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Grey
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This article is about the color. For other uses of Grey or Gray, see Grey (disambiguation).
Grey or gray (see spelling differences) is an
Current events
intermediate color between black and white. It is a
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neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is
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a color "without color."[2] It is the color of a cloud-
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covered sky, of ash and of lead.[3]
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Grey/Gray
The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the

English language was in AD 700.[4] Grey is the
dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth
English, although gray remained in common usage in
the UK until the second half of the 20th century.[5]
Gray has been the preferred American spelling since
approximately 1825,[6] although grey is an accepted
variant.[7][8]
Color coordinates
Hex triplet
#808080
In Europe and the United States, surveys show that
sRGBB (r, g, b)
(128, 128, 128)
grey is the color most commonly associated with
CMYKH (c, m, y, k)
(0, 0, 0, 50)
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Permanent link
Page information
conformity, boredom, uncertainty, old age,
Wikidata item
indifference, and modesty. Only one percent of
Cite this page
respondents chose it as their favorite
Print/export
Create a book
Contents [hide]
Download as PDF
1 Etymology
Printable version
2 Variations of grey
Languages
Afrikaans
nglisc
color.[9]
CMYK
HSV
(c, m, y, k)
(h, s, v)
Source
(--, 0%, 50%)

HTML/CSS[1]
B: Normalized to [0255] (byte)

H: Normalized to [0100] (hundred)
3 Grey in history and art

4 Grey in the sciences, nature, and technology
5 Grey in culture
6 Associations and symbolism
Aragons
7 See also
Armneashti
8 References
Asturianu
9 Bibliography
Avae'
10 External links
Aymar aru
Azrbaycanca
Bahasa Banjar
Basa Banyumasan
Etymology
[edit]
Grey comes from the Middle English grai or grei, from the Anglo-Saxon graeg, and is related to the
German grau.[10] The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the English language was in AD
700.[4]
Brezhoneg
Catal
etina
Cymraeg
Variations of grey
[edit]
Main article: Variations of grey
Dansk
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Dansk
Deitsch
Deutsch
Eesti
Espaol
Esperanto
Euskara
Franais
Fog in Venice
Blocks of lead shielding
Column of volcanic ash
a radioactive sample
from vent on Crater Peak,

Mount Spurr
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Basa Jawa
Kreyl ayisyen
Kurd
Ladino
Latina
Latvieu
Ltzebuergesch
Gibeon meteorite
A gray wolf.
Cadets at the U.S.

Military Academy at
Lietuvi
West Point wear grey.
Lumbaart
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Bahasa Melayu
Mng-dng-ng
Nhuatl
Nederlands
Battleship grey or
variations on this shade
Norsk bokml
is the standard color for
Norsk nynorsk
U.S. warships and those
Nouormand
of many other navies,
Occitan
since it is less visible
Polski
from a distance. The
Portugus
battleship pictured is the
Romn
USS Missouri, built in
Runa Simi
1944.
Scots
Simple English
Slovenina
/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Grey in history and art
[edit]
Antiquity through the Middle Ages [edit]

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, grey was the color of undyed wool, and thus was the color most
commonly worn by peasants and the poor. It was also the color worn by monks of the Franciscan
Svenska
order, Cistercian Order and the Capucine Order as a symbol of their vows of humility and poverty.
Tagalog
Franciscan monks in England and Scotland were commonly known as the Grey friars, and that
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name is now attached to many places in Great Britain.
Trke
Vneto
Ting Vit
Vro
Winaray
Edit links
Saint Bernard of
Portrait of Saint Francis,
Clairvaux, a Cistercian
the founder of the
monk, wore robes of
Franciscan Order, by El
undyed grey wool.
Greco. He also chose

grey as the color of
humility.
The Renaissance and the Baroque [edit]

During the Renaissance and the Baroque, grey began to play an important role in fashion and art.
Black became the most popular color of the nobility, particularly in Italy, France and Spain, and
grey and white were harmonious with it.
Grey was also frequently used for the drawing of oil paintings, a technique called grisaille. The
painting would first be composed in grey and white, and then the colors, made with thin
transparent glazes, would be added on top. The grisaille beneath would provide the shading,
visible through the layers of color. Sometimes the grisaille was simply left uncovered, giving the
appearance of carved stone.
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Grey was a particularly good background color for gold and for skin tones. It became the most
common background for the portraits of Rembrandt Van Rijn and for many of the paintings of El
Greco, who used it to highlight the faces and constumes of the central figures. The palette of
Rembrandt was composed almost entirely of somber colors. He composed his warm greys out of
black pigments made from charcoal or burnt animal bones, mixed with lead white or a white made
of lime, which he warmed with a little red lake color from cochineal or madder. In one painting, the
portrait of Margaretha de Geer (1661), one part of a grey wall in the background is painted with a
layer of dark brown over a layer of orange, red, and yellow earths, mixed with ivory black and some
lead white. Over this he put an additional layer of glaze made of mixture of blue smalt, red ochre,
and yellow lake. Using these ingredients and many others, he made greys which had, according to
art historian Philip Ball, "an incredible subtlety of pigmentation."[11] The warm, dark and rich greys
and browns served to emphasize the golden light on the faces in the paintings. .
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The Burial of the Count
Rembrandt Van Rijn self-
of Orgaz (1588) by El
portrait, 1629. Rembrandt
Greco is a swirling
placed his figures against
carousel of greys.
extremely complex
greys, made up of many
tones and hints of color
to highlight the face in
the center.
Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries [edit]

Grey became a highly fashionable color in the 18th century, both for women's dresses and for
men's waistcoats and coats. It looked particularly luminous coloring the silk and satin fabrics worn
by the nobility and wealthy.
Women's fashion in the 19th century was dominated by Paris, while men's fashion was set by
London. The grey business suit appeared in the mid-19th century in London; light grey in summer,
dark grey in winter; replacing the more colorful palette of men's clothing early in the century.
The clothing of women working in the factories and workshops of Paris in the 19th century was
usually grey. This gave them the name of grisettes. "Gris" or grey also meant drunk, and the name
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"grisette" was also given to the lower class of Parisian prostitutes.

Grey also became a common color for military uniforms; in an age of rifles with longer range,
soldiers in grey were less visible as targets than those in blue or red. Grey was the color of the
uniforms of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and of the Prussian Army during
the Franco-German War of 1870.
Several artists of the mid-19th century used different tones of grey to create memorable paintings;
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot used tones of green-grey and blue grey to give harmony to his
landscapes, and James McNeill Whistler created a special grey for the background of the portrait
of his mother, and for his own self-portrait.
Whistler's arrangement of different tones of grey had an effect on the world of music, on the
French composer Claude Debussy. In 1894, Debussy wrote to violinist Eugne Ysae describing
his Nocturnes as "an experiment in the different combinations that can be obtained from one color
what a study in grey would be in painting."[12]
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Portrait of Captain
Portrait of Charlotte
Private Edwin Francis
Augustus Keppel (1752)
Walsingham, Lady
Jemison of the
by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Fitzgerald by John
Confederate Army,
Hoppner (18th century).
(between 1860 and
Grey was a color of high
1862), a soldier in the
fashion in the 18th
American Civil War, wore
century.
a grey uniform. The war

was sometimes called
the War of the blue and
the grey.
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An oak in the Forest of
Arrangement in grey and
The Self-Portrait of
Fontainbleau, by Jean-
black no.1 by James
James McNeill Whistler
Baptiste-Camille Corot
McNeill Whistler, (1871),
(1872), also called
(about 1830).
better known as
'Arrangement in grey"
Whistler's Mother.
was a virtuoso concert of

different tones of grey.
Twentieth and twenty-first centuries [edit]

In the late 1930s, grey became a symbol of industrialization and war. It was the dominant color of
Pablo Picasso's celebrated painting about the horrors of the Spanish Civil War, Guernica.[13]
After the war, the grey business suit became a metaphor for uniformity of thought, popularized in
such books as The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1955), which became a successful film in
1956.[14]
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Grey concrete was a

popular building material
for monumental works of
modern architecture in
the late 20th century.
This is the Salk Institute
in La Jolla, California
(1959) by American
architect Louis Kahn.
Grey in the sciences, nature, and technology
[edit]
Grey storm clouds [edit]

The whiteness or darkness of clouds is a function of
their depth. Small, fluffy white clouds in summer look
white because the sunlight is being scattered by the
tiny water droplets they contain, and that white light
comes to the viewer's eye. However, as clouds
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become larger and thicker, the white light cannot

penetrate through the cloud, and is reflected off the
top. Clouds look darkest grey during thunderstorms,
when they can be as much as 20,000 to 30,000 feet
high.
Storm clouds towards Clare Island,

Ireland.
Stratiform clouds are a layer of clouds that covers the

entire sky, and which have a depth of between a few hundred to a few thousand feet thick. The
thicker the clouds, the darker they appear from below, because little of the sunlight is able to pass
through. From above, in an airplane, the same clouds look perfectly white, but from the ground the
sky looks gloomy and grey.[15]
The greying of hair [edit]

The color of a person's hair is created by the pigment melanin, found in the core of each hair.
Melanin is also responsible for the color of the skin and of the eyes. There are only two types of
pigment; dark (eumelanin) or light (phaeomelanin). Combined in various combinations, these
pigments create all natural hair colors.
Melanin itself is the product of a specialized cell, the melanocyte, which is found in each hair
follicle, from which the hair grows. As hair grows, the melanocyte injects melanin into the hair cells,
which contain the protein keratin and which makes up our hair, skin, and nails. As long as the
melanocytes continue injecting melanin into the hair cells, the hair retains its original color. At a
certain age, however, which varies from person to person, the amount of melanin injected is
reduced and eventually stops. The hair, without pigment, turns grey and eventually white. The
reason for this decline of production of melanocytes is uncertain. In the February 2005 issue of
Science, a team of Harvard scientists suggested that the cause was the failure of the melanocyte
stem cells to maintain the production of the essential pigments, due to age or genetic factors, after
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a certain period of time. For some people, the breakdown comes in their twenties; for others, many
years later.[16] According to the site of the magazine Scientific American, "Generally speaking,
among Caucasians 50 percent are 50 percent gray by age 50."[17] Adult male gorillas also develop
silver hair but only on their backs, see Physical characteristics of gorillas.
Christine Lagarde, head
Actor Donald Sutherland
of the International
Monetary Fund
Optics of grey [edit]

Over the centuries, artists have traditionally created grey by mixing black and white in various
proportions. They added a little red to make a warmer grey, or a little blue for a cooler grey. Artists
could also make a grey by mixing two complementary colors, such as orange and blue.
Today the grey on televisions, computer displays and telephones is usually created using the RGB
color model. Red, green, and blue light combined at full intensity on the black screen makes white;
by lowering the intensity, it is possible to create different shades of grey.
In printing, grey is usually obtained with the CMYK color model, using cyan, magenta, yellow and
black. Grey is produced either by using black and white, or by combining equal amounts of cyan,
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magenta and yellow. Most greys have a cool or warm cast to them, as the human eye can detect
even a minute amount of color saturation. Yellow, orange, and red create a "warm grey". Green,
blue, and violet create a "cool grey".[18] When no color is added, the color is "neutral grey",
"achromatic grey" or simply "grey". Images consisting wholly of black, white and greys are called
monochrome, black-and-white or greyscale.
Warm grey
Cool grey
Mixed with 6% yellow.
Mixed with 6% blue.
RGB model
Grey values result when r = g = b, for the color (r, g, b)
CMYK model
Grey values are produced by c = m = y = 0, for the color (c, m, y, k). Lightness is adjusted by
varying k. In theory, any mixture where c = m = y is neutral, but in practice such mixtures are
often a muddy brown (see discussion on this topic).
HSL and HSV model
Achromatic greys have no hue, so the h code is marked as "undefined" using a dash: -- ; greys
also result whenever s is 0 or undefined, as is the case when v is 0 or l is 0 or 1
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HTML Color Name
Sample
Hex triplet
(rendered by name) (rendered by hex triplet)
gainsboro
#DCDCDC
lightgray
#D3D3D3
silver
#C0C0C0
darkgray
#A9A9A9
gray
#808080
dimgray
#696969
lightslategray
#778899
slategray
#708090
darkslategray
#2F4F4F
Web colors [edit]

There are several tones of grey available for use with HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) as
named colors, while 254 true greys are available by specification of a hex triplet for the RGB value.
All are spelled gray, using the spelling grey can cause errors. This spelling was inherited from the
X11 color list. Internet Explorer's Trident browser engine does not recognize grey and renders it
green. Another anomaly is that gray is in fact much darker than the X11 color marked darkgray;
this is because of a conflict with the original HTML gray and the X11 gray, which is closer to
HTML's silver. The three slategray colors are not themselves on the greyscale, but are slightly
saturated towards cyan (green + blue). Since there are an even (256, including black and white)
number of unsaturated tones of grey, there are two grey tones straddling the midpoint in the 8-bit
greyscale. The color name gray has been assigned the lighter of the two shades (128, also known
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as #808080), due to rounding up.
Grey pigments [edit]

Until the 19th century, artists traditionally created grey by simply combining black and white.
Rembrandt Van Rijn, for instance, usually used lead white and either carbon black or ivory black,
along with touches of either blues or reds to cool or warm the grey.
In the early 19th century, a new grey, Payne's grey, appeared on the market. Payne's grey is a
dark blue-grey, a mixture of ultramarine and black or of ultramarine and Sienna. It is named after
William Payne, a British artist who painted watercolors in the late 18th century. The first recorded
use of Paynes grey as a color name in English was in 1835.[19]
Animal color [edit]

Grey is a very common color for animals, birds and fish, ranging in size from whales to mice. It
provides a natural camouflage and allows them to blend with their surroundings.
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A grey whale travels as
The grey wolf (canis
The African elephant is
much as 11,000
lupus) is the largest wild
the largest land animal.
kilometers annually
member of the Canidae
between its breeding
family.
waters in the Gulf of

California and its feeding
grounds in the Bering
Sea.
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The grey heron is a large

bird found in Europe,
Asia and Africa. A large
colony of grey herons
lives in the center of
Amsterdam.
Grey matter of the brain [edit]

The substance that composes the brain is sometimes referred to as grey matter, or "the little grey
cells", so the color grey is associated with things intellectual. However, the living human brain is
actually pink in color; it only turns grey when dead.
Nanotechnology and grey goo [edit]

Grey goo is to a hypothetical end-of-the-world scenario, also known as ecophagy: out-of-control
self-replicating nanobots consume all living matter on Earth while building more of themselves.[20]
Grey noise [edit]

In sound engineering, grey noise is random noise subjected to a psychoacoustic equal loudness
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curve, such as an inverted A-weighting curve, over a given range of frequencies, giving the
listener the perception that it is equally loud at all frequencies.
Grey in culture
[edit]
Religion [edit]
In the Christian religion, grey is the color of ashes, and so a biblical symbol of mourning and
repentance, described as sackcloth and ashes. It can be used during Lent or on special days of
fasting and prayer. As the color of humility and modesty, grey is worn by monks of the Order of
Friars Minor Capuchin, Franciscan order and Cistercian order.[21]
Buddhist monks and priests in Japan and Korea will often wear a sleeved grey, brown, or black
outer robe.
Taoist priests in China also often wear grey.
A Franciscan monk in
Young Buddhist monks
Taoist priest in Wudang,
Israel
in Korea.
China
Politics [edit]
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Grey is rarely used as a color by political parties, largely because of its common association with
conformity, boredom and indecision.
The term "grey power" or "the grey vote" is sometimes used to describe the influence of older
voters as a voting bloc. In the United States, older people are more likely to vote, and usually vote
to protect certain social benefits, such as Social Security.[22][23]
Greys is a term sometimes used pejoratively by environmentalists in the green movement to
describe those who oppose environmental measures and supposedly prefer the grey of concrete
and cement.
The grey uniform [edit]

During the American Civil War, the soldiers of the Confederate Army wore grey uniforms. At the
beginning of the war, The armies of the North and of the South had very similar uniforms; some
Confederate units wore blue, and some Union units wore grey. There naturally was confusion, and
sometimes soldiers fired by mistake at soldiers of their own army. On June 6, 1861, the
Confederate government issued regulations standarizing the army uniform and establishing cadet
grey as the uniform color. This was (and still is) the color of the uniform of cadets at the United
States Military Academy at West Point, and cadets at the Virginia Military Institute, which produced
many officers for the Confederacy.
The new uniforms were designed by Nicola Marschall, a German-American artist, who also
designed the original Confederate flag. He closely followed the design of contemporary French
and Austrian military uniforms.[24] Grey was not chosen for its camouflage value; this was not
appreciated for several more decades; but because the South did not have a major dye industry
and grey dyes were inexpensive and easy to manufacture. While some units had uniforms colored
with good-quality dyes, which were a solid bluish-grey, others had uniforms colored with vegetable
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dyes made from sumac or logwood, which quickly faded in sunshine to the yellowish color of
butternut squash.
In the last twelve months of the war, the South was able to import uniforms made with good-quality
blue-grey dye from Ireland, made especially for the Confederacy by a firm in Limerick, but by that
time the war was on its way to being lost.
The German Army wore grey uniforms from 1907 until 1945, during both the First World War and
Second World War. The color chosen was a grey-green called field grey, or feldgrau. It was
chosen because it was less visible at a distance than the previous German uniforms, which were
Prussian blue. It was one of the first uniform colors to be chosen for its camouflage value,
important in the new age of smokeless powder and more accurate rifles and machine guns. It gave
the Germans a distinct advantage at the beginning of the First World War, when the French
soldiers were dressed in blue jackets and red trousers.
During World War II, most German soldiers wore the traditional field grey. The soldiers of the Afrika
Korps of General Erwin Rommel wore a lighter grey uniform more suitable for the desert.
Some of the more recent uniforms of the German Army and East German Army were field grey, as
were some uniforms of the Swedish army. The Army of Chile wears field grey today.
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Confederate General
Confederate soldier
German soldiers wearing
Stonewall Jackson at the
Andrew J. Winn (1838-
field grey at the First
Battle of Chancellorsville
1864), died from his
Battle of the Marne
(1863). He was mortally
wounds after the battle of
(1914)
wounded seven days
Spotsylvania Courthouse
after the picture was
(1864)
taken.
Uniforms of German
The Afrika Korps uniform
Soldiers of the East
Army (193945), (U.S.
of General Erwin
German Army wore grey
National Archives)
Rommel, the "Desert
until the fall of the Berlin
Fox" (194142).
Wall.
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The grey suit [edit]

During the 19th century, women's fashions were largely dictated by Paris, while London set
fashions for men. The intent of a business suit was above all to show seriousness, and to show
one's position in business and society. Over the course of the century, bright colors disappeared
from men's fashion, and were largely replaced by a black or dark charcoal grey frock coat in
winter, and lighter greys in summer. In the early 20th century, the frock coat was gradually
replaced by the lounge suit, a less formal version of evening dress, which was also usually black or
charcoal grey. In the 1930s the English suit style was called the drape suit, with wide shoulders
and a nipped waist, usually dark or light grey. After World War II, the style changed to a slimmer fit
called the continental cut, but the color remained grey.[25]
By the second half of the 20th century, men's fashions in suits were determined as much by
Hollywood as by London tailors. The 1950s and 1960s were the age of glory for the grey suit; they
were worn by movie stars, such as Cary Grant and Humphrey Bogart, and by President John F.
Kennedy, who wore a two-button grey suit. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson was the first U.S.
president to be inaugurated wearing an Oxford grey business suit; his predecessors had worn a
formal cutaway coat with striped trousers for their inaugurations.[26] Grey suits also became the
unofficial uniform of Madison Avenue in New York City, the center of the advertising industry.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the style was beginning to change; grey was considered
monotonous and without character. Gradually the dark blue suit gained supremacy. At recent
meetings of the G-20 and other international organizations, nearly every head of state of the world
was wearing a blue business suit.
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William Holden and
Cary Grant in a grey
The official portrait of
Humphrey Bogart in grey
summer suit in the Alfred
President John F.
business suits in the
Hitchcock film North by
Kennedy, in a grey suit.
1954 film Sabrina.
Northwest (1959).
(1963).
Bogart, as the serious

older brother in the film,
wears the darker grey.
Ethics [edit]
In ethics, grey is either used pejoratively to describe situations that have no clear moral value; "the
grey area", or positively to balance an all-black or all-white view; for example, shades of grey
represent magnitudes of good and bad.
Folklore [edit]
In folklore, grey is often associated with goblins, elves and other legendary mischievous creatures.
Scandinavian folklore often depicts gnomes and nisser in grey clothing. This is partly because of
their association with dusk, as well as because these creatures were said to be outside traditional
moral standards of black and white.
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The writer J. R. R. Tolkien made use of this folkloric symbolism of grey in his works, which often
draw upon Scandinavian folkloric names and themes. Gandalf is called the Grey Pilgrim; settings
include the Grey Havensay and Ered Mithrin, the grey mountains; and characters include the Grey
Elves.
Illustration of goblins by
Goya
Sports [edit]
In baseball, grey is the color typically used for road uniforms. This came about because in the
19th and early 20th century, away teams didn't normally have access to laundry facilities on the
road, thus stains were not noticeable on the darker grey uniforms as opposed to the white
uniforms worn by the home team.
Parapsychology [edit]
Believers in parapsychology say that those who are suffering from the mental illness of depression
have grey auras.[27]
Gay culture [edit]

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In gay slang, a grey queen is a gay person who works for the financial services industry (this
term originates from the fact that in the 1950s, people who worked in this profession often wore
grey flannel suits).[28]
Associations and symbolism
[edit]
In America and Europe, grey is one of the least popular colors; In a European survey, only one
percent of men said it was their favorite color, and thirteen percent called it their least favorite
color; the response from women was almost the same. According to color historian Eva Heller,
"grey is too weak to be considered masculine, but too menacing to be considered a feminine color.
It is neither warm nor cold, neither material or spiritual. With grey, nothing seems to be
decided."[29]
Conformity [edit]
Grey is the color of conformity- not having any personality of its own, it adapts to any other color. It
will look either dark or light, depending upon the color next to it.
Boredom [edit]
In Europe and America, grey is the color most associated with boredom, solitude and emptiness. It
is associated with rainy days and winter. In the novel Faust, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the
hero is pursued by four "grey women"; pain, necessity, guilt and misery, who follow him until his
death.
Reflection and uncertainty [edit]

One of the rare positive associations of grey is with mental power and reflection; with the brain. In
the novels by Agatha Christie, the detective Hercule Poirot refers frequently to the "little grey cells"
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the novels by Agatha Christie, the detective Hercule Poirot refers frequently to the "little grey cells"
of his brain which help him solve mysteries. Grey and blue, when put next to each other, have a
positive association of reflection, while grey white and blue put together are associated with
science.
Grey is also the color most associated with uncertainty; a "grey area" is a subject covered by a law
or policy where there is lack of clarity.
Shadows and secrecy [edit]

Grey is commonly associated with secrecy and shadows. An eminence grise in politics is a person
who controls and manipulates people in power in a sinister way without his role being known to the
public.The phrase originated as a description of Franois Leclerc du Tremblay, the French monk
who served as advisor to Cardinal de Richelieu.
Old age [edit]

Grey is the color most commonly associated in many cultures with the elderly and old age,
because of the association with grey hair; it symbolizes the wisdom and dignity that come with
experience and age. The New York Times is sometimes called The Grey Lady because of its long
history and esteemed position in American journalism.[30]
Poverty and modesty [edit]

Grey is the color most often associated in Europe and America with modesty. As the color of
undyed wool, it was the color worn by peasants and the poor, and was reputed to be the color of
the clothing of Jesus Christ, and for that reason is the color worn by monks of the Cistercian and
Franciscan orders. As the color of modesty, it is also associated with fairy tales; the character
Cinderella takes her name from the color of cinders or ashes. Hers is the story of a poor virtuous
woman who suffers humiliations from those above her until she meets her prince. Griselda or
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Griseldisa similar character who exists in Italian, French German folklore, and in Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales[31]is known for her patience despite her suffering, and takes her name directly
from the color grey.
See also
[edit]
Black
Black-and-white
Eigengrau
List of colors
Variations of grey
Vin gris (grey wine in French)
White
References
[edit]
1. ^ W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords
Archived
14 December 2010 at WebCite
2. ^ Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, Third College Edition.
3. ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition, 2002.
4. ^ a
Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196
5. ^ Marianne Celce-Murcia, Donna Brinton, and Janet M. Goodwin (1996). Teaching pronunciation: a
reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages
. Cambridge University Press.
p. 282. ISBN 978-0-521-40694-9.

6. ^ "Gray vs. grey"
. Grammarist. February 17, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
7. ^ "Grey - Definition and More"
. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved
6 April 2012.
pdfcrowd.com
8. ^ "Gray - Definition and More"
. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved
6 April 2012.
9. ^ Heller, Eva, Psychologie de la Couleur, p. 224-242
10. ^ Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, 1964.
11. ^ Philip Ball (2001), Bright Earth, Art and the Invention of Coulour, pg. 214-215 (French translation).
12. ^ Weintraub, Stanley. 2001. Whistler: a biography (New York: Da Capo Press). ISBN 978-0-30680971-2. p. 351
13. ^ Stefano Zuffi, (2012), Color in Art, pg. 310
14. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur- effets et symboliques, pg. 236-237
15. ^ Research Frontiers Site of the University of Arkansas
(retrieved December 17, 2012)
16. ^ Library of Congress Science Reference Services

17. ^ Scientific American, "Why does hair turn gray?"
18. ^ Color Palette
Archived
14 December 2010 at WebCite
19. ^ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Colour Sample of
Paynes Grey: Page 117 Plate 47 Color Sample A9
20. ^ "Leading nanotech experts put 'grey goo' in perspective"
(Press release). Center for Responsible
Nanotechnology. June 9, 2004. Retrieved 2006-06-17.

21. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur- effets et symboliques, pg. 235
22. ^ The Bonus Years: The 'grey vote' may take the cake on Tuesday
23. ^ Grey vote
24. ^ "Nicola Marschall: Artist of the Deep South"
. Alabama Department of Archives and History.
Retrieved 26 September 2009.

25. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur - effets et symboliques, pg. 236
26. ^ http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/inauguration/index.shtm#interesting
|Johnson Library,
University of Texas
27. ^ Arthur E. Powell The Astral Body and Other Astral Phenomenon Wheaton, Illinois:1927
Theosophical Publishing House Page 12
pdfcrowd.com
28. ^ Rodgers, Bruce Gay Talk (The Queens Vernacular): A Dictionary of Gay Slang New York:1972
Paragon Books, an imprint of G.P. Putnams Sons Page 99
29. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur, effets et symboliques. (Pg. 226)
30. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur- effets et symboliques, pg. 234.
31. ^ Eva Heller, Psychologie de la couleur - effets et symboliques, pg, 435.
Bibliography
[edit]
Heller, Eva (2009). Psychologie de la couleur - Effets et symboliques. Pyramyd (French

translation). ISBN 978-2-35017-156-2.
Zuffi, Stefano (2012). Color in Art. Abrams. ISBN 978-1-4197-0111-5.
Gage, John (2009). La Couleur dans l'art. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-2-87811-325-9.
Gottsegen, Mark (2006). The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference. New York: WatsonGuptill Publications. ISBN 0-8230-3496-8.
Varichon, Anne (2000). Couleurs - pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples. Paris:
Editions du Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-084697-4.
External links
[edit]
Three computational biologists theory to explain how

humans perceive achromatic colors:
Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Gray.
Chart showing a comparison of the achromatic

(greyscale) values of the colors on the RYB and RGB color wheels, respectively (the chart is
halfway down the webpage):
V T E
V T E
Shades of grey
Color topics (Index)
[show]
[show]
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topics
Web colors
V T E
Categories: Shades of gray
Color
Optical spectrum
[show]
Web colors
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intermediate color between black and white. It is a

neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is

a color "without color."[2] It is the color of a cloud-

covered sky, of ash and of lead.[3]

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The first recorded use of grey as a color name in the

In Europe and the United States, surveys show that

(128, 128, 128)

grey is the color most commonly associated with

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conformity, boredom, uncertainty, old age,

indifference, and modesty. Only one percent of

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respondents chose it as their favorite

(--, 0%, 50%)

B: Normalized to [0255] (byte)

3 Grey in history and art

Main article: Variations of grey

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Blocks of lead shielding

Column of volcanic ash

from vent on Crater Peak,

Cadets at the U.S.

West Point wear grey.

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variations on this shade

is the standard color for

U.S. warships and those

of many other navies,

since it is less visible

from a distance. The

battleship pictured is the

USS Missouri, built in

Grey in history and art

Antiquity through the Middle Ages [edit]

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name is now attached to many places in Great Britain.

Portrait of Saint Francis,

the founder of the

monk, wore robes of

undyed grey wool.

Greco. He also chose

The Renaissance and the Baroque [edit]

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The Burial of the Count

Rembrandt Van Rijn self-

portrait, 1629. Rembrandt

placed his figures against

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries [edit]

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"grisette" was also given to the lower class of Parisian prostitutes.

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Private Edwin Francis

Augustus Keppel (1752)

by Sir Joshua Reynolds.

Hoppner (18th century).