdYg ^Yr[ge im] g emf\g hYj]YYaf\Y eYak afbmklg(
eYk Yk\mYk^jemdYkkg ]pYlYe]fl] Ye]keY+ >geg; =]e( k] ]pakl] \]*
ka_mYd\Y\](]flg Yim]d]kim] [gfklalm]e gk /- hgj []flg fY j]_jY 5-,/lYeZe [gfljaZm]e \]ka_mYde]Dd7l]
* Yh]fYkhgm[gk \]d]k ^gjf][]e Y
eYagj hYjl] \gk j]kmdlY\gk+Dkkgk] j]\mr Y[]j[Y \] me ]e []e( [gflja*
Zmaf\g [ge me hgm[g eYak \g im] Ye]lY\] \g lglYd+
< j]_jY 5-,/- Yh]fYke]lY^ja[Y * fg meY j]_jY ] emalg e]fgk
meY d]aj_a\Y+Ig e]j[Y\g ]\algjaYd\gk @klY\gkPfa\gk( Ykhjghgj]k
]klg eYak hYjY64,/- %gmk]bY(64 hgj []flg \Yk n]f\Yk \] danjgkkg
^]alYkhgj /- hgj []flg \gk ]k[jalgj]k&8Yhjghgjg Yaf\Y hagj k] fgk
[gf[]fljYjegk
fY fg*^a[g dal]j}jaY%/- danjgk]flj] []j[Y \] imYk]5
ead j]hj]k]flYe e]lY\] \Ykn]f\Yk&+

+ M]hYj] Yimaim] fg lm\g af[]jl]rY+ @e Yd_meYkkalmY]k(

hg\]
`Yn]j meY [gf[]fljYg( \g lahg 5-,/-( [ge hjghja]\Y\]k emalg hj]*
nakn]ak] ljYl}n]ak(g im] hgkkaZadalY
meY lgeY\Y [dYjY\] \][akg( ]kh]*
[aYde]fl] hgjim] k] hg\] a\]fla^a[Yj JK GTZKSdUgf\] ]klg gk /- hgj
[]flg ka_fa^a[Ylangk+
@kkYk
kalmY]kkg emalg ^}[]ak\] k] [gfljgdYj+ Kgj
]p]ehdg( HYd[gde BdY\o]dd]k[j]n]m ]e me Yjla_gfg ANK<K] EUXQKX
im] YeYagj hYjl] \gk [Ykgk\] YZmkgk[gfljY hjakagf]ajgk YljaZmn]d
Y
me fe]jg emalg h]im]fg \] _mYj\Ykh]jn]jkgk+ M]egnY ]kk]k_mYj\Yk
] YlYpY\] YZmkg[gfljY hjakagf]ajgk [Yaj}\jYeYla[Ye]fl]+ %Ig jYeg
]\algjaYd(hgj gmljg dY\g(fg k] kYZ]\] Yfl]eg imYddanjgk]j} me km*
[]kkg \] n]f\Yk+ J e]keg Y[gfl][] [ge Yk_m]jjYk(hgakfg k] kYZ]\]
Yfl]eg imYd[gf^dalg eYlYj} hYjl] \gk j]ka\]fl]k \g hdYf]lY+&

M]kmeaj]a] j]h]laj]a Yimagk Yj_me]flgk ^]algkhj]naYe]fl] Ygdgf_g \g

danjg+H]\a\Yk \] af[]jl]rY ZYk]Y\YkfY [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg kaehd]k*
e]fl] \]k[gfka\]jYe YhgkkaZada\Y\](] lYeZe g aehY[lg( \] _jYf\]k
kYdlgkgm\]k[gflafma\Y\]k ]( hgj akkg(fg kg Yhda[}n]ak
fg @plj]eaklg+
Pladar}*DYk
[geg [gf[]fljYj*k] fY _jYeY ] fg gZk]jnYj Yk}jngj]k %_a*
_Yfl]k[Yk&+
<h]kYj \] _jYf\]k \]knagk aehj]nakn]akk]j]e jYjgk(]d]kfg
hg\]e k]j \]k[gfka\]jY\gk [geg U[ZROKXY
hgjim]( [memdYlanYe]fl]( k]m
aehY[lg \jYe}la[g \]eYak+
< ^gjeY _YmkkaYfY
ljY\a[agfYd\] k] n]j g emf\g [ge]Y YljYnk\g
^g[g fg gj\af}jag ] \]hgak da\Y[ge ]p[]]k gmkmhgklgkU[ZROKXY
[geg
k] ^gkk]e Yf[adYj]k+
HYk ]pakl] me k]_mf\g eg\g( im] lgeY g ]ph]ja*
e]flYd [geg hgflg \] hYjla\Y] ljYlYg gj\af}jag [geg kmZgj\afY\g+
E}]f^Ylar]aim] ]pakl]e \mYknYja]\Y\]k \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\](imYdalYlanY*
e]fl] \a^]j]fl]k( [geg Yj ] }_mY+
PeY fg k] aehgjlY [ge ]plj]egk8 Y
gmljY _jYn]e]fl] aehY[lY\Yhgj ]d]k+PeY fg _]jY>akf]kI]_jgk( YgmljY
kae+<k l[fa[Yk mkY\YkhYjY\ak[mlaj me _}k fg hg\]e k]j Yke]keYk
im] mkYjYegkhYjY\ak[mlajme dima\g+@(k] hm\]kk]e( fg hg\]jYegk
[`YeYj YYZgj\Y_]e \] !meY YhjgpaeYg!+Pe _}kfg !k] YhjgpaeY!
\] me dima\g+
Kg\]egk ^Yr]j Zge mkg\Y YZgj\Y_]e _YmkkaYfY
]e nYja}n]akhYjY
YkimYak]paklYmeY jYrg jY[agfYdhYjYim] YeYagj fg ]kl]bYdgf_] \]*

eYak \Y e\aY+ N] Y_jYna\Y\] hmpYj gk fe]jgk

hYjYZYapggm k] ]paklaj
daealY]k ^ka[Ykim] aeh]Ye gZk]jnY]k emalg _jYf\]k( Y[YZYegk fg
H]\ag[jaklg+ N] ]paklaj]e ^gjYk\] ]imadZjag ^gjl]k im] YljYaYe Yk[ga*
kYk\] ngdlY [ge ZYklYfl] jYha\]r( \]hmak im] Yk[gf\a]k \anajbYe \g
]imadZjag(]flg( eYak meY n]r( hg\]*k] mkYjYYZgj\Y_]e _YmkkaYfY+
?g
[gflj}jag( hg\] ]kim][]j+ q hgj akkgim] ZgY hYjl] \Y ][gfgeaY ZYk]Y\Y
fY fgg \] ]imadZjag7]flj] gmljgk Z]f]^[agk( ]dYh]jeal] im] ^]fe]*
fgk ][gfea[gk k]bYe ljYlY\gk [geg k] ^gkk]e _YmkkaYfgk+
M]hYj] im] fg ]klgm \ar]f\g im] g lahg \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] \g H]\ag*
[jaklg fg h]jealY GRM[TY
]plj]egk+ HYk ]dYfgk \ar im] ]d]k kg lg jYjgk
im] fg \]k]eh]f`Ye
me hYh]d ka_fa^a[Ylangfg lglYd+J ]^]alg \] lYak]p*
lj]egk h]im]fg \]eYak ] \aeafma v e]\a\Y im] YhghmdYg Yme]flY+
KYjYk]j me hgm[g eYak l[fa[g( k] lan]jegk meY nYja]\Y\] \] _a*
_Yfl]k ] \] Yf]k( gm k]bY(gZk]jnY]k YemalYk gj\]fk \] eY_falm\] \]
\akl~f[aY ]flj] ka(Yaf\Y hg\]jYegk ]klYj fg H]\ag[jaklg+ >geg; QY*
egk hj]kmeaj im] l]f`Yegk meY YegkljY_]e \] ead h]kkgYk( [ge me
]kh][ljg Yehdg( af\g \g Yfg Yg_a_Yfl]+ q hjgn}n]d im] n]bYegk emalgk
_a_Yfl]k fY YegkljY_]e( ] fg _a_Yfl]k jYjgk ] g[YkagfYak+< e\aY fg
k]jaY aehY[lY\Y h]dg _a_Yfl] Y\a[agfYd g[YkagfYd hgjim] k] ]kh]jY im]
Yd_mfk_a_Yfl]k ^YYe hYjl] \Y YegkljY_]e( ] Y e\aY hjgnYn]de]fl]
k]j} YdlY+
@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(YeYagj gZk]jnYg \] lg\Yk hg\] fg ]klYj
lg dgf_] \Y e\aY+ < e\aY k]ehj] [gfl]j} YeZgk gk lahgk( _a_Yfl]k ]
Yf]k( \] ^gjeY im] f]f`me
\]d]k \]n]j} k]j jYjg \]eYak * Y e]fgk
im] l]f`Yegk
me e]_Y_a_Yfl] gm me ea[jgYfg
]e g[Yka]k emalg
jYjYk+Dkkgk]jaY g H]\ag[jaklg [ge meY mfa\Y\] \] \]knag _jYf\]+
M]hYj] fgnYe]fl]
fg k]_mafl] hjaf[hag7 imYflg eYak jYjg ^gj g
]n]flg( eYagj k]j} g ]jjg fY ]klaeYlanY \] kmYhjgZYZada\Y\] * e]keg
imYf\g Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
^gj mladarY\Y+
HgkljYj]a [geg Y [mjnY fY ^gjjhY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY]pljYa Y Yd]Ylg*
ja]\Y\] \Y na\Y * im] g eglang \] kmYhghmdYja\Y\]+ BgklYegk \]dY
hgjim] ]dYh]jeal] Y]paklf[aY \] []jl]rYk >geg; Kgj e]ag \g [}d[mdg
\] e\aYk( g im] \ak[mlaj]a Yk]_maj+
(FDF

:=:=I

;9>W GF<= J=I J=?LIF

M][gj\] im] naegk fY \ak[mkkg kgZj] g H]\ag[jaklg fg >Yhlmdg0 im]

f]f`meY gZk]jnYg akgdY\Yl]j} aehY[lg kgZj] g lglYG @kkYhjghja]\Y*

\] k]j} [Y\Y n]r eYak ka_fa^a[YlanY| e]\a\Y im] YhghmdYg Yme]flY+ <k
e\aYk ajg k] lgjfYj [Y\Y n]r eYak ]kl}n]ak( Yl g hgflg ]e im] lg\Yk Yk
YegkljY_]fk k]jg hYj][a\Yk ]flj] ka+
@mlge]a emalgk [ghgk \] [Y^ fY na\Y %e]m n[ag hjaf[ahYd&+Imf*
[Y na meY p[YjY \] [Y^ hmdYj 3- []fle]ljgk
\] eaf`Y ]k[janYfaf`Y(
lYehgm[g g [Y^ k] \]jjYegm ]khgflYf]Ye]fl]
f]kl] eYfmk[jalg k]e
afl]jn]f]k
%f]e e]keg fY MkkaY&+
IY n]j\Y\]( k]jaY f][]kk}jag eYak
\g im] me n[ag eg\]jY\g
]e [Y^ hYjY l]kl]emf`Yj
lYd]n]flg8 k]jaYe
f][]kk}jaYk Yk\mjY]k \] eYak na\Yk \g im] lYdn]r k]bY[gf[]Zn]d*
Yk
hjgZYZada\Y\]k kg lg h]im]fYk( meY ]e lYflgk r]jgk( im] k]jaY aehgk*
kn]d]k[j]n*Dg ]e e]m l]ehg danj]+
>gflm\g( Y j]Yda\Y\] ^ka[YlgjfY hgkkn]d im] eaf`Y p[YjY \] [Y^
hmd] * emalg aehjgn}n]d( eYk hgkkn]G KYjl[mdYkkYdlYe g l]ehg
lg\g+ >geg im] Y p[YjY \] [Y^( ]dYhjhjaY [gehgklY \] hYjl[mdYk
kYdlalYfl]k(fg ^Yrg e]keg;
J eglang ( kaehd]ke]fl](
im] hYjY im] Y
p[YjYhmdYkk]k]jaYf][]kk}jag im] lg\Yk YkhYjl[mdYkhmdYkk]e fY SKYSG
\aj]g( ] im] g ^ar]kk]e kaemdlYf]Ye]fl] \an]jkYk n]r]k k]_ma\Yk %[ge
me egnae]flg
[geh]fkYljag
\Y e]kY fY \aj]g ghgklY&+Og\gk gk
n}jagk ljad`]k \] hYjl[mdYk]e eaf`Y p[YjY \] [Y^ fg ng kYdlYjfY
e]keY \aj]g8 akkg fg Y[gfl][]j} \mjYfl] Yna\Y \g mfan]jkg+ @flg
hgkkg [gdg[Yj [ge k]_mjYfY Yp[YjY\] [Y^ fY Zgj\Y \Y ]k[janYfaf`Y ]
e] hj]g[mhYj [ge ^gfl]k eYak kjaYk\] af[]jl]rY+
< k]_mjYfY \Y p[YjY\] [Y^ admkljY[geg YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] _YmkkaYfY

\ge}n]d h]dg [}d[mdg \] e\aYk+ N] Yp[YjY^gkk] meY hYjl[mdY_jYf\](

gm Y_akk][geg lYd(]flg k]mkkYdlgkk]jaYe me hjgZd]eY+ HYk Yp[YjY
YkgeY \] ljad`]k \] hYjl[mdYkemalg h]im]fYk+
Jh]jY\gj]k
\] [Ykkafg [gehj]]f\]e
Z]e ]kk] ^Ylg( im] g eglang
h]dg imYdfmf[Y %k]^ar]j]e Yk[gakYk\aj]alg& h]j\]e
\af`]ajg+ @d]kkae*
hd]ke]fl] fg \]apYe im] me bg_Y\gj ^YYmeY YhgklY_a_Yfl]k[Y( hj]*
^]jaf\g( ]e n]r \akkg( im] emalgk bg_Y\gj]k ^YYe kja]k \] YhgklYk\]
lYeYf`g daealY\g+ Jk bg_Y\gj]k hg\]e
YhgklYj me lglYd \] /- ead`]k
\] \dYj]k( eYk fg `} eglang hYjYk] hj]g[mhYj [ge YkY\] \g [Ykkafg7
YkYhgklYkkg( ]e e\aY( \] /- \dYj]k8 g [Ykkafg daealY YkYhgklYk\]
^gjeY im] g nYdgj e}paeg h]jealY im] k]mk\gfgk \mjeYe | fgal]+ <k*
kae( YknYjaY]kfgk dm[jgk k]jg ja\a[mdYe]fl] h]im]fYk( k]bYimYd^gj g
ngdme] lglYd\] YhgklYk+Qg[ fg n]j} faf_me \]apYf\g g [Ykkafg [ge
, Zad`g \] \dYj]k * ]fimYflg g mfan]jkg ]paklaj+

g im]

naegk Yima meY Yhda[Yg\Y d]akmhj]eY \g H]\ag[jaklg7

imYf\g k] l]e emalgk YhgklY\gj]k( f]f`me bg_Y\gj akgdY\g]p]j[]j}
me aehY[lg eYak im] \aeafmlg kgZj] g lglYd+
< [gfk]if[aY \akkg$ im] nYjaY]k]e lgjfg \Y e\aY \Y [mjnYfY
^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY(
lYeZe [`YeY\Yk \] !]jjgk!( fg kg n]j\Y*
\]ajYe]fl] hj]g[mhYfl]k+ @dYk
kg h]im]fYk ] h]j\]e Y^gjY+Ng^dmlmY*
]k \ge]kla[Y\Yk ]e lgjfg \Y e\aY+
?B@NK: 25 <HFH

: E>B=HL @K:G=>L

GtF>KHL

?NG<BHG:

Ga FXW\aVd\efya( | _XW\WT cgX a fT_T`[a

WT T_aefdTZX_ Tg_X`fT( T _{W\T aUeXdhTWTTbdXeX`fT)
eX Va_ VTWT hXl _X`ae W\ebXdeyam Va_a eX baWX hXd(T W\efd\Ug\zyaY\VTVTWT hXl _T\e XefdX\fT*Beea(
dXeg_\WT_X`fX( { Va_a fgWa Yg`V\a`T `T fXad\T WT XefTf}ef\VT $ag WXhXd\TYg`V\a`Td%*Ga FXW\aVd\efya(
T \`VXdfXlT WXeTbTdXVXeaU T _{W\T* Beea\^gefdTT UT`T^ ^X\WaeZdT`WXe `_Xdae *

N] Yd_me\aYng[ l]n] YmdYk

%[`YlYk&
\] ]klYlkla[Y
fY ^Y[md\Y\](fg ]f*
l]f\aY emalg g im] ]ehgd_YnY lYflg g hjg^]kkgj ] h]j_mflYnY*k]g im]
!\]knag*hY\jg! ka_fa^a[YnY(
fg `} fY\Y [ge im] k] hj]g[mhYj+< fgg
\g \]knag hY\jg afka_fa^a[Yfl]^gjY\g H]\ag[jaklg+ >dYjYe]fl]( l]jaY
ka\g eYak Z]f^a[g( ] [ge []jl]rY eYak \an]jla\g( l]j ^]alg YmdYk
kgZj] Y
f]mjgZagdg_aY\Y ]klla[Ygm\] \YfY Y^ja[YfYhk*[gdgfaYd(g im] ^}[ad
\] k]j naklg]ehaja[Ye]fl]+
?]knagk hY\j]k fg ]pakl]e ^gjY\Y [mjnY_YmkkaYfY(
gm(k] ]pakl]e(
fg le aehgjl~f[aY ] lYehgm[g ]phda[Ye emalY [gakY+HYk Yaf\Y ^a[Y
hagj+< ^YedaY
_YmkkaYfY
%im]af[dma\an]jkgk Yea_gk ] hYj]fl]k( [geg

Y*G]a\] Kgakkgf& Yfa[Y [dYkk]\] \akljaZma]kim]( hYjYk]j \]k[jalY(

ZYklYYh]fYkg \]knag hY\jg %]Ye\aY&+Ig k] hj][akY\] eYak fY\Y+<
[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg kYlak^Yr
g j]\m[agfakeg \gk adm\a\gk+
@pakl]e gmljYka\aYkim] hgkkm]e hgm[Ygm f]f`meY aehgjl~f[aY
^gjY \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY7
IUXXKRGedU
]( hagj Yaf\Y( XK'
MXKYYdU(
HYk]dYk]klg hjg^mf\Ye]fl] af[jmklY\Yk]e fgkkgk elg\gk8
\a^[adl]j meY [gfn]jkY \] f]_[agk k]e gmnajYhYdYnjY
IUXXKRGedU(
KYjYn]j g imYflg Y[gjj]dYg hg\] k]j afka_fa^a[Yfl]^gjY\g H]\ag*
[jaklg( ]k[gd`Y meY kja] `aklja[Y ]fngdn]f\g \mYknYja}n]akim] kg
hYl]fl]e]fl]
\g @plj]eaklg( [geg gk e]j[Y\gk \] llmdgk] \] Y]k(
gmhj]gk \] \gak llmdgk(gm\mYknYja}n]ak[geg( hgj ]p]ehdg( em\Yf*
YkfYkn]f\Yk \] danjgkaf^Yflakfgk @klY\gkPfa\gk ] Yhjg\mg \] ^]j*
ladarYfl]kfY >`afY8 gmhj]gk \] aen]ak fY [a\Y\] \] IgnY Tgjc ] gk dm*
[jgk \g e]j[Y\g \] Y]k\Y Hgf_daY+H]Y Y[gjj]dYg ]flj] gk hYj]k
\] nYja}n]ak]e kmZh]jg\gk \a^]j]fl]k( [geg( hgj ]p]ehdg( hYjY.661(
.662( .663 ]l]+ < e]\ag \Y [gjj]dYg hjgnYn]de]fl] ]paZaj}meY afk*
lYZada\Y\]_jYn]8\]h]f\]j} \g h]jg\g hYjYYimYd^ga[gehmlY\Y+<af\Y
Ykkae(Ykh]kkgYk^YdYekgZj] [gjj]dYg [geg k] ^gkk]Yd_gj]Yd(lgjfYf*
\g*Y lYf_n]d(afn]klaf\g*Y [ge meY hjghja]\Y\] ^ka[Y(
j]a^a[Yf\g*Y+
< e]keY admkg\] [gf[j]lm\] Y^]lYg im] [`YeYegk \] \]knag*hY*
\jg+ @k[gd`YimYdim]jkja] \] hj]gk gm\] nYdgj]k`aklja[gk+?ana\Y*Y
]e kmZk]_e]flgk ] e]Y k]m \]knag*hY\jg+ Nmjhj]kg; >Y\Y YegkljY*
_]e Yhj]k]flYj} me \]knag*hY\jg \a^]j]fl]+ @flg( hgj im] Ykh]kkgYk
^YdYekgZj] \]knag*hY\jg; QYa]fl]f\]j+
M]hYj] Yimaim]( [geg [ge Y^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY(imYf\g k] gd`YhYjY
\Y\gk hYkkY\gk] [Yd[mdY*k]
meY fa[Y [gjj]dYg gm me fa[g \]knag*
hY\jg( lYdafklYZada\Y\]fg h]j[]Za\Y+

N] ng[ mkYg l]jeg KYZGZOYZOIGSKTZK

YOMTOLOIGTZK&
[ma\Y\g [ge Ykadmk]k
\] []jl]rY+ q Z]e hjgn}n]d im] Yd_mel]f`Y gd`Y\g hYjYgk hjhjagk ]j*
jgk \] gZk]jnYg] l]f`Y hj]kmea\g im] ^gkk]e _YmkkaYfgk(
g im] f][]k*
kalY\] me [gfl]plg _YmkkaYfg(
gmk]bY(g H]\ag[jaklg( hYjYk]j Y[]al}n]d+
KYjYegkljYj g imYflg g hjgZd]eY \g mkg]jjf]g \Y _YmkkaYfY
]f\*
ea[g( ] g imYflg hg\] k]j h]ja_gkg( [gfka\]j] me danjg%[`Ylg&
[`YeY\g
2GZbYZXULK&
\g bmarMa[`Yj\ Kgkf]j( me ]k[jalgj hjgd^a[g+
Kgkf]j j][dYeY

\Y af[gehj]]fkg
\Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] hgj hYjl] \gk k]jna\gj]k hZda[gk ] j]*
[ge]f\Y(
]flj] gmljYk [gakYk(im] gk [jaY\gj]k \] hgdla[Yk_gn]jfYe]f*
lYakYhj]f\Ye ]klYlkla[Y+++
[ge ][gfgeaklYk+ J bmarKgkf]j hYj][] ]klYj
l]flYf\g ^ge]flYj [Yl}kljg^]k+>gflm\( Yh]kYj\] k]j meY \Yim]dYkh]k*
kgYkim] \]n]jaY hYkkYjeYak l]ehg d]f\g ] e]fgk ]k[j]n]f\g(
]d] hg\]
k]j me h]fkY\gj h]j[]hlang( hjg^mf\g ] gja_afYd8[geg emalYk h]kkgYk(
]d] kaehd]ke]fl]
fg l]e [gfk[af[aY \Y \aklafg ]flj] H]\ag[jaklg ]
@plj]eaklg ] Y[j]\alY im] Y]klYlkla[Y meY ![af[aY!( fmf[Y meY ^jYm*
\]+ N] ng[ lghYj [ge ]d]( hgj ^Yngj af^gje]*g \]kkYk [gakYk+

e\aY( hYjY ]d]( ]jY g !fgjeYd!+ N]jaYeYjYnad`gkg k]j [YhYr \] a_fgjYj Y

[gfljaZmag \g af[geme(
\g !fg*fgjeYd!(
\g >akf] I]_jg( Yg lglYd+
HYk \]ap]egk ]kk] kgf`g hYjY YmlghaY+
@KIGTJU&
`YnaYme _jYn] ]jjg ]ehja[g Ykkg[aY\g | a\aY \] Lml]d]l+
@d]naY[mjnYk fY ^gjeY \] kafg ]e lg\gk gk dm_Yj]k+@^ga []_Y\g h]dYk
[mjnYk fY ^gjeY \] kafg * Yhj]f\a( j]halg( im] meY n]r im] k] [gdg[Y
meY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg fY [YZ]Y \a^[adlaj}*DY\] d}+HYak lYj\](
AjYfc T ka\jg @\_]ogjl` [`YeYjaY g ]jjg _jYn] \] k] n]j [mjnYk fY ^gjeY
\] kafg ]e lg\gk gk dm_Yj]k\] Lml]d]kemk+

< egfkljmgka\Y\]
[`YeY\Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
fg gZjY
\] BYmkk+<h]kYj \] l]j ljYZYd`Y\g f]dY( BYmkk]jY me eYl]e}la[g
da*
\Yf\g [ge me hgflg l]ja[g( ] fg ^Yr]f\g Yd]_Y]kkgZj] Y]kljmlmjY
\Y j]Yda\Y\] [geg [a]flaklYk [ge e]flYda\Y\] ]klYlkla[Y+B+ C+ CYj\q
]k[j]n]m ]e !< <hgdg_aY \] me HYl]e}la[g!7

Lml]d]l ^gjf][]m me hjg\mlg emalg j]imakalY\g h]dgk Yh]lal]k a\]gd_a*

[gk \] k]m l]ehg+ >geg nan]m ]flj] .463 ] .541( [gfka\]j] g _jmhg ^gj*
eY\g hgj k]mk[gfl]ehgj~f]gk7
NYafl*Naegf %.43-*.5/2&( Ka]jj]*Egk]h`
Kjgm\`gf %.5-6*.532& ] FYjd HYjp %.5.5*.550& * [Y\Y me ^gfl] \]
meY n]jkg \a^]j]fl] \] kg[aYdakeg+I]kk] ege]flg
hk*Ddmeafakeg( lg*
\gk YfkaYnYe h]dYG[XKGSKJOUIXOZGY&
Ye\aY \gmjY\Y7 ]e jaim]rY( YdlmjY(
h]kg ] \Y ]e \aYfl]+ OYd~fkaY[gfle me hgm[g \] h]fkYe]flg
hgkalang
[geZafY\g [ge meY _jYf\] \gk] \] `YjegfaY ] +++
hdYlgfakeg+
N]ehj] e] d]eZjg \g [gfk]d`g \] e]m hYa( OTSKJOUYZGZ\OXZ[Y&
!Y
najlm\] ]kl} fY eg\]jYg!+ =]e( \mjYfl] emalg l]ehg akkg]jY g a\]Yd8
Ye]\ag[ja\Y\](
f]kk] k]fla\g( [`]_YnY Yk]j [gfka\]jY\Y \] gmjg+ < e]*
\ag[ja\Y\] im] ]fngdn] lm\g+
HYk Lml]d]l d]ngmYa\aYhYjYgmljg fn]d+M]mfaf\g ]klYlkla[Yk(
[ge]*
gmY[jaYj hY\j]k \] !e\aYk!+ OYeYf`g \g ljYp( YdlmjY(
g h]kg \] Z]Zk
fY `gjY \g fYk[ae]flg( hgm[Yk[gakYk]k[YhYnYe \] k]mkVGJXkKY(
@d]\]k[g*
Zjamim] \]knagk \Y fgjeY k] lgjfYnYe ]phgf]f[aYde]fl]
eYak jYjgk | e]*
\a\Y im] YeY_falm\] \g \]knag Yme]flYnY+<kkae( l]f\g [gf[]Za\g Ya\aY
\Yk [YjY[l]jkla[Yk^ka[Yk\g R"NUSSKSU_KT&Hgfka]mj Lml]d]l ngdlgm*k]
hYjYim]kl]k kg[aYak+
:"NUSSK SU_KTlaf`Y `}Zalgk( [gfkmeg ] elg\gk+
Kgj e]ag \g [gfkljmlg \g R"NUSSK SU_KT VN_YOW[K
] R"NUSSK SU_KT
SUXGR&
g `ge]e
^ka[Y] egjYde]fl]
e\ag( Lml]d]l [jagm me ]kh][ljg
\] \]knagk \Y e\aY im] [gdg[Y lg\Yk Ykh]kkgYk gm | ]kim]j\Y gm | \a*
j]alY \g []fljg ]( n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl](
hmf] Yim]d]k im] g[mhYe Yk]plj]*
ea\Y\]k \aj]alY gm ]kim]j\Y \Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg ]klYlkla[Y+@kkYk
h]kkgYk lgjfYe*k] GTUXSGOY(
y Znag [geg akkgafkhajgm HYjp( im] [alY

< eYl]e}la[Y !j]Yd! \gk eYl]e}la[gk

!j]Yak!( Y eYl]e}la[Y \]
A]jeYl( @md]j(BYmkk(<Z]d ] Ma]eYff( imYk] afl]ajYe]fl]
!af*
lad! %]akkglYeZe n(]j\Y\] lYflg hYjY YeYl]e}la[Y !Yhda[Y\Y!
imYflg hYjY Y!hmjY!&+
>geg e]f[agf]a(
Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg ^gakgZj]lm\g Y[jaYg \]
me bg_Y\gj( <ZjY`Ye \] Hganj] %.334*.421&( me j]^m_aY\g [YdnafaklY
^jYf[k im] hYkkgmZgY hYjl] \Y na\Y ]e Ggf\j]k( Yh]kYj \] ^YdYjaf_dk
[ge me kglYim] emalg [Yjj]_Y\g+ HYk Lml]d]l( ] fg BYmkk(im]e
\]khgflY [geg me \gk kmb]algkeYak \]kljmlangk fY `akljaY \g h]fkY*
e]flg( [geg n]j]egk Yk]_maj+
<\gdh`] Lml]d]l %.463*.541& $\]k]fngdn]m Y a\aY \] me `meYfg
^aka[Ye]fl] e\ag( R"NUSSK SU_KT( Ig `YnaYfY\Y \] SU_KT ]e Lm*
l]d]l( !`ge]e
\] _jYf\]k hYap]k [jaYlanYk(me `ge]e
[jaYlang [`]ag \]
]f]j_aY!+ @k[j]naYhg]kaY ] Yl [g*]k[j]n]m meY h]jY+ J hjgZd]eY Z}ka*
[g \] Lml]d]l ]jY k]j eYl]e}la[g( ] fg [a]flaklY ]ehja[g * eYk k]e
kYZ]j+@d]]f[gfljgm `YjegfaY fY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg+
J hjgZd]eY ]pakl] ]e \gak fn]ak+ >XOSU&
Lml]d]l laf`Y meY a\aY
fgjeYlanY( ^Yr]j g emf\g ]f[YapYj ]e kmYe\aY( fg k]fla\g \] im] Y

Lml]d]l ]e j]dYg Yg [gf[]alg \] me `ge]e

e\ag fgjeYd7 !?]knagk
kg[aYak]e l]jegk \Y \akljaZmag \] j]f\Y( hgj ]p]ehdg( \]n]e k]j ea*
faearY\gk!( ]k[j]n]m ]e 3GY 9GVOZGR(
q f][]kk}jag \Yj Yd_me [j\alg Yg ]klYZdak`e]fl [a]fl^a[g \Y hg[Y
\] Lml]d]l+ Jk Yj_me]flgk \]d] fg ^gjYe Y[]algk ae]\aYlYe]fl]+
J
^adkg^g,eYl]e}la[g,][gfgeaklY
<m_mklaf >gmjfgl( hYjY [ge]Yj( fg
Y[j]\algm im] ^gkk] hgkkn]d ]klYZ]d][]j me `meYfg*hY\jg
[ge ZYk]k
hmjYe]fl] imYflalYlanYk+OYdhY\jg k]jaY \]h]f\]fl]
\g YljaZmlg kgZ
[gfka\]jYg+ PeY e]\ag ^]alY ]e meY hjgnf[aY hg\] k]j \a^]j]f*
l] ]e gmljY+LmYd\]dYk \]n]jaY k]j g hY\jg; :"NUSSK SU_KT k]jaY me
egfkljg( \akk] >gmjfgl+ @phda[Yj]a]kk] hgflg Yk]_maj+
Kj]kmeaf\g
im] `YbYYd_g \]k]b}n]d ]e k]j me `ge]e
e\ag( ]d]
hj][akY l]j meY ]kh][aYda\Y\] fg ]kh][a^a[Y\Y fY imYdk]jaY eYak \glY\g
\g im] YkgmljYkh]kkgYk* fg hg\] k]j e\ag ]e lm\g+ Pe haYfaklYk]*
jaY(fY e\aY( e]d`gj ]e lg[Yj haYfg( eYk k]jaYhagj \g im] YfgjeY ]e(
\a_Yegk( [YnYd_Yj+
Pe ]k[j]n]fl] l]jaY `YZada\Y\]k e]d`gj]k \] ]k[jalm*
jYg ] \Y ]e \aYfl]+ 0 OJfOGJK [S NUSKS JOZUSfJOU f JOLKXKTZK
JG JK
[S NUSKS W[KKYZbTG SfJOG KS Z[JU W[KLG`(IY n]j\Y\]( me `meYfg
]pYlYe]fl] e\ag hj][akYjaY k]j e]lY\] eYk[mdafg ] e]lY\] ^]eafafg+
Lml]d]l a_fgjgm [gehd]lYe]fl]
]kk] hgflg+

Pe Ykh][lg emalg eYak hj]g[mhYfl] \Y \ak[mkkg im]( fY hg[Y \] Lm*

l]d]l( g fge] \Y \akljaZmag _YmkkaYfY
]jY 8G8UO
JKYKXXK[XY&
Yd]a\gk ]jjgk(
b} im] meY \] kmYkhjae]ajYk Yhda[Y]k^gaY\akljaZmag \] ]jjgk ]e e]*
\a]k Ykljgfea[Yk+Qg[ ]kl} lg hj]g[mhY\g imYflg ]m; ?an]j_f[aY \Y
e\aY %Yima(
lYeZe \g e]\aYfg& ]jY ljYlY\Yhj][akYe]fl] [geg me ]jjg
Ig \] k] kmjhj]]f\]j im] HYjp l]f`Y YZjYY\gYka\aYk\] Lml]d]l+
J [gf[]alg \][gdgm emalg j}ha\g+ J JK\KXOG
YKX^ga [gf^mf\a\g [ge
g f&] [ge YhjgnYg \Y [af[aY+$< fgg \g `ge]e
e\ag [Yd[Y\Y
fY [mdlmjYim] Ykkaklam
Yg fYk[ae]flg \Y [dYkk]e\aY ]mjghaY( Y[mdlm*
jY fYk[]fl] hk*fYhgd]fa[Y \gk \gfgk \] dgbYk(j]dmlYfl]k ]e j]dYg |
jaim]rY ]p[]kkanY ] Yg Zjad`Yflakeg afl]d][lmYd+IY n]j\Y\]( g kgf`g \]
meY kg[a]\Y\] [ge j]kmdlY\gk [gehjaea\gk
kmhgklYe]fl] [gjj]khgf\]
|k YkhajY]k\] me k]j `meYfg jY[agfYd \aYfl] \] meY dgl]jaY _]fla[Y+
N] ng[ lan]kk] im] ]k[gd`]j meY kg[a]\Y\] hYjYfYk[]j fY hjpaeY na\Y(
eYk fg hm\]kk] kYZ]j imYdj]kmdlY\g g ]klYjaYY_mYj\Yf\g( hj]kme]*k]

is]( hjgnYn]de]fl](
fg [gjj]j+aY jak[gk * ng[ hj]^]jajaY h]jl]f[]j
Y
eY kg[a]\Y\] k]e j]kmdlY\gk \Dn]j_]fl]k+
m Pe ]^]alg \an]jla\g \Y _dgja^a[Yg\Y e]\ag[ja\Y\]
^ga Y [jaYg \]
me Yjla\g hgdla[g fY AjYfY [`YeY\g KgmbY\ake( [gehgklg afa[aYd*
b
* @
$* Yd
\
e]fl] hgj me egnae]flg
\] e]j[]YfYk+
jY msY j]meYg [ +gj;kY gk
k]ea^Yngj][a\gk fY ]kh]jYfY \] n]j g j]klg \g men]jkg [gehfeDj*k]
Yg
fn]d \]d]k*
me [Ykg \] j]ngdmg fg*hjgd]l}jaY+ @d]laf`Y meY e]f*
lYda\Y\] \] \gfg \] e]j[]YjaY( af[dmaf\g Yl g ]ehj]_g \Yk ^]jjYe]flYk
eYl]e}la[Yk+ N]j} im] BYmkk^gjf][]m YeYl]e}la[Y Ygk\gfgk \] dgbYk;
1F@E;9IW ILDF

$' J9CM9D=EKF

J hjhjag Kgaf[Yj kmkh]alYnYZYklYfl] \Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _Yms*

kaYfY+>j]ag im] l]f`Y k]fla\g \]k[gf^gjlg
imYf\g ]dY] YZgj\Y_]fk ND*
eadYj]k im] nakYnYe eg\]dYj Yaf[]jl]rY ^gjYe*d`] Yhj]k]flY\Yk+ <h]fYk
[gfka\]j] im] Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY(
afa[aYde]fl]( ]jY af\a*
[Y\Y hYjYYe]\ag \] ]jjgk Ykljgfea[gk( ] im] Yka\aYk\] Kgaf[Yj \]
eg\]dYj Ye][~fa[Y []d]klaYd]jYe [Yjj]_Y\Yk \] me k]fkg \] af[]jl]rY
eYak hjg^mf\Y+
Kgaf[Yj ]k[j]n]m im] me Yea_g( me !^ka[g ]eaf]fl]!
fg a\]fla*
^a[Y\g( j][dYegm [ge ]d] im] gk ^ka[gkl]f\aYe YmkYjY[mjnY _YmkkaY*
fY hgjim] h]fkYnYe im] gk eYl]e}la[gk Y[j]\alYnYe im] ]dY]jY meY
f][]kka\Y\] eYl]e}la[Y * ] im] gk eYl]e}la[gk
Y mladarYnYehgjim]
Y[j]\alYnYe im] gk ^ka[gkY[gfka\]jYnYe me ^Ylg]ehja[g+
*C@D@E9E<F
@E>CLXE;@9J
@EALJK9J
?]ap]*e] Y^ajeYj Yimaim]( ]p[]lg h]dY e]flYda\Y\] \] e]j[]YjaY( Y[j]*
\alg n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl]
fg nYdgj \g e]\aYfg ] \Y e]\ag[ja\Y\]
* im]
`meYfaklY fg \]k]bY eafaearYj Y\ak[j]h~f[aY ]flj] gk `meYfgk; IY\Y
eYak j]hm_fYfl] \g im] g a\]Yd afk]fkn]d \g =HKXSKTYINH]m hjgZd]*
eY n]j\Y\]ajg ]hakl]egd_a[g+ < j]Yda\Y\] fg g H]\ag[jaklg( ]flg
hj][akYegk Yhj]f\]j Ynan]j [ge akkg+

< daklY\] h]kkgYk Yf\Yf\g hgj Y[ge Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg hj]kY fY
[YZ]Y(_jYYk| hmj]rY hdYlfa[Y( af[jan]de]fl]
dgf_Y+

NajAjYf[ak BYdlgf( hjaeg ]e hjae]ajg _jYm\] >`Yjd]k ?Yjoaf ] f]lg

\] @jYkemk ?Yjoaf( lYdn]r l]f`Y ka\g( bmflg [ge g hjaeg( me \gk dla*
egk [YnYd`]ajgk [a]flaklYk af\]h]f\]fl]k
* [Yl]_gjaY im] lYeZe af*
[dmYdgj\] >Yn]f\a"`( dgj\] F]dnaf( Gm\oa_ Rall_]fkl]af
%Ygk]mhjhjag
eg\g& ]( Yl []jlg hgflg( fgkkg mdljY^Ddkg^g
=]jljYf\ Mmkk]d.+
<h]kYj \]
Eg`f HYqfYj\ F]qf]k fg l]j ^]alg hYjl] \Y [Yl]_gjaY( k]m h]fkYe]flg
g ]halgearY+ BYdlgf nan]m fY ]jY nalgjaYfY( imYf\g `]j\]ajgk ] h]kkgYk
im] fg hj][akYnYe ljYZYd`Yj hYjY _Yf`Yj Y na\Y hg\aYe( ]flj] gmljYk
]k[gd`Yk( [YnYd_Yjgm [YYj(lgjfYj]e*k] h]fkY\gj]k( [a]flaklYk gm %hYjY
gk e]fgk \glY\gk& hgdla[gk+@pakl]e emalgk eglangk hYjY k] k]flaj kYm*
\Y\]k \]kkY ]jY7 YYml]fla[a\Y\] \] Yd_me ^Yr]f\g [af[aY h]dg Z]e \Y
[af[aY( k]e eglanY]k \] [Yjj]ajY \aj]lYk+
Df^]dare]fl]( ^Yr]j [af[aY hgj Yegj Yg [gf`][ae]flg
fg f][]kkY*
jaYe]fl] ka_fa^D[Yim] Y\aj]g [gjj]lY k]j} k]_ma\Y+<g ]f[gfljYj ] YZ*
kgjn]j Y\akljaZmag !fgjeYd!( BYdlgf YhYapgfgm*k]+NmhgklYe]fl]( ]d]
l]jaY ]p[dYeY\g im] [Ykg lan]kk]e [gf`][ae]flg
\]dY( gk _j]_gk Yl]jaYe
\]a^D[Y\g+N]m]flmkaYkeg hg\] l]j [gfljaZm\g hYjYYhj]nYdf[aY \g mkg
\Y [mjnY _YmkkaYfY+
BYdlgf ^ga YZ]fgY\g [ge Y Ymkf[aY \] ZY_Y_]e eYl]e}la[Y( eYk
laf`Y meY jYjYgZk]kkg hgj e]\a]k+ @d]fg [gf`][aY Yd]a\gk _jYf\]k
fe]jgk(
eYk j]\]k[gZjam*Y YhYjlaj \gk hjhjagk \Y\gk+ @d][gfkljmam
g imaf[mddS( meY e}imafY \] hafZYddim] egkljY g \]k]fngdnae]flg
\Y
[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg * kgZj] Y imYd^YdYj]egk eYak \Yima Y Yd_mfk
hYj}_jY^gk+q n]j\Y\] im] BYdlgf Yhda[gmY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg ]e
}j]Yk [geg _]fla[Y ] `]j]\alYja]\Y\](
gf\] k]m mkg ^gabmkla^D[Y\g+
HYk
k]m ]flmkaYkeg Ybm\gmYaehmdkagfYj gk elg\gk
]klYlkla[gk fYk[]fl]k
hYjY im]kl]k kg[aYak+

?ak[mlaj]a Yima Y ]pl]fkg \g ]kljY_g+ N] ng[ ]klan]j da\Yf\g [ge af^]*

jf[aYk imYdalYlanYk(
[geg ]e hka[gdg_aYgm e]\a[afY( ]e Zmk[Y\] j]k*
hgklYk kae,fg( |k imYakeY_falm\]k fg k] Yhda[Ye( ]flg hg\] hj]km*
eaj im] ]kl} fg H]\ag[jaklg k]e l]j hjgZd]eYk _jYn]k+ J aehY[lg \g
aehjgn}n]d fg hg\] k]j _jYf\] \]eYak+ Jm ng[ l]e [~f[]j gm fg( ]kl}
_j}na\Y gm fg KZIKZKXG(
BjYmk\] egjl] gm \] _jYna\]r fg kg j]d]nYf*
l]k %Yfg k]j im] ]kl]bY da\Yf\g [ge ]ha\]eaYk&+ HYk k] ]klan]j da\Yf\g

+
[ge

Y\gk gf\] eY_falm\]k aehgjlYe( [geg j]f\Y( jaim]rY( j]*

Y_j]_
(
$*
\] meY [Yjl]ajY \] Y]k gm n]f\Yk \] dDnjgk(]flYg ng[] l]jY me
lgjfgN
#,
(
]j} Y\akljaZmag ]jjY\Y k] mldDrYjY[mjnY _YmkkDYfY(
hJDN
hjg Zd]eY] gZl
!
(
g h]jl]f[]
Y]kk] dm_Yj+Pe me[g fme]jg hg\] [gehjge]l]j
lg*
] . Yf
W#
( , W,
G)
\Yk Yke\aYk8 meY fa[Y h]j\Y hg\] ]jjY d>Yjme k][m g ] m[jgk+ Yg
\] eYak \ar]j !Dkkg meY ]p[]g!+ < Y^DjeYg !=]e( ]m hgkkg
k] hg
#U *
\]j \af`]ajg! fg af^gjeY[agfYd( Ye]fgk im] k] hgkkYYlf ej meY
h]j
\$
d$ $\
imYfla\Y\] | h]j\Y+ Qg[ hg\] h]j\]j ss (g g ksmhYlfeseg
Die g gm
g\] h]j\]j meY ^jYg \] kmYj]f\Y \DYfY8]Sakl] meY \D^]j]fY+
h Dkkg]phda[Y hgj im] Yhka[gdg_aY]ehja[Y ] kmYkh]j[]h]k ]e j]dY*
g | fYlmj]rY `meYfY( im] Yhj]k]fl]a fYk hjae]ajYk hYjl]k \g danjg( kg
j]kakl]fl]k Yg ]jjg \] k] mladarYjY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg8 ]d]k lYeZe
le kgjl]( b}im] YeYagj hYjl] \] kmYknYja}n]akh]jeal]e
YYehdaYg \Y
]klYlkla[Y_YmkkaYfY
[gfn]f[agfYd+ LmYf\g e]\]e
imYflYk h]kkgYk ]e
meY YegkljY_]e Yhj]k]flYe me nak gm [ge]l]e
me ]jjg( gk ]klm\gk
]e _]jYd ]da[aYe me j]kmdlY\g \g lahg kae,fg+ I]f`meY
gZk]jnYg(
:

<

hgj kak( hg\] [gehjge]l]j

Yk\]k[gZ]jlYk _]jYak+
@e k]_ma\Y( ^Yj]a meY Yhj]k]flYg Y[OMKTKXOY
\Y a\aY \Y [mjnY fY
^gjeY \] kafg( hYjlaf\g \g hjaf[hag+
?7 0B:0<4708>9
8,

J9<7,

708>,6

64>0<X<49! =9-<0

, 9<4207

/,

.?<@,

/0 =489

>gfka\]j] meY e}imafY \] hafZYdd[geg YegkljY\Y fY Aa_mjY5+GYf[]

0/ ZgdYk(hj]kmeaf\g
im] Y e]kY ]kl]bY Z]e ZYdYf[]Y\Y( \] ^gjeY im]
YZgdYl]f`Y [`Yf[]k a_mYak\] [Yaj hYjY Y\aj]alY gm hYjY Y]kim]j\Y ]e
imYdim]j [gfbmflmjY Yg Ylaf_aj me hafg+ J j]kmdlY\g ]kh]jY\g \] im]
emalYk ZgdYk[Yajg fYk [gdmfYk []fljYak ] im] g fe]jg
\] ZgdYk\aea*
fmaj} fYk [gdmfYk eYak \aklYfl]k \g []fljg+
@e k]_ma\Y( [gfka\]j]
me MKJGTQKT&
me ]ph]jae]flg
e]flYd+ Pe
`ge]e
bg_YmeY eg]\Y hYjYg Ydlg]( \]hgak \] [Y\Y dYf[]( \} me hYkkg
hYjY Y]kim]j\Y gm me hYkkghYjY Y\aj]alY( \]h]f\]f\g
\] Yeg]\Y \Yj
[YjY gm [gjgY+ Dkkg [`YeY\g \] hYkk]ag Yd]Yljag(eYk fg f][]kkYjaY*
e]fl]
Yd_gim] l]e Y n]j [ge hYkk]Yj+Qg[ hg\]jaY \ar]j a\]fla[Y*
e]fl]
im]( ]e n]r \] \Yj me hYkkg hYjY Y ]kim]j\Y gm hYjY Y \aj]alY(
ng[ _Yf`YjaY gm h]j\]jaY . \dYj Y[Y\Y dYf[] ] eYfl]jaY me `aklja[g
\Y imYflaY [memdYlanYim] l]e

fg Zgdkg+

Kj]kmeY im] ]m Yje] hYjYng[ meY YhgklY%d]_Yd&

fY imYdYkhjgZYZada*
\Y\]k fg ]kl]bYe f]e Yk]m^Yngjf]e [gfljY ng[+ Eg_m]meY eg]\Y
hYjYg Ydlg+>YjY(ng[ _Yf`Y . \dYj( [gjgY( ng[ h]j\] . \dYj+
Ig hjae]ajg dYf](ng[ gm_Yf`Y gmh]j\]+
Ig k]_mf\g dYf[]( g fe]jg \] j]kmdlY\gkhgkkn]ak \gZjY\g+ >Ykg
me7 _Yf`Y(_Yf`Y+>Ykg\gak7_Yf`Y(h]j\]+ >Ykgljk7h]j\]( _Yf`Y+>Ykg
imYljg7h]j\]( h]j\]+ >Y\Y me \gk [YkgkhgkkmahjgZYZada\Y\]ka_mYak(
Y
[geZafYg \] meY naljaY] meY \]jjglY l]e meY af[a\f[aY \mYkn]r]k
eYagj hgjim] gk [Ykgk\gak ] ljk( _Yf`Yj*h]j\]j ] h]j\]j*_Yf`Yj( Y[Y*
ZYe k]f\g g e]keg j]kmdlY\g+@]kkY Y[`Yn] hYjYY[mjnY_YmkkaYfY+
<kkae( emalY [gakYfg e]ag Y[YZYk] h]j\]f\g * ] n]j]egk im] ]pakl]
emalY[gakYfg e]ag+ <kkae( k] ]klan]j bg_Yf\g Y. \dYj hgj dYf[](\]hgak
\] \gak dYf[]k ng[ l]e /2 hgj []flg \] [`Yf[] \] _Yf`Yj gm h]j\]j /
\dYj]k( eYk meY [`Yf[] \] 2- hgj []flg \] ^a[YjfY e]keY+
?B@NK:35 H JNBG<NGQ $LBFIEB?B<:=H%) NF: FoJNBG: => IBG;:^^

CaZgXUa^TecgX* X_ VTWTb\`a* Vc]T_ T^XTfad\T_X`fX bTdT T W\dX\fT
ag bTdTT XecgXdWT*
:V\_T Xefw
a VX`wd\a_T\e bdahwhX^*cgX { _g\fa bTdXV\WaVa_ T VgdhT`T Yad_T WXe\`a RfT_U{_ Va`[XV\WT
Va_a W\efd\Ug\zya
ZTgee\T`T%*.NQSDRH@
CD ,HDW@MCDQ
<@KDA'

AYYegkgmljYjg\Y\Y+ J l]j[]ajg dYf[] \gZjY fgnYe]fl] g fe]jg

\] [Ykgk(\] ^gjeY im] ]f[YjYegk galg j]kmdlY\gkhgkkn]ak+
J [Ykgme
%im]]jY _Yf`Y ] _Yf`Y fg k]_mf\g dYf[]&jYea^a[Y*k]]e _Yf`Y(_Yf`Y(
_Yf`Y ] _Yf`Y( _Yf`Y( h]j\]+ <\a[agfYegk me _Yf`g gm meY h]j\Y Yg
^afYd\] [Y\Y me \gk j]kmdlY\gkYfl]jagj]k+ H [Ykg\gak jYea^a[Y*k]]e

+
\] _Yf`Y] _Yf`Y(h]j\]( h]j\]+ H [Ykgljk jYea^a[Y*k]]e h]j*
_Yf`Y(h]j ( f`Y ] h]j\]( _Yf`Y( h]j\]+ J [Ykg imYljg jYed$^a
[Y*k]]e
\] _Yf` Y(_Y
(\ h]j\] _Yf`Y ] h]j\]( h]j\]( h]j\]+
h]j ]($
+
, $ M
l]egk galg [Ykgk(lg\gk D_mYde]fl]hjgnYn]dk+ ]hYj] im] ng[]
<_gjY
(
$, $
gnYe]fl] gk j]kmdlY\gke]\aYfgk( fgk imYdkmeY QDlgfY
j
f
hg \ ] Y_jmhY
(
X
$
\Y %Ig imaf[mfp \] BYdlgf(k lmYg]k]e im] YZgdY[Yd
[Yf[] DYmeYvh]j
(+$
X
+
+ ]j\Y ] \]hgak hYjYY\Dj]DlY(gmQD>]*n]jkY(
kYg\geeYfl]k( \]
hYjYY]kim
(,
+
4*
k] Y[YZY
[ge emalYkZgdYkfg e]dJ+&H j]kmdlY\gdDie\g( gm
dgjeY im]
[memdYlang( g k]_mafl]7 .& ZXKY\RZUTGY./& \mYkQDlgfYk(meY \]jjglY(
dima\g \] [SG \OZiXOG.0&\mYknaljaYs(msY \]jjglY( dima\g \] [SG
\OZiXOG.
1&meY naljaY(\mYk\]jjglYk( dDie\g \] [SG JKXXUZG.
2&\mYk
naljaYk(meY \]jjglY( dima\g\] [SG \OZiXOG.
3&\mYk\]jjglYk( meY nal*
jaY(dima\g\] [SG JKXXUZG.
4&\mYk\]jjglYk( meY naljaY(dima\g\] [SG
JKXXUZG.
]( ^afYde]fl]( 5&ZXgYJKXXUZGY(
?]flj] gk galg [Ykgk(g \] ljk naljaYkg[gjj] meY n]r+ J [Ykg\] ljk
\]jjglYk g[gjj] meY n]r+ J [Ykg\] meY \]jjglY dima\Y%meYnaljaY(
\mYk\]jjglYk& g[gjj] ljk n]r]k+ J [Ykg\] meY naljaYdima\Y%meY\]j*
jglY(\mYknaljaYk&
g[gjj] ljk n]r]k+
Eg_m]eYak meY jg\Y\Y( YimYjlY+CYn]j} .3 j]kmdlY\gka_mYde]fl]
hjgn}n]ak+Qg[ l]j} me [Ykg\] imYljg naljaYk(me [Ykg\] imYljg \]j*
jglYk(imYljg [Ykgk\] \mYknaljaYk(imYljg [Ykgk\] \mYk\]jjglYk ] k]ak
[Ykgk\] ]ehYl]+
H imaf[mfp %[mbg
fge] \]janY\g \g fe]jg [af[g ]e dYlae&fg
]p]ehdg \g hafZYddegkljY YimaflYjg\Y\Y( [ge 31 hgkkaZada\Y\]k(
g im]
^}[ad\] Y[gehYf`Yj+ @kk]]jY g [gf[]alg hgj lj}k \g imaf[mfp mkY\g
hgj AjYf[akBYdlgf+BYdlgf]jY Yge]keg l]ehg \]^a[a]fl]e]fl]
hj]_ma*
gkg ] me hgm[g afg[]fl] \]eYak ]e j]dYg v eYl]e}la[Y8 ]e n]r \]
[gfkljmaj Yafn]fg( ]d] hg\]jaY l]j ljYZYd`Y\g[ge }d_]ZjYeYak kae*
hd]kgmlYdn]rl]j j]YdarY\gme ]ph]jae]flg e]flYd [geg ]kk]+
>gflafm]egk Ybg_Yj+>gflafm] Yl l]j imYj]flY dYf[]k+Qg[ hg\]
j]Ydar}*Dgk
]e meY im]klg \] eafmlgk( eYk hj][akYj]egk \] meY [Yd[m*
dY\gjYhYjY[`]_Yj Ygfe]jg \] j]kmdlY\gk(im] ]pa_]e \]eYak \] fgkkg
elg\g kaehd]k \] h]fkYe]flg+ Qg[ l]j} []j[Y \] .+-66+2..+3/4+443
[geZafY]k hgkkn]ak* eYakim] ead Zad`]k+Ig k] \ YgljYZYd`g\]
^Yr]j g [}d[mdgeYfmYde]fl]( ]d] [gjj]khgf\] Y/ emdlahda[Y\g1- n]r]k
hgj kae]keg( b} im] [Y\Y jYea^a[Yg\gZjY Y[Y\Y [gfbmflmjY+%G]e*
Zj]*k] im] Y[j]k[]flYegk meY naljaY] meY \]jjglY Yg^afYd\Yk Ydl]jfY*
:

<

$,$

lanYk\Y l]j[]ajY jg\Y\Y hYjYk]_majegk hYjYYimYjlY([gfk]i]fl]e]fl]

\gZjYf\g g fe]jg \] Ydl]jfYlanYk+&
?]kkYk[geZafY]k( Yh]fYkmeY
k]j} 1- hYjY[aeY ] Yh]fYkmeY k]j} 1- hYjYZYapg+J j]klg ^dmlmYj}
]e
lgjfg \g e]ag( im] Yima r]jg+
E}hg\]egk n]j im] f]kk] lahg \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] gk ]plj]egk kg ]p*
[]kkanYe]fl] jYjgk+Pe ]e .+-66+2..+3/4+443 1- n]r]k hYjY[aeY ]e
1- dYf[]k+N] ng[ j]YdarYjg ]p]j[[ag \] 1- dYf[]k meY n]r hgj `gjY(
Yk[`Yf[]k \] k] gZl]j 1- j]kmdlY\gka_mYak
k]_ma\gk lg h]im]fY im]
k]jaYf][]kk}jag j]YdarYjme fe]jg ZYklYfl]_jYf\] \] 1- dYf[]k hYjY
im] akkgY[gfl]Y+Kj]kmeaf\g im] ng[ ^YYYd_meYkhYmkYk
hYjY[g*
e]j( \ak[mlaj [ge Yea_gk ] [gd]_Yk\] imYjlg( lgeYj meY []jn]bY ] \gj*
eaj( ng[ hg\] ]kh]jYj im] Y_mYj\Yj}g l]ehg ]imanYd]fl] Y[]j[Y \]
1 ead`]k \] na\Ykafl]ajYkhYjYgZl]j me j]kmdlY\g\] 1- [YjYk%gm1[gjgYk&meY fa[Y n]r+ @[gfka\]j] g k]_mafl]7hj]kmeY im] ng[ bg_m]
meY jg\Y\Y Y\a[agfYd(hYjYme lglYd\] 1.8 hYjYgZl]j 1. [YjYkk]_ma\Yk(
ng[ hj][akYjaY\] 5 ead`]k \] na\Yk Dj\] 1- hYjY1. j]\mr YkhjgZYZa*
da\Y\]k h]dYe]lY\]+ @kk] me YljaZmlg^mf\Ye]flYd \Y ]kljmlmjYfg*
]k[Yd}n]d\] Yf}dak]\] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]7\]knagk ]plj]egk \aeafm]e ]e
meY lYpY[j]k[]fl]+ Qg[ hg\] ]kh]jYj gZl]j 2- [YjYkk]_ma\YkmeY n]r
]e 1 Zad`]k\] na\Yk
<af\Y fg ]klYeg# lglYde]fl] ]e meY [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _Ymk*
kaYfY(eYk ]klYegk [`]_Yf\g h]ja_gkYe]fl] h]jlg+ DkkgYaf\Y hjglg*
_YmkkaYfg(
eYk hg\]*k] h]j[]Z]j Y]kkf[aY+%IYn]j\Y\]( ng[ fmf[Y ]f*
[gfljYj} meY _YmkkaYfY
]e ]klY\g hmjg( hgak]dY meY ^gjeY hdYlfa[Y
* hg\]*k] [`]_Yj h]jlg( eYk ]dYfg hg\] k]j Yd[YfY\Y+&
Ig ]flYflg(
[geg k] hg\] n]j fY Aa_mjY
6( g ^gjeYlg ^YeadaYj
\] kafg ]kl} [ge]Yf\g
Y]e]j_aj+
>geg [`]_Yegk Yaf\YeYakh]jlg \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaY*
fY h]j^]alY; M]^afYf\g g hjg[](kkg \] bg_YjYeg]\Y+ Kg\]egk bg_Yj1n]r]k Y. \dYj hgj dYf[] gm1 ead n]r]k Y.- []flYngk hgj dYf[] ] \]hgak
kgeYj gk j]kmdlY\gk+J jak[g ]kh]jY\g hjYla[Ye]fl] g e]keg fYk \mYk
kalmY]k* ] akkg me ljmim]+ < ]imanYdf[aYfgk \gak [gfbmflgk \]
bg_Y\Ykhgkkmame gZkl}[mdgfg aflmalang+Hmdlahda[Yegkg fe]jg \]
YhgklYkhgj []e( eYk \ana\aegk g lYeYf`g \Yk YhgklYkhgj \]r * fg
Zmkim]meY jYrg hYjYakkgY_gjY(Yh]fYkhj]kmeY im] ]dYkk]bYe t]ima*
nYd]fl]k!+J jak[g _]jYd ]imanYd]fl]( eYk Y_gjYYZjaegk YhgkkaZada\Y\]
\] n]f[]j gm h]j\]j imYljg[]flYk n]r]k k]_ma\Yk+
< hjgZYZada\Y\] \]

*
\] meY ]e me [ge ./- r]jgk \]hgak \]d]( gmk]bY(meY ]e .+---+
[]j[Y
---+ ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--+---+---+--- +--- +---+---+
---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
---+---+--- +---+---+---+---+
---+---+---+---+--?B@NK: 45 GtF>KH

\] n]r]k+

=> OBMrKB:L

>gflafm] [ge g hjg[]kkg hgj eYakYd_mel]ehg+ QYegk \] 1- dYf[]k

Y . \dYj [Y\Y hYjY1 ead dYf[]k hgj .- []flYngk ] \]hgak hYjY1-- ead
dYf[]k hgj . []flYng( [`]_Yf\g [Y\Y n]r eYak h]jlg \] meY [mjnYfY
^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY+
< Aa_mjY.- egkljY gk j]kmdlY\gk\akljaZm\gk
]flj] *1- ] 1-( gm k]bY(5- hgflgk+ < k]_mafl] ]d]nYjaYg fe]jg hYjY5
ead hgflgk+
Na_Yegk]e ^j]fl]+ Kg\]egk ^Yr]j1 ead dYf[]kYhgklYf\g me \[aeg
\] []flYng+ @im] lYd1-- ead n]r]k Yme eadkaeg \] []flYng; >geg
^gjeY hdYlfa[Y(
Y[mjnY_YmkkaYfY
hmjY hjaf[ahYde]fl] g im] Y[gfl][]
imYf\g l]egk meY af^afa\Y\] \] dYf[]k hgj jg\Y\Y( [ge [Y\Y YhgklY
k]f\g af^afal]kaeYde]fl] h]im]fY+ Ig k] \ YgljYZYd`g\] l]flYj nakmY*
darYjgk j]kmdlY\gk(f]e e]keg \] ]fl]f\*dgk+ Ig hg\]egk eYak^YdYj
kgZj] me lYeYf`g taf^afal]kaeYd! \] YhgklY%hgak
l]egk meY af^afa\Y\]
\]d]k ] ]klYegk fg im] gk eYl]e}la[gk [`YeYe \] ]kljmlmjY[gflfmY&+
< ZgYfgl[aY im] ]pakl] me kmZklalmlg+

?B@NK: ,+5 NF:

O>KLpH F:BL :;LMK:M:5

: <NKO:

=> IE:MpH

KYkkYegk \] meY YhgklYkaehd]k hYjY Yd_g[gehd]lYe]fl]

YZkljYlg+
KYkkYegk\Y gZk]jnYg hYjYg mfan]jkg \Y eYl]e}la[Y+ IY eYl]e}la[Y(
Yk[gakYkhgkkm]e []jlY hmj]rY+
<_gjY( Yd_g [gehd]lYe]fl]
YZkljYlg fg \]n] ]paklaj( hgjlYflg( VUX
LG\UX&TKS ZKTZKIUSVXKKTJKXG 5OM[XG*)( Naehd]ke]fl](
]kl]bY [gfk*
[a]fl] \] k]m mkg+K]fk] f]dY [geg me l]jee]ljg7
ng[ fg hj][akY
[gehj]]f\]j
g im] l]eh]jYlmjY YOMTOLOIG
hYjY im] hgkkY ^YdYjkgZj] ]dY+
Qg[ k hj][akY kYZ]j Y [gjj]khgf\f[aY
]flj] l]eh]jYlmjY ] [gf^gjlg
%gmYd_meYgmljY [gfka\]jYg ]ehja[Y&+ Lmafr] _jYmk[gjj]khgf\]e
Y me [daeY Y_jY\}n]d8 /0 YZYapg\] r]jg fg Yd_gim] k] ]kh]jY [ge
Yfka]\Y\]+ Qg[ fg f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
k] aehgjlY [ge Yn]dg[a\Y\] j]Yd
\Yk [gdak]k ]flj] hYjl[mdYkim] ]phda[Ye eYak l][fa[Ye]fl]
Yl]eh]jY*
lmjY+BjYmk kg( \] []jlg+ eg\g( me e]ag hYjY im] Ye]fl] ljY\mrY ]e
fe]jgk
Yd_me ^]fe]fg ]pl]jfg+ ?Y e]keY ^gjeY( Y[mjnY fY ^gjeY
\] kafg _YmkkaYfY gj_YfarY\Y \] ^gjeY im] 35(/ hgj []flg \Yk gZk]j*
nY]k [YaYe ]flj] *. ] ' . \]knag*hY\jg \] \akl~f[aY \Y e\aY+ M]halg7
f]e l]fl] [gehj]]f\]j
k] JKY\OU'VGJXdU
JKY\OUSfJOU ' fg ( ] me
fe]jg
_jYf\] %\]eYak&\] h]kkgYk im] mkYe Y]phj]kkg JKY\OU'VGJXdU
fg [gehj]]f\]
]kk] hgflg+ ?]knag*hY\jg Yh]fYk me fe]jg
im] k]
mkYhYjY ]k[YdYjYk[gakYk(meY im]klg \] kaehd]k [gjj]khgf\f[aY
YKUY

LKTjSKTUYLUXKSMG[YYOGTUY(

Jk \]knagk hY\j]k kg ^j]i]fl]e]fl]

Yh]da\Y\gk \] !ka_eY!+ <k
h]kkgYk lYeZe ^YdYekgsj] !nYja~s[aY! %Ys]keY [gakY7YnYja~f[aY g
imY\jY\g \g ka_eY( gm k]bY(\g \]kndJ*hY\jYg&+
+
M]hYj] fY kae]ljaY \Y [mjnY+JZl]egk
gk e]kegk j]kmdlY\gk e\]*
]f\]fl]e]fl]
\g ka_eY k]j hgkalang gm f]_Ylang+ <k [`Yf[]k \] k] [Yaj
b
W] k] ]p[] W]j 1 kd_eYk(
+
+(
YZYapg\] *1 ka_eYk kg Yke]keYk
g im] YiPD]
\] meY ]e 0/ ead n]r]k7
>geg g d]algj hg\] n]j( g hgflg hjaf[ahYd \Y [mjnY _YmkkaYfY
( [geg
n]f`g \ar]f\g( im] Y eYagjaY \Yk gZk]jnY]k ^dmlmY]e lgjfg \g e]*
\g[j]( \g e\ag( ]fimYflg Yk[`Yf[]k \] me \]knag \][dafYe [Y\Y n]r
eYak j}ha\g %]phgf]f[aYde]fl]& | e]\a\Y im] fgk Y^YklYegk\Y e\aY+
N] ng[ hj][akY _mYj\Yj meY fa[Y af^gjeYg( d]eZj]*k] Yh]fYk \]kkY
n]dg[a\Y\] \jYe}la[Y \] \aeafmag fYk hjgZYZada\Y\]k | e]\a\Y im] k]
Y^YklY
\Y e\aY+ =[ZROKXY
kg [Y\Y n]r e]fgk hjgn}n]ak+ @d]khg\]e
k]j
a_fgjY\gk [ge k]_mjYfY+
@klYhjghja]\Y\]
lYeZe _]jY Y d]a kmhj]eY \g H]\ag[jaklg7 \Y\Y
Y ]k[Ykk]r \] \]knagk Yehdgk( Y [gfljaZmag hYjY g lglYd l]f\]j}
hYjY
r]jg+
Ig ]p]ehdg( mladarYf\g YdlmjY(im] \]a fg [ge]g \g [Yhlmdg(mk]a
mfa\Y\]k \] \]knag \] .- []fle]ljgk(
egkljYf\g
[geg Yaf[a\f[aY \]*
[dafYnY| e]\a\Y im] YYdlmjYYme]flYnY+ @jYe \]knagk \] me ka_eY8 Y
lYZ]dY\] YdlmjYlYeZe ^gjf][] me ]p]ehdg \Y gh]jYg \] !]k[YdYj]e
j]dYg Yme ka_eY!( mkYf\g g ka_eY [geg mfa\Y\] \] e]\a\Y+

M]hYj] fYk hj]kkmhgka]k []fljYak im] ^ar]egk fg bg_g \] [YjY gm [gjgY

im] d]ngm | [mjnY hjglg_YmkkaYfYgm | Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eg\]jY\Y+
>XOSKOXG
VXKYY[VUYOedU
IKTZXGRJk dYf[]k kg af\]h]f\]fl]k
]flj] ka+
< eg]\Y fg l]e e]ejaY+ J ^Ylg \] l]j lajY\g [YjY gm [gjgY fg dYf[]
Yfl]jagj fg em\Y Yk[`Yf[]k \] k] lajYj [YjY gm [gjgY fg dYf[] k]_mafl]+
Qg[ fg k] lgjfY me bg_Y\gj \] eg]\Yk !e]d`gj!
[ge g l]ehg+ N] Y
e]ejaY gm `YZada\Y\]k ^gj]e afljg\mra\Yk fgk dYf[]k( lg\Y Y]kljmlmjY
_YmkkaYfY
k]j} YZYdY\Y+
G]eZj]*k] \Yk \ak[mkk]k fg >Yhlmdg.1 kgZj] da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd ]
nYflY_]e [memdYlanY+<k \mYk l]gjaYk Y^ajeYe im] n]f[]j `gb] ^Yr[ge
im] k]bYeYak hjgn}n]d im] k] n]fY fg ^mlmjg+KgjlYflg( YkhjgZYZada\Y*

\]k \]h]f\]e
\Y `akljaY(] Yhjae]ajY hj]kkmhgkagim] [gf\mr | [mjnY
fY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
^jY[YkkY
fY j]Yda\Y\]+Igk bg_gk(gZnaYe]fl](
naljaYkhYkkY\Yk
fg \]n]jaYe j]kmdlYj]e meY hjgZYZada\Y\]Yme]flY*
\Y \] _Yf`gk ^mlmjgk$* eYk akkgfg Y[gfl][] fY na\Y j]Yd(eglang h]dg
imYde] hj]g[mhg [ge g ]fkafYe]flg \] hjgZYZada\Y\]YljYnk\] bg_gk+
HYk(imYf\g n]f[]j [gf\mr YeYaknaljaYk( emalg eYakhjgn}n]d im] k]
n]bYe 1- naljaYkk]_ma\Yk\g im] [ge meY hjglg_YmkkaYfY+
@KM[TJGVXKYY[VUYOedU
IKTZXGRIg ]pakl]e kYdlgk!\]k[gfljgdY\gk!+
J lYeYf`g \] [Y\Y hYkkgfY ]kljmlmjYg\g hYkk]agYd]YljagZ}ka[g
k]ehj] [gf`][a\g( gmk]bY(me hYkkg+Ig ]pakl] af[]jl]rY ]e j]dYg
YglYeYf`g \g hYkkg+
Ig ]f[gfljYegk kalmY]k
fYkimYakYegnae]f*
lYgnYjagm\]k[gfljgdY\Ye]fl]+
G]eZj]*k] im] k] imYdim]jmeY \Yk \mYkhj]kkmhgka]kfg ^gj j]k*
h]alY\Y(gk egnae]flgk %gmdYf[]k \] eg]\Y& fg [gf\mrajg [memdY*
lanYe]fl] | [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg+?]h]f\]f\g
\g im] Y[gfl]Y( ]dYk
hg\]e d]nYj| Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eYf\]dZjglaYfY afl]fkY ] ]k[YdY*afnYjaYfl]+
!Q L:@H[@<9<=<9 ?9LJJ@9E9

Pe \gk hjgZd]eYk im] ]f[Yjg fY na\Y im] k]ehj] im] \a_g |k h]kkgYk
im] Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY a]kafg _YmkkaYfY
fg gfahj]k]fl] fY na\Y j]Yd(
eYk kge]fl] fYke]fl]k \gk ]klYlkla[gk(
]dYke] h]\]e im] !hjgn] akkg!
* g im] ^}[ad\] k]j ^]alg([geg n]j]egk fgk hjpaegk \gak [Yhlmdgk(
eYk faf_me [gfk]_mamhjgnYj g [gflj}jag+ N]ehj] im] km_ajgme hjg*
[]kkg im] fg k]bY_YmkkaYfg(
h]\]e*e]
im] bmkla^aim]
Ykm_]klg] im](
Yde \g ^]fe]fg( !Yhj]k]fl] Yl]gjaY kgZj] ]d]!+Qaegk fg >Yhlmdg.1
gk eg\]dgk \] ja[gk*^a[Ye*eYak*ja[gkim] ^gjYe hjghgklgk hYjYbmkla^a*
[Yj Yfg mladarYg\] meY _YmkkaYfY+
Jk eg\]dY\gj]k ^gjYe ^gjY\gk
Y_YklYjl]ehg ]k[j]n]f\g l]gjsYk kgZj] eg\]dgk hgkkn]akim] _]jYe g
]k[Yd}n]d* [geg k] hj][akYkk]e k]j Yhgdg_la[gk]e j]dYgYakkg+O]g*
jaY[gakYf]f`meY @ml]f`g me hjgZd]eY ]hakl]egd_a[g [ge akkg(
[ge Yf][]kka\Y\] \] k] bmkla^a[Yj
Yaf[YhY[a\Y\] \g emf\g \] k] hYj]*
[]j [ge me eg\]dg a\]YdarY\gim] Yd_me[]_g | j]Yda\Y\] [gfk]_mam
hjgegn]j+
Haf`Y l[fa[Y( ]e n]r \] ]klm\Yj gk eg\]dgk hgkkn]akim] _]j]e
meY Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] im] fg k] ]fimY\j] fY [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg( [g*
e]l]f\g
Ykkaegk e]kegk ]jjgk \Y l]gjarYg []_Y( ^Yr]j g [gflj}jag7

sgf`][]j Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg g eYakaflaeYe]fl] im] hm\]j ] a\]f*

la^a[Yjgf\] ]dYk] kmkl]flY] gf\] fg+ @mk]agf\] ^a[Yg H]\ag[jaklg+
KYjYeae( [ge ^j]if[aY %fY\Y\akkg( imYk]k]ehj]&( kg gk mkm}jagk
\Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg im] fg Y[gehj]]f\]e
Z]e ] hj][akYe bmk*
la^a[}*DY(
fg g [gflj}jag+
@kkY
mZaia\Y\] \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
fg meY hjg*
hja]\Y\] \g emf\g ] kae me hjgZd]eY ]e fgkkYke]fl]k( im] ZjglY \Y
eYf]ajY h]dYimYdg n]egk+
J hjpaeg [YhlmdgYZgj\Yj} YafnYja~f[aY]k[YdYj\Y fYlmj]rY ] Ykhjg*
hja]\Y\]k \g ^jY[lYd+
J [Yhlmdgk]_mafl] ]phdgjYj}g eYm mkg\Y _YmkkaY*
fY fY na\Ykg[ag][gfea[Y ] !Yf][]kka\Y\] \] k] hjg\mraj l]gjaYk!+
wkn]r]k( ^a[gme hgm[g ]eglang hgjim] hYkk]aZgYhYjl] \Y na\Y j]*
^d]laf\g kgZj] g hjgZd]eY+?]k\] im] [ge][]a Yh]fkYj kgZj] ]d] ] Yj]Y*
darYjmeY nYja]\Y\] \] ]ph]jae]flgk e]flYak [geg ^ar Yfl]jagje]fl](
fg [gfk]_ma ]f[gfljYj \] b]algf]f`me meY fa[Y h]kkgYYge]m j]\gj
fg emf\g \gk f]_[agk ] \Y ]klYlkla[Y
im] l]f`Y ka\g afl]d][lmYde]fl]
[gfkakl]fl] YgY[]alYjg >akf] I]_jg ] Yge]keg l]ehg j]b]alYj Y[mjnY
_YmkkaYfY
] Yk^]jjYe]flYk _YmkkaYfYk+
HmalYkh]kkgYkY[]alYjYe Ya\aY
\g >akf] I]_jg( eYk fg [gfk]_majYe d]n}*DY
Yl kmY[gf[dmkg d_a[Y
* im] fg k] hg\] mladarYjmeY fa[Y e]\a\Y [`YeY\Y \]knag*hY\jg
hYjYYYd]Ylgja]\Y\] %][`Ye}*DY\] !jak[g!&8fg k] hg\] ]kh]jYj meY
j]khgklY YOSVRKY
hYjY[YjY[l]jarYj Yaf[]jl]rY+ ?Yj ]kk] hYkkgYeYak j]*
im]j [gjY_]e( [gehjge]lae]flg(
[YhY[a\Y\] \] da_Yjgk hgflgk ] me
\]k]bg \] [gehj]]f\]j
hd]fYe]fl] YYd]Ylgja]\Y\]( Yde \] ka_fa^a[Yj
fg Y[]alYjYkYZ]\gjaY\] gmljYkh]kkgYk[geg \g_eYk+ <kkae( [ge][]a
Y]f[gfljYj ^ka[gkim] `YnaYe j]b]alY\g Yk^]jjYe]flYk _YmkkaYfYk(
eYk
>Je]l]jYe gmljg h][Y\g7 [j]\mda\Y\] ]e j]dYgYeg\]dgk hj]\alangk
hj][akgk(hjaf[ahYde]fl] ]dYZgjY]k]e lgjfg \Y da_Yghj]^]j]f[aYd \g
>Yhlmdg.1 * gmljY^gjeY \] hdYlgfakeg+Ig [gfk]_ma ]f[gfljYj faf*
_me [ge hjg^mf\a\Y\] ] l[fa[Y [a]fl^a[Yim] gd`Ykk]hYjYg emf\g
\Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ] [gehj]]f\]kk]
kmYfYlmj]rY(im] nakk][}d[mdgk[geg
me Ympadag
] fg [geg gZb]lang hjaf[ahYd+G]n]a imYk] meY \[Y\Y ]
e]aY hYjY]f[gfljYj lYdh]fkY\gj( g `ge]e
im] ljYfk^gjegm emalgk
[akf]k ]e [afr]flgk7 HYf\]dZjgl * g _jYf\] =]fgal HYf\]dZjgl+

, 0=>\>4.,

/,

: AHAKHNSDB@
CD 6@MCDKAQNS
& 1@KHKDT
DQ@[]_g;
,TSN&@EHMHC@CD
& <a_a

,60,>9<40/,/0

* 8]QNK@R
@NRONQBNR
&

a LTMCN ONCDRDQ
BNLOKHB@CN
CD L@MDHQ@
RHLOKDR

NT%S@KUDY%
RHLOKDR
CD TL@ L@MDHQ@
LTHSNBNLOKHB@C@

@jYmeY lYj\] e]dYf[da[Y imYf\g k]fla g [`]ajg \gk danjgkYfla_gkfY

ZaZdagl][Y\] =]fgal HYf\]dZjgl+ Dkkg^ga]e me \aY im]fl] ]e Y_gklg
\] /--2( ] g [Ydgj]pY[]jZYnYg g\gj Zgdgj]flg \Y [gdY\] danjgk^jYf[]*
k]kYfla_gk(\]kh]jlYf\g meY fgklYd_aY
gd^YlanY
hg\]jgkY+ IgjeYde]fl](
[gfka_g j]hjaeaj lYak]pgmjk]k fgkl}d_a[Yk(eYk fg imYf\g k] Yhjgpa*
eYe kgjjYl]ajYe]fl] \] eae se ^gjeY \] eka[Y gm [`]ajg+ J g\gj
\gk danjgk\] HYf\]dZjgl ]jY g \] dal]jYlmjY^jYf[]kY(\Y ZaZdagl][Y\]
e]mk hYak(\Yk`gjYk hYkkY\Yk
]e danjYjaYk
] ZaZdagl][Yk
\mjYfl] YY\gd]k*
[f[aY( imYf\g emalgk danjgkYge]m j]\gj ]jYe %af^]dare]fl]&]e ^jYf*
[k( imYf\g ]m h]fkYnYim] dal]jYlmjY]klYnYY[aeY \] lm\g+ %Ig lan]
[gflYlg [ge emalgk danjgk^jYf[]k]k \]hgak \Y Y\gd]k[f[aY+&Df\]h]f*
\]fl]e]fl]
\g imYflg ]m imak]kk]im] ^gkk]YZkljYlY(
Ydal]jYlmjY
hgkkmY
meY [gjhgja^a[Yg ^ka[Y(
laf`Y me [`]ajg( ] ]jY Yim]d][`]ajg+

< lYj\] lYeZe ]jY kgeZjaY hgjim] HYf\]dZjgl ]klYnY\] em\YfY(

bmklgimYf\g ]m `YnaY[gfimaklY\g g \aj]alg \] l]d]^gfYj hYjY]d] ]e
`gj}jagk eYdm[gkkaehd]ke]fl] hYjY^Yr]j meY h]j_mflY( lYd[geg hgj
im] Ykh]kkgYkfg h]j[]ZaYe im] Y 5-,/- hg\]jaY k]j 2-,-.+ HYf\]d*
Zjgl \][a\ajY k] em\Yj hYjYY }j]Y \] =gklgf( fg hYjYk] Yhgk]flYj(
eYk kae hYjYljYZYd`YjhYjYe []fljg \] h]kimakYhYljg[afY\g hgj me
dYZgjYljagfY[agfYd+>geg ]klYnYk] em\Yf\g hYjYme YhYjlYe]flg
]e >YeZja\_] ] \]apYf\g Y[YkY]fgje] ]e im] nanaYfg kmZjZag\]
R]kl[`]kl]j( ]e IgnY Tgjc( ]d] e] [gfna\YjY hYjY]k[gd`]j imYak\] k]mk
danjgk]m _gklYjaY\] l]j+
<l gk llmdgk\gk danjgklaf`Ye me lgim] fgkl}d_a[g+@f[`a meY [YapY
\] llmdgk^jYf[]k]k( [geg meY [haY \] .616 \] ;GZOKXKKZSfSUOXK&\]
C]fja =]j_kgf( im] hYj][aYl]j ka\g [gehjY\g hgj HYf\]dZjgl fgk l]e*
hgk \] ]klm\Yfl] %g[`]ajg &+
?]hgak \] l]j e]f[agfY\g k]mfge] Ylgjlg ] Y\aj]alg Ygdgf_g \g
danjg(hgj ^ae Yhj]k]flYj]a HYf\]dZjgl( hjaf[ahYde]fl] [geg Yhjae]ajY
h]kkgY[ge me llmdgY[Y\ea[g [ge im]e bYeYak[gfn]jk]a kgZj] Yd]Y*
lgja]\Y\] k]e e] k]flaj ljYhY[]Y\g+Jmljgk eYl]e}la[gk \Y hjgZYZada\Y*
\] Yjj]e]kkYnYe [gfljY eae l]gj]eYk [ge fge]k jmkkgk([geg !NgZg*
d]n!( !Fgdegjg_gn!( e]\a\Y \] Ra]f]j( k]e gk imYak]klYjaYeh]j\a\gk8
]d]klaf`Ye \a^a[md\Y\]]e [`]_Yj Yg~eY_g \g Ykkmflggm]e kYaj\] k]mk
hY\j]k daealY\gkhgj l]ehg km^a[a]fl]hYjYim] hm\]kk]e [gfka\]jYj Yk
hjhjaYk^Yd`Yk
]ehja[Yk+>ge HYf\]dZjgl ]jY \a^]j]fl]7 ]jY [geg k] fk
\gak nakk]egk \g e]keg hYk(lankk]egk fgk ]f[gfljY\g \]hgak \] Yfgk
\] ]pdag^jmkljY\g] ^kk]egk^afYde]fl] [YhYr]k\] [gfn]jkYj fY df_mY
fYlYdk]e ]k^gjg+@d] g fa[g hjg^]kkgj \] [Yjf] ] gkkgim] bYeYaklan]
* e]mk hjg^]kkgj]k [gklmeYe k]j gk danjgk]e eaf`Y ZaZdagl][Y+
@mla*
f`Y emalg hgm[g j]kh]alg hgj eYl]e}la[gk im] da\YnYe[ge af[]jl]rY ]
]kl ^#^#
*
YDN
d>YhYjY[gfkD\]jYj imYdim]jme \]d]k e]m hjg^]kkgj * ]e eaf`Y
e]fl]( eYl]e}la[gk( lj]afY\gk hYjY[]jl]rYk( fg laf`Ye im] da\Yj[ge Y
Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+HYf\]dZjgl hjgngm*e] im] ]m ]klYnY]jjY\g+
@d]^YdY
me ^jYf[k af[geme]fl] hj][akg ] ^gjeYd(emalg hYj][a\g [ge
g ^YdY\gh]dgkd]nYflafgk\Y _]jYg \] e]mk hYakgmh]dgkYjaklg[jYlYk
\g
Q]d`s Hmf\g( g im] lgjfYnY ]kljYf`g gmnaj(g[YkagfYde]fl]( k]maf_dk
Ye]f[Yfg [gdgimaYd
[ge kglYim](eYk emalg [geme+ @d] Ydlg] ]kl} Y[a*
^agdY
\g h]kg( g im] ^Yr[ge im] l]f`Y [YjY\] Z]Z %Yh]kYj
\] fmf[Y l*Dg
QDNlg
[ge]j meY j]^]ag ]pY_]jY\Y&(
] l]e meY hj]k]fY ^ka[Y
eYj[Yfl]+

?g ]pl]jagj( faf_me h]fkYjaYim] g im] ]m ] HYf\]dZjgl l]egk ]e

[geme Yaf[]jl]rY \]k[gfljgdY\Y( >akf]k I]_jgk ] fg]k ]klYlkla[Yk
[`YlYk%](|k n]r]k( e]fgk [`YlYk&+
HYk(Yh]kYj\] k]jegk [gdYZgjY\gj]k(
fg ]e lgjfg \akkg im] _ajYe fgkkYkhjaf[ahYak[gfn]jkYk+@dYk
kg ]e
eYagj hYjl] kgZj] Ykkmflgkdal]j}jagk] ]klla[gk gmkgZj] ^g^g[Yk`aklja*
[YkYj]kh]alg \] h]kkgYk\] j]^afYe]flg afl]d][lmYd]pljYgj\af}jag+ ?a_g
j]^afYe]flg( fg [gfimaklYk+HYf\]dZjgl hg\aY [gflYj `akljaYkkgZj]
Y _YeY ^]fge]fYd \] ^a_mj]k[ge im]e ljYZYd`gmYg dgf_g \g dla*
eg k[mdg(eYk \] Yd_meeg\g ]klgm hjg_jYeY\g hYjY[gfka\]jYj Yk
h]jkgfYk \] [a]flaklYkemalg e]fgk afl]j]kkYfl]k \g im] Yk\] ]jm\algk
]pmZ]jYfl]k+>geg ]m(HYf\]dZjgl l]e afl]j]kk] hgj af\an\mgkmjZYfgk
im] [geZafYe ljYgkim] k] aeY_afYjaYfg [g]paklaj]e+ PeY h]kkgYim]
[alY[ge ^j]if[aY g ZYjg Ka]jj] E]Yf\] H]fYk[]( Yim]e [gf`][]m
fY \[Y\Y \] .62- ]e Kjaf[]lgf( gf\] \] H]fYk[] ]jY [gd]_Y\] imYjlg
\g ^ka[gJhh]f`]ae]j+
?] H]fYk[] ]jY ]pYlYe]fl] g lahg \] h]kkgYhgj
im]e e] afl]j]kkg( Yh]jkgfa^a[Yg\] me >akf] I]_jg+ @d]n]ag \] meY
^YedaY
ghmd]flY\] e]j[Y\gj]k bm\]mk\] <d]pYf\jaY(^YdYfl]k\] ^jYf[k
] \] alYdaYfg(
[geg lg\gk gk d]nYflafgk kg^akla[Y\gk+
N]mkYfl]hYkkY\gk
Y\glYjYe meY _jY^aYn]f]raYfY hYjYg fge] }jYZ]( Y[j]k[]flYjYe me
llmdg\] fgZj]rY `f_Yjg fg hjg[]kkg ] kg[aYdarYjYe[ge Yj]Yd]rY+?]
H]fYk[] fg Yh]fYkk] [gfn]jl]m Yg[jaklaYfakeg( eYk lYeZe k] lgj*
fgm hY\j] \geafa[Yfg ] me _jYf\] Y[Y\ea[g \Ykdf_mYk
k]ealYk] h]j*
kYk+
HYf\]dZjgl im]klagfYnY*e] [gflafmYe]fl] kgZj] <d]pYf\jaY( hgak
]klYnYk]ehj] ]e Zmk[Y\]kk] lahg \] h]jkgfY_]e+
q n]j\Y\] im] h]jkgfY_]fk afl]d][lmYde]fl] kg^akla[Y\gk]jYe ]pYlY*
e]fl] g im] ]m hjg[mjYnYfY na\Y+H]m hYa]jm\alg ] hgdae}la[g * im]
k] Yaf\Y]klan]kk]nang k]jaYYh]fYk\mYkk]eYfYk eYakn]d`g \g im] =]*
fgal H+ * Yhj][aYnYY[gehYf`aY \] hY\j]k b]kmlYk
]plj]eYe]fl]
[md*
lgk+@md]eZjg \]kk]k nakalYfl]kb]kmlYk
g[mhYf\g eaf`Y [Y\]ajY | e]kY
\] bYflYj+G]eZjg*e] im] me \]d]k ]jY ^gjeY\g ]e e]\a[afY ] laf`Y
\gmlgjY\g %K`+?+&
]e ^ka[Y(
eYk ]fkafYnY YjYeYa[g hYjYegjY\gj]k
dg[Yakfg Dfklalmlg\] Gf_mYkJja]flYak \] =]ajml]+NmYeakkg Yfl]jagj
hg\]jaY l]j ka\g ]fkafYj ^ka[Y
]e Yd_meY]k[gdY\] ]fkafg e\ag ]( Yf*
l]k \akkg(lYdn]rl]f`Y ka\g fY ]k[gdY\] e]\a[afY+ @kk]lahg \] ]jm\ag
aehj]kkagfYnY e]m hYaemalg eYak \g im] ljYZYd`g[a]fl^a[g \] daf`Y
\] egflY_]e+ Kgkkgl]j Yd_g]e e]mk _]f]k im] e] Y^YklY
\] HORJ[TMY'
VNOROYZKXY(

<h]kYj \] HYf\]dZjgl l]j ]phj]kkY\g [ge ^j]if[aY YkkgeZjg \aYfl]

\g l]eh]jYe]flg
\] ]jm\algk emalg Z]e*km[]\a\gk ] \] [a]flaklYkfgl}*
n]akeYk fg lg ^Yegkgk([geg g n]d`g Yea_g >Yjd]lgf BYb\mk]c(im]
g aehj]kkagfYnY[ge Y`YZada\Y\]im] laf`Y hYjY\]k[gZjaj Yk[YmkYk
\]
\g]fYk ljgha[Yak(]d] fg hYj][aYYfkagkghgj YdYj\]YjYhjhjaY Ykkg[aY*
g [ge Yim]d]kim] [gfka\]jYegk _jYf\]k [a]flaklYk+G]n]aYd_mel]ehg
Yl \]k[gZjaj im] HYf\]dZjgl ljYZYd`YjY
[ge meY daklYfgl}n]d \] [a]f*
laklYk]e YhYj]fl]e]fl] lg\Yk Yk}j]Yk(Yd_gim] Yd_meim] _gklY\] [alYj
fge]k l]jaY]fme]jY\g \] ^gjeY [gflfmY+<h]kYj \] b}^Yr]jYd_mfkYfgk
im] ljYZYd`g[ge ]d]( ^gakge]fl] gmljg \aY(]fimYflg [gfn]jkYnY [ge
kmY]khgkY(im] \]k[gZja im] ]d] hYkkYjY
\gak Yfgk[geg [gdYZgjY\gjeY*
l]e}la[g \g hka[dg_gE]YfKaY_]l+
Oan]gmljg [`gim] imYf\g kgmZ]im]
lYeZe ljYZYd`YjY
[ge g _jYf\] `aklgjaY\gj A]jfYf\ =jYm\]d * eYk
HYf\]dZjgl fg hYj][aYafl]j]kkY\g ]e =jYm\]d+@d]fg k] aehgjlYnY
]e \ak[mlajEg`f ngf I]meYf( [ge im]e ljYZYd`YjY
[geg [gehYf`]a*
jg \] hk*\gmlgjY\g+ NmY]k[YdY]klYnYafn]jla\Y+ K]j_mfl]a*d`] kgZj]
>`Yjd]k Oj]kk]j( me ^ka[g\]k[gf`][a\g im] [gf`][a ]e meY ^]klY(im]
]k[j]naYYjla_gkkgZj] l]gjaY \g [Ygk] [gehd]e]flYnY Yj]f\Y \] h]kima*
kY\gj ^Yr]f\g \g[]k hYjYmeY dgbYim] laf`Y h]jlg \Y [a\Y\] \] IgnY
Tgjc+ @d]^ga]f^}la[g7 !BT NUSSK K^ZXGUXJOTGOXK!&
\akk] kgZj] Oj]kk]j( ]
fg [gfk]_maYhYjYj\] ]dg_a}*dg+
HYkimYf\g h]j_mfl]a kgZj] me ^a_mjg
^Yegkg( j]khgf\]m7 !@d] g hjgllahg \g HUTfRK\K&
me ]klm\Yfl] [ge
ZgYkfglYk(k]e hjg^mf\a\Y\] f]e nakg+!J ^a_mjglaf`Y ka\g dYmj]Y\g
[ge g Kjeag IgZ]d+

<_gjY( hgj im] ]klgm [`YeYf\g ]kk] f]_[ag \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eYf\]d*

ZjglaYfYgm^jY[lYd;Og\Yk Ykh]Yk\g im]ZjY*[YZ]Yb}^gjYe e]f[ag*
fs\Yk Yfl]jagje]fl] hgj gmljYkh]kkgYk([geg KYj]lg(Tmd]] Uah^(eYk
^JDHYf\]dZjgl im]e Y&da_gmgk hgflgk( Z&]klYZ]d][]m meY da_Yg
]flj] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ] _]ge]ljaY %](Yde \g eYak([ge me lahg ]kh][aYd
\] _]ge]ljaY& ] [&[gf\mram g Ykkmflg| [gf[dmkg fYlmjYd+q n]j\Y*
\] im] emalgk eYl]e}la[gk kg ^Yegkgk`gb]( hYj[aYde]fl]( hgjim] ]d]
\]k]fl]jjgm k]mkljYZYd`gkhYjYkmkl]flYj YkhjhjaYk Yd]_Y]k* ]k*
ljYl_aYim] ]klgm k]_maf\g Yima(f]kl] danjg+!Oan] im] afn]flYj e]mk
hj]\][]kkgj]k hYjYim] Ykh]kkgYke] d]nYkk]e Ykjag!( \akk]*e] []jlY

n]r( l]f\g mladarY\g Y[j]\aZada\Y\] \] ^a_mj]k [geg afkljme]flg

j]l*
ja[g+ q imYk] k]ehj] hgkkn]d \]k]f[YnYj hj]\][]kkgj]k
hYjY imYdim]j
h]fkYe]flg+
N]ehj] hgkkn]d ]f[gfljYj
Yd_me im] ljYZYd`gm hYjl]
\] k]m Yj_me]flg ]*mkYjY[gfljaZmag \]d] [geg j]^gjg+ < Ykkg[aYg
[a]fl^a[Y [ge meY _jYf\] a\aY( Y !_ja^]!( nYahYjY im]e da_Ygk hgf*
lgk( ] fg hYjY im]e ^Yr meY gZk]jnYg [YkmYd* Yl e]keg
>`Yjd]k
?Yjoaf( im] [a]flaklYk af[mdlgk \ar]e l]j !afn]flY\g!
Y kgZj]nanf[aY
\g eYak Yhlg( fg ^ga g hjae]ajg Y e]f[agf}*DY+ ?Yjoaf ]k[j]n]m fY
afljg\mg \Y =XOMKSJGYKYVfIOKY
im] gk ^YlgkYhj]k]flY\gk hgj ]d] fg
]jYe f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
gja_afYak8]jYe kmYk[gfk]if[aYk
im] [gfka\]*
jYnY !afl]j]kkYfl]k!
%[geg e]f[agfgm(
[ge meY eg\klaY nalgjaYfY
[YjY[l]jkla[Y&+Ig ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( im]e kYa_Yf`Yf\g kg gk im] \]ja*
nYe [gfk]if[aYk
] [YhlYe Yaehgjl~f[aY \Yk a\aYk( n]f\g k]m nYdgj
j]Yd+Ng ]d]k im] hg\]e ^YdYjkgZj] g Ykkmflg+
KgjlYflg( \]k[j]n]j]a Y_]ge]ljaY eYf\]dZjglaYfY+

Oja~f_mdgk( imY\jY\gk( [j[mdgk ] gmljgk [gf[]algk _]gelja[gk

im] ^a*
r]jYe emalgk \] fk Zg[]bYj fY kYdY\] YmdYhg\]e
k]j a\aYk Z]dYk]
hmjYk(eYk hYj][]e eYak hj]k]fl]k fYk e]fl]k \] Yjimal]lgk( \]ka_f]jk(
[gfkljm]k \] Yjl] eg\]jfY
] hjg^]kkgj]k ]k[gdYj]k \g im] fY fYlmj]rY
hjghjaYe]fl]
\alY+Om\g Z]e( k im] YeYagjaY \] fk fg l]e [gfk[af*
[aY\akkg+HgflYf`Yk fg kg lja~f_mdgk f]e haj~ea\]k8 }jngj]k fg kg
[j[mdgk8daf`Yk j]lYk fg kg imYk] fmf[Y naklYk]e dm_YjYd_me+< H]
IYlmj]rY fg l]n] YmdYk
\] _]ge]ljaY fg ]fkafg e\ag f]e d]mgk danjgk
\] @m[da\]k \] <d]pYf\jaY+ < _]ge]ljaY \]dY ajj]_mdYj( eYk [ge meY
d_a[YhjhjaY im] ^}[ad\] k]j [gehj]]f\a\Y+
@mb} \akk] im] hYj][segk fYlmjYde]fl] af[dafY\gk YhdYlgfa^a[Yj ] Y
h]fkYj ]p[dmkanYe]fl] ]e l]f`gk \g eYl]jaYd ]klm\Y\g7 faf_me( k]bY
me h]\j]ajg gm me ^adkg^gfYlmjYd(hg\] ]k[YhYj ^Y[ade]fl] \Y ]k[jY*
na\g \] lYd[gf\a[agfYe]flg+
>gfka\]j] im] g _jYf\] BYdad]m(im] hgj
gmljg dY\g ]jY me \]keakla^a[Y\gj \] ^Ydka\Y\]k(]k[j]n]m g k]_mafl]7

_jYf\] danjg \Y IYlmj]rY bYrYZ]jlg \aYfl] \] fgkkgk gd`gk ] Y^a*

dgkg^aYn]j\Y\]ajY ]kl} ]k[jalY f]d] +++
HYk fg hg\]egk d*DgYe]*
fgk im] l]f`Yegk Yhj]f\a\g Yfl]k Ydf_mY] gk [YjY[l]j]k fg imYd

+^ga]k[jalg +++
@d]^ga]k[jalg fY daf_mY_]e eYl]e}la[Y ] gk [YjY[l]j]k
kg lja~f_mdgk( [j[mdgk ] gmljYk^a_mjYk_]gelja[Yk+
N]j} im] BYdad]m]jY d]_Yde]fl] []_g; <l g _jYf\] BYdad]m([ge lg\Y
kmYkmhgklYaf\]h]f\f[aY
e]flYd( fg ]jY [YhYr \] gd`Yj aehYj[aYd*
s]fl] hYjY YH] IYlmj]rY+ @klgm[gf^aYfl] \] im] ]d] laf`Y bYf]dYkfY
kmY[YkY] im] k] Yn]flmjYnY Yg ]pl]jagj \] l]ehgk ]e l]ehgk7 ]d] \]n]*
jaYl]j kYZa\g im] lja~f_mdgk fg kg ]f[gfljY\gk
^Y[ade]fl] fY fYlmj]rY+
Ng^j]egk dYnY_]e []j]ZjYd [ge emalY ^Y[ada\Y\]+
Ngegk []_gk( ad]ljY\gk gm Yk\mYk[gakYk+@jYlg Znag im] Y_]ge]ljaY
\Y fYlmj]rY fg ]jY Y\] @m[da\]k(] faf_me( imYk] faf_me( namakkg+
@kkY[]_m]ajY %^ka[Y&
a\fla[Y | ^Yd}[aYd\a[Y im] ^Yr [ge im] h]f*
k]egk im] gk [Ykkafgk j]hj]k]flYe
YYd]Ylgja]\Y\]+

HYk( hjae]ajg( meY \]k[jag \gk ^jY[lYak+?]hgak egkljYj]egk

[geg
]d]k ]klg da_Y\gkYg im] [`YeYegk \] d]ak\] hglf[aY gm d]ak]k[Yd}n]ak+
5XGIZGR
meY hYdYnjY[mf`Y\Y hgj HYf\]dZjgl hYjY \]k[j]n]j Y_]g*
e]ljaY \g ajj]_mdYj ] \g LXGZ[XGJU
' \g dYlae LXGIZ[Y&
gja_]e \] LXGZ[XG'
JU(5XGIZGROJGJK
Yj]h]lag \] hY\j]k _]gelja[gk ]e ]k[YdYk\a^]j]f*
l]k( j]n]dYf\g n]jk]k [Y\Y n]r e]fgj]k
\] ka e]keYk+ KYjl]k h]im]fYk
d]eZjYe( Yl []jlg _jYm( g lg\g+ O]flYj]a egkljYj f]kl] [Yhlmdg[geg
g ^jY[lYdYhda[Y*k]Yg lahg \] af[]jl]rY im] \]n]jaY gkl]flYj g fge] \]
HYf\]dZjgl7 Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] eYf\]dZjglaYfY+
Jk n]agk ]e ^gd`Yk \] hdYflYkhYj][]e [ge _Yd`gk8_Yd`gk hYj][]e
[ge }jngj]k8 jg[`Yk hYj][]e [ge h]im]fYk egflYf`Yk+ Ig ]pakl] em*
\YfY imYdalYlanY
imYf\g me gZb]lg em\Y \] lYeYf`g+ N] ng[ gd`Yj \]
me Ynag hYjYY[gklY \Y Df_dYl]jjY(]dYhYj][]j} [ge g im] k] n imYf\g
k] gd`Y hYjY ]dYYljYnk \] meY d]fl] \] Yme]flg+ J [Yj}l]j \] Ymlg*Y^a*
fa\Y\] km_]j] im] meY j]_jY \] al]jYg ]f_YfgkYe]fl]
[mjlY ] kaehd]k
hgkkY k]j mkY\Yhgj me [gehmlY\gj gm( eYak Yd]YlgjaYe]fl]( h]dY H]
IYlmj]rY hYjY[gfkljmaj ^gjeYk \] [gehd]pa\Y\]
YhYj]fl]e]fl]
_jYf\]+
Dkkghg\] k]j lad hYjY Y [gehmlYg _j}^a[Y( eYk g eYak aehgjlYfl]
im] Ykkae im] YfYlmj]rY ljYZYd`Y+HYf\]dZjgl hjgb]lgm g gZb]lg eYl]*
e}la[g [gf`][a\g
`gb] [geg [gfbmflg \] HYf\]dZjgl( g gZb]lg eYak ^Y*
egkg \Y `akljaY \Y eYl]e}la[Y+ @d]lgjfgm*k] hghmdYj ]flj] k]_ma\gj]k

\Y l]gjaY \g [Ygk hgjim] _]jY \]k]f`gk \] [gehd]pa\Y\]

k]ehj] [j]k*
[]fl] mladarYf\g meY j]_jY j][mjkanY ]f_YfgkYe]fl]
eafk[mdY8 XKI[X'
YO\Gka_fa^a[Yim] Yd_ghg\] k]j j]Yhda[Y\g af\]^afa\Ye]fl]
Ykahjhjag+
Kg\]*k] gd`Yj hYjYg [gfbmflg ]e j]kgdm]k [Y\Y n]r e]fgj]k
k]e T[T'
IG Ylaf_aj g daeal]8 ng[ [gflafmYj} Yn]j ^gjeYk j][gf`][n]ak+ <k ^gjeYk
fg kg fmf[Y Yke]keYk( eYk Yhj]k]flYe meY Y^afa\Y\] ]flj] ka(meY
^gjl] k]e]d`YfY ^YeadaYj+
@kk]kgZb]lgk \]k]eh]f`Ye
me hYh]d fY ]klla[Y+ >gfka\]j]
Ykk]*
_mafl]k Yhda[Y]k7
0XZKY\OY[GOY< eYagjaY \gk gZb]lgk _]jY\gk hgj [gehmlY\gj kg `gb]
ZYk]Y\gk ]e Yd_meYn]jkg \g ^jY[lYdeYf\]dZjglaYfg+ OYeZe hg\]*
egk n]j ^jY[lYakfY Yjimal]lmjY( ]e haflmjYk ] ]e emalYk gZjYk \] Yjl]
nakmYd* gZnaYe]fl]( k]e im] l]f`Ye
ka\g af[gjhgjY\gk [gfk[a]fl]*
e]fl] h]dg [jaY\gj \Y gZjY+
;lYOIG- >Yfl] d]flYe]fl]
[ge gk d}Zagk ^][`Y\gk Yk imYljg fglYk
\] YZ]jlmjY \Y imaflY kaf^gfaY \] =]]l`gn]f7
ZG'ZG'ZG'ZG(
@e k]_ma\Y(
kmZklalmY[Y\Y fglY af\ana\mYd h]dY e]keY YZ]jlmjY \] imYljg fglYk( \]
^gjeY im] k] l]f`Y me [gehYkkg \] .3 fglYk+ Qg[ n]j} %gme]d`gj(
gmnaj}&im] [Y\Y gf\Y e]fgj
d]eZjY Y gja_afYd eYagj+ =Y[` ] HY`d]j(
hgj ]p]ehdg( ]k[j]naYe kmZegnae]flgk
im] d]eZjYe gk egnae]flgk
eYagj]k \gk imYakkg hYjl]+
>UKYOG< hg]kaY
@eadq ?a[cafkgf( hgj ]p]ehdg( ^jY[lYd7g _jYf\]
hYj][] [ge g h]im]fg+ @dYhgkkma(k]_mf\g me [ge]flYjaklY( !meY j]m*
fag ^]alY[gfk[a]fl]e]fl]
\] \a[]k( elja[Yk( j]lja[Yk( _]klgk ] lgfk!+
Dfa[aYde]fl]( gk ^jY[lYakljYfk^gjeYjYe =]fgal H+ ]e me h}jaY fY
kg[a]\Y\] eYl]e}la[Y+ HYl]e}la[gk ^jYf[]k]k ^a[YjYe `gjjgjarY\gk+ J
im; DeY_]fk; ;UT JOK[ @jY[geg ]paZaj me ^ade] hgjfg_j}^a[g hYjY
me _jmhg \] Ynk \]nglYk \Y D_j]bYJja]flYd Jjlg\gpY ]e eaf`Y Yd\]aY
Yf[]kljYd \] <eagmf+ <skae( HYf\]dZjgl hYkkgmYd_me l]ehg [geg j]*
^m_aY\gafl]d][lmYd fg []fljg \] h]kimakYk\Y D=H fg fgjl] \g ]klY\g \]
IgnY Tgjc+ @jYmeY kalmYg\] JOTNKOXU
JKL%%%'YK&
hgak YD=H \]apYnY*g
^Yr]j g im] Z]e ]fl]f\]kk]+
HYk g hZda[g ]e _]jYd %hjaf[ahYde]fl] Y^a[agfY\gk hgj [gehmlY*
\gj]k& ]fl]f\]m
g hgflg+ J danjg \] HYf\]dZjgl( 0 MKUSKZXOG
FXGIZGR
JG
TGZ[XK`G&
YljYamemalY Yl]fg imYf\g ^ga hmZda[Y\g( `} me imYjlg \]
k[mdg( ]khYd`Yf\g*k] ]e [j[mdgk Yjlkla[gk ] d]nYf\g Y ]klm\gk kgZj]
]klla[Y( Y \]ka_f \] Yjimal]lmjY ] Yl Y _jYf\]k Yhda[Y]kaf\mkljaYak+

\]

+
Ye Yl Y g^]j][]j Y=]fgal H+ me [Yj_g \] hjg^]kkgj \] e]\a[a*
>`]_Yj
+ +
( Nm gklYe]fl]( gk hmde]k kg Ymlg*kDeadYj]k+NmYkhYd]kljYk ]jYe
sY+ \$ SYkhgj lg\g lahg \] YjlaklYk(g im] d`] nYd]mg Yh]da\g \] Mg[c
dddnY.
X $
\Y eYl]e}la[Y+ < ]jY \Y [gehmlYYg YEm\gm*gYlgjfYj*k] me \gk
NlYj
* \ ] k]m
$ld$[JN
eYak af^dm]fl]k \ Y `$.Nl$fY( ]e l]jegk \ ] YhD$
d>Yg]k
eYl]e Y
+
B
emalg Yfl]k \] k]j Y[]Dlg h]dY lgjj] \] eYj^ae+ Q]j]egk im](
ljYZYd`g (
(
Yde \Y mfan]jkYda\Y\]( g ljYZYd`g \] HYf\]dZjgl Yhj]k]flY me YlfZmlg
+ eme$ + af[jan]de]fl]
^}[ad\] k]j [gehj]]f\a\g+
ddd>J
<d_meYk hYdYnjYkkgZj] kmYZag_jY^aY+
HYf\]dZjgl hYjlam \] QYjknaY
YjYYAjYfY ]e .603( Ygk ./ Yfgk+ ?]na\g |k na[akkalm\]k \] meY na\Y
sdYf\]klafY \mjYfl] Yg[mhYg fYraklY \Y AjYfY( ^ga hgmhY\g \] meY
]\m[Yg _Ymd]kYljY\a[agfYd( [ge k]mkl]kl]k Yd_Zja[gk fY\Y afkhajY\g*
j]k( lgjfYf\g*k] YehdYe]fl] Ymlg\a\YlY+HYaklYj\]( ^gahjg^mf\Ye]fl]
af^dm]f[aY\g h]dg lag( Nrgd]e( e]eZjg
hjg]eaf]fl]
\g ]klYZdak`e]fl
eYl]e}la[g ^jYf[k ] \]l]flgj
\] meY [Y\]ajY fg >gdd]_] \] AjYf[]+ Kgk*
l]jagje]fl](
=]fgal H+ k] afklYdgmfgk @klY\gk Pfa\gk( ljYZYd`Yf\g Y
eYagj hYjl] \Y na\Y [geg [a]flaklY af\mkljaYd( [ge Yd_mfk[Yj_gk Y[Y\*
ea[gk ljYfkaljagk ] nYjaY\gk+
Jk [gehmlY\gj]k
\]k]eh]f`YjYe
\gak hYhak fY fgnY [af[aY im]
HYf\]dZjgl Ybm\gmY[gf[]Z]j+ Kjae]ajg( gZb]lgk ^jY[lYak([geg naegk(
hg\]e k]j _]jY\gk [ge meY j]_jY kaehd]k Yhda[Y\YYkahjhjaY( g im] gk
lgjfY a\]Yak hYjY YYlana\Y\] Ymlge}la[Y \] me [gehmlY\gj %gm\Y H]
IYlmj]rY&+N]_mf\g( Y_]jYg \] aflma]k nakmYak
[gfle
meY \aYdla[Y
]flj] g eYl]e}la[g
] gk gZb]lgk _]jY\gk+
<_gjY n]bYegk [geg akkg fgk d]nY | Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+ IY n]j\Y\]( ^ga
[ge hjgZYZada\Y\] im] HYf\]dZjgl afa[agm kmY[Yjj]ajY+
5D9 9:FI<9?=D

M@JL9C
<F *NKI=D@JKUFC.=<@F;I@JKUF

@klgmgd`Yf\g hYjY me lYh]l] ]e e]m ]kl\ag+ N] ]pYeaf}*dg [ge me

ea[jgk[hag( n]j]a me l]jj]fg emalg jm_gkg+ N] gd`Yj hYjY ]d] [ge meY
d]fl] \] Yme]flg( g l]jj]fg
k]j} eYak dakg(eYk Yaf\Y emalg \]ka_mYd+
HYk imYf\g gd`g hYjYg lYh]l] ]klYf\g \] h( ]d] hYj][] k]j mfa^gje] *

!Ogjj] \] HYj^ae!7 ]phj]kkg im] \]ka_fY me emf\g gm Ylegk^]jY gf\] gk afl]d][lmYakk]

]fngdn]e ]e im]klagfYe]flgk
] \ak[mkk]k \]knaf[mdY\gk \Yk hj}la[Yk [gla\aYfYk+PkY\Y
h]bgjYlanYe]fl]( af\a[Y meY \]knaf[mdYg \]daZ]jY\Y \g emf\g [gla\aYfg+ %I+JU A($

imYk]lg dakgimYflg meY ^gd`Y\] hYh]d+LmYf\g gd`Y\g hgj Yd_me

im] ]kl} \] h( g lYh]l] [gjj]khgf\] YgH]\ag[jaklg ] | d]a\gk _jYf\]k
fe]jgk7 ]klgmn]f\g YkgeY \Ykgf\mdY]k(] KRGY
YdUY[G\O`GJGY(Dkkg
[geg YYd]Ylgja]\Y\] _YmkkaYfY7
g eglang h]dg imYdeaf`Y p[YjY\] [Y^
fg kYdlY
hgjim] YkgeY \] lg\Yk YkhYjl[mdYk
]e egnae]flg kmYna*
rY\Y+?Y e]keY ^gjeY( gZle*k] []jl]rYk YljYnk\Y kgeY \] h]im]fYk
af[]jl]rYk _YmkkaYfYk7
]kkY Yd]a\gk _jYf\]k fe]jgk+
< [mjnY_YmkkaYfY
fg Ymlg*kaeadYj(
] hgj akkgim] Yp[YjY\] [Y^
fg kYdlY
fY eaf`Y e]kY+
<_gjY [gfka\]j] me hYkk]agegflYf`Y Y[aeY+Ig aehgjlY g imYflg
k] kmZYfY kmh]j^[a]\Y O]jjY( ]dYh]jeYf][]j} ajj]_mdYj* g im] h]j*
eYf][] k]f\g n]j\Y\] e]keg Y.- ead e]ljgk \] Ydlalm\]+LmYf\g ngY
kgZj] gk <dh]k( ng[ Yaf\Y n egflYf`Yk ajj]_mdYj]k]e n]r \] h]\jYk
h]im]fYk+ KgjlYflg( Yd_meYkkmh]j^[a]kfg kg \g H]\ag[jaklg( ] meY
em\YfY \] j]kgdmgfg YklgjfY emalg eYakdakYk+
%JZk]jn] im] g ]^]a*
lg k \]kYhYj][] imYf\g k] kgZ] Yl Ydlalm\]keYak ]plj]eYk+ Igkkg hdY*
f]lY hYj][] dakghYjYme gZk]jnY\gj fg ]khYg(eYk akkgY[gfl][] hgjim]
]d] h]im]fg \]eYak+ N] ^gkk]me hdYf]lYeYagj( l]jaY egflYf`Yk im]
k]jaYe _a_Yfl]k[Yk]e [gehYjYg [ge g CaeYdYaY(
g im] ]pa_ajaYgZk]j*
nYg\] meY \akl~f[aYeYagj hYjYim] hYj][]kk] dakg+
?Y e]keY ^gjeY(
k] g hdYf]lYlan]kk] meY hghmdYgeYagj( e]keg eYfl]f\g Ye]keY
e\aY \] jaim]rY( hjgn}n]d im] ]f[gflj}kk]egk Yd_me[mbghYljae*
fag dima\gkmh]jYjaYYehdYe]fl] g \] =addBYl]k+&
<k Aa_mjYk.. ] ./ admkljYeg hgflg Yima[alY\g7 me gZk]jnY\gj(
gd`Yf\g hYjYYhjae]ajY ^glg_jY^aY(
hg\]jaY h]fkYj im] meY lYehY \]
d]fl] \] [~e]jY [Yamfg [`g+
G]eZj]*k] \Y Zj]n] \ak[mkkgkgZj] Y[gklY\Y Df_dYl]jjY+
N]gd`YjhYjY
]dY\] me Ynag(k]mk[gflgjfgk fg kg lg \a^]j]fl]k \gk im] k] n]e fY
[gklY+< em\YfY \] ]k[YdYfg Ydl]jYYk^gjeYk f]e g _jYm\] dakmjY+

J im] Y_]ge]ljaY ^jY[lYdl]e Yn]j [ge Y\akljaZmag\] j]f\Y( g lYeY*

f`g \Yk[a\Y\]k( j]lgjfgk fgk e]j[Y\gk ^afYf[]ajgk( g fe]jg \] egjl]k
fY _m]jjYgmg lYeYf`g \] hdYf]lYk;Ga_m]egk gk hgflgk+
< [`Yn] Yima im] ULXGIZGR
VUYY[OSKJOJGYT[SfXOIGY U[ KYZGZhYZOIGY
W[KYdU #VGXIOGRSKTZK$
VXKYKX\GJGY
KS KYIGRGY
JOLKXKTZKY
' Yhjghgjg

\Y _YmkkaYfY+
JmljY nakg \] lYdYmlg*kaeadY*
keY ( \a^]j]fl]e]fl]
$\Y\] Yhj]k]flY\Y fY Aa_mjY.0+ >geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg.2( gk km*
f
$[gkkg hYj][a\gk [ge gk ja[gk( k im] eYakja[gk * Yjaim]rY af*
h]j*f
(
++
+
\]h]f\]fl]
]e j]dYgY]k[YdY(gm(eYDNhj]>akYe]fl]( \] \]h]f\]f[DY
]k[YdYj\]k[gf`][a\Y+
IY \[Y\Y \] .63-( HYf\]dZjgl Yhj]k]flgm kmYk
a\aYkkgZj] gk hj]gk
\] [geeg\ala]k ] \] Ylangk^afYf[]ajgk Yg]klYZdak`e]fl ][gfea[g( ] gk
][gfgeaklYk ^afYf[]ajgk^a[YjYelg\gk ]p[alY\gk+@e .630( g ]flg j]algj
\Y AY[md\Y\]\] <\eafakljYg ] @[gfgeaY \Y Pfan]jka\Y\] \] >`a[Y_g(
B]gj_] N`mdlr(g^]j][]m*d`] Y[Y\]ajY\] hjg^]kkgj+@kk] g e]keg B]gj_]
N`mdlrim]( eYaklYj\]( lgjfgm*k] k][j]l}jag \] @klY\g\] MgfYd\M]Y_Yf+
Ye]

N[`mdlrl]d]^gfgm*d`] []jlY fgal] j]k[af\af\g Yg^]jlY+

Ig ege]flg
]e im] ]k[j]ng ]klYkhYdYnjYk(
11 Yfgk \]hgak( fY\Y
Y[gfl][]m fY ][gfgeaY f]e fY ]klYlkla[Y
\] [af[aYk kg[aYak* ]p[]lg
hgj Ybmkl]kkmh]j^a[aYak
im] ljYlYe g emf\g [geg k] ]klan]kk] kmb]alg
Yh]fYkv Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]eg\]jY\Y * eYk( Yaf\YYkkae(Kjeagk IgZ]d ^g*
jYe \akljaZm\gk+
<d_mfkYjla_gkg^]j][]f\g !hjgnYk! \] im] HYf\]dZjgl

]klYnY]jjY\g ^gjYe ]k[jalgk hgj h]kkgYk im] fg ]fl]f\]e

g Yj_me]flg
[]fljYd \g danjg* k]ehj] hgkkn]dhjg\mraj \Y\gk im]! [gf^aje]e!
im]
g hjg[]kkg ]kk]f[aYd _YmkkaYfgYljYnk\Y dg[YdarYg\] h]jg\gk im] fg
hgkkmYe ]n]flgk jYjgk( Ykkae [geg hgkkn]d]f[gfljYj meY lYj\] ]e im]
faf_me eYlgm faf_me ] mladar}*DY
[geg !hjgnY! \] [gehgjlYe]flg
`gf]klg+ M]h]laj]a im]( hgj [YmkY\Y Ykkae]ljaY fY af\mg( Ykkae [geg
eYak ^}[adj]b]alYj Yafg[f[aY \g im] Y[]al}*DY(
eYak ^}[adj]b]alYj meY
[mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg \g im] Y[]al}*DY8
afn]jkYe]fl]( eYak \a^[adj]b]a*
lYj me ^jY[lYd\g im] g Y[]alYj+Kgj im; Kgjim] me fa[g ]n]flg hg\]
\]kljmaj g Yj_me]flg \] im] ]klYegk \aYfl] \] meY [mjnY fY ^gjeY \]
kafg _YmkkaYfY+
M]kmeaf\g( `} imYljg \[Y\Yk( HYf\]dZjgl \]m hjgdYk Ygk ][gfg*
eaklYk ] Ygk^ddakl]mk
[gfkljmlgj]k \] [mjj[mdgk(im] Ykj]b]alYjYe hgjim]
Yk a\aYk ]jYe ZgYk \]eYak hYjY ]d]k+ AgjYe( [geg k] [gklmeY \ar]j(
SGXMGXOZGY
GTZKVUXIUY&
hjgdYk Ygkhgj[gk+

+Ig j]klYfl] \g [Yhlmdg]phda[Yj]a [geg hgkkg ]f\gkkYj gk ^jY[lYak

eYf\]dZjglaYfgk [geg j]hj]k]flYg \] ZgY hYjl] \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] k]e
f][]kkYjaYe]fl]
Y[]alYj k]m mkg hj][akg+ Jk ^jY[lYak\]n]jaYe k]j g hY*
\jg( YYhjgpaeYg( Y]kljmlmjY+@d]kfg j]kgdn]e g hjgZd]eY \g >akf]
I]_jg f]e ljYfk^gjeYe lg\gk gk >akf]k I]_jgk ]e ]n]flgk hj]nakn]ak(
eYk j]\mr]e
ka_fa^a[YlanYe]fl] g hjgZd]eY \g >akf] I]_jg ^Yr]f\g
[ge im] lYak]n]flgk _jYf\]k k]bYe [gf[]Zn]ak+ %@d]k
gk lgjfYe [afr]f*
lgk+Kgj im] [afr]flgk; Kgjim] Yh]fYk g _YmkkaYfgg^]j][] []jl]rYk+ HYak
kgZj] akkg(]e Zj]n]+&

Ig >Yhlmdg .2 egklj]a fYk daklY_]fk \] jaim]rY Y d_a[Y \Y \akljaZma*

g ^jY[lYd7k] Yjaim]rY \gZjY \] . ead`g hYjY / ead`]k( Yaf[a\f[aY
\] h]kkgYk [ge h]dg e]fgk ]kkYimYfla\Y\] \] \af`]ajg \ana\a\Y hgj
imYljg( im] me ]phg]fl] \] \gak+ N] g ]phg]fl] ^gkk] me( ]flg Yaf*
[a\f[aY \] jaim]rY a_mYdgmeYagj k]jaY \ana\a\Y hgj \gak+ J ]phg]fl]
[`YeY\g \] !hglf[aY! %eglang h]dg imYdYd_meYkh]kkgYk mkYe g l]j*
eg RKO
JK VUZgTIOG$(
>`Ye]egk
g fe]jg
\] g[gjjf[aYk eYak ]d]nY\Yk
\] me []jlg fn]d \] !]p[]\f[aY!
* meY ]p[]\f[aY \] / ead`]k g
fe]jg
\] h]kkgYk [ge jaim]rY Y[aeY \] / ead`]k+ PeY hjghja]\Y*
\] hjaf[ahYd \gk ^jY[lYak%gmgmljY ^gjeY \] ]phj]kkYj kmYhjghja]\Y\]
hjaf[ahYd( Y]k[YdYZada\Y\]& im] Yhjghgjg \] \mYk ]p[]\f[aYkvv k]j}
Yhjghgjg \] \gak fe]jgk
]d]nY\gk | hglf[aY f]_YlanY \g ]phg]fl]
\Y hglf[aY+
Ddmklj]egk akkg+?a_Yegk im] ng[ !aeY_af]! im] Yh]fYk 63 danjgkhgj
Yfg n]f\]jg
eYak \] /2- ead [haYk %gim] Y[gfl][]m Yfg hYkkY\g&] im]
ng[ !aeY_af]! im] g ]phg]fl] k]bY]e lgjfg \] .(2+ Qg[ hg\] ]pljYhg*
dYjhYjY ]klaeYj im] []j[Y \] 01 danjgkn]f\]jg
eYak \g im] 2-- ead [*
haYk* kaehd]ke]fl]
63 n]r]k %2--+---,/2-+---&*.+2+ Kg\]egk [gflafmYj
] h]j[]Z]j im] []j[Y \] galg danjgk\]n]e n]f\]j eYak \g im] . ead`g \]
[haYk( g im] Yima[gjj]khgf\]
Y63 n]r]k %.+---+---,/2-+---&$.(2+

?B@NK: ,-5 GT hXdWTWX(a aU]Xfa `ya g_T fT_bT WX ^X`fX* :e WgTeYafae \^gefdT_ T \`hTd\y`V\T XeVT)
^Td5a fXddX`a YdTVfT^*<a_bTdX)a T aU]Xfae YX\faebX^a [a_X_(
Va_a g_ VTddaag g_T VTeT* ?a`fX5
IdaYXeeadLfXb[X` P* P)[XTfVdTYf( N`\hXde\WTWXWX GXhTWT( KX`T*

J d]algj fg*l[fa[g hg\] hmdYj\Yima Yl g ^afYd\g [Yhlmdg+

Kgj e]ag \Y kae]ljaY hg\]jYegk lYeZe ]pYeafYj Ykaf[a\f[aYk YZYapg\g fe]jg+

HgkljYj]a gk \a^]j]fl]k ]phg]fl]k e]\a\gk hYjYmeY nYja]\Y\] \] ^]*

fe]fgk+
?a_g \aj]lYe]fl] im] ]kk]k ]phg]fl]k ka_fa^a[Ye emalg hgm[g ]e
l]jegk \] hj][akg feja[Y+ Q]j]egk g hgjim \akkg ]e me eafmlg(
eYk( hgj ]fimYflg( j]hYj] Yh]fYkim] fg UHYKX\GSUY
]kk]khYj~e]ljgk8
kaehd]ke]fl] gk Y\anaf`Yegk( gmgk af^]jaegk hgj af^gjeY]k ]klYlkla*
[Yk(g im]( |k n]r]k( ^Yr[ge im] k]bY\a^[adkYZ]jgkhYj~e]ljgk j]Yak* k]
im] ]d]k j]Yde]fl] ]pakl]e+ @pYeaf]egk hjae]ajg Yk[gfk]if[aYk
hj}la[Yk\] me ]phg]fl]+

hsjY 01 hgj []flg+ PeY \a^]j]fY \] Yh]fYk-(/ fg ]phg]fl] em\Y \jY*

eYla[Ye]fl] g j]kmdlY\g* ] lYd\a^]j]fY hg\] k]j ^jmlg\] me kaehd]k
]jjg \] e]\ag+ @kkY
\a^]j]fY fg ljanaYd7
kaehd]ke]fl] [gfka\]j] im]
fg l]egk meY a\aYhj][akY\g nYdgj\g ]phg]fl] hgjim] fg hg\]egk
e]\a*Dg \aj]lYe]fl]+ Om\g im] ^Yr]egk ]klae}*DgYhYjlaj \] \Y\gk
hYkkY\gkgm [gflYj [ge l]gjaYk im] h]jealYe Y[gfkljmg \] Yd_me
eg\]dg i] hgkkYfgk \Yj Yd_meYa\aY* eYk gk eg\]dgk hg\]e l]j
^jYim]rYkg[mdlYkim] fgk aeh]\]e \] Yhda[}*DYk
[]_Ye]fl] | j]Yda\Y\]+

M:;>E:

-5 >QIH>GM>L IK>LNFB=HL

I:K:

=BO>KLHL ?>GsF>GHL&
/WONDMSD
OQDRTLHCN
#@OQNWHL@\[N
U@F@$

?dXc|`V\T

WXgea WX bT^ThdTe

G_Xda WXh\e\fTeT iXUe\fXe

,(/

G_Xda WX ^\hdaehX`W\Wae `ae >N:

,(0

<[T_TWTe

.(//

fX^XY`\VTe dXVXU\WTe

FTZ`\fgWX WXfXddX_afae

-(3

=\x_Xfda WXVdTfXdTe^g`TdXe

-(,/

B`fX`e\WTWXWXXjb^aeXe ea^TdXe

-(5

B`fX`e\WTWXWX ZgXddTe

+(3

ITfd\_`\a

,(,

^}cg\WaWaeT_Xd\VT`ae

G_Xda WX bXeeaTe bad eaUdX`a_X

Iabg^Tzya

,(.

WXV\WTWXeWae>N:

Fah\_X`fTzXe
MT_T`[a

WX _XdVTWa

< OYZ]dY
/ admkljY
g aehY[lg \g YdlYe]fl] aehjgn}n]d+ @dY
egkljY Yk
[gfljaZma]k \g . hgj []flg kmh]jagj ] \] /- hgj []flg \g lglYd+LmYflg
e]fgj ^gj g ]phg]fl]( eYagj]k k]jg Yk[gfljaZma]k+HYkn]bYg imYflg
g hjg[]kkg k]fkn]d7]flj] .(. ] .(0( hYkkYegk\] 33 hgj []flg \g lglYd

& ?a`fX5

F* >* E+GXi_T`

. $ag _X`ad%
,(0

WX X_bdXeTe

IXeeaTe _adfTe X_ TfTcgXe fXddad\efTe

g ZdTg WXWXe\ZgT^WTWXeXdwa _Xe_a X_ faWTe Te ,1 egUeXzXe Wa ZdwY\Va*Ga _g`Wa ZTgee\T`a(

W\ebTd\WTWXe
WX d\cgXlT Rag X_ cgT^cgXd agfd~ cgT`f\WTWX%W\_\`gX_ cgT`Wa eX a^[T bTdT a faba
Wa ZdwY\Va) Tee\_( U\^\a`wd\aeWXhXd\T_ eXd_T\e \ZgT\e X`fdX e\ Wa cgX ae _\^\a`wd\ae( X ae _\^\a`wd\ae
_T\e \ZgT\e X`fdX e\Wa cgX T V^TeeX_{W\T* KXeg_\`Wa( T Tge|`V\T WX\ZgT^WTWXX_ faWae ae `}hX\e WX
d\cgXlT { Tgfa)e\_\^Td\WTWXXefTf}ef\VT*

.(/

- $Va`fgWa( baee}hX^cgX eX]T

g_ XjbaX`fX _g\fa _X`ad%

$-++0%X Vw^Vg^aeWa bd~bd\a Tgfad*

KgjlYflg( l]f`Y ]e e]fl] im] g ]phg]fl] .(2 meY YhjgpaeYg(

im] \a^[ad\] k]j [Yd[mdY\g(
im] fg fgk \Y\g h]dgk\]mk]k( Yge]fgk
fg ^Y[ade]fl]( ] im] ng[ l]j} me ]jjg \] YegkljY_]e egfkljmgkg+
Qg[ gZk]jnYj} im] g fe]jg \] danjgkim] n]f\]jg eYak \] . ead`g
\] [haYkfg k]j} k]ehj] galg * ]d] hg\] k]j lg YdlgimYflg nafl] gm
lg ZYapgimYflg \gak+

*NGF=EK=

19I;=C9 <F "

3LG=I@FI

19I;=C9 <FJ )(!

3LG=I@FI=J

44(44!&

44(44!
31!

,*,

11!

,*-

/2!

21!

,(.

./!

14!

,(/

-2!

1.!

,(0

--!

03!

,+!

/0!

-(0

1!

.3!

/(1!

./!

J eYakaehgjlYfl] im] g ]phg]fl] [ge]Y Yk]j Yhda[}n]d

YhYjlaj\] Yd*
_me fe]jg [`YeY\g \] !IXUYYU\KX"
] \ar j]kh]alg Yfe]jgk eYagj]k \g
im] ]kk] IXUYYU\KX(
@d]hg\] [ge]Yj ]e /-- ead danjgk(gmlYdn]rYh]fYk]e
1-- ead danjgk+
?Y e]keY ^gjeY( Yjaim]rYhgkkmahjghja]\Y\]k \a^]j]fl]k
Yfl]k \]( \a_Yegk( 3-- ead`]k \] \dYj]k(imYf\g Y\a^]j]fY Yme]flY(\g
im] YZYapg
\]kk] fe]jg+ >geg k] kYZ]imYd g hgflg \] IXUYYU\KX/
Dkkg
me hjgZd]eY+H]mk [gd]_Yk] ]m ljYZYd`Yegk[ge []j[Y \] /- ead`]k
\] h]Yk\] af^gjeYg ^afYf[]ajY+Og\gk lf`Yegk g e]keg [gfbmflg \]
\Y\gk( eYk fmf[Y [gf[gj\}nYegk kgZj] imYd\]n]jaY k]j g ]phg]fl] ]pYlg
]e fgkkgk [gfbmflgk+NYZYegk
im] gk \Y\gk j]n]dYnYemeY d]a^jY[lYd\]
hglf[aY( eYk Yhj]f\]egk im] fg k] hg\] _]jYj me fe]jg hj][akg+HYk
g im] kYZYegk* W[KG JOYZXOH[OedU
f KYIGRb\KR
KLXGIZGR
' ]jY km^a[a]fl]
hYjYim] hm\kk]egk gh]jYj ] lgeYj \][ak]k+

<d_meYkh]kkgYkh]kimakYjYe ] Y[]alYjYe g ^jY[lYd!Yl []jlg hgflg!+

@dYk
Yj_me]flYe im] jaim]rY( n]f\Yk \] danjgk] j]lgjfgk \] e]j[Y\gk
^afYf[]ajgk hgkkm]e me fn]d YhYjlaj \g imYdYk[gakYk\]apYe \] k]j
^jY[lYak+
J im] ]d]k hjgh]e me !ljmf[Ye]flg!+ >gf[gj\g im] ]pakl]
me fn]d ]e im] Y^jY[lYda\Y\]VUYYGhYjYj(eYk imYd ]d]; ?ar]j im]

]skl] me daeal] kmh]jagj( SGY W[K TdU YKOW[dU GRZUKRKf& ] \ar]j im]
TdU Nb ROSOZK
le Yke]keYk [gfk]if[aYk fY hj}la[Y+Kjghgj me daeal]
kmh]jagj YdlYe]fl] afk]_mjg+Qg[ hg\] \ar]j7 !QYegk ]klYZ]d][]j me
daeal] hYjYYjaim]rY \] .2- Zad`]k\] \dYj]k ]e fgkkYkYf}dak]k+!@f*
lg( Yd_mehg\] \ar]j7 !Kgj im] fg .2. Zad`]k; Jm hgj im] fg .2/
Zad`]k;! ?} fg e]keg [gfka\]jYj im] YnYja}n]d adaealY\Y+
(L@<9<F ;FD

$ GI=;@JUF

<hj]f\a Yd_mfkljmim]k h]dY]ph]jaf[aY7 imYdim]j]phg]fl] im] ]m l]fl]

e]\aj k]j} hjgnYn]de]fl] kmh]j]klaeY\g %d]eZj] im] me ]phg]fl] eYak
Ydlgaehda[Y]e me hYh]de]fgj hYjYgk\]knagk _jYf\]k&* g im] ng[ n
l]f\] Yk]j e]fgk hYj][a\g [ge me >akf] I]_jg \g im] g im] ng[ fg
n+>`Yeg akkg\] hjgZd]eY \] eYk[YjYe]flg+
?a_Yegk im] ]m _]j] me hjg[]kkg im] hgkkmame ]phg]fl] \] .(4+
Qg[ fg n g im] ]kl} \]fljg \g e][Yfakeg( kge]fl] gk \Y\gk j]kmd*
lYfl]k+N] ]m h]j_mflYj Yng[ imYdg nYdgj\g ]phg]fl]( hjgn}n]d im]
[gehml] Yd_g]e lgjfg \] /(1+Qg[ Yaf\Y^YjaY
akkge]keg im] lan]kk] .
ead`g \] hgflgk \] \Y\gk+ J eglang \akkg im] d]nYemalg l]ehg hYjY
im] Yd_mfkhjg[]kkgk ^jY[lYakj]n]d]e kmYkhjghja]\Y\]k( ] ng[ kmZ]kla*
eY Yk]n]ja\Y\] \g [`gim]+
wk n]r]k( me ^jY[lYdhg\] ^Yr]j ng[ Y[j]\alYj im] ]d] k]bY_YmkkaYfg(
]kh][aYde]fl] imYf\g g hgflg \] [gjl] [ge]Y ]e me fe]jg Ydlg+
@e
\akljaZma]k
^jY[lYak(
\]knagk]plj]egk \]kk] lahg kg km^a[a]fl]e]fl] jYjgk
hYjY_]jYj ]f_Yfgk7ng[ fg j][gf`][] Y\akljaZmag[geg k]f\g ^jY[lYd+

>geg b}^ganaklg(l]egk \a^a[md\Y\]k]e kYZ]jgkhYj~e]ljgk \] imYdim]j

eg\]dg im] hj]kmean]de]fl] \ajabYg emf\g+ KgjlYflg( fg @plj]eaklg(
g hjgZd]eY \Y af\mg kmj_] gmljYn]r( eYk Y_gjYYaf\YeYak ka_fa^a[Y*
lanYe]fl] \g im] ]e imYdim]j hgflg Yfl]jagj \g danjg+Naehd]ke]fl](
k] me e][Yfakeg ^jY[lYd(hg\] Yhj]k]flYj nYdgj]kYdlgk8hgjlYflg( Y
af[a\f[aY \] \]knagk _jYf\]k hgkkn]d(eYk \a^[adkYZ]j[ge imYdim]j
hj][akg g imYflg kg hgkkn]ak] [ge im] ^j]if[aY \]n]e g[gjj]j+ Dkkg
hYj][a\g [ge g hjgZd]eY \Y hgY\$}_mY7emalgk [mZgk\] _]dg hg\]*
jaYe l*DY_]jY\g+ >geg Yd_me im] hYjl] \Y j]Yda\Y\] hYjYhgkkn]ak

eg\]dgk ]phdYfYljagk(]f[Yjg meY _YeY [gehd]lYe]fl]

\a^]j]fl] \]
hjgZd]eYk ]e j]dYg|im]d]k im] ^Yr]e g [gflj}jag+
<[YZg \] d]j ljk danjgk\] ![af[aY hghmdYj!im] j]kme]e Yh]kimakY
]e kakl]eYk[gehd]pgk7 BHOW[OZ_&
\] HYjc =m[`YfYf( ;GYYG IXhZOIG&
\]
K`adah=Yla(] DN_ ;UYZ ANOTMY
5GOR&
\] KYmd
Jje]jg\+ Jk ljk Ymlgj]k
Yhj]k]flYe g emf\g \Y [af[aY kg[aYd[geg k]f\g j]hd]lg \] d]ak\] hg*
lf[aY( nakg [ge YimYd[]jlYe]fl] [gf[gj\g+ @d]klYeZe Yd]_Yeim]
]pakl] [TO\KXYGROJGJK
]e emalgk \]kk]k ^]fe]fgk( im] ]pakl] meY kaeadY*
ja\Y\] eYjYnad`gkY]flj] n}jagkhjg[]kkgk fY fYlmj]rY] g [gehgjlYe]f*
lg \] _jmhgk kg[aYak([ge g im] [gf[gj\g+ M]^gjYe k]mk]klm\gk [ge
Yk\an]jkYkl]gjaYkkgZj] j]\]k ] egkljYe Y[gjj]khgf\f[aY eYjYnad`gkY
]flj] gk \algk ^]fe]fgk [jla[gkfYk [af[aYkfYlmjYak] YYmlg*gj_YfarY*
g \] _jmhgkkg[aYak+
M]f]e hjg[]kkgk im] _]jYe YnYdYf[`]k([gfl}_agk
kg[aYak] g im] [`YeYe \] [Yk[YlYk
\] af^gjeYg( [ge g im] [gf[gj\g+
< mfan]jkYda\Y\] meY \Yk jYr]k h]dYkimYakgk ^ka[gk[gfka\]jYe Yk
d]ak\] hglf[aY Ykkg[aY\Yk
Yhgflgk [jla[gkhYjla[mdYje]fl] afl]j]kkYfl]k+
@pakl]eemalYkkalmY]k(
lYflg fY l]gjaY\] kakl]eYk\af~ea[gk imYflg fY
e][~fa[Y ]klYlkla[Y(
]e im] emalYk\Ykhjghja]\Y\]k \Y \af~ea[Y ]e lgj*
fg \] hgflgk [jla[gkkg af\]h]f\]fl]k
\gk \]lYd`]k \g kakl]eY\af~ea[g
hgj lj}k \]dYk+J ]phg]fl] fg hgflg [jla[g hg\] k]j a_mYd
hYjYemalgk
kakl]eYkfg e]keg _jmhg(e]keg im] emalgk gmljgkYkh][lgk\g kakl]eY
k]bYe\a^]j]fl]k+ LmYk][gf[gj\g [ge ]kkYfgg \] mfan]jkYda\Y\]+
AafYd*
e]fl]( gk ljk Ymlgj]kfgk ]f[gjYbYe YYhda[Yj
l[fa[Yk \] ^ka[Y
]klYlkla[Y(
]nalYf\g Ylg\g [mklgY][gfge]ljaY ] \akljaZma]kfg*]k[Yd}n]ak\] ]kladg
_YmkkaYfg
[geg k] ^gkk]e hjY_Yk(] ]m [gf[gj\g hd]fYe]fl] [ge akkg+
HYkgk ljk Ymlgj]k(hgj e]ag \Y hjg\mg * gm\Y hjgegg * \Y
hj][akg( [Y]e fY YjeY\ad`Y \] fg \a^]j]f[aYj]e ]flj] gk hjg[]kkgk
hYjYY^j]fl] ] j]n]jkgk %]flj] g hjgZd]eY ] g hjgZd]eY afn]jkg&* hYjY
eae( g eYagj \] lg\gk gk h][Y\gk [a]fl^a[gk] ]hakl]egd_a[gk+@d]kfg
]klg kgraf`gk8 imYk]lg\gk im] ljYZYd`Ye[ge \Y\gk( eYk fg lgeYe
\][ak]k ZYk]Y\Ykf]d]k( l]f\]e
Yk]j [mdhY\gk\g e]keg h][Y\g( meY
nYjaYg\Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY+IY Ymkf[aY\] me hjg[]kkg \] j]khgklY(
gZk]jnYe*k] gk eg\]dgk ] aeY_afY*k]im] ]d]k [gf^ajeYe Yj]Yda\Y\]+
<[j]\alg fYk a\aYk\]kk]k ljk danjgk(eYk fg \Y ^gjeY im] ]klg k]f\g
mkY\Yk* ] []jlYe]fl] fg [ge Yhj][akg im] gk Ymlgj]kYljaZm]e Y
]dYk+IY n]j\Y\]( Yl]gjaY \Y [gehd]pa\Y\] \]n]jaY fgk ^Yr]j kmkh]alYj
SGOY\] Yd]_Y]k[a]fl^a[Yk\] eg\]dgk hj][akgk \Y j]Yda\Y\]+@dY
fg

ljsfk^gjeY lg\gk gk [akf]k ]e ZjYf[gk8akkg hj]nakn]d7]dYgk lgjfY [af*

r]flgk( ] Yh]fYk[afr]flgk+
>geg \akk]( g emf\g( ]hakl]egdg_a[Ye]fl]( dal]jYde]fl] me dm_Yj
\a^]j]fl] hYjYme ]ehajaklY hj}la[g+Ig l]egk g dmpg\] k]flYjeg*fgk
hYjYd]j Y ]imYg im] _gn]jfY g mfan]jsg8 Yh]fYk gZk]jnYegk sY\sk
] ^Yr]egk \]\m]k Y[]j[Y \g im] hg\]fY k]j g hjg[]kkg j]Yd(] [Yda*
ZjYegk! YbmklYf\gY]imYg \] Y[gj\g [ge af^gjeY]k Y\a[agfYak+
w
e]\a\Y im] gk ]n]flgk k] Yhj]k]flYe Yfk( [gehYjYegk g im] n]egk
[ge g im] ]kh]j}nYegk n]j+ ?]k[gZjaj im] Y`akljaYYf\Y hYjYY^j]fl](
fg hYjYlj}k( [gklmeY k]j me hjg[]kkg `mead`Yfl]( ]kh][aYde]fl] hYjY
Yd_meim] ]kl]bY[a]fl] \Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY+Kgj eYak im] k] h]fk] im]
`ge]fk \] f]_[agk l]f`Ye ]_gk _jYf\]k( ]kkYkh]kkgYkkg ^j]i]fl]*
e]fl] `mead`Y\Yk hgj d]eZj]l]k \Yk \a^]j]fYk ]flj] \][akg ] j]kmdlY*
\gk( ]flj] eg\]dgk hj][akgk ] Yj]Yda\Y\]+
@klgm^YdYf\gYimakgZj] ghY[a\Y\]( af[gehd]lm\] \] af^gjeYg( Y
afnakaZada\Y\]\g _]jY\gj \g emf\g+ < `akljaYfg fgk j]n]dYkmYe]fl]
* hj][akYegk Y\anaf`Yj g im] `} \]fljg \]dY+

< a\aYYimaYhj]k]flY\Y da_Ylg\Yk YkhYjl]k \]kl] danjg+@fimYflg emalgk

]klm\Ye hka[gdg_aY(
eYl]e}la[Y gml]gjaY ]ngdm[agf}jaY(] hjg[mjYe hgj
eYf]ajYk \] dm[jYjYhda[Yf\g kmYka\aYkYf]_[agk( km_ajg]pYlYe]fl]
g [gflj}jag7 ]klm\] Yaf[]jl]rY afl]fkY( fg \]eYj[Y\Y ] `mead`Yfl] \gk
e]j[Y\gk [geg e]ag \] gZl]j h]j[]h]k Y[]j[Y \Y fYlmj]rY \Y Yd]Ylg*
ja]\Y\] im] Yhda[}n]d| hka[gdg_aY(
| hjgZYZada\Y\](| eYl]e}la[Y( | l]g*
jaY\] \][ak]k ] Yl| ^ka[Y
]klYlkla[Y+
Qg[ n]j} YkeYfa^]klY]k^mjlanYk
\Y ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY(\Y ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y] gk _jYf\]k ]jjgk \g hdYlgfakeg( \]
k] aj \Y j]hj]k]flYg hYjYYj]Yda\Y\]+
LmYf\g [gf`][a HYf\]dZjgl( h]j_mfl]a*d`] hgj im] me [a]flaklY]klY*
Z]d][a\g [geg ]d]( im] \]n]jaY l]j [gakYkeYaknYdagkYk
Y^Yr]j [ge Yna\Y(
eYfa^]klYjaYafl]j]kk] hgj me lha[g lg nmd_YjimYflg Yk^afYfYk+
@m
Y[`YnYim] ^afYfYk] ][gfgeaY ]jYe Yh]fYkme dm_Yjgf\] k] Yhj]f\aY
YhYjlaj \] \an]jkgk ^]fe]fgk ]ehja[gk ] ]f[`aY*k] Y[gflY ZYf[}jaY\]
\aj(s]ajg \] S" 'YKYfl]k \] k] k]_majhYjY[gakYkeYagj]k ] e]d`gj]k+ < j]k*
hgklY\] HYf\]dZjgl ^ga7!3GJUY&meY eafY \] gmjg \] \Y\gk+! M]Yde]f*
l]( lg\gk ]kim][]e im] ]d] [ge]gm fY ][gfgeaY( Yfl]k \] em\Yj hYjY

Y^ka[Y
] Y_]ge]ljaY \Y fYlmj]rY+OjYZYd`Yj[ge \Y\gk lg YZmf\Yfl]k
\]kh]jlY `mead\Y\] ]e fk( hgakg^]j][] Yaflmag\g k]_mafl] ]jjg7 lja*
d`Yjg [Yeaf`g ]flj] j]hj]k]flYg ] j]Yda\Y\] fY \aj]g ]jjY\Y+
J hjgZd]eY \Y IOXI[RGXOJGJK
JG KYZGZhYZOIG
%im]hg\]egk [`YeYj lYe*
Ze \] Yj_me]flg \g j]_j]kkg ]klYlkla[g&
g k]_mafl]7\a_Yegk im] ng[
hj][ak] \] \Y\gk hYkkY\gkhYjY\]k[gZjaj k] meY \akljaZmag\] hjgZYZada*
\Y\] _YmkkaYfY(
^jY[lYd
gmYd_meYgmljY[gakY+
Qg[ hj][akYj}]klYZ]d][]j
k] hgkkma\Y\gk km^a[a]fl]khYjYkmkl]flYjkmYYd]_Yg+
>geg kYZ]egk k]
l]egk \Y\gk km^a[a]fl]k;< hYjlaj\Y \akljaZmag\] hjgZYZada\Y\]* meY
\akljaZmagj]Yde]fl] \ar k] ng[ hgkkma\Y\gk km^a[a]fl]khYjY![jaYj [gf*
^aYfY!kgZj] g im] ]kl} af^]jaf\g+ N]^gj meY [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg _Ymk*
kaYfY(
]flg Yd_mfkhgflgk +k]jgkm^a[a]fl]k%eYakmeY n]r Yd]a\] _jYf\]k
fe]jgk&+ @[geg kYZ]jk] Y\akljaZmag _YmkkaYfY;
=]e( YhYjlaj\gk \Y*
\gk+KgjlYflg( hj][akYegk im] gk \Y\gk fgk \a_Ye imYd Y\akljaZmag\]
hjgZYZada\Y\](] \] meY \akljaZmag\] hjgZYZada\Y\]hYjY\ar]j*fgk im]
ngdme] \] \Y\gk f][]kk}jag+Dkkg[YmkY
me _jYn]Yj_me]flg \] j]_j]kkg+
@kk]j]_j]kkg fg g[gjj] k] ng[ Y[V[YKXJK GTZKSdUim] Y\akljaZmag
k]bY_YmkkaYfY+
<[gfl][] im]( hgj Yd_meeglang( g _YmkkaYfg
j]n]dYkmYk
hjghja]\Y\]k emalg ^Y[ade]fl]+ ?akljaZma]k\g @plj]eaklg fg ^Yr]e
g e]keg+ KgjlYflg( k]d][agfYj g _YmkkaYfg
]fimYflg k] afng[Y Yd_meY
d]a _]jYdhYj][] k]j [gfq]fa]fl]+ J _YmkkaYfg
mkY\g [geg \akljaZma*
g*hY\jg bmklYe]fl] hgj ]kkYjYrg+ >geg ^a[g j]h]laf\g( hj]kmeaj
kmYYhda[Yg\] Yfl]eg hg\] ^mf[agfYj [ge me fe]jg h]im]fg \]
[Yehgk( [geg ]klYlkla[Yk
[jaeafYak ] lYpYk\] egjlYda\Y\]( im]kl]k \g
H]\ag[jaklg+ HYkfg [ge \Y\gk `aklja[gk \] YljaZmlgk\]k[gf`][a\gk
] lYehgm[g [ge im]kl]k \g @plj]eaklg+
<_gjY( hgj im] gk ]klYlkla[gkim] ljYZYd`Ye [ge \Y\gk `aklja[gk
fg le [gfk[af[aY \]kk] hjgZd]eY; Kjae]ajg( hgjim] fg _gklYe \]
gmnajim] lg\g g k]mf]_[ag ^ga[Yf[]dY\g h]dg hjgZd]eY \Y af\mg+
N]_mf\g( fg kg [gf^jgflY\gk [ge gk j]kmdlY\gk\] kmYkhj]\a]k \]
eYf]ajY ja_gjgkY+>geg naegk [ge Y[geh]lag HYcja\Ycak(]d]k ZY*
k]aYe*k]fY ^Yd}[aY
fYjjYlanY(] fg im]j]e gmnajYj]kh]alg \akkg+

@d]nYj]ag hjgZd]eY me \]_jYm Y[aeY+>geg e]f[agf]a( emalgk eg*

\]dgk hghmdYj]kl]flYe ]phda[YjY_f]k] \g @plj]eaklg+ IY n]j\Y\](

]dkkg Y_jmhY\gk]e \mYk[dYkk]kYehdYk(eYk( g[YkagfYde]fl]( ]pakl]e

eYakYZgj\Y_]fk+< hjae]ajY [dYkk]af[dmag eg\]dg kaehd]k \g lahg ja[gk*
^a[Ye*eYak*ja[gk%gm_jYf\]k*^a[Ye*eYagj]k&im] mkY\ghYjY]phda[Yj
YY_dge]jYg \] h]kkgYk]e lgjfg \Yk [a\Y\]k( g \gefag \g e]j[Y\g
h]dYHa[jgkg^l ] h]dg QCN %]e n]r \Y <hhd] ] \g =]lYeYp&(Y\af~ea*
[Y \] j]hmlY]kY[Y\ea[Yk ]l[+ < k]_mf\Y [dYkk]\ar j]kh]alg Ygim]
[`YeY\g _]f]ja[Ye]fl] \] !eg\]dgk \] ^adljY_]e!( im] ljYlYe fg \g
[gehgjlYe]flg
\g af\an\mg ] kae \g l]jj]fg gf\] ]d] gh]jY+LmYf\g
k] \]jjYeY }_mYkgZj] meY kmh]j^[a]hgjgkY(Y]kljmlmjY\Y kmh]j^[a]
eYakaehgjlYfl] \g im] g dima\g+LmYf\g me _jg \] Yj]aYYlaf_] meY
had`Y\] gmljgk _jgk \] Yj]aY(Ygj_YfarYg\g l]jj]fg g im] \]l]jea*
fY k] `Yn]j} meY YnYdYf[`]+
JZnaYe]fl]( YeYagjaY\gk eg\]dgk l]flY k]j hj][akYe]fl] hj]\alanY(
] fg Yh]fYk\]k[jalanY8akkge] \]apY ^mjagkg+@d]kkg ZgYk^]jjYe]f*
lYkhYjYadmkljYjY_f]k] \g @plj]eaklg( eYk afkaklg im] g !_]jY\gj!
\] j]Yda\Y\] fg hYj][] gZ]\][]j*D`]k lYflg Yhgflg \] lgjf}*Dgk l]ak
hYjYhj]\a]k hj][akYk+<g e]fgk h]dg im] k] hg\] bmd_YjYljYnk\g
im] hg\] k]j ]f[gfljY\g fY dal]jYlmjYYlmYd
kgZj] g l]eY \g @plj]eak*
lg+HYakmeY n]r ]f[YjYegk hjgZd]eYk _jYn]k\] [YdaZjY_]e(]flg k]*
jaYmeY laeY a\aY]nalYj gk ]jjgk [gemfk ^]algkfY [YdaZjY_]e\] me
hjg[]kkg fg daf]Yj+G]eZj] im] hjg[]kkgk fg daf]Yj]khgkkm]e _jYmk
eYagj]k \] daZ]j\Y\] \g im] gk daf]Yj]k %[geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg..&(
[ge Yaehda[Yg \] im] ng[ [gjj] _jYf\] jak[g \] mkYjg eg\]dg ]j*
jY\g+ <af\Y Ykkae(\] n]r ]e imYf\g ng[ k] \]hYjY [ge me danjggm
[ge Yjla_gkim] \]^]f\]e
YYhda[Yg\] eg\]dgk \] ^ka[Y
]klYlkla[Y
v
j]Yda\Y\]+=]dgkdanjgk([geg g \] K`adah=Ydd(
admkljYe] af^gjeYe( eYk
fg \]n]jaYe d]nYjYeg\]dgk imYflalYlangkhj][akgk+Ig gk Y[]al] h]dg
im] YhYj]flYe k]j+
HYkn]bYegk g im] VUJKSUYYhj]f\]j [ge ]kk]keg\]dgk+
.9@J LD9 M=P"LD9 JFCLVUF >=C@P

Kjae]ajg( Yghj]kmeaj ]k[YdYZada\Y\](

Y[]alg im] me fe]jg YjZaljYjaY*
e]fl] Ydlg hgkkn]d+@e gmljYkhYdYnjYk(
Yk\a^]j]fYk fg \]n]jaYe
hYjYjY[aeY\] me daeal] e}paeg IUTNKIOJU(
?a_Yegk im] g danjgJ IiJOMUJG COTIOl]f`Y n]f\a\g []j[Y \] 3- ea*
d`]k \] [haYk+%<=ZdaY
n]f\]m []j[Y \] . Zad`g \] [haYk(eYk nYegk

a_fgj}*DY] daealYj]egk fgkkY Yf}dak] Ydanjgk dYa[gk]k[jalgk hgj Ymlgj]k

af\ana\mYak+&<h]kYj \] bYeYakl]jegk naklg me danjg im] l]f`Y n]f\a\g
/-- ead`]k \] [haYk( hg\]egk [gfka\]jYj im] lYdhgkkaZada\Y\] fg k]bY
r]jg+ @dY h]im]fY( eYk fg r]jg+ KYjY[Y\Y ljk Z]kl k]dd]jk [geg J
IiJOMUJG COTIO&
hg\] `Yn]j me kmh]jZ]kl k]dd]j( ] Yh]kYj \] f]f`me
l]j
YhYj][a\g Yl Y_gjY(fg hg\]egk
]p[dmaj lYdhgkkaZada\Y\]+@hYjY [Y\Y
*, 2iJOMUYJG COTIO`Yn]j} me kmh]jZ]kl k]dd]j im] n]f\]j}( \a_Yegk(
2-- ead`]k \] [haYk+
<hdaim] Y e]keY d_a[Y | jaim]rY+ ?a_Yegk im] Y h]kkgY eYak ja[Y
\g emf\g l]f`Y me hYljaefag \] 2- Zad`]k \] \dYj]k+ @pakl] meY
hjgZYZada\Y\] fg*f]_da_]f[a}n]d \] im] fg hjpaeg Yfg kmjbY\g fY\Y
Yd_me [ge .-- Zad`]k gm eYak+KYjY[Y\Y ljk h]kkgYk fg emf\g [ge
eYak \] 2- Zad`]k( hg\]jaY `Yn]j meY [ge .-- Zad`]k gm eYak+C} meY
hjgZYZada\Y\] emalg e]fgj \] `Yn]j Yd_me [ge eYak \] /-- Zad`]k \]
\dYj]k * me l]jg \Y hjgZYZada\Y\] Yfl]jagj( eYk Yaf\Y Ykkae \a^]j]fl]
\] r]jg+ @pakl]Yl meY hjgZYZada\Y\] \aeafmlY( eYk eYagj im] r]jg( \]
`Yn]j Yd_me [ge eYak \] 2-- Zad`]k+
Dkkg\ar g k]_mafl] hYjYeae7 hgkkg ^Yr]j af^]jf[aYk kgZj] [gakYkim]
fg n]bg ]e e]mk \Y\gk( eYk ]kkYk[gakYkYaf\Y \]n]e h]jl]f[]j
Yg mfa*
n]jkg \] hgkkaZada\Y\]k+@pakl] me Z]kl k]dd]j afnakn]d ]e Yd_me dm_Yj(
Ymk]fl] \] \Y\gk hYkkY\gk(eYk im] hj][akY k]j d]nY\g ]e [gfka\]jYg+
G]eZj]*k] \] e]m hgflg fg >Yhlmdg.07 ]d] lgjfY afn]klae]flgk ]e me
danjg gm ]e me e]\a[Ye]flg
e]d`gj \g im] ]klYlkla[YkZYk]Y\Yk]e
\Y\gk hYkkY\gk hg\]e
km_]jaj+ HYk ]d] lgjfY Ykh]j\Yk fg e]j[Y\g
\]
Y]k hagj]k \g im] g hYkkY\g egkljY+
Bm]jjYk kg ^jY[lYakhgj fYlmj]rY+ PeY _m]jjY im] eYl] eYak h]kkgYk
\g im] Y\]nYklY\gjY N]_mf\Y Bm]jjY Hmf\aYd hgkkn]d* fg hjgn}*
n]d( eYk lYeZe fg meY hjgZYZada\Y\] r]jg( Yh]kYj \] lYd_m]jjY fmf[Y
l]j Y[gfl][a\g fg hYkkY\g(
N]_mf\g( Yhj]k]flYj]a meY admkljYg\Y fYlmj]rY im] e] Ybm\Yj}Y
\]^]f\]j
g hgflg kgZj] hj][akg+ PeY egflYf`Y ( \] []jlg eg\g( hY*
j][a\Y [ge meY h]\jY7 ]dYhgkkmameY Y^afa\Y\] [ge meY h]\jY( meY
k]e]d`YfY ^YeadaYj(eYk fg a\fla[Y+ < hYdYnjYhYjY \]k[j]n]j lYakk]*
e]d`YfYk G[ZU'GLOTOJGJK&
] fg Yhj][akY G[ZU'YOSORGXOJGJK&
eYk HYf*
\]dZjgl l]n] \a^a[md\Y\]k ]e [gemfa[Yj Ya\aY \] Y^afa\Y\]( ] g l]jeg
G[ZU'YOSORGX
]khYd`gm*k] [ge Y[gfglYg \] k]e]d`YfY hj][akY ]e n]r
\] k]e]d`YfY ^YeadaYj+<kkae [geg [ge YegflYf`Y ] Yh]\jY( Y \ak*

ljaZmaJ \] jaim]rY Y[aeY \s . Zad`g +\]X\dYj]k fg ]p+YlYs]sl7 Y

e]keY im] Y \akljaZmag YZYDSJ\] . Zdd`Yg(eYk Yk\mYk \dklfZPdg]k
le

meY !Y^afa\Y\]!+
O]j[]ajg( ]m \akk] im] \]n]e
]paklaj emalgk Yjla_gk fg emf\g
\Y
][gfg^ka[Y %YYhda[Yg \] ^ka[Y]klYlkla[YY ^]fe]fgk kg[aYak] ][g*
fea[gk& nakYf\g Y lYd[YdaZjY_]e ] Y ]pljYg \] fe]jgk
\g emf\g
\gk ^]fe]fgk+ Hmalgk l]flYe k]j hj]\alangk+ Df^]dare]fl]( fg kgegk
[YhYr]k \] hj]n]j !ljYfka]k! hYjY [jak]k gm [gfl}_agk+ H]m Yea_g ?a*
\a]j Ngjf]ll] l]flY [gfkljmaj eg\]dgk hj]\alangk( gk imYakYeg( ]p[]lg
im] fg hgkkg mk}*dgkhYjY ^Yr]j hj]nak]k * eYk( hgj ^Yngj( fg \a_Y
akkg hYjY ]d]8 ]d] hg\] hYjYj \] [gfkljm*dgk+ Lm] ]m fg hgkkY mladar}*
dgk [geg ]d] hj]l]f\]
fg afnYda\Yk]m ljYZYd`g( Yh]fYk ^Yr [ge im] Yk
afl]jhj]lY]k j]im]ajYe me h]fkYe]flg
YZ]jlg( \a^]j]fl] \] eg\]dgk
\Y ][gfgeaY [gfn]f[agfYd im] kg ^mf\Ye]flYde]fl]
^Yd`gk+Kg\]egk
k]j [YhYr]k \] 78Yaj*fgkZ]e [ge Yd_mfk\gk ^]fe]fgk \] Ngjf]ll]( eYk
fg [ge lg\gk+

@k[j]na ]kl] danjg afl]ajg kgZj] g >akf] I]_jg+ Dkkgfg k] \]m hgjim] ]k*
lgm YhYapgfY\g h]dg >akf] I]_jg * [geg `meYfaklY( ]m g g\]ag+ J\]ag
YeYagj hYjl] \Y afbmklaY] \gk \Yfgk im] ]d] [YmkY+
KgjlYflg( ]m _gklYjaY
\] ]daeafYj emalgk >akf]k I]_jgk( gm Yg e]fgk eala_Yj k]mk ]^]algk ]
]klYj hjgl]_a\g \]d]k+ < Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] ^jY[lYd meY ^gjeY \] j]\mraj lYak
kmjhj]kYk( \] ^Yr]j [ge im] Yd_mfk[akf]k hYj]Ye hgkkn]ak(hgj Ykkae
\ar]j( \] ^Yr]j [ge im] l]f`Yegk [gfk[af[aY \] kmYk[gfk]if[aYk(
\]
lgjf}*dgk [afr]flgk+ ;GY GGRKGZUXOKJGJK
LXGIZGR
TdUULKXKIK
XKYVUYZGY
VXKIO'
YGY(Jk Z]f]^[agk Yimakg gk k]_mafl]k7 k] ng[ kgmZ]j im] g e]j[Y\g \]
Y]k VUJKim]ZjYj( [geg Y[gfl][]m ]e .654( ]flg lYd]n]flg fg me
>akf] I]_jg+ < im]ZjY \Y =gdkY\] .654 fg me U[ZROKX&
k] ng[ mladarY
me ^jY[lYd[ge me ]phg]fl] \] ljk+ N] ng[ kgmZ]j im] [gehYf`aYk \]
Zagl][fgdg_aY hg\]e \]k]fngdn]j me e]\a[Ye]flg
im] k]j} me e]_Yk*
km[]kkg \] n]f\Yk( eYagj \g im] lg\gk gk im] lan]egk Yl `gb]( ]flg
akkg fg k]j} me >akf] I]_jg( ] ng[ fg ^a[Yj} kmjhj]kg k] lYd\jg_Y
77lhYj][]j+
<kkae( gk ^jY[lYak\] HYf\]dZjgl h]jeal]e*fgk
[gfka\]jYj Yd_mfk
>akf]k I]_jgk( eYk fg lg\gk+ >geg ]m b} \akk]( Yd_mfk>akf]k I]_jgk

kmj_]e hgjim] a_fgjYegk ^gfl]k \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]+Jmljgk kmj_]e imYf*

\g kmh]j]klaeYegk g ]phg]fl] ^jY[lYd+
Pe [akf] [afr]flg \ar j]kh]alg Y
]n]flgk ]plj]egk eg\]d}n]ak( me [akf] f]_jg \ar j]kh]alg Y\]k[gf`][a*
\gk \]k[gf`][a\gk+ $
N]fl]a*e] ] \ak[mlaakkg[ge g _jYf\] `ge]e
]( [geg \] [gklme](
Y\ak[mkkglgjfgm*k] me bg_g daf_kla[g+Ig >Yhlmdg6( Yhj]k]fl]a Y
\aklafg im] gk ][gfgeaklYk ^Yr]e ]flj] Yaf[]jl]rY cfa_`laYfY %af[ge*
hml}n]d&] g jak[g cfa_`laYfg %[gehml}n]d&8lYd\aklafg fg hg\] k]j
meY a\aYlg gja_afYdYhgflg \] ]klYj Ymk]fl] \] fgkkg ng[YZmd}jag(]
hgj akkghjg[mjYegk hgj ]dY]e ^jYf[k+HYf\]dZjgl e]f[agfgm me \]
k]mkYea_gk ] `]jak hjglglha[gk( g eYl]e}la[g Yjaklg[jYlYHYj[]d*KYmd
N[`lr]fZ]j_]j( me ]jm\alg ^afg im] %[geg ]kk] Ymlgj&^a[YnY
]fl]\aY\g
^Y[ade]fl] ] fg [gfk]_maYljYZYd`Yj]e hjgZd]eYk Yde \] k]mkhgflgk
\] j]lgjfgk [Y\Yn]r e]fgj]k+ N[`lr]fZ]j_]j afkaklaYfY \aklafg [dYjY
fY df_mY^jYf[]kY]flj] NGYGXJ] LUXZ[OZU
7GYGXJ&\g }jYZ] G`'`NGX&km_]*
j]( [geg GRKG&
\Y\gk * Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]ljYl}n]d8LUXZ[OZ
e]m >akf] I]_jg
* g hmjYe]fl] Y[a\]flYd] aehj]naklg+ Agegk Yg\a[agf}jag >KZOZ
?UHKXZ.
Y\aklafg ]pakl] ]^]lanYe]fl] f]d]+ 5UXZ[OZVGXKIK
[gjj]khgf\]j | eaf`Y
ghY[a\Y\] ]haklea[Y( R"OSVXf\[ KZTUT W[GTZOLOGHRK.
NGYGXJYglahg eYak
d\a[g \] af[]jl]rY im] ^gahjghgklg h]dg >`]nYda]j \] Hj fY dal]jYlmjY
afa[aYdkgZj] bg_gk\] YrYj+IglYn]de]fl]( gk }jYZ]khg\]e l]j afljg\mra*
\g gmljYhYdYnjY
YgjYeg \Y af[]jl]rY7 XO`Q&
im] ka_fa^a[Yhjghja]\Y\]+
M]halg7HYf\]dZjgl da\Y[ge [akf]k [afr]flgk8 ]m da\g [ge g >akf]
I]_jg+ KgjlYflg( HYf\]dZjgl \ge]kla[gm emalgk \gk e]mk >akf]k I]*
_jgk( eYk fg lg\gk( f]e [gehd]lYe]fl]+ HYk]d] fgk egkljY me Zjad`g
\] ]kh]jYfY [ge k]melg\g( meY ^gjeY \] k] [ge]Yj Yh]fkYj kgZj]
gk hjgZd]eYk \Y af[]jl]rY+ >ge ]^]alg( ng[ ]klYj}emalg eYak k]_mjg k]
kgmZ]jgf\] gk YfaeYakk]dnY_]fk]klg+

GEQ_TUMP/IWISSITI

9= 69?.9=
/0 69.50# 9? .?<@,= 8,
19<7,
/0 =489 89= 6?2,<0= 0<<,/9="

g PT^+ &

9T@KPTDQ
TL ONCDUHQ
YRDQ
OQDRHCDMSD
& J KDF@CN
CD,KEQDC
7NADK

* J ODQ_NCN
LDCHDU@K

@ml]f`g \gak ]kl\agk ]e eaf`Y [YkY7me \] n]j\Y\]( [ge danjgkaf*

l]j]kkYfl]k ] eYl]jaYddal]j}jag(] gmljg fg*dal]j}jag( gf\] fg _gklg \]
ljYZYd`Yj(
hYjYgf\] j]d]_g im]kl]k hjgkYa[Yk] \] [gf[]fljYg ]klj]alY+
Ig ]kl\ag fg*dal]j}jag ]pakl] meY hYj]\] j]hd]lY \] danjgkkgZj] ]klYlk*
la[Y] Y`akljaY\Y ]klYlkla[Y(
danjgkim] fmf[Y lan] Y[gjY_]e \] im]aeYj
gm\] bg_Yj^gjY(Yh]kYj\] [gfka\]j}*dgk dYj_Ye]fl] afl]ak ^gjY\] kmYk
Yhda[Y]k
Y[Y\ea[Yk %>Yjf]Y\]k(>[]jg ] Agm[`]j kYZ]e emalg eYak
kgZj] hjgZYZada\Y\]\g im] lg\gk ]kk]kngdme]k hk]m\g*kg^akla[Y\gk&+
Ig
[gfka_g mk}*dgk
fY kYdY
\] YmdY
hgjim] hjge]la Yeae e]keg im] fmf[Y
]fkafYjaYdapg(e]keg im] ]klan]kk]egjj]f\g
\] ^ge]+ Kgj im] fg hgk*
kg mk}*dgk;I]f`me
\]kk]k danjgkda\Y[ge g @plj]eaklg+ I]f`me+ Jk
hgm[gk danjgkim] g ^Yr]e fg ^gjYe ]k[jalgk ONQ]klYlkla[gk(] kae hgj

@kkY meY admkljYgkaehd]k \g hgflg _]jYd\]kl] danjg kgZj] ^afYfYk] ][gfgeaY+ N] ng[
fg Y[j]\alYj fY Yhda[Yg\Y [mjnY fY ^gjeY \] kafg YnYja}n]akkg[aYak(] k]( [geg emalgk
hjg^akkagfYak(b} ]klan]j [gfn]f[a\g
\] im] Y l]gjaY ^afYf[]ajY !eg\]jfY!
meY [af[aY
h]ja_gkY im] fg hYkkY\] dapg(hg\] hmdYj]kl] [Yhlmdg[ge k]_mjYfY+

HL EHN<HL

^ka[gk]klYlkla[gk+
@klYegk]fkafYf\g |k h]kkgYkelg\gk \g H]\ag[jak*
lg ] kgdlYf\g*Ykfg @plj]eaklg+ y [geg \]k]fngdn]j me j]e\ag hYjY
hdYflYk] Yhda[}*Dg
]e `meYfgk+ Ig \] k] kmjhj]]f\]j im] [gjjYegk g
eYagj jak[g \] lg\gk7 da\Yegk [ge W[KYZkKY
W[KVKXZKTIKSGU4^ZXKSOYZdU
(
SGY W[KYdUZXGZGJGY
IUSU YKVKXZKTIKYYKS
GU;KJOUIXOYZdU&
[geg meY
!YhjgpaeYg!+
>]fl]fYk \] ead`Yj]k \] ]klm\Yfl]k ]e ^Y[md\Y\]k\] ][gfgeaY ] ]e
\]hYjlYe]flgk \] [af[aYk kg[aYak\] >af_YhmjYYPjZYfY*>`YehYa_f(
Ykkae[geg h]kkgYkfg emf\g \gk f]_[agk( [gflafmYe Y]klm\Yj e*
lg\gk ![a]fl^a[gk!( lg\gk ZYk]Y\gkfg _YmkkaYfg(
lg\gk af[jmklY\gk fY
^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y+
@kl][Yhlmdg]pYeafY gk \]kYklj]k im] ZjglYe \Y Yhda[Yg\] eYl]*
e}la[Y ^YbmlY
| [af[aY kg[aYd+
J lha[g j]Ydhg\] k]j gk h]ja_gk ljYra\gk
hYjYYkg[a]\Y\] h]dYY[Y\]eaY km][Yim] [gf[]\] g Kjeag IgZ]d+

M]lge]egk | `akljaY\] eaf`Y na\Y fg emf\g \gk f]_[agk+ JZk]jn]

g _j}^a[g fY Aa_mjY.1+Igk dlaegk [afi]flY Yfgk(gk \]r \aYkeYak ]p*
lj]egk fgk e]j[Y\gk ^afYf[]ajgk j]hj]k]flYe e]lY\] \gk j]lgjfgk+ ?]r
\aYk]e [afi]flY Yfgk+@fimYflg akkg(]klYegk YlgdY\gk]e ^mlada\Y\]k+
>dYjYe]fl]( imYdim]jh]kkgYim] im]ajY eYak \g im] g fe]jg ]d]*
nY\g \] k]akka_eYk[geg hjgnY \] im] gk e]j[Y\gk kg \g @plj]eaklg
hj][akY l]j Y [YZ]Y]pYeafY\Y+ ?]r]fYk \] Yjla_gkegkljYe Y afY\]*
imYg \Y ^YedaY
_YmkkaYfY
\] \akljaZma]k] YfYlmj]rY ]k[Yd}n]d\gk
e]j[Y\gk+ G]eZj]*k] im]( Ygdgf_g \gk Yfgk(]m e]keg mk]a]klYlkla[Yk
hYjYlj}k ] hYjYY^j]fl] [ge ZYk]]e /- ead`]k \] h]Yk\] \Y\gk im]
e] ^ar]jYe ]p][jYj imYdim]jh]kkgYim] ^Yd]kgZj] e]j[Y\gk ]e l]jegk
_YmkkaYfgk+
HYklg\g emfag l]e \a^a[md\Y\]k]e \Yj g kYdlghYjY[ge*
hj]]f\]j Yk[gfk]if[aYk \]kk] [gf`][ae]flg+
J eYak ]kljYf`g im] Ykh]kkgYkfg emf\g \gk f]_[agk [gklmeYe
[gf[gj\Yj [gea_g imYf\g e] ]k[mlYe gme] n]e \]^]f\]f\g
eaf`Y
hgkag+HYk(imYf\g ng Yg]k[jaljag fg \aYk]_mafl]( j]lgeYe |k ^]j*
jYe]flYk _YmkkaYfYk
im] ]klg lg ^ajeY\Yk]e k]mk`}Zalgk+NmYk
e]fl]k
kg \gefag*\]h]f\]fl]k(
\] ^gjeY im] hg\]e ]p]j[alYj h]fkYe]flg
[jla[g ]e meY [gf^]jf[aY k]e ^Yr]j g e]keg fg ]k[jaljag+ <de \g
eYak( Yk^]jjYe]flYk _YmkkaYfYk
^gjf][]e fe]jgk Y]dYk(g im] hYj][]

=> EH<D>(

HN <NKO:L

G:

?HKF:

=> LBGH GHL

EN@:K>L

>KK:=HL

&'$

! ]d`gj \g im] fY\Y!+ < e]\a\Y j]kmdlYfl] \] af[]jl]rY ^mlmjYkY*

k]j e
(
$
+
+ #Y\
( Z\]k]E$gaf[jmklY\g \] NDehdD^a[Yj(
e]keg im] DNNJ
kd_e dim] ]k*
ldNdYr
g
+
+
me fa[g fe]jg im]kl]k im] kg f[Yk \]eYDNhYjYk]j]e
hj]e]j ]e
\]k[jalYk \]kkY^gjeY+
! KI9@VUF$
%' =J;I@KLITI@F

>gf[dmg >Yhlmdg. [ge Yim]ZjY \g e]j[Y\g \] Y]k\] .654( g im]

e] h]jealam h]jk]_maj Y_j]kkanYe]fl] Ya\aY\g >akf] I]_jg+ Gg_g \]*
gak\Y im]ZjY( imYf\g Y^aje]a im] Yim]d]kim] mladarYnYeka_eYk%gm
s]bY(\]knagk hY\j]k& [geg e]\a\Y \g _jYm\] jak[g ] \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]
]jYe [`YjdYl]k(lg\gk [gf[gj\YjYe [gea_g+ N] g emf\g \Yk ^afYfYk
^gkk]_YmkkaYfg(
me ]hak\ag [geg Yim]ZjY \Y =gdkY%eYak\g im] nafl]
\]knagk hY\j]k& Y[gfl][]jaY meY n]r Y[Y\Y emalgk Zad`]k \] n]r]k g
l]ehg \] na\Y \g mfan]jkg %gZk]jn]g ]p]ehdg \Y YdlmjYfg >Yhlmdg
.2&+?] Y[gj\g [ge Yk[aj[mfkl~f[aYk\] .654( Ykh]kkgYkY[]alYjYeim]
]n]flgk jYjgk Y[gfl][]e ] kg Yhjaf[ahYd^gfl] \] af[]jl]rY+ @dYk
Yh]fYk
fg laf`Ye afl]fg \] \]kaklaj \g _YmkkaYfg
[geg ^]jjYe]flY []fljYd
\] e]\ag * !@a(fg l]egk fY\Y Yde \akkg!+<k h]kkgYkim]j]e me
fe]jg ]e im] hgkkYe k] Yf[gjYj+Ig ]flYflg( gk \gak elg\gk kg
dg_a[Ye]fl] af[gehYln]ak+

.2--

>d+
N%

KX_ahX`Wa ae WXl _T\adXe _ah\_X`fTzXe WXg_ W\TWa_XdVTWaWXTzXe Wae>efTWaeN`\Wae`ae

^f\_ae V\`cX`fT T`ae( hX_ae g_T ZdT`WXW\YXdX`zTX_ dXfad`ae) _Te( T\`WT Tee\_( Te Y\`T`zTe
<a`hX`V\a`T\e h|X_ XeeXeeT^faeWXg_ W\TVa_a _XdTe T`a_T^\Te* $>eeX TbX`Te g_ WX_g\fae
fXefXebTdXV\Wae*
:bXeTd WXeXdUTefT`fX Va`h\`VX`fX X_ g_T ^X\fgdTVTegT^*Xj\efX_ agfdae_g\fa _T\e
Va`h\`VX`fXe Waba`fa WXh\efT_TfX_wf\Va* Va_a T \`V\W|`V\T WXXhX`fae WXl e\Z_Te*%

N]e im] ]m kgmZ]kk](.654 fg ^gaY hjae]ajY n]r im] ^gaegkljY*

\g im] Ya\aY\g _YmkkaYfg
]jY dgm[mjY+
HYf\]dZjgl hjghkg ]k[Yd}n]d
Yg ]klYZdak`e]fl ][gfea[g ]e lgjfg \] .63-( Yde \] l]j egkljY\g
[geg Y[mjnY_YmkkaYfY
fg k] Y\]imYnYYgkhj]gk TGW[KRG
fVUIG(HYk(
\]hgak \] k] j][mh]jYj]e \Y ]ehgd_Yg( ]d]k h]j[]Z]jYe im] l]jaYe
\] j]Yhj]f\]j k]mljYZYd`g+Pe \gk ][gfgeaklYk af^dm]fl]k \Y hg[Y( g
^afY\g KYmd
>gglf]j( ]k[j]n]m7 !HYf\]dZjgl( [geg g hjae]ajg*eafakljg
>`mj[`add ^]r Yfl]k \]d]( hjge]l]m*fgk fg meY mlghaY(] kae kYf_m](
kmgj(ljYZYd`g] d}_jaeYk+N] ]d] ]klan]j []jlg( imYk]lg\Yk Yk^]jjYe]f*
lYk]klYlkla[Yk
]klg gZkgd]lYkVgmW
k]e k]fla\g+! Kjghgf`g \mYk[gj*
j]]k | \][dYjYg \] >gglf]j+ Kjae]ajg( _gklYjaY\] kmZklalmajW[GYK
ZUJGY
hgj ZUJGY(
N]_mf\g( \ak[gj\g [ge g f]_[ag \] kYf_m]] kmgj+<[`g
Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] \] HYf\]dZjgl [gfka\]jYn]de]fl] eYak ^}[ad\] k] ]f*
l]f\]j \g im] Y]klYlkla[Y
[gfn]f[agfYd+ N] ng[ ^gj j][e*[`]_Y\g Yg
jYeg( fg \]h]f\Y \Yk ^]jjYe]flYk l]ja[Yk Yfla_Yk] fg l]f`Y meY
_jYf\] ]ph][lYlanY\] []jl]rY+

@(Y_gjY(meY Zj]n] `akljaY \g Kjeag !IgZ]d! \] ][gfgeaY( im] ^ga

^mf\Y\g h]dg =Yf[g \Y Ns[aY]e `ge]fY_]e
Y<d^j]\ IgZ]d( im] hg\]
]klYj Y_gjY(k]_mf\g kmY^YedaY(
im] \]k]bY YYZgdag\g hjlfag( jg*
dYf\g \] \]k_gklg fg lemdg+ Pe e]eZjg YlanaklY
\Y ^YedaY
\]^af] g
hjeag [geg me _gdh] \] j]dY]khZda[Yk^]alghgj ][gfgeaklYk nakYf*
\g [gdg[Yj k]m[Yehg ]e me fn]d eYak Ydlg\g im] g e]j][a\g+ q Z]e
n]j\Y\] im] g hjeag ^ga\Y\g hYjYYd_mfkh]fkY\gj]k nYdagkgk(
[geg
g hka[dg_g ]ehja[g ?Yfa]d FY`f]eYf ] g ][gfgeaklY h]fkYfl] Aja]*
\ja[` CYq]c+HYkg [geal Y\imajamg `}Zalg \] ]flj]_Yj Kjeagk IgZ]d
|im]d]k im] !ljYr]e ja_gj! Yghjg[]kkg [ge hk]m\g[af[aY ] eYl]e}la[Y
^YbmlY+
3KVUOY\Y im]ZjY \g e]j[Y\g \] Y]k(hj]eaYjYe \gak l]ja[gk(
CYjjq HYjcgoalr ] RaddaYe N`Yjh]( im] [gfkljmjYe eg\]dgk daf\Y*
e]fl] hdYlfa[gk
[ge ZYk]_YmkkaYfY(
[gfljaZmaf\g hYjYg im] [`YeY*
\g \] Hg\]jfY O]gjaY\] <\eafakljYg \] >Yjl]ajYk+Naehd]ke]fl]( k]
ng[ j]egn]j Ykhj]kkmhgka]k_YmkkaYfYk
\]d]k ] ljYlYjgk hj]gk [geg
k] ^gkk]e ]k[Yd}n]ak(g im] j]klY Yh]fYk ^Yf^Yjja[]+H >geal IgZ]d
hg\]jaY l]j l]klY\g gk eg\]dgk \] N`Yjh] ] HYjcgoalr * ]d]k^mf[agfYe
lYflg imYflg ^Ydkgk
j]e\agk eadY_jgkgkn]f\a\gk fY Dfl]jf]l *( eYk

+* me ]e @klg[gdeg hYj][] l]j h]fkY\g fakkg+H [geal lYeZe fg

fddd_
+$
+X
+
n]ag Yfk( hjYla[Yfl]k(hYjYh]\aj fgkkYkghddddJ]k8
]e n]r \aNNJ([gflgm
[ge me hjg[]kkg Y[Y\ea[g \] YnYdaYg
im]( ]e Yd_meYk\ak[ahdafYk(
hg\] k]j [gjjmhlg Yl Ye]\mdY+?]hgak \Y hj]eaYg( ^armeY hj]nakg7
!@e me emf\g ]e im] ]kk]k\gak j][]Z]e g IgZ]d( lm\g hg\] Y[gfl]*
[]j+ LmYdim]jme hg\] naj Yk]j hj]ka\]fl]+!
KgjlYflZ( g =Yf[g \Y Nm[aY] Y<[Y\]eaY IgZ]d kg YehdYe]fl]
j]khgfk}n]ak hgj \Yj]e [j\alg Ygmkg\Y Hg\]jfY O]gjaY\] <\eafak*
ljYg \] >Yjl]ajYk_YmkkaYfY(
hgak Ykafklalma]kY[gfka\]jYjYe meY
laeY YZgj\Y_]e hYjYk] hjgl]_]j]e+ Q]f\]\gj]k
\] kg^loYj] n]f\]*
jYe elg\gk ![gjgY\gk [ge g IgZ]d! hgj ead`]k \] \dYj]k+>geg
k]jaYhgkkn]d]jjYj mladarYf\g*gk;>mjagkYe]fl]( lg\gk fg emf\g \gk
f]_[agk kYZaYeafa[aYde]fl] im] Ya\aY]jY meY ^jYm\](eYk Ykh]kkgYk
Y[gklmeYe*k] [ge lYakelg\gk+ <dYf Bj]]fkhYf( hj]ka\]fl] \g A]\]jYd
M]k]jn] =Yfc( kmhgklYe]fl] \]apgm ]k[YhYj7!Kj]^ajg l]j Y ghafag \]
me gh]jY\gj \g im] Y\] me eYl]e}la[g+! @fimYflg akkg(YHg\]jfY
O]gjaY\] <\eafakljYg \] >Yjl]ajYk[ge]gm Y]khYd`Yj*k]+
M]h]laj]a
g k]_mafl] Yl ^a[Yjjgm[g7 g im] \]l]jeafY g \]klafg \] meY l]gjaY fY
[af[aY kg[aYd g [gfl}_ag( fg kmYnYda\Y\]+
N h]j[]Za eYak lYj\] im] hjg^]kkgj]k \] ^afYfYk[ge lj]afYe]flg
_YmkkaYfg
]klYnYe Ykkmeaf\g g [gfljgd] \Yk ^Y[md\Y\]k\] ][gfgeaY(
hgjlYflg lYeZe \gk hjg_jYeYk \] H=<( ] hjg\mraf\g []j[Y \] .-- ead
]klm\Yfl]k hgj Yfg Yh]fYkfgk @klY\gkPfa\gk( lg\gk nlaeYk\] dYnY_]e
[]j]ZjYd ^]alYhgj meY l]gjaY \] Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajYk^YbmlY+
I]*
f`meY gZk]jnYg]ehja[Y hg\]jaY aeh]\aj Y]ha\]eaY+ KYj][aYe]d`gj
]fkafYj Ygk]klm\Yfl]k meY l]gjaYZYk]Y\YfY [mjnY_YmkkaYfY
\g im] fg
d`]k ]fkafYj l]gjaY Yd_meY+
KYj][aYeYak ![a]fl^a[g! \g im] d`]k g^]j][]j
g im] MgZ]jl >+H]jlgf %^ad`g
\g kg[adg_gMgZ]jl F+H]jlgf( im] \ak[mla*
egk Yfl]jagje]fl]& [`Yegm \] !Yf]\glY!+ H]jlgf ]k[j]n]m im] Yfl]k \Y
l]gjaY \] Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajYkYk^afYfYk]jYe !meY [gd]g \]
Yf]\glYk( j]_jYk hj}la[Yk] eYfahmdY]k\] \Y\gk [gfl}Z]ak!+ < l]gjaY
\] Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajYkh]jealam !Y ]ngdmg kmZk]i]fl] \]kkY
eak[]d~f]Y [gf[]almYd hYjYmeY l]gjaY ][gfea[Y ja_gjgkY!+KYjYim]
k] l]f`Y meY fgg \g _jYm\] k]ja]\Y\] afl]d][lmYd]fngdna\Y ] hYjYk]
[gehYjYj Y][gfgeaY f]g[d}kka[Y[ge meY [af[aY eYak`gf]klY( [gfka*
\]j] Yk]_mafl] \][dYjYg \g hYa\Y e]\a[afY eg\]jfY \g k[mdgSDS(
>dYm\] =]jfYj\7 !AYlgkhgj ]fimYflg( eYk [ge YkhajY]k[a]fl^a[Yk

hYjYeYaklYj\]+! Jk ][gfgeaklYk \]n]jaYe k]j ]fnaY\gk hYjYY^Y[md\Y\]

\] e]\a[afY+
<kkae( Y [mjnY _YmkkaYfY'
af^daljgm*k]fY [mdlmjY\] f]_[agk ] fY
[a]fl^a[Y(] l]jegk [eg YOMSG&
\GXOcTIOG&
JKY\OU'VGJXdU&
IUXXKRGedU&
?
W[GJXGJU] Y]hfaeY ZG^G@NGXVK&
lg\gk da_Y\gk\aj]lYe]fl] Y]dY(af*
^adljYjYe*k]fg bYj_g+N] ng[ d]j me hjgkh][lg \] me ^mf\g elmg
gm Y\]k[jag \Y ]phgkag \] me ^mf\g \] `]\_]( Z]e hjgn}n]d im]
^gjf]Ye( Yde \] gmljYkaf^gjeY]k( Yd_mej]kmeg imYflalYlangYd]*
_Yf\g e]\aj !jak[gk!+@kkY
e]\ag k]j} ZYk]Y\Y]e meY \]kkYkhYdYnjYk
\] ]^]alg \]janY\Yk \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg ] \] k]mkhYj]fl]k+ Cgb](
hgj ]p]ehdg( Yhgdla[Y\] afn]klae]flg \] ^mf\gk \] h]fkg ] Y]k[gd`Y
\] ^mf\gk kg YnYdaY\Yk
hgj ![gfkmdlgj]k! im] k] ZYk]aYefY l]gjaY \]
Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajYk+N] `gmn]j me hjgZd]eY( ]d]k hg\]e Yd]_Yj
im] k] ZYk]YjYe]e me elg\g [a]fl^a[g hY\jg+

<k [gakYkhagjYjYe emalg ]e .664+ < <[Y\]eaY Nm][Y[gf[]\]m gmljY

d]nY\] Kjeagk IgZ]d \] ZYk]_YmkkaYfY
YHqjgf N[`gd]k ] YMgZ]jl >+
H]jlgf( im] `YnaYe e]d`gjY\g meY ^jemdYeYl]e}la[Y Yfla_Y] lgj*
fYjYe*fY [gehYln]d [ge Yk_jYf\agkYkl]gjaYk_YmkkaYfYk
\] ]imadZjag
^afYf[]ajg _]jYd* hgjlYflg( Y[]al}n]dh]dg ]klYZdak`e]fl ][gfea[g+ <
^jemdY]jY Y_gjY!mladar}n]d!+
@dY
laf`Y meY daklY\] !hj][mjkgj]k! ]k*
im][a\gk `} emalg l]ehg( ]flj] gk imYak]klYnYg eYl]e}la[g ] bg_Y\gj
@\ O`gjh( im] ]k[j]n]jY g Z]kl k]d.]j 1KGZZNK3KGRKX&
kgZj] [geg gZl]j
nYflY_]e fg bg_g nafl]*]*me( eYk \] Yd_meeg\g Ykh]kkgYkY[j]\alYe
im] N[`gd]k] H]jlgf Yafn]flYjYe( imYf\g fY n]j\Y\] Yh]fYklgjfYjYe*
fY Y[]al}n]d+< ^jemdY]jY e]m _Yf`Y*hg+Jh]jY\gj]k( k]f\g h]kkgYk
hj}la[Yk([gf`][]e
k]mk\]lYd`]k e]d`gj \g im] gk Y[Y\ea[gk hgj l]j]e
hYkkY\gfgal]k hj]g[mhY\gk [ge k]mkjak[gk(k im] Yd_mfk\]d]k [gfk]*
_maYe]phj]kkYj a\aYk]e l]jegk l[fa[gk( \] ^gjeY im] k]fla im] gk ]k*
& ?]n]*k]

Y\ealaj im] Y [mjnY _YmkkaYfY

^gaeYfahmdY\Y hgj e]ag \Y mladarYg\] elg\gk
[geg !kYdlgk![gehd]e]flYj]k(
l]kl]k \] ]klj]kk]( ljg[Yk \] j]_ae] gm \] elg\gk ]dYZgjY*
\gk [gf`][a\gk [geg B<M>C( eYk ]fimYflg ]kk]k elg\gk j]hj]k]flYe
me Zge ]k^gjg(
\]apYe \] YZgj\Yj Yk^Yd`Yk^mf\Ye]flYak \Y [mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg+@kk]kelg\gk fg kg
]k[YdYkafnYjaYfl]k+Dkkg(fY eaf`Y ghafag( hg\] ]phda[Yj gk ^jY[Ykkgk\] elg\gk kg^akla[Y*
\gk fY na\Y j]Yd([geg ^ga\]egfkljY\g
h]dY[geh]lag HYcja\Ycak+

lsnYj]hj]k]flYf\g+ N[`gd]k] H]jlgf lgjfYjYe Y^jemdY\]h]f\]fl]

\Y
[mjnY_YmkkaYfY(
eYk k]mk!hj][mjkgj]k! fg Ykmb]alYjYeYlYdj]kljag +
Jk Yfgk hk*im]ZjY\g e]j[Y\g \] Y]k^gjYe afl]d][lmYde]fl] \a*
n]jla\gk hYjYeae+ <kkaklaY[gf^]jf[aYk kgZj] ^afYfYk] eYl]e}la[Y \Y
af[]jl]rY * ] f]f`meY n]r k]im]j ]f[gflj]a me hYd]kljYfl](hj]eaY\g
gmfg [ge g IgZ]d( im] ]fl]f\]kk] kgZj] g im] ]klYnY^YdYf\gimYf\g
g Ykkmflg$]jY
hjgZYZada\Y\](]flg ]m hg\aY ]fdgmim][*Dgk[ge eaf`Yk
h]j_mflYk+@d]k^ar]jYe !ljYZYd`gkhjg^mf\gk kgZj] eYl]e}la[Y!( eYk
imYf\g h]j_mflY\gk gf\] gZlaf`Ye kmYkhjgZYZada\Y\]k(Yk]phda[Y]k
im] \YnYe \]apYnYe [dYjg im] laf`Ye ka\g nlaeYk \Y ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y
X `YnaYmeY [gYZalYg]kljYf`Y \] `YZada\Y\]kl[fa[Yk ] \] Ymkf[aY
\] [gehj]]fkg( \g lahg ]f[gfljY\Y ]e OJOUZ
YG\GTZY(Ig gZlan] meY
j]khgklY afl]da_]fl] k]im]j gm im] fg ^gkk] GJ NUSOTKS( >geg ]m ]k*
lYnYim]klagfYf\g lg\g g k]mljYZYd`g(^ga[gehj]]fkn]d im] ]m l]f`Y
YljY\g lg\Y ^gjeY \] afkmdlgk7!gZk]kkang!( ![ge]j[aYd!( !^adgk^a[g!(
!]fkYklY!(!`ge]e
g[agkg im] nan] \] j]f\Y!( !j]h]lalang!( !hjYla[Yfl]!
%meafkmdlgfg e]ag Y[Y\ea[g& ] !Y[Y\ea[g! %meafkmdlgfg emf\g
\gk f]_[agk&+Ig lg jmae k]j nlaeY\] afkmdlgkajY\gk8ng[ hg\] k]
Y[gklmeYjj}ha\g [ge akkg] k] [gf[]fljYj fg im] TdU \alg+Jh]jY\gj]k
\] hj]_g kg lj]afY\gk hYjYda\Yj[ge Y[]kkgk\] jYanY+
N]ng[ ljYZYd`Y
fg hj]_g [Yla[g( Yd_me [ge me `megj ]kh][aYde]fl] jmae hgj l]j
h]j\a\g \af`]ajg hg\] [ge]Yj Ypaf_}*DgYl ^]jaj Yk[gj\Yk ng[Yak(\]*
hgak ]kim][]j g g[gjja\g ]( meY `gjY \]hgak( [gfna\}*Dg hYjYkmY^]klY
\] IYlYd+<kkae( ng[ ^a[Yaemf] Yafkmdlgk(]kh][aYde]fl] k] ]fkafYj Y
kahjhjag YaeY_afYj im] Yh]kkgYim] gk hjg^]j] meY nYjaYg\] me
eY[Y[g ZYjmd`]flg [ge hgm[g Ymlg[gfljgd]+ <h]fYk eYfl]f`Y Y[ge*
hgklmjY(kgjjaY([gf[]flj]*k] ]e YfYdakYj
g ^YdYfl]] fg Ye]fkY_]e( ]
ng[ n]f[]j} Y\ak[mkkg+Pe YlYim]GJ NUSOTKS [gfljY me afl]d][lmYd(
fg [gfljY meY a\aY( YdlYe]fl] dakgfb]ajg+@d]af\a[Y im] Yh]kkgYfg
l]e fY\Y \] afl]da_]fl] Y\ar]j kgZj] kmYe]fkY_]e+

HYak l][fa[Ye]fl](
d]eZj]*k] \] eaf`Y [Yjj]ajY [geg hjg^akkagfYd\] gh]k+ PeY gh*
g hgj Yd_gemalg aehjgn}n]d fg k Z]f]^a[aY\Y hgj >akf]k I]_jgk( eYk Z]f]^a[aY*k]
\]khjghgj[agfYde]fl]
\]d]k * Yd_gim] Y !^jemdY! \] N[`gd]k ] H]jlgf \]apY hYkkYj+
< j][geh]fkY
h]dYghg lg hg\]jgkY im] ng[ fg hj][akY Y[]jlYj YkhjgZYZada\Y\]k7
hg\]*k] ]klYj ]jjY\g kgZj] YhjgZYZada\Y\] ] j][]Z]j me j]lgjfg egfkljmgkYe]fl]
_jYf\]+
>`Ye]a akkg\] !Zgd`Y \mhdY!7g ]jjg fg [}d[mdg\Y hjgZYZada\Y\] ] \g j]lgjfg+

g hka[dg_gK`adahO]ldg[c %g\]keYk[YjY\gj \]

]kh][aYdaklYk
\g >Yhlm*
dg .-&(\]hgak \] gmnajmeY \] eaf`Yk hYd]kljYk(
j]dYlgmim] k]ehj] ^a[YnY
aehj]kkagfY\g [ge Yhj]k]fY \] me ]klY\g Y_m\g\] \akkgf~f[aY[g_fala*
nYfY hdYlaY+
HYkY^gjeY h]dYimYdYkh]kkgYkj]kgdn]e Yl]fkg [g_falanY(
hgj ]dYYlaf_ajg ~eY_g \] lm\g im] Yhj]f\]jYe ] gkelg\gk im] hjYla[Ye
]( [geg h]j[]Z]e( im] [gflafmYjg YhjYla[Yj(hg\] nYjaYjemalg+@jYkaf*
lge}la[g im] imYk]lg\Yk Ykh]kkgYkim] YlY[YnYee]m eg\g \] h]fkYj
YlY[YnYemeY n]jkg \]^gjeY\Y \]d]( [geg ! lm\g Yd]Yljag] aehj]na*
kn]d!]e n]r \] ! YdlYe]fl] Yd]Yljag!(gm[gf^mf\aYe*k] e] egkljYf*
\g [geg Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg ^mf[agfY ]e []jlgk \gefagk ^ka[gk+
<d_mfkYllan]jYe im] em\Yj eaf`Y Zag_jY^aY+
@e me hYaf]d]e Gm_Y*
fg( Hqjgf N[`gd]k ]fljgm []jlY n]r ]e me ]klY\g jYangkg] YlY[gmmeY
n]jkg ljYfk^gjeY\Y \Ykeaf`Yk a\aYk+K]j[]Za kg^jae]flg ]e k]mjgklg+
PeY n]r( ]e KYjak(me e]eZjg hjg]eaf]fl]
\g ]klYZdak`e]fl eYl]e}*
la[g( im] afn]klamhYjl] \Y na\Y ]e Yd_meYkmZhjghja]\Y\] \aeafmlY \Y
[mjnY_YmkkaYfY(
^a[gmajY\g \] meY `gjY hYjYgmljY* bmklYe]fl] imYf*
\g ]m Yhj]k]flYnYhjgnYk]ehja[Yk \g hYh]d\g >akf] I]_jg fgk e]j[Y*
\gk+@d]^a[gmn]je]d`g \] jYanY(k]flam \a^a[md\Y\]hYjYj]khajYj ] [ge]*
gmYhjg^]jaj afkmdlgk[gfljY eae hgj l]j hjg^YfY\g Yafklalmag[ge
Ymkf[aY\] V[JK[X %eg\klaY&8
]d] _jalgm7!Ngmme e]eZjg \Y <[Y\]*
eaY \] >af[aY !( hYjY\YD8
eYak^gjYYgkk]mkafkmdlgk+
%<ljY\mg ^jYf*
[]kY \g e]m danjg]k_glgm*k]fg \aY k]_mafl]+&H]m e]d`gj ]hak\ag ^ga
imYf\g Nl]n] Mgkk(][gfgeaklY [gfka\]jY\g me afl]d][lmYdemalg kmh]*
jagj YN[`gd]k ] YH]jlgf ] lYeZe me \]ZYl]\gj ^gjea\}n]d( j]ZYl]m
eaf`Yk a\aYkaf\a[Yf\g h]im]fgk ]jjgk gmYhjgpaeY]k fY Yhj]k]flY*
g( [geg !HYjcgoalr fg ^gag hjae]ajg Y+++
!( []jla^a[Yf\g( hgjlYflg(
im] fg laf`Y j]khgklY hYjYe]m hgflg []fljYd+JmljYk h]kkgYkim] af*
n]klajYe ZgYhYjl] \Y na\Y f]kkYka\aYkj][gjj]jYe Yg nYf\Ydakeg fY
R]Z+ @[gfgeaklYk afng[Ye $[ge ^d7]if[aY me Yj_me]flg ]kljYf`g \]
Hadlgf Aja]\eYf im] Y^ajeYim] eg\]dgk fg hj][akYe \] hj]kkmhgka*
]k j]YdaklYk
hYjYim] k]bYe Y[]al}n]ak* \Yf\g*d`]k da[]fYhYjYhjg*
\mraj j]hj]k]flY]k eYl]e}la[Yk _jYn]e]fl] \]^]almgkYk\Y j]Yda\Y\]+
JZnaYe]fl]( g hjgZd]eY im] ]kkYk_YmkkaYfarY]k
fg le hj]kkmhg*
ka]kj]YdaklYk
] fg hjg\mr]e j]kmdlY\gk[gf^a}n]ak+@dYk
fg kg f]e
j]YdaklYk
f]e hj]\alanYk+M]hYj] lYeZe ]e me nake]flYd im] ]f[gf*
ljg |k n]r]k7 Ykh]kkgYk[gf^mf\]e me ]n]flg [ge meY hjgZYZada\Y\]
h]im]fY( [geg( hgj ]p]ehdg( meY ]e nafl] Yfgk( [ge gmljg \] g[gj*

js[aY h]ja\a[Y+@d]kh]fkYe im] ]klYjg k]_mjgkk] k ^gj]e ]phgklgk Y

]d] hgj \]r Yfgk+
Oan] \a^a[md\Y\]k]e ljYfkealaj Ye]fkY_]e kgZj] Y\a^]j]fY ]flj]
H]\ag]jaklg ] @plj]eaklg * emalgk Yj_me]flgk Yhj]k]flY\gk Yeae
]jYe kgZj] [geg Ykg[a]\Y\] l]e k] kY\gZ]e [ge Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY \]
kafg *( ]eZgjY ZYklYkk]
gd`YjhYjY]k[jaljagk \] [j\alg ]l[+
J fa[g! [ge]fl}jag im] [gfka\]j]a afY[]al}n]d^ga7!Qg[ ]kl} []jlg8
hj][akYegk im] fgk d]eZj] \Y ^jYim]rY\]kk]k elg\gk( eYk fg k] hg\]
bg_Yjg Z]Z ^gjY[ge Y}_mY\g ZYf`g!( im]j]f\g \ar]j im] ]mhj][akYnY
Y[]alYjY\akljaZmag_YmkkaYfY
j]\mlanY ] Y[]alYjYge]keg l]ehg ]e
im] _jYf\]k \]knagk hm\]kk]e g[gjj]j * ]d]k fg h]j[]ZaYe Yaf[ge*
hYlaZada\Y\]\Yk \mYkYZgj\Y_]fk+@jY[geg k] ^gkk]hgkkn]d]klYj e]ag
egjlg+ @e nafl] Yfgk \] \]ZYl]k( f]f`me \]kk]k mkm}jagk\Y l]gjaY \]
Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajY ]phda[gm BNLN hg\]jaYe Y[]alYjY ]kljmlmjY
_YmkkaYfY
] lYeZe gk _jYf\]k \]knagk+I]f`me+

<g dgf_g \g [Yeaf`g( na g km^a[a]fl]kgZj] ]jjg \] [gf^ajeYg hYjY^Y*

r]j [ge im] FYjdKghh]j d]nYflYkk]\] jYanY+
<k h]kkgYk]f[gfljYnYe \Y*
\gk fgk imYakfg `YnaYe kYdlgkf]e ]n]flgk ]plj]egk ] egkljYnYe*e]
meY !hjgnY! \] im] ]jY hgkkn]dmladarYj
Y[mjnY_YmkkaYfY+
Dkkg]jY ]pY*
lYe]fl] [geg g ]p]ehdg fg >Yhlmdg2 \Y !hjgnY! \] im] J+ E+Naehkgf
fg me YkkYkkafg+
Og\g g jYeg \Y ]klYlkla[Y[gf^mf\aY Ymkf[aY\]
hjgnY [ge hjgnY \] Ymkf[aY+
<de \g eYak(Ykh]kkgYkfg [gehj]]f*
\]e YYkkae]ljaY ]d]e]flYj ]fngdna\Y7ZYklYmeY fa[Y gZk]jnYghYjY
k] j]b]alYjY[mjnY_YmkkaYfY(
eYk ead`]k \] gZk]jnY]kfg [gf^ajeY*
jg hd]fYe]fl] YnYda\Y\]\] kmYYhda[Yg+
Kgj im; Kgjim] Y[mjnYfY
^gjeY \] kafg _YmkkaYfY
fg h]jeal] _jYf\]k \]knagk(eYk Yk^]jjYe]flYk
\g @plj]eaklg( YYdl]jfYlanY(
fg \]apYe \] h]jealaj dgf_gk h]jg\gk \]
ljYfiada\Y\]+
@mfg kYZaY
im] g ljYZYd`g\] HYf\]dZjgl ]jY j]d]nYfl] ^gjY\Y ]k*
lla[Y ] \Y _]ge]ljaY+ ?a^]j]fl]e]fl]
\]d]( fg ^magkljY[arY\g7j][]Za
emalY YhjgnYghgj hYjl] \] hjYla[Yfl]k ] lgeY\gj]k \] \][akg( eYk
fg hgj hYjl] \] kmYk]imah]k \] h]kimakY+
HYk(j]h]flafYe]fl](
gZlan] Ynaf_YfYeYak af]kh]jY\Y+

MgZ]jl H]jlgf( Ej+] Hqjgf N[`gd]k ^gjYe k[agk ^mf\Y\gj]k fY _jYf\]

^ajeY ]kh][mdYlanY
\] 6h]jY]k [`YeY\Y Ggf_*O]je >YhalYdHYfY_]*
e]fl( gmGO>H( im] e]f[agf]a fg >Yhlmdg1+@dY
]jY me Y_dge]jY\g
\] h]kkgYk[ge [mjj[mdgk\] hjae]ajY daf`Y( \gk eYak Ydlgkfn]ak \g
emf\g Y[Y\ea[g+ @jYe [gfka\]jY\gk _fagk+<k a\aYk\Y l]gjaY \] _]*
j]f[aYe]flg \] [Yjl]ajYkafkhajgm YY\eafakljYg \] jak[gk \] j]kmdlY*
\gk hgkkn]ak* _jYYkYk]mk![}d[mdgk!kg^akla[Y\gk+
@d]k[gfk]_majYe
Yme]flYj Y^Yd}[aY
d\a[YhYjYhjghgj]k af\mkljaYak+
@flg( \mjYfl] g n]jg \] .665( g[gjj]m meY [geZafYg \] _jYf\]k
]n]flgk( \akhYjY\gk hgj meY [jak] ^afYf[]ajY fY MkkaY(
im] bYraY^gjY
\] k]mkeg\]dgk+ @jYme >akf] I]_jg+ < GO>H im]Zjgm ] imYk]d]ngm
[gfka_g lg\g g kakl]eY ^afYf[]ajg( hgak Yk]phgka]k ^gjYe _a_Yfl]k[Yk+
>geg gk eg\]dgk \]dY ]p[dmYeYhgkkaZada\Y\]\] _jYf\]k \]knagk( ]d]k
k] h]jealajYe [gjj]j me jak[g egfkljmgkg+ <k a\aYk\] H]jlgf ] N[`g*
d]k( Ykkae [ge Yk\Y Hg\]jfY O]gjaY \] <\eafakljYg \] >Yjl]ajYk(
[ge]YnYe Yjmaj+< eY_falm\] \Yk h]j\Yk ^ga]kh]lY[mdYj(]kh]lY[mdYj
\]eYak hYjYh]jealaj*fgk a_fgjYj Y[ge\aY afl]d][lmYd+HmalgkYea_gk
] ]m h]fkYegk im] gk l]ja[gk \] _]j]f[aYe]flg \] [Yjl]ajYkkg^j]jaYe g
\]klafg \Yk [gehYf`aYk \] lYZY[g7]klYnYe [gdg[Yf\g ]e jak[g Yk][g*
fgeaYk \Yk h]kkgYk] dg_g k]jaYe d]nY\gkYj]khgf\]j h]dYk[gfk]if*
[aYk\] k]mkelg\gk \] afkhajYg_YmkkaYfY+
IY\Y \akkg Y[gfl][]m+
@e n]r \akkg(gk ]klm\Yfl]k \gk [mjkgkH=< fYk ]k[gdYk\] f]_[agk
[gflafmYjYe YYhj]f\]j Yl]gjaY\] Y\eafakljYg \] [Yjl]ajYk+
@Y^jemdY
\] gh]k [gflafmgm Ygkl]flYj g fge] =dY[c*N[`gd]k*H]jlgf( ]e n]r \]
k]j j]n]jla\Y Ygk\gfgk n]j\Y\]ajgk( Ggmak=Y[`]da]j(@\ O`gjh ] gmljgk+
.PNP

GIFM9I

;F@J9J $

J eYak bgn]e H]jlgf j]hj]k]flYfl] \Y ]k[gdY\] ][gfgeaY f]g[d}kka*

[Y( im]( [geg naegk [ge YGO>H( j]hj]k]flY eYak hg\]jgkYe]fl] gk
h]ja_gk \g [gf`][ae]flg
hdYlgfa^a[Y\g7JZk]jnYf\g kmYe]lg\gdg_aY(
@k[gd`aH]jlgf hgjim] g [gfka\]jg emalg admkljYlang\g gZk[mjYflakeg eYj[Y\g h]dg Y[Y*
\]ea[akeg( ?]k[gZja YkdaealY]k \] H]jlgf ]e meY [YjlY jYangkY] Ye]YY\gjY \] k]l]
h}_afYk im] e] ]fnagm( YimYde] \]m Yaehj]kkg \] im] ]d] fg ]klYnYemalg ^YeadaYjarY*
\g [ge YeYf]ajY h]dYimYdf]_g[aYegk gh]k( bmklYe]fl] k]ml]eY \] ]klm\g( @d]hYj][aY

*( g k]_mafl] hY\jg7 ]d] [ge]Y [ge hj]kkmhgka]kja_a\Ye]fl] hdY*

n]Eg
$
( $Yk [gehd]lYe]fl] ajj]YdaklYk
* [geg Ykhjg ZYZad$\\
, Y ]k _YmkkDYfYk(
lge[ (
$\
!
!
]flj] emalYkgmljYklYeZe h]jlmjZY\gjYk+@e k]_PDY(_]jY l]gj]eYk
! jgnYk! YhYjlaj \]d]k+< eYl]e}la[Y ]fpmlY ] ]d]_Yfl]+Jk l]gj]eYk
]h
$\<\!
kg [gehYln]ak [ge gmljgkl]gj]eYk \Y Hg\]jfY O]gfY
]
eedkljY*
g \] >Yjl]ajYk(im] hgj kmY(
n]r kg [gehYln]ak [ge gmljgk l]gj]eYs(
[gfkljmaf\g meY _jYf\] l]gfY \] [geg Ykh]kkgYk[gfkge]e( ][gfgeD*
e ]f[YjYe Yaf[]jl]rY( _YklYe] hjgb]lYe g ^mlmjg+
@d]hj]kkmh] im]
rY
(
B DP=K
"K"A'
[gf`][]egk
YhjgZYZada\Y\]\gk ]n]flgk+ < YZgeaf}n] B
hYYnjY
K MN
]kl} k]ehj] hj]k]fl]+ HYkY[gfkljmg lg\Y [geg me bg_gim] afl]a*
jYe]fl] ^][`Y\g( [geg g =Yf[g DegZada}jag[ge lg\Yk Ykj]_jYk+
Pe Y[Y\ea[g im] Yhda[Y
lYde]lg\gdg_aY hYj][a\g [ge Y\]^afag
\] dgm[g^]alYhgj Gg[c]7 Yd_meim] !jY[ag[afY[gjj]lYe]fl] YhYjlaj \]
hj]eakkYk ]jjf]Yk!+
(
<_gjY YeYl]e}la[Y ]d]_Yfl] hgkkmaYk]_mafl] hjghja]\Y\]7 h]j^]D*
lYe]fl] []jlY( ] fg 66 hgj []flg []jlY+OYdhjghja]\Y\] YljY]fl] hYjY
e]fl]k e][Yfa[aklYk im] fg im]j]e da\Yj[ge YeZa_a\Y\]k+ Df^]dar*
e]fl]( hj][akg ljYhY[]Yj]e Yd_medm_YjhYjY^Yr]j [ge im] g emf\g
k] ]f[Yap] fY eYl]e}la[Y h]j^]alY8] ng[ hj][akY^Ydka^a[Yj
kmYk
hj]kkmhg*
ka]k]e Yd_medm_Yj+
Qaegk [ge Y[alYg\] CYj\q im] gk eYl]e}la*
[gk !hmjgk! hjg^akkagfYak(
fg ]flYflg( fg hg\]jaYe k]j eYak`gf]klgk+
KgjlYflg( Yk[gakYk[ge]Ye Y^a[Yj[gf^mkYkimYf\g Yd_me [geg
H]jlgf l]flY k]j eYl]e}la[g ] [ma\Y\gkg ]e n]r \] [gf[]fljYj*k] fY
Y\]imYg v j]Yda\Y\]+
q Yim] k] Yhj]f\] YhYjlaj \Yk e]fl]k \gk eadalYj]k] \Yim]d]k im]
le j]khgfkYZada\Y\]kfY }j]Y \] k]_mjYfY+
@d]kfg k] ae(hgjlYe [gs +jY[ag[fag!h]j^]alg! ] d\a[g8 im]j]e hj]kkmhgka]kj]YdDklYk
] ][gdg_D*
[YkgIg ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( ]d]k k] aehgjlYe [ge fgkkYkna\Yk+
H]f[agf]a fg >Yhlmdg.. [geg Yim]d]kim] afa[aYjYeg bg_g\g !h]f*
kYe]flg ^gjeYd! YljYnk\Y [jaYg\] hj]eakkYk^YdkYk
hYjY_]jYj l]gjaYk
!ja_gjgkYk!^gjYe KYmd
NYem]dkgf(lmlgj \] H]jlgf( ]( fg M]afg Pfa\s(
Eg`f Ca[ck+Jk \gak YjjmafYjYeYka\aYk\] Eg`f HYqfYj\ F]qf]k( YkimYDk
l]flYjYe ^gjeYdarYj%F]qf]k laf`Y afl]j]kk] h]dYaf[]jl]rY ] j][dYegm \Yk
[]jl]rYk af\mra\Yk hgj eg\]dgk im] j]kljaf_aYe Ye]fl]&+ Jmljgk hYjla[a*
hYfl]k fg ]ehj]]f\ae]flg
\g h]fkYe]flg ^gjeYd^gjYe F]ff]l` <jjgo
l]j Yaehj]kkg \] im] gh]jY\gj]k k] ZYk]aYe ]e l]gjaYk ][gfea[Yk !ja_gjgkYk! * [geg
k] gk h}kkYjgkhj][akYkk]e ]klm\Yj ]f_]f`YjaY %jmae&hYjYhg\]j ngYj+

] B]jYj\ ?]Zj]m+ Jk imYljg j][]Z]jYe g Kjeag IgZ]d+ Jk imYljg ]klYnYe

]e me ]klY\g \]dmkagfYdkgZ g ]^]alg \Y eYl]e}la[Y * g im] ?a]m\gff
[`Yegm \] !Y eka[Y \Y jYrg! ] g im] [`Yeg \] dgm[mjY\] Gg[c]+ Og\gk
hg\]e k]j k]_mjYe]fl] Y[mkY\gk\] l]j]e afn]flY\g me emf\g aeY_af}*
jag( me emf\g im] k] hj]klYnY | kmYeYl]e}la[Y+ J h]j[]hlang Y[Y\ea[g
HYjlaf N`mZac( im] \]^]f\]m im] me _jYm\] YZkljYg ]p[]kkanY \]kk]k
eg\]dgk( Yd_mfkhYkkgkYde \Y f][]kka\Y\]( lgjfYnY*gk [gehd]lYe]fl]
afmladar}n]ak(^gagkljY[arY\g * \]klafg [geme hYjY\akka\]fl]k+$
N] ng[ im]klagfYj g im] ^Yr]e( [geg Y_a[ge H]jlgf 3Q'%
]d]k h]*
\ajg meY !hjgnY hj][akY!+ KgjlYflg( ]klYZ]d][]e Ykj]_jYk \g bg_g( ]
ng[ hj][akY j]kh]al}*DYk+Qaf\g \] me hYkkY\g \] hjYla[Yfl] fg imYdg
hjaf[ahYd j][mjkg k]j [YhYr \] ljYZYd`Yj [ge eYl]e}la[Y [gf^mkY eYk
]ehaja[Ye]fl]
Y[]al}n]d( fg hgkkg Y[]alYj meY hj]l]fkY [af[aY+ Kj]^ajg
me ljYZYd`g kg^akla[Y\g( []fljY\g ]e ljmim]k( YmeY [af[aY ^Yda\Yim]
Zmk[Y[]jl]rYk+ Jm hg\]jaYe ]kk]k [gfkljmlgj]k f]g[d}kka[gk \] eg\]dgk
]klYj ^Yr]f\g Yd_ghagj; N]jaYhgkkn]d im] ]klan]kk]e ]fngdna\gk fg im]
=ak`gh Cm]l [`YeY \] eYfm^YlmjY \] []jl]rYk;
Q]bYegk+
J ]ehajakeg
[la[g \]^]f\]
g elg\g
[gflj}jag+ Dehgjlg*e]
eYak
[ge Ykhj]eakkYk \g im] [ge Ykl]gjaYk ] \]k]bg eafaearYj Y\]h]f\f*
[aYfYk l]gjaYk( Yf\Yj [ge d]n]rY ] j]\mraj Ykkmjhj]kYk+Kj]^ajg ]klYj []jlg
\] eg\g _]jYd \g im] hj][akYe]fl]
]jjY\g+ @d]_~f[aY]e l]gjaYk af\a[Y(
[ge ^j]if[aY( hdYlgfakeg ] ^jYim]rY * me [gfnal] hYjY YZmk[Y\Y
]d]_~f[aY h]dYhjhjaY ]d]_~f[aY+ PeY l]gjaY [geg me j]e\ag
%gm_g*
n]eg&7 ^j]i]fl]e
]fl] aflad( g[YkagfYde]fl] f][]kk}jaY( k]ehj] Ymlg*
k]jna]fl] ] \] n]r ]e imYf\g ^YlYd+
KgjlYflg( hj][akY k]j mladarY\Y[ge
[ma\Y\g( eg\]jYg
] kgZ Ykmh]jnakg Yl]flY \] me Y\mdlg+
< \aklafg fY OYZ]dY1 ]flj] e]m eg\]dg eg\]jfg(
[la[g*]ehajaklY(
] g im] gk [Y[`gjjaf`gk \]2Yem]dkgf j]hj]k]flYe
hg\] k]j _]f]jYdarY\Y
hYjY \a^]j]fl]k \ak[ahdafYk+
$

< e]\a[afY e]\a]nYd lYeZe ]jY ZYk]Y\Y]e a\aYk \] ]imadZjag(imYf\g ]jY \g_eYla*
rY\Y ] hYj][a\Y [ge Yl]gdg_aY+<^gjlmfY\Ye]fl](
k]mkhjYla[Yfl]k \]apYjYe g jYeg( hgak
fg hg\aYe [geh]laj [ge gk [ajmj_a]k hj}la[gk( ]p*ZYjZ]ajgk eglanY\gk ][gdg_a[Ye]fl]
im] _Yf`YnYe ]ph]jaf[aY [dfa[Y* ^ga hgj [YmkY\]d]k im] Y[af[aY YhdYlfa[Y
fYk[]m+
N] ]klgm nang `gb]( hgjim] Ye]\a[afY \g_e}la[Y ] Y[Y\ea[Y \]apgm \] k]j hjYla[Y\Y `}
Yd_mfkk[mdgk+

<hj]k]fl]a eaf`Yk a\aYk fY }j]Y \] ^afYfYkhgjim] ^gaf]dY im] Ykj]^a*

f]a+ @pYeaf]egk Y_gjYmeY [Yl]_gjaY \] h]kkgYk im] k] ]kh]jY im] k]bYe
eYak h]fkYlanYk7gk ^adkg^gk+

0NQLRLSNP
G^TLGP
I E ISGPMEEQMET`OLGE , EFPRHEKIN QMET`OLGE
B`fXdXeeTWa
`a cgX ]Tl YadTWTWaUdT
b^Tf`\VT

<a`VX`fdT)eX `a \`fXd\adWTWaUdT
b^Tf`\VT

KXebX\fabad TcgX^XecgX f|_

WXW\lXd>g `ya eX\

OaV| Va`f\`gT Vd\f\VT`WaXeeXe_aWX^ae*

>^Xeeya fgWacgX fX_ae

VadTZX_

Ma`k@adWgV[a
O| a <\e`X GXZdaVa_a g_T Yad_T
Wa_\`T`fX WXT^XTfad\XWTWX

=d*Ca[`
O| Y^gfgTzXeadW\`wd\Te
Va_a Ya`fX
Wa_\`T`fX WX\`VXdfXlT(hX`Wa ae eT^fae
Va_a g_T dXY^XjyabaefXd\ad

<TdwfXdbdwf\Va

=aZ_wf\VT

Gad_T^_X`fX( `ya geTd\TfXd`ae $XjVXfa

X_ Yg`XdT\e%

OXefXfXd`aeXeVgdaeX VT_\eTe UdT`VTe6

YT^TX_ g_ fa_ _a`~fa`a

IdXYXdX
XefTdVXdfaWX_T`X\dT ZXdT^

IdXV\eT_X`fX XddTWa

F}`\_a WXfXad\T(Va`e\WXdTT fXad\Tg_T

WaX`zT T eXddXe\ef\WT

MgWabdXV\eTeXX`VT\jTd X_ g_ _aWX^a
ZXdT^eaV\aXVa`_\Va ZdT`W\aeaX
`a d\ZadWTfXad\TXVa`_\VT 6 h| a
WXeVd\f\haVa_ WXeTZdTWa

Gya TVdXW\fTcgX eXbaWXVa_bgfTd

bdaUTU\^\WTWXe
YTV\^_X`fX

<a`efdg\g faWaa eXgTbTdTfa X_ fad`a

WTbdXeegbae\zyaWXcgX baWX_ae
Va_bgfTd bdaUTU\^\WTWXe

FaWX^a5LXjfge >_b\d\VgeX T XeVa^T

X_b}d\VT WX_XW\V\`T UTeXTWTX_
Xh\W|`V\Te(Va_ a _}`\_a WXfXad\T

FaWX\a5FXVx`\VT WXETb^TVX(a _g`Wa

X T XVa`a_\T Va_a g_ dX^~Z\a

=XeX`ha^hX\`fg\zXe T bTdf\dWTbdwf\VT(
bTdfXWTaUeXdhTzyabTdTae ^\hdae

;TeX\T)eXX_ Tdf\ZaeV\X`f}Y\Vae(
bTdfXWX
^\hdae
bTdTT bdwf\VT

Gya { \`eb\dTWabad cgT^cgXdV\|`V\T(

geT _TfX_wf\VT Va`YgeTX _{faWae
Va_bgfTV\a`T\e

B`eb\dTWT
bX^TY}e\VT(
UTeX\T)eXX_
_TfX_wf\VT TUefdTfT

BW{\TeUTeXTWTe`a VXf\V\e_a( `ae ^\hdae

`ya)^\Wae`T U\U^\afXVT

BW{\TeUTeXTWTeX_ VdX`zTe(`a cgX

TVdXW\fTcgX eTUX

IdXeg_X cgX a ba`fa WXbTdf\WT{ a

>jfdX_\efya

IdXeg_X cgX a ba`fa WXbTdf\WT{ a

FXW\aVd\efya

M{V`\VT eaY\ef\VTWT

<\|`V\T baUdX

IdaVgdTXefTdTbdaj\_TWT_X`fX VXdfa(
TUdT`ZX`Wa g_T hTefT ZT_T WX
XhX`fgT^\WTWXe

;geVT eXdbXdYX\fT_X`fXVaddXfTX_ g_
_aWX^a XefdX\fa(eaU bdXeegbae\zXe
bdXV\eTe

< ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y ]kl} hj]k]fl] fgk k]_mafl]k ]kim]eYk Yd]Yljagk7[Yea*
f`Y\Y Yd]YljaY(bg_gk \] \Y\gk( bg_gk \] [YjY gm [gjgY( Y af^Ye] ![YjY
gm [gjgY! \a_alYd]phj]kkY [geg J gm .( egnae]flg
ZjgofaYfg %im][gj*
j]khgf\]
Yg egnae]flg
\] hYjl[mdYk\] hd]f fY }_mY&] ]p]ehdgk ka*
eadYj]k+ @kk]k]kim]eYk _]jYe meY imYda\Y\] \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] im] f]e
e]keg
[`]_Y Y k] imYda^a[Yj[geg Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] * VXUZUGRKGZUXOKJGJK
k]jaY meY$\]ka_fYg eYak YhjghjaY\Y+ @kk]f[aYde]fl]( lg\Yk Ykl]gjaYk
[gfkljm\Yk ]e lgjfg \Y ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y a_fgjYe meY [YeY\Y \] af[]jl]*
rY+Kagj Yaf\Y( k]mkhjghgf]fl]k
f]e kYZ]e \akkg
PeY Yhda[Ygja_gjgkY \]kl] ^g[g fY h]im]fY ]e ghgkag v _jYf\]
af[]jl]rY \ar j]kh]alg Yg n]d`g hjaf[hag \Y eYagj af[]jl]rY+

g eYagj

0HK`RNENR
MNRKTF@QDR
DQQ@CNR
& 3MBDQSDY@
#OQHMBHO@KLDMSD?
PT@MSN
Ta @KLN\N

* J PTD M[N _X HLONQS@

& /CTB@\[N X HMSDKHF^MBH@

@kl] [Yhlmdg^afYd\Y K(Yjl]Ojk [gf[]fljY*k] ]e meY jYea^a[Yg hjaf*

[ahYd\Y ^Yd}[aY
d\a[Y7[geg Yim]d]k [mbgljYZYd`g lgjfYj*fgk [gfk[a]f*
l]k \Y af[]jl]rY fgk \][]h[agfYe

] fgk \]knaYe hYjY[]jl]rYk ^YbmlYk

h]dY

hgjlY \gk ^mf\gk+

@phdaim]aY ^Yd}[aYd\a[Y [ge

lgja]\Y\]

Y`akljaY \g [Ykkafg ] afkakla im] Y Yd]Y*

]kl]jadarY\Y \gk bg_gk fg

na\Y j]Yd+JZk]jn]

fgnYe]fl]

k] hYj][] [ge

YAa_mjY4( fg >Yhlmdg .2+ Jk \Y\gk kg

\adm\gk fY e\aY lg j}ha\g im] hgkkg \ar]j [ge

_Yf`Yj} \] eae

\]fljg

Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] \Y
[]jl]rY im] g [Ykkafg

\] me dgf_g hjYrg emalg hjpaeg

fY jgd]lY( hgj

]p]ehdg( hgak g jm\g k]j} YfmdY\g( eYk fg Yk`YZada\Y\]k %f]kk] [Ykg( Y

nYflY_]e \g [Ykkafg&+LmYflg eYak g h]jg\g ^gj ]kl]f\a\g

%gmg lYeY*

f`g \Yk YhgklYk^gj j]\mra\g&( eYak Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]( hgj [gflY \Y e\aY(

]p[dm\Y \]kk]k [gfkljm[lgk \] bg_gk \] YrYj+

hjaf[hag \Y af[]jl]rY Y^ajeY im] fY ^ka[Yim~fla[Y fg k] hg\]

e]\aj []jlgk hYj]k \] nYdgj]k %[ge hj][akg YjZalj}jaY&([geg Yhgkag
] Y^gjY [afla[Y \Yk hYjl[mdYk+
Qg[ Ylaf_aj} me daeal] af^]jagj \] e]*
\ag7 g im] k] _Yf`Y fY hj][akg \] me h]j\a\g fg gmljg+ KgjlYflg(
]pakl] meY af[]jl]rY ajj]\mln]d im]( l]gja[Ye]fl](
\]kY^aYj} Y [af[aY ]
h]jeYf][]j}
hYjY k]ehj] meY af[]jl]rY+ @kkYaf[]jl]rY efaeY ^ga\]k*
[gZ]jlY hgj R]jf]j
C]ak]fZ]j_ ]e .6/4+ <[`g ja\[mdg Yhj]k]flYj g
hjaf[hag \Y af[]jl]rY [geg k] lan]kk] imYdim]j [gakYYn]j [ge af[]jl]rY+
Kgj im; Kjae]ajg( ]kkY af[]jl]rY _YmkkaYfY+
IY e\aY( ]dY \]kYhYj]*
[]j} *d]eZj]*k]
im] g h]kg \] f]f`meY h]kkgY akgdY\YYdl]jYj} ka_fa*
^a[YlanYe]fl] g h]kg lglYd \] ead h]kkgYk+Kg\] k]j im] h]jeYf]Yegk
hYjY k]ehj] k]e l]j []jl]rY Y[]j[Y \Yk hgka]k ^mlmjYk\Yk hYjl[mdYk
h]im]fYk( eYk ]kkYkaf[]jl]rYk kg emalg h]im]fYk ] emalg fme]jgkYk(
] \adm]e*k] fY e\aY * h]dg Yegj \] Kdmlg( \adm]e*k] fY e\aY @dYk
gZ]\][]e
| d]a \gk _jYf\]k fe]jgk
im] \ak[mlaegk fg >Yhlmdg.2+ <
eYagjaY \gk gmljgk lahgk \] Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] fg k] \admafY e\aY+ N] ]pakl]
meY [gakYf]kl] hdYf]lY im] fg lg af[]jlY Ykkae( g [gehgjlYe]flg
\] me Y_jmhYe]flg \] hYjl[mdYkkmZYlea[YkKgj im; Kgjim]( [geg
\akk]( imYf\g k] gd`Y hYjYme gZb]lg [gehgklg hgj me Y_jmhYe]flg \]
hYjl[mdYkYk^dmlmY]k\Yk hYjl[mdYkl]f\]e
Yk] ]imadaZjYj+
HYk ]n]flgk hgdla[gk( kg[aYak] [dae}la[gk fg hgkkm]e ]kkYhjghja]*
\Y\] [gfn]fa]fl]
]( hYl]fl]e]fl](
fg hg\]egk hj]n*DYk(\] ^gjeY im]

imYf\g ng[ gmnaj!]kh][aYdaklYk!

Yhj]k]flYf\g gk hjgZd]eYk \Y af[]j*
l]rY ]e l]jegk \] hYjl[mdYk
kmZYlea[Yk(
Z]e hjgn}n]d im] g ]kh][aY*
daklYk]bYme aehgklgj+ IY n]j\Y\]( ]kk] hg\] k]j g e]d`gj eg\g \] k]
\]l][lYj me aehgklgj+
Jmg [ge ^j]if[aY Ykh]kkgYk\ar]j]e7 q [dYjgim] ]pakl]e daea*
l]k hYjYfgkkg [gf`][ae]flg!(
]( ]e k]_ma\Y(afng[Yj]e g hjaf[hag \Y
eYagj af[]jl]rY ]fimYflg l]flYe ]phda[Yjim] !Ig hg\]egk eg\]dYj
lm\g! * gmnalahgk [geg g ][gfgeaklY Hqjgf N[`gd]k \ar]j]e akkg]e
[gf^]jf[aYk+ HYk ]klgmk]flY\g Yima]e IgnY Tgjc ]e Y_gklg\] /--3(
l]flYf\g aj hYjYeaf`Y Yd\]aYYf[]kljYd\] <eagmf( GZYfg+
J Y]jghgjlg
\] =]ajml] ]kl} ^][`Y\g \]na\g Yg [gf^dalg ]flj] DkjY]d] Yead[aYpaalY
C]rZgddY`+Ig ]pakl] meY hjg_jYeYg \] ngkhmZda[Y\Yim] e] af*
^gje] imYf\g Y_m]jjYl]jeafYj}( [Ykgl]jeaf]+ Ig hgkkg kYZ]jk] ea*
f`Y [YkY]klYj}\] h( k] <eagmf Yaf\Y]klYj}fg eYhY *d]eZj]*k] im]
Y[YkY\Y ^YedaY
b}^ga\]kljm\Y meY n]r+ Ig [gfka_g kYZ]jk] Y_m]jjY
aj} \]_]f]jYj ]e Yd_gYaf\YeYak_jYn]+JZk]jnYf\g g j]kmdlY\g\Y _m]j*
jY( [ge lg\gk gk e]mk hYj]fl]k( Yea_gk ] hjghja]\Y\]k ]phgklgk Y]dY(
]f[Yjg daeal]k \KXJGJKOXUY
\] [gf`][ae]flg+
N]j} im] Yd_mehg\] e]
]phda[Yjhgj im] ]m \]n]jaY e] aehgjlYj [ge hYjl[mdYk
kmZYlea[Yk
im]
\] lg\g eg\g [gfn]j_]e ]e meY [mjnY_YmkkaYfY;
<k h]kkgYkfg hg*
\]e hj]n]j imYflg lsehg ^a[Yjg^]dar]k[ge gZb]lgkj][e*Y\imaja\gk(
imYflg l]ehg k]mk[YkYe]flgk \mjYjg f]e [geg k] kYajg]e me fgng
]ehj]_g( eYk [alYe YkhYjl[mdYk
kmZYlea[Yk
[geg k]f\g gk !daeal]k \Y
hj]\ag!+ @dYk
]klg a_fgjYf\g me eYeml] \aYfl] \] ka]e hjgd \] meY
im]klg im] fg hg\] k]j naklYf]e e]keg [ge me ea[jgk[hag+

Dj]aeYak Yde7h]kkgYk+im]k] hj]g[mhYe [ge []flYngk ]e n]r \] \*

dYj]khg\]e k]j h]ja_gkYkhYj| Ykg[a]\Y\]+ @dYk
kg Z]e*afl]f[agfY\Yk(
eYk( afng[Yf\g g Yj_me]flg \] =YklaYl\g >Yhlmdg5( kg meY Ye]YY
hYjYfk+ @dYk
]klg \]kh]j\aYf\g fgkkgk ]klm\gk kgZj] af[]jl]rY [gf*
[]fljYf\g*k] fg afka_fa^a[Yfl]+Igkkgk j][mjkgk %lYflg[g_falangk imYflg
[a]fl^a[gk&kg daealY\gk(lYdn]rdaealY\gk \]eYak+ <im]d]k im] fgk \ak*
ljY]e Yme]flYe gk jak[gk\] >akf]k I]_jgk+
q n}da\g \ak[mlaj Yima]klY[geg\alarYg \Y fgg \] af[]jl]rY [geg
kaflgeY \Y []_m]ajYYg>akf] I]_jg+

Qaklg im] Ykh]kkgYkfg jYeg \] ^afYfYk] \Y ][gfgeaY ]klg e]j*

_md`Y\YkfY [mjnY_YmkkaYfY
Yhgflg \] k]j]e km^g[Y\Ykhgj ]dY(hjg*
[mj]a hgj ][gfgeaklYk ^afYf[]ajgk [ge af[dafY]k^adgk^a[Yk
hYjYn]j
[geg k]mh]fkYe]flg [jla[g h]jeal] im] da\]e [ge g hjgZd]eY+<[`]a
Yd_mfk+
PeY \]kkYkh]kkgYkgZl]n] me \gmlgjY\g ]e ^adgkg^aY
] ]flg(
imYljg Yfgk \]hgak( gmljg ]e ^afYfYk8]d] hmZda[gmYjla_gkfYk \mYk
}j]Yk(Ykkae[geg \an]jkgk danjgk*l]plgkgZj] ^afYfYk+
HYk ^aim]a\]kY*
faeY\g7 ]d] hYj][aYl]j [gehYjlae]flYdarY\g kmYka\aYkkgZj] af[]jl]rY
hYjYim] lan]kk] \mYkhjg^akk]k\aklaflYk7^adgkg^aY
] ^afYfYkimYflalYla*
nYk+J hjgZd]eY \Y af\mg( \g H]\ag[jaklg( \Y ghY[a\Y\] ]haklea*
[Y gm\Y hj]kkmhgkagg^]fkanY\Y [mjnY_YmkkaYfY
fg ]jYe naklgkhgj
]d] [geg hjgZd]eYk j]Yak+N]mk\an]jkgk danjgk*l]plg]f^aYnYe elg\gk
_YmkkaYfgk
fYk[YZ]Yk\gk Ydmfgk([geg k] g Ymlgjlan]kk]]kim][a\g im]
]jY ^adkg^g+
@flg ]d] d]eZjYnY hjgflYe]fl]
im] ]jY ^adkg^gimYf\g
]k[j]naYl]plgk \] ^adgkg^aY
kgZj] im]kl]k YhYj]fl]e]fl] Y[Y\ea[Yk+
< e]keY ]kh][a^a[a\Y\] \] [gfl]plg d]nYYkh]kkgYkYmkYjY]k[Y\Y
jgdYfl] hYjYaj k] ]p]j[alYj]e fg NlYajHYkl]jk(eYk g [Ykg \g ^adkg^g
emalg( emalg eYak h]ja_gkg( b} im] ]d] mladarY
fgkkg YjeYr]fYe]flg
hYjYh]fkYe]flg [jla[g ]e meY g[mhYg ]kljad+Aadkg^gk_gklYe \]
hjYla[Yjg h]fkYe]flg ^adgk^a[g]e YkkmflgkfY\Y gja_afYakim] gmljgk
^adkg^gk
[`YeYe \] ^adgkg^aY
] \]apYe YkhjhjaYk e]fl]k \] dY\gimYf*
\g ]klg ^gjY\]kk]k Ykkmflgk+

<h]kYj \] YlY[YjlYflg Y[mjnYfY ^gjeY \] kafg( g hdYlgfakeg ] Y^Yd}[aY

d\a[Y(e]m hjgZd]eY hjaf[ahYdfg lYflg [ge gk]klYlkla[gk
* Y^afYd
\]
[gflYk ]d]k kg h]kkgYkim] ^Yr]e [}d[mdgk(fg h]fkY\gj]k+ ?]n]jYegk
k]j emalg e]fgk lgd]jYfl]k [ge gk ^adkg^gk(
[ge k]mk^aakkmZgj\afY\gk
Zmjg[j}la[gk^][`Yf\g fgkkYke]fl]k+ Jk ^adkg^gk(
[]k \] _mYj\Y\g h]f*
kYe]flg [jla[g(le \]n]j]k im] ng Yde \gk \] gmljYkhjg^akk]k+
;?,8>9=
A4>>208=>048=
/0 ?7 ,61480>0+

:9/07

/,8[,<

8, .,-0[,

Pe fe]jg \] h]kkgYkn]kla\Yk \] eg\g e]ag \]kd]apY\g %eYk[ge

YhYjf[aYh]fkY\gjY& j]f]*k] ]e me dm_Yj(gd`Yf\g kad]f[agkYe]fl]

hYjYme hYd]kljYfl][gfna\Y\g+ Og\gk kg ^adkg^gk

hjg^akkagfYak
[gehY*
j][]f\g Yghj]kla_agkg[gdimag k]eYfYd ]e meY mfan]jka\Y\] fY j]_ag
\] IgnY Tgjc+ J hYd]kljYfl] ]kl} k]flY\g [ge g fYjar ]f^aY\g ]e meY
had`Y\] h}_afYk\Yladg_jY^Y
\Yk(YkimYakd ]e me lge egflgfg+ y \a*
^[adY[gehYf`}*dg( ]flg kgf`g Y[gj\Y\g me hgm[g ] h]j[g g ^ag[gf*
\mlgj \g l]eY+ Kgkkgh]j[]Z]j nY_Ye]fl] im] Y\ak[mkkg_ajY]e lgjfg
\] Yd_me\]ZYl] !^adgk^a[g!kgZj] eYj[aYfgk afnY\af\g kmY[YZ]Y]
[gfljgdYf\g kmYngflY\]( aeh]\af\g Yge]keg l]ehg im] ng[ k] \
[gflY \akkg+KYj][] `Yn]j me _jYf\] fe]jg \] l]gjaYkkgZj] ]kkYa\aY(
eYk Yghafag \g hYd]kljYfl]\a^]j] \Yk \] gmljYkh]kkgYkim] ]k[j]n]jYe
kgZj] g l]eY+ @d]hYkkYYd_mel]ehg egkljYf\g gf\] kmYh]kimakYkgZj]
]kk]k eYj[aYfgk k]i]kljY\gj]k \] e]fl]k fa[Y+?]hgak \g egfdg_g
%22eafmlgk \] d]almjYaf[]kkYfl] \g eYl]jaYd\Yladg_jY^Y\g&(
g[gjj] me
Zj]n] afl]jnYdg(k]_ma\g hgj gmljgk 22 eafmlgk \] \ak[mkkgkgZj] eYj*
[aYfgk aehdYflYf\g [`ahk ] gmljYk[gfb][lmjYk ZarYjjYk+
Rall_]fkl]af
e]f[agfY\g \] n]r ]e imYf\g %k]ehj] k] hg\] e]f[agfYj Rall_]fk*
l]af( b}im] ]d] km^a[a]fl]e]fl] nY_ghYjYk]ehj] hYj][]j j]d]nYfl]&+
Og\Y k]plY*^]ajY(
|k .3 `gjYk( g kYd}jag\]kk]k ^adkg^gk
k]j} \]hgkalY\g
]e kmYkj]kh][lanYk[gflYk ZYf[}jaYk+
PeY hjghgjg ^DpY
\] k]mkj]f\a*
e]flgk( []j[Y \] .3 hgj []flg ]e e\aY( aj} hYjYjfg e]j[Y\g \] Y]k
fY ^gjeY \] me afn]klae]flg Ymlge}la[g \g ^mf\g \] h]fkg \Y mfa*
n]jka\Y\]+ @kkYk
h]kkgYkkg ]ehj]_Y\Yk hjg^DkkagfYde]fl] fg f]_[ag
\] im]klagfYj g im] lgeYegk hgj []jlg( kg lj]afY\Yk hYjYYj_me]flYj
kgZj] Y]paklf[aY \] \]mk%]k&(
Y\]^Dfag \Y n]j\Y\]( Yn]je]d`a\g \g
n]je]d`g( g ka_fa^D[Y\g\g ka_fa^D[Y\g(Y \a^]j]fY ]flj] Ykl]gjaYk k]*
e~fla[Yk \Y n]j\Y\]( j]hj]k]flY]k [gf[]almYak] fg*[gf[]almYak+++
HYk
Y[j]\alYe []_Ye]fl] fg e]j[Y\g \] Y]k] fY [YhY[a\Y\] \g _]j]fl]
\g ^mf\g \] h]fkg+ Kgj im] ^Yr]e akkg;Kgjim] Y[]alYe im] akkgim]
Ykh]kkgYk\]n]jaYe ^Yr]j ge kmYk][gfgeaYk( hgjim] !]kh][aYdaklYk!
\ar]e*D`]k akkg+@d]k\mna\Ye \gk hjhjagk k]fla\gk( eYk fg \mna\Ye
f]e hgj me k]_mf\g \Yk [gehjYk Ymlge}la[Ykim] ^Yr]e fg e]j[Y\g
\] Y]k+@kkY
\]h]f\f[aY \] \gefag \g []la[akeg fg fY\Y \a^]j]fl]
\Y \gk e\a[gk %[geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg5&+
0RfS \akkg(]d]khg\]e Y[j]\alYj k]e im]klagfYj im] hg\]egk hj]n]j
]n]flgk kg[aYak(
im] YBmdY_g \]apYj} me hgm[g eYak^gjl]( im] hgdla[gk
kYZ]e eYak kgZj] g im] ]kl} Y[gfl][]f\g \g im] k]mkeglgjaklYk( im] g
hj]ka\]fl] \g A]\]jYd M]k]jn] kYdngm
Y][gfgeaY ] ]e emalYkgmljYk[ga*

ksk+Kg\]e Y[j]\alYj lYeZe im] im]kl]k \] fY[agfYda\Y\] %]d]kk]e*

hj] [gdg[Ye !^jYf[k!( !Yd]eg! gm !Ye]ja[Yfg! Yfl]k \g fge] \] me
^Ddkg^g(
[geg k] akkglan]kk] Yd_gYn]j [ge imYdim]j[gakYim] ]d] l]f`Y
hYjY\ar]j&+KYkkYj
l]ehg YgdY\g\]kkYkh]kkgYk([mbY[mjagka\Y\] ^g[Y*
\Y ]e lha[gk j]_ae]flY\gk \] hjYl]d]ajY( km^g[Yfl]+

@kh]jgl]j ljYfkeala\g \] eYf]ajY km^D[a]fl]e]fl] ]^D[YrYfgg \] im](

[geg hjYla[Yfl]( e]m h]fkYe]flg ]fjYarY\g fY [j]fY \] im] fg k]
hg\] hYjlaj \] danjgkhYjYhjgZd]eYk( ] kae g [gflj}jag( \] hjgZd]eYk
hYjYdanjgk+@kkY
YZgj\Y_]e af[YhY[alYZgYhYjl] \Y n]jZgjjY_aY[gfk*
ljmlgjY \] [Yjj]ajYk+Pe Y[Y\ea[g fg \]n]jaY k]j meY ^]jjYe]flY \]
ZaZdagl][YhYjY[gfkljmaj gmljYZaZdagl][Y(
[geg fY haY\Y\] ?Yfa]d ?]f*
f]ll+
JZnaYe]fl]( g im] ]klgm \ar]f\g Yimab}^ga\alg Yfl]k hgj ^adkg^gk(
h]dg e]fgk h]dgk ^adkg^gk
\] n]j\Y\]+ < gZk]jnYg Yk]_maj meY \Yk
jYr]k h]dYkimYakl]f`g me j]kh]alg ]p[]kkang hgj FYjd Kghh]j8 ]dY
meY \Ykhgm[Yk[alY]kf]kl] danjgim] fg KYZU[YlY[Yf\g+
< \]_]f]jYg \Yk ]k[gdYk^adgk^D[Yk
hgj kmYn]r Y[gfk]if[aY
\Y [j]fY ]imang[Y\Y \] im] k] hg\] ^adgkg^Yj
k]e im] k] l]f`Y
ka\g [geh]da\g Y^Ddgkg^Yj
hgj hjgZd]eYk ^gjY\Y ^adgkg^DY
%+++
&>XU'
HRKSGYLORUYiLOIUY
MKT[hTUYYdUYKSVXKKTXGO`GJUY
LUXGJG LORUYULOG&
K
KRKYSUXXKS YKKYYGYXGh`KYGVUJXKIKXKS#((($ V_ja^ge]mW+<k jYr]k
kg ^Y[ade]fl] ]kim][a\Yk hgj ^adkg^gk
im] !]klm\Ye! ^adgkg^DY
]e
n]r \] k]j]e ^gjY\gk jmeg | ^adgkg^DY
h]dYhj]kkg \] hjgZd]eYk
fg* ^adgk^D[gk+
OYd^gjeY \] h]fkYj hg\] ]phda[Yjg km[]kkg\] Kghh]j ^gjY\Y ^adgkg*
^DY(
]kh][aYde]fl] [ge [a]flaklYk(gh]jY\gj]k ] lgeY\gj]k \] \][akg( Yk*
kae [geg g ^jY[Ykkg
j]dYlang\]fljg \]dY+%@d]
jYjYe]fl] ]klm\Y\g h]dgk
[gd]_Yk^adkg^gk(
im] hj]^]j]e ]k[j]n]j ]fkYagkkgZj] Rall_]fkl]af+&
M]hYj] lYeZe im] fg im]jg k]j YjjYklY\ghYjY\]ZYl]k ^adgk^D[gk
[ge Ya\aY\g >akf] I]_jg+ J im] im]jg \ar]j hgj hdYlgfakeg fg lg
e]lY^ka[gYkkae+HmalYkh]kkgYk\ak[mlajYe [gea_g k] kgm[gfljY g !]k*
k]f[aYdakeg! %gmk]bY(Yk[gakYkim] \]^]f\g fg le meY ]kkf[aYhdYl*

fa[Y&(k] Y[j]\alg im] YeYl]e}la[Y ^mf[agfYjaY]e me mfan]jkg Ydl]jfY*

lang gmYd_g\g _f]jg+ ?]ap]*e] ]k[dYj][]j Yk[gakYk+
Ngmme hjYla[Yfl]
gZb]lang8fg ]klgm \ar]f\g im] YeYl]e}la[Y fg [gjj]khgf\] YmeY
]kljmlmjYgZb]lanY\Y jYda\Y\]8lm\g im] im]jg egkljYj im] ]klYegk( \g
hgflg \] naklY]hakl]egd_a[g( [gdg[Yf\g g [Yjjg fY ^j]fl] \gk Zgak] im](
fg ]khYg\Y eYl]e}la[Y hgkkn]d(Yjjak[YegkmkYjYeYl]e}la[Y ]jjY\Y ]
k]jegk []_Y\gk hgj ]dY+<[j]\alg n]j\Y\]ajYe]fl] im] ]pakl]e Yd_meYk
eYl]e}la[Yk im] ^mf[agfYe( eYk ]kkYkeYl]e}la[Yk fg ]klg lg ^Y[ad*
e]fl] Ygfgkkg Yd[Yf[]imYflg hYj][] Ygk![gf^ajeY\gj]k!+

Aa[gajjalY\g [ge eYak ^j]if[aY [ge Yim]d]kim] YlY[Yeg ZakhgeYk

im]( \] Yd_meY^gjeY( Y[j]\alYe fg YfYdaklY
\] llmdgk* Yim]d]kim]
]p]j[]e g hjhjag []la[akeg [gfljY Yj]da_ag(eYk fg [gfljY Y][gfg*
eaY( [a]flaklYkkg[aYak] ]klYlkla[gkaehgklgj]k+ PkYf\g g nak[gf^ajeY*
ljag( ]kkYkh]kkgYk\ajg Yng[ im] Yj]da_ag^ga`gjjn]d hYjYY`meYfa*
\Y\] [gflYf\g Ykegjl]k [YmkY\Yk
h]dYDfimakag] hgj \an]jkYk_m]jjYk
j]da_agkYk+
HYkfg egkljYjg imYflYkh]kkgYk^gjYe egjlYk h]dg fY[ag*
fYdakeg(h]dY[af[aY kg[aYd] h]dYl]gjaY hgdla[Y\mjYfl] g klYdafakeggm
YBm]jjY \g Qa]lf+ I]jh e]keg gk hY\j]k j][gjj]e YgkZakhgkimYf\g
k] k]fl]e eYd7Yhjae]ajY hYjY\Y g [gfkmdljag e\a[g+ HYk nYegk
Ygk]k[jaljagk \] emalgk hk]m\g[a]flaklYk ] !]kh][aYdaklYk!
hgj ^YdlY
\]
Ydl]jfYlanY+
Ig Y[j]\alYegk eYakfY af^YdaZada\Y\]
hYhYd8
[gflm\g( hYj]*
[]egk Y[j]\alYj fY af^YdaZada\Y\]
\g IgZ]d( [geg naegk fg >Yhlmdg.4+
.9@J >T;@C<F HL=
;=K@;@JDF

(&G=EJ9%# GIF:C=D9 <9 <=;@JUF JF: '

@m\akk] g l]ehg lg\g im] ]pakl] se hjgZd]eY [ge Yaf\mg ] g >akf]

I]_jg+ IY n]j\Y\]( YkalmYg emalg hagj7hg\] k]j im] l]f`Yegk me
hjgZd]eY a_mYd
[ge g []la[akeg aehgklgj+
Y+Ig hgkkg ^Yr]j fY\Y hYjYaeh]\aj g kgd\] fg fYk[]j YeYf`
%fg aehgjlY g imYflg e] ]k^gj[]&+
Z+Ig hgkkg ^Yr]j fY\Y Y[]j[Y \Y ]paklf[aY gm fg \] na\Y Yhk Y
egjl]+

[+ Ig hgkkg ^Yr]j fY\Y imYflg YeYj[aYfgk gm \]efagk lgeYj]e

[gflY \] e]m [j]Zjg+
HYk l]f`g

emalYkeYf]ajYk \] ]nalYj k]j me ljgmpY+Ig emalg

eYak\a^[ad\g im] akkg+

>gf[dmg YKYjl]Ojk j]al]jYf\g im] g Yfl\glg hYjYgk >akf]k I]_jgk
hj][akYe]fl] k]j fg*[geg\alarY\g fg e]m eg\g \] h]fkYj+HYkYde
\] ]nalYjk]j me ljgmpY(lYdYlalm\]hj]klY*k]Yme hjglg[gdg \] [geg Y_aj
X fg \] [geg h]fkYj ] kae \] [geg [gfn]jl]j [gf`][ae]flg
]e Yg
] [gehj]]f\]j
g nYdgj\g [gf`][ae]flg+ QYegk ]pYeafYj g im] k] \]n]
^Yr]jgmfg [ge akkgfY k]g ^afYd\g danjg+

.EQ_TUMP/IWIOPVI

7049 , 7049# 9? .979

14.,< ;?4>0
.97
9 .4=80 802<9

< NTSQ@
LDS@CD& 5DLAQD&RD
CD ,ODKKDR
& 9T@MCNODQCDQ
TL SQDLONCD
RDQ
CNKNQNRN

q [`]_Y\Y Y`gjY hYjY Yd_meYkhYdYnjYk^afYak+

H]lY\] \g l]ehg kgm `ah]j[la[g8 fY gmljY e]lY\]( \]^]f\g
[]jl]*
rYk ] hgkkg k]j afljYfka_]fl] ]e j]dYg Y ]dYk([ge meY Ylalm\] emalg
gZklafY\Y+ JZnaYe]fl](
kgm `ah]j[la[g gf\] gmljgk( ]kh][aYde]fl] gk
im] [`Yeg \] HORJ[TMYVNOROYZKXY&
kg [j\mdgk( ] kgm [j\mdg gf\] gmljgk
hYj][]e k]j [la[gk+ Ngm[la[g ]e j]dYg | [gf^ajeYg * eYk Yh]fYk
imYf\g gk ]jjgk le me hj]g Ydlg*( eYk fg imYflg | \]k[gf^ajeY*
g+ O]j emalgk \Y\gk fg hjgha[aY Y [gf^ajeYg( eYk meY fa[Y gZ*
k]jnYg hg\] \]k[gf^ajeYj+ Ngm[la[g imYf\g kmkh]alg im] `YbYYd]Y*
lgja]\Y\] \]k[gfljgdY\Y ] [j\mdg imYf\g Y[j]\alg im] Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\]
eg\]jY\Y+
H]lY\] \g l]ehg g\]ag gk >akf]k I]_jgk( fY gmljY e]lY\]( l]f`g
Yegj hgj ]d]k+Bgklg \Y Yd]Ylgja]\Y\] im] hjg\mr Yl]plmjY \Y na\Y( gk
Y[a\]fl]k hgkalangk( g km[]kkg \g haflgj <h]dd]k( gk hj]k]fl]k ]e hgl]f*
[aYdh]dgk imYakfg f][]kk}jag hY_Yj+Kgm[gk [gehj]]f\]e
YZ]d]rY fY
`akljaY \] <h]dd]k8 fY n]j\Y\]( YeYagjaY \Yk h]kkgYk ]p]j[alY Y]nalYg
\] ]jjgk j]hjaeaf\g
g <h]dd]k im] ]pakl] \]fljg \]dYk+

H]lY\] \g l]ehg kgm`ah]j[gfk]jnY\gj fY [gf\mg \] e]mk f]_*

[agk8fY gmljYe]lY\]( kgm`ah]jY_j]kkang+Dkkghg\] fg hYj][]j ]p[]h*
[agfYd(]p[]lg im] e]m [gfk]jnY\gjakeg Yhda[Y*k]
Yg im] gmljgk [`Y*
eYe \] [gjj]j jak[gk ] eaf`Y Y_j]kkana\Y\]Y}j]Yk gf\] j][ge]f\Ye
[ma\Y\g+
Kj]g[mhg*e] e]fgk [ge h]im]fgk ^jY[Ykkgk] eYak [ge ^jY[Ykkgk
_jYf\]k ] hgl]f[aYde]fl] l]jeafYak+ Kj]g[mhg*e] emalg eYak [ge g
e]j[Y\g \] Y]k!hjgeakkgj!( ]kh][aYde]fl] [ge YkY]k!k]_mjYk!\]
hjae]ajY daf`Y(\g im] [ge ]ehj]]f\ae]flgk
]kh][mdYlangk* Ykhja*
e]ajYk Yhj]k]flYe jak[gkafnakn]ak] gk dlaegk fg g^]j][]e kmjhj]kYk(
b}im] k] kYZ]g imYflg kg ngd}l]ak( hgkkn]ddaealYjYkh]j\Yk YljYnk\g
afn]klae]flg \] imYflaYkh]im]fYk+
Kj]g[mhg*e] e]fgk [ge jak[gk Yfmf[aY\gk ] k]fkY[agfYak] eYak
[ge gk jak[gk g[mdlgk] h]jn]jkgk+ Kj]g[mhg*e] e]fgk [ge l]jjgjakeg
\g im] [ge \aYZ]l]k( Ykkae [geg e] hj]g[mhg e]fgk [ge im]kl]k
im] [gklmeYe hj]g[mhYj Ykh]kkgYkhgj k]j]e hj]g[mhY]k ZnaYk]
eYak [ge im]kl]k im] j]ka\]e Yde \] fgkkY[gfk[af[aY ] \g \ak[mjkg
[geme %lYeZe \]ng [gf^]kkYj im] fg e] hj]g[mhg emalg * l]flg
e] hj]g[mhYj [ge im]kl]k kgZj] YkimYakhgkkg ^Yr]j Yd_meY[gakY&+
Kj]g[mhg*e] e]fgk [ge [gfkljYf_ae]flg
\g im] [ge h]j\]j meY
ghgjlmfa\Y\]+
(
Ig ^afYd\Yk [gflYk( ]kkY meY j]_jY ljanaYd\] lgeY\Y \] \][akg7
YU[ emalg Y_j]kkangimYf\g hgkkg gZl]j ]phgkag Y>akf]k I]_jgk hg*
kalangk* imYf\g g ^jY[Ykkgk]jaY\] hgm[Yaehgjl~f[aY * ] emalg [gf*
k]jnY\gj imYf\g ]klgm kgZ YYe]YY\] me >akf] I]_jg f]_Ylang+Ngm
emalg Y_j]kkangimYf\g me ]jjg ]e me eg\]dg hg\] e] Z]f]^a[aYj ]
hYjYfa[g imYf\g g ]jjg hg\] k]j hj]bm\a[aYd+
Dkkghg\] fg k]j emalg
afl]j]kkYfl]( ]p[]lg im] ]pYlYe]fl] g im] YkgmljYkh]kkgYkfg ^Yr]e+
IYk ^afYfYk(hgj ]p]ehdg( ]dYkmkYel]gjaYk^j}_]akhYjYY\eafakljYj gk
jak[gk] kmZe]l]e a\aYk]pljYnY_Yfl]kYme ]k[jmlfag !jY[agfYd!+
H]lY\] \g l]ehg kgmme afl]d][lmYd(fY gmljYkgmme hjYla[Yfl] gZ*
b]lang+NgmgZb]lang] hj}la[g ]e im]kl]k Y[Y\ea[Yk ] afl]d][lmYdimYf*
\g k] ljYlY\Y hj}la[Y+
H]lY\] \g l]ehg kgmkmh]j^a[aYd8
fY gmljYe]lY\]( \]k]bg ]nalYjYkm*
h]j^a[aYda\Y\]+Ngmkmh]j^a[aYd
fg im] \ar j]kh]alg | ]klla[Y8]nalg Ykmh]j*
^a[aYda\Y\]fg [gfl]plg \] jak[gk] j]lgjfgk+ H]m ]kl]la[akeg ^Yr[ge im]
[gdgim] hg]kaY| ^j]fl] \Y hjgkY(_j]_gk | ^j]fl] \] jgeYfgk( \a_fa\Y\]

^j]fl] \] ]d]_~f[aY(]d]_~f[aY | ^j]fl] \] [mdlmjY([mdlmjY| ^j]fl] \]

]jm\ag( ]jm\ag | ^j]fl] \g [gf`][ae]flg(
[gf`][ae]flg
| ^j]fl] \g
afl]d][lg ] afl]d][lg | ^j]fl] \Y n]j\Y\]+ HYk Yh]fYkhYjYim]kl]k im]
]klg danj]k\g >akf] I]_jg+ IgkkY l]f\f[aY Y\] k]jegk emalg jY[ag*
fYak(]p[]lg imYf\g k] ljYlY\g >akf] I]_jg+
H]lY\] \Yk h]kkgYkim] [gf`]g e] [`YeY \] ajj]n]j]fl] %ng[
d]me]mk [ge]fl}jagk kgZj] hjg^]kkgj]k dg[YakhdYlgfarY\gk&(e]lY\]
e] [`YeY \] ZYbmdY\gj%ng[nameaf`Y \]ngg k]jnadYCm]l( =Yqd](
Kghh]j( Kgaf[Yj( HgflYa_f]( CYq]c ] gmljgk&+
H]lY\] \g l]ehg g\]ag Ia]lrk[`]+ IY gmljYe]lY\]( _gklg \] kmY
hjgkY+

>]jlY n]r( j][]Za me [gfk]d`g im] em\gm eaf`Y na\Y(eYk im]( \a^]j]f*
l]e]fl] \g [gfk]d`g im] j][]Za \] me Yea_g fg >Yhlmdg0( [gfka\]jg
Yhda[}n]d(
k}Zag] ]ehaja[Ye]fl] n}da\g+H]m [gd]_Y\] lmjeY ]e KYjak(g
^mlmjgfgn]daklYE]Yf*Jdana]jO]\]k[g( hjgfmf[agm( ]fimYflg e] aeh]*
\aY\] [gjj]j hYjYh]_Yj g e]lj7 !Ig [gjjg hYjYh]_Yj lj]fk+!
@kfgZ]k]m\]klafg+ @fkaf]a*e] Yj]kaklaj| ngflY\] \] [gjj]j hYjY[`]*
_Yj fY `gjY+ Dkkghg\] hYj][]j me [gfk]d`g emalg h]im]fg( eYk ^a[gm
_jYnY\g+<g j][mkYj*e] Y[gjj]j hYjYh]_Yj lj]fk k]fla g nYdgjn]j\Y\]ajg
\Y KRKMcTIOG
] \Y ]klla[Y fg [gehgjlYe]flg(
meY k]fkYg \] ]klYj fg
[gfljgd] \g e]m l]ehg( \] eaf`Y Y_]f\Y ] \] eaf`Y na\Y+>KXJKX[S
ZXKSYi f JURUXUYU
YK\UIg IUXXKX
VGXGVKMb'RU?Y e]keY ^gjeY( fg ]klYj
\] Y[gj\g [ge Ya\aY \] km[]kkgim] Ykh]kkgYk]kh]jYe \] ng[ k
\gdgjgkg k] ^gj akkgim] ]klan]j hjg[mjYf\g+
Qg[ ]kl} GIOSG\Y [geh]lag ] \Y `a]jYjimaYkg[aYd(
] fg LUXG\]dYk(
k] ^ar]j akkghgj ]k[gd`YhjhjaY+
<ZYf\gfYj meY hgkag Z]e*j]emf]jY\Y( k] ^gj Y[G \][akg( hYj]*
[]j} meY j][geh]fkY e]d`gj \g im] Ymlada\Y\]\g \af`]ajg ]fngdna\g
%hg\] hYj][]j dgm[mjY(eYk l]fl]a ^Yr]j akkg(] ^mf[agfY&+
@kk] g hja*
e]ajg hYkkgjmeg Yg ]kla[g im] eYf\Y g \]klafg |k ^YnYk+
Qg[ l]e
emalg eYak[gfljgd] kgZj] YhjhjaY na\Yk] \][a\aj k]m[jaljag hgj [gflY
hjhjaY+
< H] IYlmj]rY \]m*fgk Yd_mfke][Yfakegk \] \]^]kY7[geg fY ^}*
ZmdY
\] @kghg(me \]d]k Y[YhY[a\Y\] \] [gfka\]jYj im] YkmnYkim] fg

]klg Yr]\Yk+HYk me \]k\e ]

gk Yd[YfYj%gmfg Yd[YfYegk&
hg \ ]e
(
(
$^a
$meYj]b]ag VXf\OGY_j]kkanYe]fl] ]kla[YsYkmnsk Ye\Y eYaN_jYlaa*
Y_j]kkang$k]E$Y
Yim]d]im] j]fmf>aY(k] lan]j +[gjY_]e+$!
[Yf l ]+(N]E$Y
( $k\a^[adk]j me h]j\]\gj ]e me bg_g]klYZ]d]>a\ghgj Nahjghfg+
@eYa
(
@e l]jegk \] >akf] I]_jg( akkgka_fa^a[Yim] ng[ ]phgklg Ygae*
hjgn}n]d kge]fl] k] h]jealaj im] ]d] (g[gfljgd]+(Q;[ k]ehj] hg\] [gf*
ljgdYjg im] \UIg ^Yr8hgjlYflg( ^YY
\aNNJk]mgZb]lang+
147
HYk lg\Yk ]kkYka\aYk(lg\Y Y^Ddgkg^aY
\Y af\mg( lg\gk gk hjgZd]eYk
[ge g [gf`][ae]flg(
lg\Yk Ykghgjlmfa\Y\]k ]pljYgj\af}jaYk ] h]j\Yk
hgkkn]akYkkmklY\gjYk(
lm\g ]ehYda\][] \aYfl] \Y k]_mafl] [gfka\]jYg
e]lY^ka[Y+
+
wk n]r]k( ^a[g ]klYjj][a\g Ygn]j [geg Ykh]kkgYkhg\]e l]j me \aY
l]jjn]d gm ^a[Yj[ge jYanYhgjim] k]fl]e im] ^gjYe ljYhY[]Y\Ykhgj
meY j]^]ag jmae( hgj me [Y^^jag(meY j]b]ag kg[aYdgm me(Yj][]h*
g jm\]+ G]eZj]*k] \] eaf`Y \ak[mkkgfg >Yhlmdg5 kgZj] Y\a^ass\Y*
\] ]e k] h]j[]Z]j YkhjgZYZada\Y\]kn]j\Y\]ajYk \] ]n]flgk im] \e_]e
kmYhjhjaY na\Y+@kim][]egk jYha\Ye]fl] im] ]klYjnangb} meY kgjl]
]pljYgj\af}jaY( me ]n]flg j]eglg( meY g[gjjf[aY Yd]YljaY
\] hjghgj*
]k egfkljmgkYk+
+ X
DeY_af] meY hYjl[mdY
\] hg]ajY YgdY\g\] me hdYf]lYZd.`g]k s]+n]*
r]k g lYeYf`g \Y O]jjY+< hYjl[mdY
\] hg]ajY j]hj]k]flY YhjgZYZada\Y*
\] Y^Yngj\] k]mfYk[ae]flg8 g hdYf]lY_a_Yfl]k[g k]jaYYhjgZYZada\Y\]
[gfljY+ KgjlYflg( \]ap] \] k] hj]g[mhYj [ge [gakYkh]im]fYk+ Ig k]bY
[geg g af_jYlg im] _Yf`gm me [Ykl]dg\] hj]k]fl] ] hj]g[mhgm*k] [ge
g eg^g fg ZYf`]ajg+ KYj] \] gd`Yj gk \]fl]k \g [YnYdgim] _Yf`gm \]
hj]k]fl] *d]eZj]*k] \] W[K_UIg me >bkf] I]_jg+ @gZja_Y\g hgj d]j
e]m danjg+
$

9= .4=80=

-<,8.9=

/0 C0@2084,

T]n_]faY FjYkfgnY ]fljgm fY `aZ]jfYg f][]kk}jaY hYjY]k[j]n]j me

fgng danjg+@dY
^a[gmfY [a\Y\] \] IgnY Tgjc( gf\] Y[`gm eYak ^}[ad]f*
[gfljYj ljYfiada\Y\]( Y kk [ge g l]plg+ @jYeYak ^}[adk] [gf[]fljYj
\]hgak \] dgf_gk h]jg\gk fgk imYak^a[YnY[]j[Y\Y hgj emdla\]k( ]k*
h]jYf\g \]hYjYj*k] [ge I]jg hYjYim] hm\]kk] ^Yr]j me [ge]fl}jag
eYda[agkg[ge ]d]( lYdn]r`mead`}*Dg(hgkkan]de]fl] j][gfimakl}*Dg(@dY
[Yf[].-m kmY[gflY \] ]*eYad(hYkkgmY]k[j]n]j Yeg( hgakY[`YnYj].Y*
pYfl]( ] [gfljYlgm meY k][j]l}jaY hYjY\Yladg_jY^Yj
g l]plg+ KYkkgm
galg
Yfgk ]k[j]n]f\g( YhY_Yf\g([gjja_af\g( \]k[Yjj]_Yf\g g[YkagfYde]fl]
kmYjYanYfY k][j]l}jaY( ]flj]naklYf\g fgnYk k][j]l}jaYk ] j]]k[j]n]f\g
[YdeYe]fl]+ N]mYhYjlYe]flg ]klYnY]f^meYY\g( [ge hYhak]khYd`Y*
\gk kgZj] lg\Yk Ykkmh]j^[a]k+
>geg lg\g YjlaklY(
h]jeYf][aY afkYlak^]alY
[ge g ]klY\g \] [gehd]lm\] \] kmYgZjY(eYk k]flaYim] laf`Y a\g emalg
eYak ^mf\g \g im] [ge g hjae]ajg danjg+@dY
jaY\g hZda[gim] ]pYdlYnY
g ljYZYd`gYfl]jagj( hgak Y_gjYg [gfka\]jYnY kmh]j^a[aYd(
[gf[dm\g |k
hj]kkYk] fg ^adljY\g+
LmYf\g g fgng danjg(YhjghjaY\Ye]fl] aflalmdY\gANK:UUV VJ [a[dgW(
^gadYfY\g(T]n_]faY ^gakm^a[a]fl]e]fl] ]kh]jlY hYjY]nalYjYaehj]fkY ]
a_fgjYj Ykj]k]f`Yk ] h]jeYf][]m akgdY\Y\g emf\g ]pl]jagj+ >geg ]k*
h]jY\g h]dg ]\algj( Yk[jla[Yk^gjYe ]dg_agkYk+
HYk(]kljYf`Ye ]fl]( hgm*

[Ykh]kkgYk]klYnYe [gehjYf\g g danjg+Jk ^khYkkYjYeYfgk ]kh]jYf\g

] ^YdYf\gkgZj] ]d]+J ]\algj( im] Y_gjYlaf`Y meY [gd]g emalg _jYf\]
\] [mdgk[gj*\]*jgkY ] Y\glYjYme ]kladg\] na\Y ]pljYnY_Yfl]( ]klYnY
fYim]d] ege]flg
YhgklYf\g lm\g ]e T]n_]faY+@d]fg lan]jYf]f`me
gmljg km[]kkgf]e laf`Y gmljg ]e naklY+Kj][akYnY^YlmjYjemalg hYjY
hY_Yjhgj kmY\ORRG
]e >Yjh]fljYk( fY Kjgn]f[]( ] [gZjaj Yk\]kh]kYk \g
Y[gj\g ^afYf[]ajg ^]alg [ge Y]p*]khgkY(Ykkae[geg [gehjYj me fgng
EY_mYj
[gfn]jkn]d %[gj*\]*jgkY&+
@klYnY
[]jlg \] im] laf`Y ZgYk[`Yf[]k
[ge g danjglg Y_mYj\Y\g\] T]n_]faY( ] fg [gfk]_maY]fl]f\]j
hgj
im] lg\gk \araYe im] ]jY meY gZjY*hjaeY eYk faf_me g [gehjYnY+
Pe Yfg ] e]ag \]hgak( ANK:UUV]klYnY]^]lanYe]fl] ^gjY\] [Yl}dg_g+J
]\algj( Y_gjY[ge _jYn]khjgZd]eYk ^afYf[]ajgk(Y[`YnYim] kYZaY
g egla*
ng7g danjg]jY !dgf_g hjY [vvvv] !* T]n_]faY \]n]jaY l]j ]k[jalg me danjg
eYak[mjlg+?]hgak \] me ]pl]fkg ]hak\ag [`gjgkg( eYk ljYfiadarY\gj(
T]n_]faY h]fkgm fgk h]jkgfY_]fk fgk jgeYf[]k [`mngkgk \] B]gj_]k
Nae]fgf ] BjY`Ye Bj]]f]+ @d]knanaYe]e me ]klY\g \] e]\ag[ja\Y\]
]flgjh][]fl]
] k]_mjY+N]j \] k]_mf\Y [dYkk]laf`Y k]m[`Yje]( h]fkgm
T]n_]faY( ] ]dYk]ehj] hj]^]jajY [`Yje] YZ]d]rY+
KgjlYflg( g k]_mf\g danjg\] T]n_]faY lYeZe ^game >akf] I]_jg+