Dursun Sustainability PDF

METU
October 31| 2014
SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING AND INNOVATION
ENVE 101
DERYA DURSUN BALCI, PHD, PE
Driving Forces for Sustainability

Global & Environmental Issues
Population Shift Even More to
Urban Areas
Climate Change
Transportation
Energy Supplies
Clean Water and Air
Safe Waste Disposal
Population Pressure
Food
Disease
Space/Density
What can
ENVIRONMENTAL
Engineers do?
Terrorism/War/Unrest/Natural
Events
Derya
Other
resource limitations
Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014
Evolution from Environmental Protection to

Sustainability
1972 - Clean water act passed

1977 - Clean air act passed
1983 - Usepa greenhouse gasses global warming
1987 - Montreal protocol - ozone layer
1987 - Brundtland Report sustainability
1990 Pollution prevention
1992 Earth summit in Brazil sustainable development
1997 The Kyoto protocol
2002 Earth summit on sustainable development
2012 EPA reorients its research to Sustainable Science
Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014
What is Sustainability? A Buzz Word?

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH,
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, SUSTAINABLE DESIGN, ..
Page 4
Many Definitions but Consistent Core Principles

Definitions
Brundtland Commission, 1983 World

Commission on Environment &
Development
Ceres Principles
Equator Principles
1992 Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development
Bellagio Principles
Hannover Principles
Natural Step
One Planet Living
Company-Specific
and more
Core Principles
Finite Resources
Interdependence
Social and Personal Well-being
Legacy and Responsibility
The Worlds View of Sustainable Development

The Brundtland Commission, formally the World
Commission on Environment and Development (WCED),
convened by the United Nations and defined sustainable
development as:
. development that meets

the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
Why is Sustainability Important?
Human Population
Shift in Population
Urbanization
Page 9
Change in Demographics
Page 10
Human Development Index
Human Development Index vs. Ecological

Footprint
Page 12
Increasing Raw Materials Demand
Page 13
Climate Change
Global Warming
Strategies
Conservation
Efficiency
CO2 Production
Universal Core Sustainability Principles
Finite Resources
Fresh water finite quantities of
fresh water and water rights
Natural Resources limited global
supply of carbon-based fuels,
metals, and native materials
Clean air urban air quality is
getting worse and air-related
health issues are increasing
Agricultural land more land is
taken up by development each
year, or lost to desertification
Fisheries fish stocks around the
world are in decline
Interdependence
Population increase world
population continues to increase
with increased demand for food and
consumer goods
Ecological cycles Consequences of
human intervention in
Economic health is dependent on
health of natural world
Increases in impervious surfaces
changing local and regional hydrology
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
and climate change affect planets
atmosphere, biosphere and human
infrastructure
Universal Core Sustainability Principles

Social And Personal Well-being
Health and safety
Disparities in wealth/income
Culture and history
Recreation
Various freedoms
Legacy And Responsibility
Debts and conditions conveyed to
future generations:
Livable cities
Adequate farmland and forests
Abandoned mines
Landfill reclamation
Brownfield redevelopment
Pollution prevention
17
Johan Rockstrom
19
Sustainability Wheel
Construction
Material &
Delivery
Emissions &
Materials
Management
Green
Buildings &
Infrastructures
Society and
Policy
Sustainable
Development
Efficient &
Intelligent
Transportation
Networks
Energy &
Carbon
Sequestration
Water
Resources,
Climate &
Infrastructure
Life-Cycle
Analysis
Source: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sustainability Objective in a Project

Economic:
Balance financial objectives on a project life cycle
basis. Good sustainability practices often result in
measurable life cycle financial savings.
Social:
Address community and stakeholder values
including health and safety of construction workers,
clients/owners, occupants and users of facilities,
and all people working on the project.
Environmental:
Reduced impact to and consumption of natural
resources.
21
Sustainable Design Informative Guidance

Manuals
Implement in Design Practice
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for sustainability
features
Evaluate Materials & Resources for Sustainability*
Material cost
Life cycle cost

impact
Non-toxic
Recycled content
Energy efficiency
Rapidly renewable
Water efficiency
Locally derived raw

material Certified
Wood
Material reduction
Locally
manufactured
Salvaged
*Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, 2002 (p.237)

Sustainable Design Reference

SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Green Building Design, Construction, and
Operations
Produced by Public Technology Inc., US Green
Building Council
Sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy & U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency
Unintended Consequences
Robert K. Merton listed five possible causes of

unintended consequences:
Ignorance (It is impossible to anticipate

everything, thereby leading to incomplete
analysis)
Error (Incorrect analysis of the problem or
following habits that worked in the past but
may not apply to the current situation)
Immediate interest, which may override
long-term interests
Basic values may require or prohibit
certain actions even if the long-term result
might be unfavorable (these long-term
consequences may eventually cause
changes in basic values)
Self-defeating prophecy (Fear of some
consequence drives people to find solutions
before the problem occurs, thus, the nonoccurrence of the problem is unanticipated.)
Food for Energy (ethanol)

Tax the Rich
Dont Cut Down Any

Trees or Hunt Animals
Electric Cars
Others?
Advancing Sustainability in Planning

Set a Vision
Set Goals & Objectives
3 Rs of Sustainability
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Apply Applicable Existing Sustainability Frameworks

from leading organizations e.g. LEED (USGBC) green
building rating system, Sustainable Sites, CEEQUAL,
BREEAM, One Planet Living
Develop a Tailored Sustainability Framework - Use
fundamental sustainability principles paired with your
projects unique characteristics and potential impacts
to achieve the greatest triple bottom line benefits
(environmental, financial, and social)
Establish Measurement System criteria, methodology
and implementation
Implement Systems Thinking Approach
Engaging throughout the supply chain is vital to

Implement Sustainability
Significant product cost and

environmental impact is
locked in at design phase (e.g.
specification)
Design
Source
The sustainability of sources

influences overall
sustainability (e.g. supplier
standards, material inputs)
Manufacturing waste is both

an environmental and
business cost (e.g. materials
efficiency)
Make
Purchasing with
sustainability in mind
(e.g. green branding)
Distribute
Energy sources and efficiency

of production impact both cost
and greenhouse gas emissions
(e.g. demand management)
Buy
Transportation is a common
contributor to greenhouse gas
emissions (e.g. vehicle
efficiency, network
optimization)
Product efficiency and

durability influence
environmental impacts (e.g.
water efficiency)
Use
Dispose
Materials selection and

assembly influence end-of-life
disposal options (e.g.
recyclability, take-back
opportunities)
Lifecycle Analysis
Lifecycle Stages
MAKE (plan, design,

construct, develop)
USE (operate and
maintain)
RENEW (remodel,
disassemble, demo)
Source: Citizen Engineer, 2010, and F. Sherkow

At Each Stage of the lifecycle,

focus on 4 aspects of
environmental impacts
There are many other types of impacts
ENERGY and EMISSIONS

CHEMICALS, MATERIALS,
AND WASTE
WATER and NATURAL
RESOURCES
COST, BENEFITS, and 26
REPLACEMENT
Leyla Acaroglu
Role of the Engineers
We are entering a new era of engineering that is

fundamentally changing the role of the engineer on the job
and the engineers relationship to society.
Source: Citizen Engineer, 2010
Engineers Responsibility
You are a steward of the

Built Environment
You are a steward of the
Entire Environment
You shall hold
paramount the Safety,
Health and Welfare of
the Public
Responsibilities of the Engineer
You already enjoy many rights and privileges

Excellent education
In a good position to effect change and exert your
influence on society
AND, you get paid to innovate and create

First the basics
Ethical decisions consistent with the safety, health, and

welfare of the public
Protect the environment

Go beyond . . .
Stay abreast of the issues

Help educate others who may impact engineering,
infrastructure, environment and society
Embrace new forms of responsibility that are
becoming important to all of us
1. Environmental responsible
2. Techno responsible
3. Customer/stakeholder responsible
Environmental Responsibility
Determine the carbon footprint of your project (development,

operations, demo)
Understand the impact of different sources of electricity and
power
Know which chemicals and materials are desirable and which to
avoid
Maximize recyclability and minimize waste
Determine the fresh water footprint of your project
(development, operations, demo)

Aggressive Initiatives -1
1. Eliminate Waste All forms in every area of

design, development, operations, and renewal
2. Benign Emissions Eliminate toxic substances

from products, vehicles, and facilities
3.
Renewal Energy Build and operate facilities with

renewable energy sources: solar, wind, landfill gas,
biomass, geothermal, tidal/wave, hydro, hydrogen, and
non-petroleum-based
4. Close the Loop Redesign processes and facilities

to close the technical loop using recovered and
bio-based material
5. Resource-efficient Transportation Transporting people

and goods efficiently to reduce waste and emissions
6. Sensitizing Stakeholders Create a culture that

integrates sustainability principles and improves
peoples lives and livelihoods
7. Redesigning Commerce Create new business

model that supports the value of sustainabilitybased commerce
Your Planet Needs
Source: Citizen Engineer, 2010 and F. Sherkow
Sustainable energy and environmental solutions

Protection of local, regional and global environmental
systems
Agricultural technology with food distribution systems
Advanced bio-medical technology
New energy- and environmentally efficient transportation
systems
Ever-advanced computer and communications systems
Advanced structures buildings, bridges, highways and
railroads
Improved water systems
Your Country Needs
Leaders in global imperatives

Strong technical industrial base makes and
exports products
Technically educated workforce
Security economic, military, and social
YOU
Take charge of your life and future

Work yourself up to ongoing self-actualization and spend your
working days in an energized, desirable flow
The reward can be living a fulfilled, meaningful life . . .

balanced with things outside of work
Likely by-product of doing the right things with your life and
career . . . ongoing happiness and sufficient wealth
Thank You
44

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METU

October 31| 2014

DERYA DURSUN BALCI, PHD, PE

Driving Forces for Sustainability

Evolution from Environmental Protection to

1972 - Clean water act passed

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

What is Sustainability? A Buzz Word?

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Many Definitions but Consistent Core Principles

Brundtland Commission, 1983 World

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

The Worlds View of Sustainable Development

. development that meets

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Why is Sustainability Important?

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Human Development Index

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Human Development Index vs. Ecological

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Increasing Raw Materials Demand

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Universal Core Sustainability Principles

Universal Core Sustainability Principles

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Source: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Sustainability Objective in a Project

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Sustainable Design Informative Guidance

Life cycle cost

Locally derived raw

*Los Alamos National Laboratory Sustainable Design Guide, 2002 (p.237)

Sustainable Design Reference

Robert K. Merton listed five possible causes of

Ignorance (It is impossible to anticipate

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Food for Energy (ethanol)

Dont Cut Down Any

Advancing Sustainability in Planning

Apply Applicable Existing Sustainability Frameworks

Engaging throughout the supply chain is vital to

Significant product cost and

The sustainability of sources

Manufacturing waste is both

Energy sources and efficiency

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014

Product efficiency and

Materials selection and

MAKE (plan, design,

Source: Citizen Engineer, 2010, and F. Sherkow

At Each Stage of the lifecycle,

ENERGY and EMISSIONS

Role of the Engineers

We are entering a new era of engineering that is

Source: Citizen Engineer, 2010

Derya Dursun Balci,PhD, PE| ENVE 101 Presentation | October 31,2014