The WWW Glossary - Terms You Need To Know

Your reference for phrases and terms used out in the www
APACHE
The most common web server (or HTTP server) software on the Internet. Apache is an
open-source application originally created from a series of changes ("patches") made
to a web server written at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the
same place the Mosaic web browser was created.
Apache is designed as a set of modules, enabling administrators to choose which

features they wish to use and making it easy to add features to meet specific needs
inlcuding handling protocols other than the web-standard HTTP.
BANDWIDTH
How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits-per-
second (bps.) A full page of English text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move
about 57,000 bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video would require roughly
10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on compression.
BLOG - (WEB LOG)

A blog is basically a journal that is available on the web. The activity of updating a blog
is "blogging" and someone who keeps a blog is a "blogger." Blogs are typically updated
daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to
update and maintain the blog.
Postings on a blog are almost always arranged in chronological order with the most
recent additions featured most prominently.
It is common for blogs to be available as RSS feeds.
BROADBAND
Generally refers to connections to the Internet with much greater bandwidth than
you can get with a modem. There is no specific definition of the speed of a
"broadband" connection but in general any Internet connection using DSL or a via
Cable-TV may be considered a broadband connection.
CGI BIN
The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGIprograms are
stored.
CLIENT
A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software
program on another computer, often across a great distance. EachClient program is
designed to work with one or more specific kinds of Server programs, and each Server
requires a specific kind of Client. A Web Browser is a specific kind of Client.
CONTAINERS
Containers refer to the area enclosed by <start> and </stop> tags where the
commands take effect. Some tags, such as <HTML> enclose the entire document,
others enclose lists, and others can enclose a single world. One of the more common
problems in writing HTML is when one forgets to add a stop tag and clse of the
container, thus leaving the tag to effect the rest of the document. So try and keep
track of each container that you create.
COOKIE
The most common meaning of "Cookie" on the Internet refers to a piece of information
sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to
save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests
from the Server. Depending on the type of Cookie used, and the Browsers' settings,
the Browser may accept or not accept the Cookie, and may save the Cookie for
either a short time or a long time.
Cookies might contain information such as login or registration information, online

"shopping cart" information, user preferences, etc.
When a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes a Cookie, the Server
is able to use the information stored in the Cookie. For example, the Server might
customize what is sent back to the user, or keep a log of particular users' requests.
Cookies are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of time and are
usually saved in memory until the Browser software is closed down, at which time they
may be saved to disk if their "expire time" has not been reached.
Cookies do not read your hard drive and send your life story to the CIA, but they can
be used to gather more information about a user than would be possible without them.
CSS
A standard for specifying the appearance of text and other elements. CSS was
developed for use with HTML in Web pages but is also used in other situations, notably
in applications built using XPFE. CSS is typically used to provide a single "library" of
styles that are used over and over throughout a large number of related documents,
as in a web site. A CSS file might specify that all numbered lists are to appear in italics.
By changing that single specification the look of a large number of documents can be
easily changed.
DHTML - (DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

DHTML refers to web pages that use a combination of HTML, JavaScript, and CSS to
create features such as letting the user drag items around on the web page, some
simple kinds of animation, and many more.
DNS - (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

The Domain Name System is the system that translates Internet domain names into IP
numbers. A "DNS Server" is a server that performs this kind of translation.
DOMAIN NAME
The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or
more parts, separated by dots. The part on the left is the most specific, and the part
on the right is the most general. A given machine may have more than one Domain
Name but a given Domain Name points to only one machine. For example, the domain
names:
modeltemplate.com mail.modeltemplate.com workshop.modeltemplate.com
can all refer to the same machine, but each domain name can refer to no more than
one machine. Usually, all of the machines on a given Network will have the same thing
as the right-hand portion of their Domain Names (matisse.net in the examples above).
It is also possible for a Domain Name to exist but not be connected to an actual
machine. This is often done so that a group or business can have an Internet e-mail
address without having to establish a real Internet site. In these cases, some real
Internet machine must handle the mail on behalf of the listed Domain Name.
FIRE WALL
A combination of hardware and software that separates a Network into two or more
parts for security purposes.
FTP - (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

A very common method of moving files between two Internet sites. FTP is a way to
login to another Internet site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files.
There are many Internet sites that have established publicly accessible repositories
of material that can be obtained using FTP, by logging in using the account name
"anonymous", thus these sites are called "anonymous ftp servers".
FTP was invented and in wide use long before the advent of the World Wide Web and
originally was always used from a text-only interface.
GIF - (GRAPHIC INTERCHANGE FORMAT)

A common format for image files, especially suitable for images containing large areas
of the same color. GIF format files of simple images are often smaller than the same file
would be if stored in JPEG format, but GIF format does not store photographic images
as well as JPEG.
HOST
Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other
computers on the network. It is quite common to have one host machine provide
several services, such as SMTP (email) and HTTP (web).
HTML - (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

While it is not an official computer language such as C++ or pascal, HTML is the way in
which computers communicate across the world wide web. It consists of many tags
that allow writers to mark-up text documents so that they can be viewed by others
using web browsers.
HTTP - (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

The protocol for moving hypertextfiles across the Internet. Requires a HTTP client
program on one end, and an HTTP server program (such as Apache) on the other end.
HTTP is the most important protocol used in the World Wide Web (WWW).
IMAP - (INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL)

IMAP is gradually replacing POP as the main protocol used by email clients in
communicating with email servers. Using IMAP an email client program can not only
retrieve email but can also manipulate message stored on the server, without having
to actually retrieve the messages. So messages can be deleted, have their status
changed, multiple mail boxes can be managed, etc.
IMAP is defined in RFC 2060
INTERNET
The internet is a connection of millions of computers across the world. It allows each
computer to access the information stored on others. It includes e-mail, file transfer,
the WWW and many other elements.
JAVA
Java is a network-friendly programming language invented by Sun Microsystems. Java
is often used to build large, complex systems that involve several different computers
interacting across networks, for example transaction processing systems. Java is
also used to create software with graphical user interfaces such as editors, audio
players, web browsers, etc. Java is also popular for creating programs that run in
small electronic devicws, such as mobile telephones Using small Java programs (called
"Applets"), Web pages can include functions such as animations,calculators, and other
fancy tricks.
JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is a programming language that is mostly used in web pages, usually to add
features that make the web page more interactive. When JavaScript is included in an
HTML file it relies upon the browser to interpret the JavaScript. When JavaScript is
combined with Cascading Style Sheets(CSS), and later versions of HTML (4.0 and later)
the result is often called DHTML.
JPEG - (JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP)

JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image files. JPEG format is preferred
to the GIF format for photographic images as opposed to line art or simple logo art.
LINUX
A widely used Open Source Unix-like operating system. Linux was first released by its
inventor Linus Torvalds in 1991. There are versions of Linux for almost every available
type of computer hardware from desktop machines to IBM mainframes. The inner
workings of Linux are open and available for anyone to examine and change as long as
they make their changes available to the public. This has resulted in thousands of
people working on various aspects of Linux and adaptation of Linux for a huge variety
of purposes, from servers to TV-recording boxes.
META TAG
A specific kind of HTML tag that contains information not normally displayed to the
user. Meta tags contan information about the page itself, hence the name ("meta"
means "about this subject"). Typical uses of Meta tags are to include information for
search engines to help them better categorize a page.
You can see the Meta tags in a page if you view the pages' source code.
NETSCAPE
A WWW Browser and the name of a company. The Netscape (tm) browser was
originally based on the Mosaic program developed at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
PIXELS
Pixels are a method of measurement used in the computer world. Your computer
screen's resolution is measured in pixels, 832*624, 640*480, etc. They are the number
of "dots, or pixels, that computer displays horizontally and vertically. This allows for a
standard to be set, so that a 100*50 picture always comes up as the same relative
size, but could vary in absolute size depending on the resolution of your monitor.
PDF - (PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT)

A file format designed to enable printing and viewing of documents with all their
formatting (typefaces, images, layout, etc.) appearing the same regardless of what
operating system is used, so a PDF document should look the same on Windows,
Macintosh, linux, OS/2, etc. The PDF format is based on the widely used Postcript
document-description language. Both PDF and Postscript were developed by the
Adobe Corporation.
PERL - (PRACTICAL EXTRACTION AND REPORT LANGUAGE)

Perl is a programming language that is widely used for both very simple, small tasks
and for very large complex applications.
During the 1990s it became the de-facto standard for creating CGI programs. Perl is
known for providing many ways to accomplish the same task, with "there's more than
one way to do it" being something of a motto in the Perl community.
Because it is so easy to perform simple tasks in Perl it is often used by people with
little or no formal programming training, and because Perl provides many
sophisticated features it is often used by professionals for creating complex data-
processing software, including the "server-side" of large web sites. Perl does not
provide significant support for creating programs with a graphical user interface.
PHP - PHP: HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR)

PHP is a programming language used almost exclusively for creating software that is
part of a web site. The PHP language is designed to be intermingled with the HTML
that is used to create web pages. Unlike HTML, the PHP code is read and processed by
the web server software (HTML is read and processed by the web browser software
PING
To check if a server is running. From the sound that a sonar systems makes in movies,
you know, when they are searching for a submarine.
PNG - (PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS)

PNG is a graphics format specifically designed for use on the World Wide Web. PNG
enable compression of images without any loss of quality, including high-resolution
images. Another important feature of PNG is that anyone may create software that
works with PNG images without paying any fees - the PNG standard is free of any
licensing costs.
PROTOCOL
On the Internet "protocol" usually refers to a set of rules that define an exact format
for communication between systems. For example the HTTP protocol defines the
format for communication between web browsers and web servers, the IMAP protocol
defines the format for communication between IMAP email servers and clients, and
the SSL protocol defines a format for encrypted communications over the Internet.
Virtually all Internet protocls are defined in RFC documents.
RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE LINKS

Relative and absolute links are styles of links that one finds connecting a web page to
other pages, files, etc. Relative links look like this /~ahetting/htmlprimer.html. They
consist of telling the link where to find what it is looking for, but leave out the server
that the page is attached to because the original page and the one being sought after
are in the same directory(folder or server). The same link in absolute link format
would look like this http:/serendip.brynmawr.edu/~ahetting/htmlprimer.html. It
includes the complete web address of the sought after page. They accommplish the
same goal, but each has it's advantages and disadvantages. If you move a folder with
web pages with relative links to a new server, then nothing will happen and all the
links will remain stable. But if you were to only move one of those pages, then it's links
would be broken because the other pages would be in a differnt directory(folder or
server). Absolute links have the opposite effect, if you move one file then it's links will
be fine.
RSS - (RICH SITE SUMMARY OR RDF SITE SUMMARY OR REAL SIMPLE

SYNDICATION)
A commonly used protocol for syndication and sharing of content, originally developed
to facilitate the syndication of news articles, now widely used to share the contents
of blogs. Mashups are often made using RSS feeds.
RSS is an XML-based summary of a web site, usually used for syndication and other
kinds of content-sharing.
There are RSS "feeds" which are sources of RSS information about web sites, and RSS
"readers" which read RSS feeds and display their content to users.
RSS is being overtaken by a newer, more complex protocol called Atom.
SEARCH ENGINE
A (usually web-based) system for searching the information available on the
Web. Some search engines work by automatically searching the contents of other
systems and creating a database of the results. Other search engines contains only
material manually approved for inclusion in a database, and some combine the two
approaches.
SEO - (SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION)

The practice of designing web pages so that they rank as high as possible in search
results from search engines.
There is "good" SEO and "bad" SEO. Good SEO involves making the web page clearly
describe its subject, making sure it contains truly useful information, including
accurate information in Meta tags, and arranging for other web sites to make links to
the page. Bad SEO involves attempting to deceive people into believing the page is
more relevant than it truly is by doing things like adding inaccurate Meta tags to the
page.
SERVER
A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client
software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of
software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine on which the software is
running, e.g. "Our mail server is down today, that's why e-mail isn't getting out." A
single server machine can (and often does) have several different server software
packages running on it, thus providing many different servers to clients on the
network.
Sometimes server software is designed so that additional capabilities can be added to

the main program by adding small programs known as servlets.
SMTP - (SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

The main protocol used to send electronic mail from server to server on the
Internet. SMTP is defined in RFC 821 and modified by many later RFC's.
SPAM
An inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or other networked
communications facility as if it was a broadcast medium (which it is not) by sending
the same message to a large number of people who didn?t ask for it. The term probably
comes from a famous Monty Python skit which featured the word spam repeated over
and over. The term may also have come from someone?s low opinion of the food
product with the same name, which is generally perceived as a generic content-free
waste of resources. (Spam® is a registered trademark of Hormel Corporation, for its
processed meat product.)
SQL - (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)

A specialized language for sending queries to databases. Most industrial-strength and
many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. Each specific
application will have its own slightly different version of SQL implementing features
unique to that application, but all SQL-capable databases support a common subset of
SQL. A example of an SQL statement is: SELECT name,email FROM people_table WHERE
contry='uk'
TAGS
Tags are the commands that give HTML documents their functionality. They consist of
commands placed within < and >. Some tags work by placing a start and stop tag at
each end of the desired text, such as below <big>.This makes the text bigger
<big>.The stop tags are often the same as the start with the addition of "/" at the
beginning of the stop tag. Using both of these tags places the desired text in a
container. But not all tags need to use a container, and thus don't need a stop tag. In
the glossary below you will find a "</>" next to the tags that require a stop tag.
TYPOGRAPHY
The study of fonts and the way that type appears.
WEB BROWSERS
Web browsers are the applications that allow one to view HTML documents from
either your own computer or from any other computer connected to the internet.
WWW
Short for 'World Wide Web'. This is the collective name for all the web pages stored on
the internet.
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Your reference for phrases and terms used out in the www

Apache is designed as a set of modules, enabling administrators to choose which

BLOG - (WEB LOG)

It is common for blogs to be available as RSS feeds.

Cookies might contain information such as login or registration information, online

DHTML - (DYNAMIC HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

DNS - (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

FTP - (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

GIF - (GRAPHIC INTERCHANGE FORMAT)

HTML - (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

HTTP - (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

IMAP - (INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL)

IMAP is defined in RFC 2060

JPEG - (JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP)

PDF - (PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT)

PERL - (PRACTICAL EXTRACTION AND REPORT LANGUAGE)

PHP - PHP: HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR)

PNG - (PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS)

Virtually all Internet protocls are defined in RFC documents.

RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE LINKS

RSS - (RICH SITE SUMMARY OR RDF SITE SUMMARY OR REAL SIMPLE

RSS is being overtaken by a newer, more complex protocol called Atom.

SEO - (SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION)

Sometimes server software is designed so that additional capabilities can be added to

SMTP - (SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL)

SQL - (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)

Professional Website Templates

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