SAMS

SAMS

T e a c h
Y o u r s e l f

Ben Forta

THIRD EDITION

SAMS

800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, 462

SAMS

3-
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2005

 32.973.26-018.2.75
80
681.3.07
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SQL. 10 , 3- . :
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ISBN 5-8459-0827-2 (.)

SQL .
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SQL - .
, , IBM DB2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft
SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL Sybase Adaptive Server.
32.973.26-018.2.75

.
,
,
, Sams Publishing.
Authorized translation from the English language edition published by Sams
Publishing Copyright 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission from
the Publisher.
Russian language edition is published by Williams Publishing House according
to the Agreement with R&I Enterprises International, Copyright 2005

ISBN 5-8459-0827-2 (.)

ISBN 0-672-32567-5 (.)

"", 2005
Sams Publishing, 2004

1. SQL
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151
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197
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235

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Aqua Data Studio

235
236
236
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239
240
240

243

244


DB2
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11
245
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246
248
249
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253
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260
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263
265
266
268
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278


Macromedia, 20 , , ,
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33

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38

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54

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66

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prod_id

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8 inch teddy bear

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67

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68

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(USA

72

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73

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,
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74

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75

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, | | :

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^AS v e n d _ t i t l e
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vend title
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quantity

item_price

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4.9900
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77

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quantity
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item_price

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4.9900
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78

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82

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vend_name_upcase

Bear Emporium
Beras R Us
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Fun and Games
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Jouets et ours

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BERAS R US
DOLL HOUSE INC.
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JOUETS ET OURS

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83

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84

cust name

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Kids Place

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85

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WHERE DATEPART(yy, order_date) = 2004;

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20005
20006
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86

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FROM Orders
WHERE DATE_PART('year , order_date) = 2004;

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87

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88

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90

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92

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93

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94

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200

96

SUM (quantity) , WHERE , .

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98

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102

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 103
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104

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orders

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107

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108

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 109
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order num

items

20006
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, , , ORDER BY, :

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FROM OrderIterns
GROUP BY order_num
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 3;
ORDER BY items, order num;

110

10
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114

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 115

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FROM OrderIterns
1
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order_num
20007
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FROM Orders
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cust_id
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FROM O r d e r s
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cust_id
1000000004
1000000005

116

11

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WHERE :

 117

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact

FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num
FROM Orderltems
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01'));

cust name

cust contact

Fun4All
The Toy Store

Denise L. Stephens
Kim Howard

SELECT,

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cust state,

 119
(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Orders
WHERE Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id) AS orders
FROM Customers
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cust name

cust state

orders

Fun4All
Fun4All
Kids Place
The Toy Store
Village Toys

IN
AZ
OH
IL
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1
1
0
2

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c u s t _ s t a t e orders. Orders ; , .
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120

11

SELECT cust_name,
cust_state,
(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Orders
WHERE cust_id = cust_id) AS orders
FROM Customers
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cust name

cust state

orders

Fun4All
Fun4All
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Village Toys

IN
AZ
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5
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SELECT vend_name, prod_name, p r o d _ p r i c e

FROM Vendors, Products
WHERE Vendors.vend i d = Products.vend i d ;

vend name

Doll House Inc.

Doll House Inc.
Doll House Inc.
Bears R Us
Bears R Us
Bears R Us
Doll House Inc.
Fun and Games
Fun and Games

prod_name

prod_j?rice

Fish bean bag toy

Bird bean bag toyRabbit bean bag toy
8 inch teddy bear
12 inch teddy bear
18 inch teddy bear
Raggedy Ann
King doll
Queen doll

3.4900
3.4900
3.4900
5.9900
8.9900
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126

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prod_name

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Bears R Us
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Bears R Us
Bears R Us
Bears R Us
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Bears R Us
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Bear Emporium
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Fun and Games
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8 inch teddy bear
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8 inch teddy bear
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5.99
8.99
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127

128 12
Fun and Games
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Queen doll
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50
100

130

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 131

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Fun4All
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Denise L. Stephens
Kim Howard

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134

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1000000004

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Fun4All

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Denise L. Stephens

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136

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id

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Denise L. Stephens

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 139
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140

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 141

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142

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143

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 147

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cust_name

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Village Toys
Fun4All
The Toy Store

John Smith
Jim Jones
Kim Howard

sales@villagetoys.com
j j ones@fun4all.com
NULL

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cust name

cust_contact

cust_email

Fun4All
Fun4All

Jim Jones
Denise L. Stephens

j j onesOfun4all.com
dstephens@fun4all.com

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148

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Fun4All
Fun4All
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Denise L.Stephens
Jim Jones
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Kim Howard

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150

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cust_name

cust_contact

Village Toys
Fun4All
The Toy
Fun4All
Fun4All

John Smith
Jim Jones
Store Kim Howard
Jim Jones
Denise L.Stephens

cust_email
sales@villagetoys.com
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dstephens@fun4all.com

 151

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WHERE cust_name = cFun4All'
ORDER BY cust name, cust contact;

152

14

cust_name

cust_contact

cust_email

Fun4All
Fun4All
The Toy Store
Village Toys

Denise L.Stephens
Jim Jones
Kim Howard
John Smith

dstephens@fun4all.cor
jjones@fun4all.com
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salesOvillagetoys.cor

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154

15

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VALUES('1000000006 ' ,
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156

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 157

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158

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 159

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160

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161

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162

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164

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 165
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166

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 167
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 171
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173

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prod_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
quantity INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
item_j>rice DECIMAL (8 ,2) NOT NULL

175

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q u a n t i t y () .
DEFAULT 1 , 1, .

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DEFAULT N U L L

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176

17

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177

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ADD vend_j>hone CHAR(20);

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178

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FROM Customers, Orders, Orderltems
WHERE Customers.cust id = Orders.cust id

182 18
AND Orderltems .order__num = Orders . order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN011;

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 183

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186

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:

CREATE VIEW ProductCustomers AS

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, prod_id
FROM Customers, Orders, Orderltems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND Orderltems.order num = Orders.order num;

,
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CREATE

VIEW.

,
RGAN01, :

SELECT cust_name, cust_contact

FROM ProductCustomers
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01';

 187

cust name

cust contact

Fun4All
The Toy Store

Denise L. Stephens
Kim Howard

WHERE.
,
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RGANOI (
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:

188

18

SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) + ' (' + RTRIM(vend__country)

+ ' )' AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend name;

vend t i t l e
Bear Emporium (USA)
Bears R Us (USA)
Doll House Inc. (USA)
Fun and Games (England)
Furball Inc. (USA)
Jouets et ours (France)

,
| | ( 7):

SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) j | ' (' |

^RTRIM(vend_country) || ' )' AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend name;

vendtitle
Bear Emporium (USA)
Bears R Us (USA)
Doll House Inc. (USA)
Fun and Games (England)
Furball Inc. (USA)
Jouets et ours (France)

, . , ,
.
:

CREATE VIEW VendorLocations AS SELECT RTRIM(vend_name)

(' + RTRIM(vend_country)

 189
+ ')' AS v e n d _ t i t l e
FROM Vendors;

, I I:

CREATE VIEW VendorLocations AS

SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) || ' (' | |
^RTRIM(vend_country) || ' ) ' AS vend_title
FROM Vendors;

,
,
SELECT. ,
,
:

SELECT *
FROM VendorLocations;

vend title
Bear Emporium (USA)
Bears R Us (USA)
Doll House Inc. (USA)
Fun and Games (England)
Furball Inc. (USA)
Jouets et ours (France)
S E L E C T
, , ,
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? SELECT, SELECT
.

190

18

WHERE. ,
CustomerEMailList
, ,
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CREATE VIEW CustomerEMailList AS

SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust email IS NOT NULL;

, e-mail, ,
.
WHERE ,
NULL c u s t _ e r a a i l , .
CustomerEMailList .

SELECT *
FROM CustomerEMailList;

cust id

cust name

cust email

1000000001
1000000003
1000000004

Village Toys
Fun4All
Fun4All

sales@villagetoys.com
jjones@fun4all.com
dstephens@fun4all.com

WHERE

WHERE

, ( )
.

 191

.
SELECT, 7. :

SELECT prod_id,
quantity,
item_price,
quantity*item_jprice AS expanded_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order num = 20008;

prod_id

quantity

item_price

expanded_price

RGAN01
BR03
BNBG01
BNBG02
BNBG03

5
5
10
10
10

4.9900
11.9900
3.4900
3.4900
3.4900

24.9500
59.9500
34.9000
34.9000
34.9000

CREATE VIEW OrderltemsExpanded AS

SELECT order_num,
prod_id,
quantity,
item_price,
quantity*item_price AS expanded_price
FROM Orderltems;

2 0008
( ), :

FROM SELECT *
OrderltemsExpanded
WHERE order num = 20008;

192

18

order_num

prod_id

quantity

item_price

expanded_price

20008
20008
20008
20008
20008

RGAN01
BR03
BNBG01
BNBG02
BNBG03

5
5
10
10
10

4.99
11.99
3.49
3.49
3.49

24.95
59.95
34.90
34.90
34.90

, , . , .

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,
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 19

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194

19

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195

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196

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197

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EXECUTE , . :

EXECUTE AddNewProduct ('JTS01' ,

'Stuffed Eiffel Tower',
6.49,
'Plush stuffed toy with the
La Tour Eiffel in red white and blue')

AddNewProduct;
Products. AddNewProduct
: (
Vendors), , . (
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198

19

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CREATE PROCEDURE MailingListCount

(ListCount OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT cust_email IS NULL;
ListCount := SQL%ROWCOUNT;
END;

199

, ListCount. , . OUT . Oracle

IN ( ), OUT
( ) INOUT ( ). BEGIN END, ,
,
SELECT. ListCount , .
Microsoft SQL:

CREATE PROCEDURE MailingListCount

AS
DECLARE @cnt INTEGER
SELECT @cnt = COUNT(*)
FROM Customers
WHERE NOT cust_email IS NULL;
RETURN @cnt;

. ,
, SQL Server . DECLARE @cnt (
SQL Server @). SELECT,
, COUNT ().
, RETURN
RETURN
@cnt.
, Orders.
SQL Server, , :

200 19

CREATE PROCEDURE NewOrder @cust_id CHAR(10)

AS
--
DECLARE @order_num INTEGER
--
SELECT @order_num=MAX(order_num)
FROM Orders
Determine next order number
SELECT @order_num=@order_num+l
--
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(@order_num, GETDATE() @cust id)
--
RETURN order nura;

Orders.
, . ,
,
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()) (
SELECT). INSERT ,
( GETDATE ()) . , (
) RETURN
@order_nura. , ,
.

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201

-- ( ).
, -- ( ), .

SQL Server:

CREATE PROCEDURE NewOrder @cust_id CHAR(10)

AS
--
INSERT INTO Orders(cust_id)
VALUES(@cust_id)
--
SELECT order num = IDENTITY;

O r d e r s .
. ; SQL Server I d e n t i t y (
, Auto Number
Sequences). , :
, .
( GETDATE ()), . ,
? SQL
Serer
IDENTITY, (
SELECT).
,
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202

19

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 20

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204

20

2. .
3. Orders,
() .
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205

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Orderltems .
:
(Transaction). SQL.
(Rollback). SQL (
"").
(Commit). SQL .
(Savepoint).
,
( ). " ".

206

2 0
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INSERT, UPDATE DELETE.
S E L E C T .
( .)
CREATE DROP.

, (),
.

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,
SQL- , , .
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BEGIN TRANSACTION
COMMIT TRANSACTION

,
BEGIN TRANSACTION COMMIT TRANSACTION,

, .
MySQL :

 207

START TRANSACTION

PostgreSQL ANSI SQL:

BEGIN;

ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK () SQL, :

DELETE FROM Orders;

ROLLBACK;

,
ROLLBACK, DELETE.
, ,
, ,
DELETE ( INSERT UPDATE) .

COMMIT
SQL
.
( ) .
. ,
. .

208

20

COMMIT.
SQL Server:

BEGIN TRANSACTION
DELETE Orderltems WHERE order_num = 12345
DELETE Orders WHERE order_num = 12345
COMMIT TRANSACTION

SQL Server 12345 .

, Orders
Orderltems, ,
. COMMIT ,
. ,
, - , ,
.
Oracle,
:

DELETE Orderltems WHERE order_num = 12345;

DELETE Orders WHERE order_num = 12345;
COMMIT;

ROLLBACK COMMIT .
,
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, , ,
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, ,
Orders . Customers
( ).
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209

. , ,
,
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SQL
(savepoints). MySQL
Oracle SAVEPOINT:

SAVEPOINT deletel;

SQL Server Sybase :

SAVE TRANSACTION deletel;

, , ,
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:

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION deletel;

MySQL Oracle :

ROLLBACK TO deletel;

SQL Server:

BEGIN TRANSACTION
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name)
VALUES(4000000010', 'Toys Emporium');
SAVE TRANSACTION StartOrder;
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20100,'2001/12/1','1000000010');
IF @@ERROR 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION StartOrder;
INSERT INTO Orderltems(order_num, order_item,
(
i>prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20010, 1, 'BR011, 100, 5.49);
IF @@ERROR <> 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION StartOrder;
INSERT INTO Orderltems(order_num, order_item,
4>prod_id, quantity, item_price)
1
VALUES(20010, 2, 'BR03 , 100, 10.99);

210 20
IF @@ERR0R <> 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION StartOrderj
COMMIT TRANSACTION

, !
INSERT, .
INSERT,
- INSERT ,
SQL Server
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.) @@ERROR , oi
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 21

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212

21
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Method, ISAM) ( Btrieve
dBASE). SQL , HbixTnnalSAM.

 213

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214

21

,
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DECLARE,
.
DECLARE SELEd
WHERE :
. , ,
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DB2, SQL Server i
Sybase:

DECLARE CustCursor CURSOR

FOR
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE cust email IS NULL

Oracle PostgreSQL:

DECLARE CURSOR CustCursor

IS
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE cust email IS NULL

DECLARE *
CustCursor. SELECT ,
, *
( NULL).
, ,
.

 215

OPEN
i^JRSOR, , { :
)PEN CURSOR CustCursor

OPEN CURSOR ipoc,

.
FETCH. FETCH , ,
( , ). Oracle ().

DECLARE TYPE CustCursor IS REF CURSOR

RETURN Customers%ROWTYPE;
DECLARE CustRecord Customers%ROWTYPE
3EGIN
OPEN CustCursor;
FETCH CustCursor INTO CustRecord;
CLOSE CustCursor;
END;

FETCH (
) , CustRecord.
.
( Oracle) :

DECLARE TYPE CustCursor IS REF CURSOR

^ RETURN CuStomers%ROWTYPE;
DECLARE CustRecord Customers%ROWTYPE
BEGIN
OPEN CustCursor;
LOOP
FETCH CustCursor INTO CustRecord;
EXIT WHEN CustCursor%NOTFOUND;

216 21
END LOOP;
CLOSE CustCursor;
END;

,
FETCH
, CustRecord.
, FETCH
LOOP, *
EXIT WHEN CustCursor%NOTFOUND ,
( ),
.
, (
. . . co6ci
.
,
Microsoft SQL Server:

DECLARE @cust_id CHAR(10),

@cust_name CHAR(50),
@cust_address CHAR(50),
@cust_city CHAR(50),
@cust_state CHAR(5),
@cust_ZIP CHAR(10),
@cust_country CHAR(50),
@cust_contact CHAR(50),
@cust_email CHAR(255),
OPEN CustCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM CustCursor
INTO @cust_id, @cust_name, @cust_address,
@cust_city, @cust_state, @cust_ZIP,
@cust_country, @cust_contact, @cust_email
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM CustCursor
INTO @cust_id, @cust_name, @cust_address,
@cust_city, @cust_state, @cust_ZIP,
@cust_country, @cust_contact, @cust_email
END
CLOSE CustCursor

217

, FETCH
.
WHILE , WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
( )
.
. . . . .

, . , ( SQL Server) , , , .
DB2, Oracle
PostgreSQL:

CLOSE CustCursor

Microsoft SQL Server:

CLOSE CustCursor
DEALLOCATE CURSOR CustCursor

CLOSE; , ,
.
,
OPEN.

, . , , , ,
.
.

 22

SQL
: , .

SQL,
.
, .
,
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,
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(
).
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, Order Items , , , Orderltems, Orders. , , Orders,
Customers.
,
(

220

22

SELECT , ,
),
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UPDATE DELETE.
, .
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ALTER TABLE, 17,
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221

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CREATE TABLE Vendors

(
vend_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
vend_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL,
vend_address CHAR(50) NULL,
vend_city CHAR(50) NULL,
vend_state CHAR(5) NULL,
vend_ZIP CHAR(10) NULL
vend_country CHAR(50) NULL

PRIMARY KEY, vend_id .

222

22

ALTER TABLE Vendors

ADD CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY (vend id);

, CONSTRAINT.
CREATE
TABLE ALTER TABLE.

,
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.
. , , .
Orders , . Customers.
Orders Customers .
Customers; . Orders; .
Orders, , .
,
( ).
,
Orders, Customers.
.
, Customers,
,
Customers.

 SQL

223

CREATE TABLE Orders

(
order_num INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
order_date DATETIME NOT NULL,
cust_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL REFERENCES
"^Customers (cust id)

,
REFERENCES , cust_id
cust_id Customers.
CONSTRAINT ALTER TABLE:

ALTER TABLE Customers

ADD CONSTRAINT
FOREIGN KEY (cust id) REFERENCES Customers

(cust id)

,
, . ,
, . , , .

( , ,
). ,
.

224

22
, . ,

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Customers, .

( ).
, .

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NULL.
.

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 SQL 225

( ,
),
UNIQUE ,
.
: UNIQUE
CONSTRAINT.

,
( ) .
:
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,
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(. 1) ,
.
.

Order I t ems ,
, 0:
CREATE TABLE Orderltems
order_num INTEGER NOT NULL,
order_item INTEGER NOT NULL,
prod_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,

226

22

quantity INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK

4> (quantity > 0) ,
item_jjrice MONEY NOT NULL

( ) , .
,
F, ALTER TABLE:

ADD CONSTRAINT CHECK ( g e n d e r LIKE ' [MF] ' )

. ,
( ) . ,
, gender ();
,
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F (, , NULL, ).
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,
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 SQL 227

. ,

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,
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228

2 2

( ), , , .
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(, ,
cust_state), , ,
(, , ).

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,
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 SQL 2 2 9

,
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CREATE INDEX
( ).
Products:

CREATE INDEX prod_name_ind

ON PRODUCTS (prod_name);

.
prod_name_ind
CREATE INDEX. ON
, ,
, ( ),
.

,
.
: ,
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;

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(),
.
INSERT, UPDATE DELETE
( - )
.

230

2 2
MySQL
, MySQL
( MySQL 5.1).

( SQL) . ,
INSERT O r d e r s ,
,
O r d e r s . , ,
INSERT UPDATE Customers,
.
,
:
INSERT;

UPDATE;
DELETE.
, , .
:
(,

INSERT UPDATE);

, ,
- (,

);

(,
,
, );
/.

 SQL 231

, , , . .
, c u s t _ s t a t e Customers
INSERT
UPDATE.

SQL Server:

CREATE TRIGGER customer_state

ON Customers
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_state = Upper(cust_state)
WHERE Customers.cust_id = inserted.cust_id;

Oracle PostgreSQL:

CREATE TRIGGER customer_state

AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_state = Upper(cust_state)
WHERE Customers.cust_id = :OLD.cust_id
END;

,
, ,
, , .

, ,
. ,
,

232

22

,
.
. , ,
,
.
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:

( , ..);

;
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;
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SQL GRANT REVOKE, , GRANT
REVOKE.

, SQL. , -

 SQL 233

,
,
. ,
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SQL
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, , .
:
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( -

236

). .

, , . ,
(, , ).
, .
'
.

Vendors
Vendors ,
.
,
(vend_id) .
. .1. columns

vend_id
vend_name
vend_address
vend_city
vend_state
vend_ZIP
vend_country

" (ID)




ZIP-

 2 3 7

.
vend_id.

Products
Products , . ( prod_id) vend_id ( ).
.2. Products

prod_id
vend_id

(ID)
( vend_id Vendors)
prod_name

prod_price
prod_desc

.
prod_id.

vend_id, vend_id Vendors.

Customers
Customers
. ( cust_id).
.. Customers

cust_id
cust_name
cust_address
cust_city

238

. .

cust_state
cust_ZIP
cust_country
cust_contact
cust_email

ZIP-

.
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Web-
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240

MDB-
Microsoft Access
MDB-
Microsoft Access . , - .
MDB- Access ODBC,
, ASP ColdFusion.

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Microsoft SQL Server;
MySQL;
Oracle;
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 241

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http://www.forta.com/books/0672325667/.
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Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OSX .
Web- h t t p : //www. f o r t a .
com/books/0672325667/.
.
Web- .

244

Aqua Data
Studio
Aqua Data Studio SQL-, Java.

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1. Aqua Data Studio.
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Register Server.
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ODBC (. Open DataBase Connectivity) , Windows Windows NT,
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245

DB2
DB2 IBM .
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Macromedia
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SQL-, , , Web-. :
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Administrator Web- (
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246

2. ColdFusion (
CFM).
3.
CFML <CFQUERY>
</CFQUERY> .
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DATASOURCE.
4. SQL-
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Microsoft
Access
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248

6. , .
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250

4. DataReader,
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251

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252

5.
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253

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254

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SQL (, \h SELECT).
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5. ,
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256

ODBC , , ,
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257

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260

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262

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266

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270

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274

BEFORE
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EXECUTE
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FILE
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GET
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LEVEL
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NAMES
NCHAR
NO
NONE
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OFF

275

276

OFFSET
ONCE
OPTION
OUTER
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PAGE
PARTIAL
PERM
PLAN
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REFERENCES
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OFFSETS
ONLY
OR
OUTPUT
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POSITION
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RESET
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ON
OPEN
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 SQL
TEMPORARY
THEN
TO
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TRIGGER
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VALUE
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TEXT
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TEXTSIZE
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USING
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VERBOSE
WAIT
WHERE
WORK
XOR

277


Q
ANSI SQL, 26
Aqua Data Studio, 243, 244

Query Designer, 246

Query Tool, 243, 254

ColdFusion, 245
Command Center, 245

SQL, 25
ANSI, 26
, 26
, 26
SQL Advantage, 255
Structured Query Language, 25
Sybase Adaptive Server, 255

D
Data Source ODBC, 255
DB2, 245

E
Enterprise Manager, 252

M
Macromedia, 245
Microsoft ASP, 248
Microsoft ASP.NET, 249
Microsoft Query, 243, 250
Microsoft SQL Server, 251
MySQL, 252

ODBC, 256
Oracle, 252

PHP, 253
PostgreSQL, 44, 253
psql, 253

ALL, 96
DISTINCT, 97

, 231
, 20
, 122
ISAM, 212

, 138
, 222
, 128

, 33
, 32
, 30
, 69, 70

, 102
, 104
, 34

, 270
, 153
, 101
, 31
,
22
, 35
, 266
, 23
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, 268
, 126

, 158
, 153
, 160
, 153
, 157

, 137
3
, 24
, 113
, 113
, 145
, 113
, 145
, 273

, 227
, 229

279

-
, 212
ODBC, 256
, 101

, 47
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, 222
, 24, 122, 220
, 29, 273
AND, 52, 87
AS, 74, 134
ASC, 41
BETWEEN, 48
DEFAULT, 174
DESC, 41
FROM, 166
IN, 56, 57
INTO, 154
NOT, 57, 58
ON, 229
OR, 53
OUT, 199
PRIMARY KEY, 221
REFERENCES, 223
UNIQUE, 225
, 80
, 145
, 160
, 43
, 211
, 217
, 215
, 214

,
140

280

, 123
, 62
, 62
, 66
, 65
ODBC, 256

, 207

, 163
, 121
, 138
, 140
, 141
, 140
, 128
, 137
, 129
, 128
, 128
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, 225
, 224

ALTER TABLE, 176, 259

CLOSE, 217
COMMIT, 207, 260
CREATE INDEX, 229, 260
CREATE PROCEDURE, 260
CREATE TABLE, 169, 259,
261
CREATE VIEW, 185, 261
DECLARE, 214
DELETE, 165, 261
DROP, 185, 262
DROP TABLE, 178
EXCEPT, 152
EXECUTE, 197
FETCH, 215

GRANT, 232
INSERT, 153, 262
INSERT SELECT, 158, 262
INTERSECT, 152
LIKE, 61
MINUS, 152
OPEN CURSOR, 215
RENAME, 179
REVOKE, 232
ROLLBACK, 207, 262
SAVEPOINT, 209
SELECT, 29, 263
SELECT INTO, 160
SQL, , 259
TRUNCATE TABLE, 167
UNION, 146
UNION ALL, 150
UPDATE, 163, 263
WHERE, 51
, 31

, 140
,
32

,140
, 45

!=, 47
, 47
, 205
, 205

, 24, 122, 220

, 221
, 179
,
128
, 113
, 70
, 69, 70
, 22


,
141

, 126

, 226

, 54
,
140
, 62, 98
, 36
ALL, 103
FROM, 43
GROUP BY, 102
HAVING, 105
ORDER BY, 36
SET, 164
VALUES, 156
WHERE, 43
, 43
, 181
, 185
, 185

, 48
, 46
, 48
, 44
, 46
, 74, 133
, 133
, 134

, 121

, 135

, 34
, 34
, 55

281

, 273
, 273
, 145

, 229
, 214
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, 198

,
39
, 35
,
37
, 37
, 38

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, 142
,
96
, 22, 70

, 126
, 76
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, 266
, 266
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, 179
, 121
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, 162
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, 21
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, 269

282

, 270
, 269
, 266
, 226
, 23
, 267
, 268

, 205
, 205, 209
, 203
, 206
, 229

, 165
, 178

, 205
, 207
, 208

SQL, 44
, 44
,
114

, 51
, 79
AVGQ, 90

COUNT(), 92
DATAPART(), 87
LTRIM(), 74
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MIN(), 94
RTRIM(), 73
SOUNDEX, 82
SUM(), 95
TRIM0, 74
UPPER0, 82
, 90

, 84
,
82
,
87
, 90
X
, 179,
193

, 62

, 25

SQL,
10

..
.
..
. .

"".
101509, , . , . 43, . 1.
29.04.2005. 848/32.
Times. .
. . . 15,1. .-. . 9,9.
3000 . 1645.
" "
,
.
197110, -, ., 15.

MySQL

- ISBN: 5-8459-0769-1
,
,
MySQL. MySQL
,
,
Web. , -
,
MySQL, - MySQL
.

h t t p : / / w w w . w i l l i a m s p u b l i s h i n g . c o m

M Y S Q L .

MySQL AB

MySQL
-!? !3*&&,

www.williamspublishing.com

ISBN 5 - 8 4 5 9 - 0 8 0 5 - 1

MySQL



.

,
API-,

, MySQL

Web,
.


,

MySQL. ,
,
,
,
,
,


.


Web-
,

.

M Y S Q L

MySQL AB

"

MySQL

www.williamspublishing.com

ISBN

5-8459-0804-3

,

MySQL AB,
SQL,

,

SQL MySQL.
.
,
,
, ,
,
MySQL;
,

.
, MySQL



.

,
API-,

, MySQL

Web-,
.

Web-
,

.