Annotated Bibliography

Hyrum Rex Lee: Giving American Samoa a Brighter Future

Ninna Mikaela Balauro
Senior Division

Primary Sources
Auto-shop lessons through Television. N.d. Photograph. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive.
Feleti Barstow, Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-32. This is a primary source. In
proof of actual photo I have found in our local library. However, the photographer is
unknown.
Carver, John A. "Information Service on Rex Lee." Department of the Interior: n. pag. Print.
This is a primary source. This looks like a letter about Rex Lee that was from the
Secretary of the Interior. I listed this as a primary source because it was written at the
time when Rex Lee was still alive and it was written by a person who was actually alive
at the time.
Control room at KVZK-TV. N.d. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti Barstow,
Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-30. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Web. 20
Mar. 2015. This is a primary source. In proof of actual photo I have found in our local
library. However, the photographer is unknown.
Education in Samoa by Television. Pago Pago. American Samoa Information, 14 Oct. 2014.
Web. 12 Nov. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNk0n12K_4o>. This is a
primary source in which a video displays on information. However, if this voice was a
witness in this event, this may be listed as a primary source.

Elementary Classroom. N.d. Photograph. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti Barstow,
Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-35. This is a primary source. In proof of actual
photo I have found in our local library. However, the photographer is unknown.
"ETV Founders." PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/educational-television-american-samoa-introduction>.
This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very
helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are
grouped at the certain time of event.
"ETV -- Royy Cobb Collection." SmugMug. SmugMug, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://jmflanigan.smugmug.com/American-Samoa/ETV-The-Roy-CobbCollection/10399284_3H6bwh/720324846_mJnWQNG#!i=720324837&k=cL9dvPm>.
This is a primary source. I am citing the website but using the photos as sources. Royy
Cobb was one of the teachers at the time of eTV. This is a helpful source of images.
Hall, Clarence W. "Samoa: America's Shame in the Southseas." Reader's Digest July 1961: 11116. Print. This is a primary source from the actual article that I've found in our local
library's pacific collection. This was found under PC 996.13 HALL at Feleti Barstow
Library's Pacific Collection.This source displays an article that shows American Samoa
in the 1960s right before Hyrum Rex Lee began working on his projects.
- - -. "Samoa: America's Showplace of the Southseas." Reader's Digest Nov. 1965: 157-68. Print.
This is a primary source from which the actual article from the magazine was viewed.
This was found under PC 996.13 HALL at Feleti Barstow Library's Pacific Collection.
This article followed the article written about American Samoa in July 1961. However,
this article views a different opinion about the island.

High school Classroom. N.d. Photograph. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti Barstow,
Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-34. This is a primary source. In proof of actual
photo I have found in our local library. However, the photographer is unknown.
"The Honorable H. Rex Lee, Governor of American Samoa." The Samoan Letters. Chris
Broquet, 14 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.
<http://thesamoanletters.wordpress.com/2012/12/31/chapter-4-post-23-terrapins-andtelevision/h-rex-lee_-chief-fuama/>. I listed this as a primary source because it shows
Rex Lee and a few other witnesses of him. The picture shows Rex Lee well and alive.
Though the photographer is unknown.
Hyrum Rex Lee - 1965. N.d. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, Pago Pago, American
Samoa. Governor H. Rex Lee - 1965. PagoPago. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/educational-television-american-samoa-introduction>.
This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very
helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are
grouped at the certain time of event.
KC Gordon facing the cameras in 1965. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20
Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1965-educational-television-americansamoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is present and was used to
build my website. This website contains photos that I will cite individually since I made
use of them. The photos on this website fall into chronological order and each section is
cited for their information and photos.
Kirwan Television Center. Oral English Lessons 1967. Youtube. Youtube, n.d. Web. 20 Mar.
2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF7BU1sx-jY>. This is a primary source.

This is an original video clip of the lesson on english words like "fresh" and "stale". This
is a very helpful source because it shows a lot of information from back then.
KVZK and eTV Founders at control room. N.d. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti
Barstow, Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-29. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive.
Web. 20 Mar. 2015. This is a primary source. In proof of actual photo I have found in our
local library. However, the photographer is unknown.
Level 1 students watching televised lesson. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web.
20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1964-educational-television-americansamoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website
was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and
photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
Manu'a School Campus. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1963-educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a
primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very helpful
website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are grouped at
the certain time of event.
Michael J. Kirwan Educational Television Center. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d.
Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/educational-television-americansamoa-introduction>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented.
This website was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological
order and photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
Millie Cobb and Roy Cobb. N.d. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archives. Feleti Barstow,
Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-22. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archives. Web. 19

Mar. 2015. This is a primary source. This is a photo from our local library. It was an
actual photo then and it was put up and stored online. I cited it with its Call number.
Millie Cobb teaching through television. N.d. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti
Barstow, Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-26. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive.
Web. 20 Mar. 2015. This is a primary source. In proof of actual photo I have found in our
local library. However, the photographer is unknown.
National Governors' Conference. "American Samoa: Hyrum Rex Lee." Governor's of American
States, Commonwealths, and Territories 1977." Washington D.C.: National Governors'
Conference, 1977. N. pag. Print. This is a primary source in which an actual page of the
book was viewed and witnessed. This contained every detail of his life including his early
life, work, and family. This is a very helpful, though short, source.
The New Leone campus. PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1964-educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a
primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very helpful
website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are grouped at
the certain time of event.
Pago Pago. Classroom Teacher Enforces Televised Lesson. Pago Pago. American Samoa
Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1967-educationtelevision-american-samoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is
presented. This website was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in
chronological order and photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
PagoPago. "DOE Director at Transmitters at Mt. Alava." Pago Pago. American Samoa
Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1966-educational-

television-american-samoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is

presented. This website was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in
chronological order and photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
- - -. Interior of Transmitter Control Room at Top Mount Alava. PagoPago. American Samoa
Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1966-educationaltelevision-american-samoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is
presented. This website was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in
chronological order and photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
Pago Pago. Master Control Room at Mt. Alava. Pago Pago. American Samoa Information, n.d.
Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1967-education-television-americansamoa>. This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website
was a very helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and
photos are grouped at the certain time of event.
- - -. Matafao Elementary School. Pago Pago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar.
2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1967-education-television-american-samoa>. This
is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very
helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are
grouped at the certain time of event.
Secretary of the Interior. 1965 Annual Report for American Samoa. By Stewart L. Udall.
Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1965. Print. This is a primary source. This is an annual
report for 1965 where it mentions the improvement of the education in the islands. This is
a PDF version since it was scanned from the original. It contains the report of the islands
that year.

Secretary of the Interior. 1964 Annual Report for American Samoa. By Stewart L. Udall.
Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1964. PDF file. This is a primary source. This is an annual
report for 1964 where it talks about the completion of te educational TV project. This is a
PDF version since it was scanned from the original. It contains the report of the islands
that year.
Secretary of the Interior. 1961 Annual Report for American Samoa. By Stewart L. Udall.
Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1961. PDF file. This is a primary source. This is an annual
report for 1961 and it mainly focused on the new Governor, Hyrum Rex Lee. This is a
PDF version since it was scanned from the original. It contains the report of the islands
that year.
Secretary of the Interior. 1963 Annual Report of American Samoa. By Steward L. Udall.
Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1963. Digital file. ThThis is a primary source. This is an
annual report for 1963, it shows the new buildings and main roads built. This is a PDF
version since it was scanned from the original. It contains the report of the islands that
year.
Secretary of the Interior. 1962 Annual Report for American Samoa. Washington D.C.: U.S. GPO,
1962. Print. This is a primary source. This is an annual report for 1962 and it mainly
focused on the new airport runway that was completed by Governor, Hyrum Rex Lee.
This is a PDF version since it was scanned from the original. It contains the report of the
islands that year.
Siers, James. American Samoa in Colour. Rutland, Vermort & Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle,
1971. Print. This is a secondary source. It is a book that contained a chapter in which

Hyrum Rex Lee's term was mentioned along with the work he has done upon American
Samoa. In this book, he is compared to John Haydon.
Teachers In-Service Classroom. N.d. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Feleti Barstow,
Fagatogo, American Samoa. PH-124-31. Feleti Barstow Library Photo Archive. Web. 20
Mar. 2015. This is a primary source. In proof of actual photo I have found in our local
library. However, the photographer is unknown.
"Transmitter Center on Mt Alava." PagoPago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar.
2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1964-educational-television-american-samoa>.
This is a primary source in which the actual photo is presented. This website was a very
helpful website in which all events are placed in chronological order and photos are
grouped at the certain time of event.
Udall, Stewart L. "Department of the Interior Information Service." U.S. Department of the
Interior: Indian Affairs (1961): n. pag. Pdf file. This is a primary source. A pdf print of
the letters written by secretaries and heads in the Internal Affairs. This displays facts
about H. Rex Lee and introducing him to the people of the American Samoa. It was
released at the beginning of his first term.

Secondary Sources
Advameg. "Culture of American Samoa." Countries and Their Culture. Advameg, n.d. Web. 18
Mar. 2015. <http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/American-Samoa.html>. This is a
secondary source. I picked up some pictures here that went under "Before H. Rex Lee"
page. All photos are with an unknown photographer and all credits go to the website.

AHS Council. "A Brief Timeline of the History of American Samoa: 20th Century through the
21st Century." N.d. PDF file. This is a secondary source. I used this to support my
timeline where I mentioned the schools being built. This is a helpful file if you really
want to know the consecutive dates that occurred at the time.
"American Samoa Governor Hyrum Rex Lee." National Governors Association. NGA, n.d. Web.
12 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governorsbios/page_american_samoa/col2-content/main-content-list/title_lee_hyrum.html>. This is
a secondary source. It is the first source that I found that explained Rex Lee's work on
American Samoa. This source is a short biography on Hyrum Rex Lee and his term as a
governor.
Cyclopaedia. "H._Rex_Lee." Cyclopaedia. By Cyclopaedia. Cyclopaedia, n.d. Web. 19 Mar.
2015. <http://www.cyclopaedia.de/wiki/H._Rex_Lee>. This is a secondary source.
Information listed about Hyrum Rex lee is found in this website including external links
to more information from other websites. Very helpful, however it is not in English.
"Educational Television in American Samoa - Introduction." PagoPago. American Samoa
Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/educationaltelevision-american-samoa-introduction>. This is a secondary source where I found most
of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
Enright, John. 1960s Historic Context, American Samoa: Governor Lee and the Development
Decade. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. This is a secondary source. It is a research paper that both
contains footnotes and annotations. It was found under PC 996.13 ENRI in Feleti

Barstow Library's Pacific Collection. This paper talks about American Samoa before and
after Governor Hyrum Rex Lee's term.
Ferster, Bill. "Educational Television in American Samoa." Teaching Machines: Learning from
the Intersection of Education and Technology. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. This is a
secondary source. It's an eBook that states information about technology and how it grew
up. It mentions Rex Lee's legacy in American Samoa using the educational television.
Only a section of the information is shown, but it's very informative.
Metaweb. "H. Rex Lee." Freebase. Google, 22 Oct. 2006. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.
<https://www.freebase.com/guid/9202a8c04000641f8000000000330420?props=>. This
is a secondary source. It is where you can find basic information about Hyrum Rex Lee.
It's a data base published by Google. I found it helpful because it contained external
links.
"Mt. Alava." Passcal. Passcal, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/~bob/passcal/slise/slise04.html>. This is a secondary
source. It is a blog entry or a journal entry that tells us about a trip to Mt. Alava to view
the transmitters from the 1960s. These transmitters were used to broadcast educational
television throughout the islands.
National Governors Association. NGA, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governorsbios/page_american_samoa/col2-content/main-content-list/title_lee_hyrum.html>. This is
a secondary source. It is the first source that I found that explained Rex Lees work on
American Samoa. This source is a short biography on Hyrum Rex Lee and his term as a
governor.

"1978 - Educational Television in American Samoa." PagoPago.com. American Samoa

Information, 14 Oct. 2011. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1978educational-television-american-samoa>. This is an article piece found in a information
directory site in the history of American Samoa. I listed this as a secondary source
because it was written sometime recent and I was not sure of the author. This article
mentioned the results of educational television in American Samoa.
"1965 - Educational Television in American Samoa." PagoPago. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1965-educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a
secondary source that contains information on that displays the goals. I used only one of
the three pictures on this section and it has been cited. This is a helpful website that
contains information on the process of the making of the Educational Television.
"1964 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. American Samoa Information,
14 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1964-educationaltelevision-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source. It is where a timeline is found in
where and which Education Television had started. It displays the significant events,
when and where they happened.
"1964 - Educational Television in American Samoa." PagoPago. American Samoa Information,
n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1964-educational-televisionamerican-samoa>. This is a secondary source. This section of the website displays photos
that I used to introduce Leone Highschool Campus that I have also mentioned in my
timeline. This is one of Rex Lee's accomplishments.
"1963 - Educational Television in American Samoa." PagoPago. American Samoa Information,
n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1963-educational-television-

american-samoa>. This is a secondary source for all information are repeated and are still
able to be edited. This section of the website talks about the new campus Manu'a that I
mentioned in my timeline.
OVGuide. "H. Rex Lee Video." OVGuide. Ed. OVGuide. OVGuide, n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.ovguide.com/h-rex-lee-9202a8c04000641f8000000000330420>. This is a
secondary source. It gives out a brief summary of Rex Lee's life and it includes the
information about American Samoa. The videos were difficult to locate but the
information supports my topic.
Pago Pago. "1971-1972 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago
Pago. American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1971-1972-educational-television-american-samoa>.
This is a secondary source where I found most of my information. I will be listing each
sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from this website and cited them within my
website. All events fall in chronological order.
- - -. "1978 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago. American
Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1978educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source where I found most
of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
- - -. "1977 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago. American
Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1977educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source where I found most

of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
- - -. "1970 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago. American
Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1970educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source where I found most
of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
- - -. "1968 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago. American
Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1968educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source where I found most
of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
- - -. "1969 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago. American
Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1969educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a secondary source where I found most
of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I have used. I also grabbed photos from
this website and cited them within my website. All events fall in chronological order.
PagoPago. "1966 - Educational Television in American Samoa." Pago Pago. Ed. Pago Pago.
American Samoa Information, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.pagopago.com/etv/1966-educational-television-american-samoa>. This is a
secondary source where I found most of my information. I will be listing each sectiton I
have used. I also grabbed photos from this website and cited them within my website. All
events fall in chronological order.

Sunia, Fofo I. F. "Hyrum Rex Lee." Puputoa. By Fofo I.F. Sunia. Fiji: Oceania Printer, n.d. 7273. Print. This is a secondary source where Hyrum Rex Lee is mentioned. He is honored
as one of the significant figures in American Samoa's history.
Weilenman, Joe N. "Auditorium in American Samoa Named to U.S. National Register of
Historic Places." Office of Insular Affairs 2010, Press Releases: n. pag. U.S. Department
of Interior. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. <http://www.doi.gov/oia/press/2010/Auditorium-inAmerican-Samoa.cfm>. This is an article on the Lee Auditorium built in Utulei in honor
of Governor Hyrum Rex Lee. This article states facts about what he did for American
Samoa and supports my ideas under "II. Getting into Politics" section.