Mechanism of action

Subgroups

H1-Receptor Antagonists:

1st Generation

Adverse Effects

Drug Names

Strong inhibition of edema formation and

itching

strong sedative effects

sedation, tinnitus, fatigue, dizziness,

lassitude, uncoordination, blurred
vision, tremors, dry
mouth/nose/throat, urinary retention,
tachycarida, hypotension, vertigo
Dimenhydrinate

Partial inhibition of histamine induced

hypotension

more likely to block autonomic receptors

Hallucinations, excitement, ataxia,

convusions, coma, cardiorespiratory
collapse due to OD

Strong inhibition of bronchiolar and GI

smooth muscle contraction

Normal 4-6 hour effective duration,

Specific Effects

Adverse Effects

Contraindicatiors

AE for 1st gen

Low respiratory disease(asthma),

preemies/ neonates, nursing
women. Category B

Histamine

Inhibition of nausea, vomiting and vertigo

sedations

Olopatadine

Can have effect on muscarinic cholinoceptors, alpha-adrenoceptors, serotonin

receptors and local anesthetic receptors
Can be used as sleep aids aswell
anticholinoceptor actions: can have atropine like affects such as lowers
parasympathetic activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the PNS. Urinary
retention and blurred vision
2nd Generation

Less sedation due to less distribution into CNS

Diphenhydramine

Promethazine

Hallucinations, excitement, ataxia,

convusions, coma, cardiorespiratory
collapse due to OD

Cetirizine

Can have longer duration 12-24hrs

Fexofenadine

inihibit histamine release from mast cells and baso phils

Loratadine

Motion sickness(nausea,
vomiting vertigo), Meniere
disease,
antiparkinsonism effects,
Topical application(local
anesthesia, and relief from
itching) allergic rhinitis,
allergic dermatosis, relief of
allergic symptoms: urticaria,
anaphylaxis, insomnia, motion
sickness, antitussive,
nasal admin: seasonal allergic
rhinitis >5yrs, Ophthalamic
admin: allergic conjuctivitis

Pre-op/post-op
sedation/Local anesthesia,
Allergic contions, nausea,
vomiting, motion sickness,
Meniere desease

AE for 1st gen,

agranuloctyosis,
thrombocytopenia,
topica:photosenistivity,
rash, sunburn

Bitter
AE for tasted
1st gen, Respiratory
depression,
extravasation.tissue
damage, extrapyramidal
symptom,
pseudoparkinsonism, tardive
dyskinesa, agranulocytosis,
leuopenia, BLACKBOX
WARINING: respiratory
depression risk and server
tissue injury, gangrene risk
with IV admin

Perennial allergic rhinitis,

season allergic rhinitis, relieft
symptoms of colds, urticaria,
angioedema, anaphylactic
reactions, pruritus, allergic
conjunctivitis
Somnolence, Headache
Perennial allergic rhinitis,
seasonal allergic rhinitis,
chronic idiopathic urticaria,
relief: cold symptoms,
urticaria, angioedema,
anaphylactic reactions,
pruritus, allergic conjunctivitis Vomiting and Headache
Perennial allergic rhinitis,
seasonal allergic rhinitis,
chronic idopathic urticaria,
relief symptoms of: colds,
urticaria, angioedema,
anaphylactic reactions,
pruritus allergic conjuctivitis Headache

Low respiratory disease(asthma),

preemies/ neonates, nursing
women, MAOI - Category B
Nasal admin: Category,
Ophthalmic: wearing contact lens
and Category C

Children< 2 years old, comatose

patients, severe respiratory
depression, SC injuection: intra or
periaterial admin, narrow angle
glaucoma, pyloroduodenal
obstruction, stenosing peptic
ulcer disease, bladder neck
obstruction, severe CNS
depression. Category C

hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine,
preganacy/lactation rating
category B or C

Pregnancy/Lacation Rating
Category C

Pregnancy/Lacation Rating
Category B