Nearby Hospitals Role

The patient / victim exposure to hazardous chemicals in general need to be referred to the
nearest hospital, preparations to be made is:
1.
Provide information about the arrival of the victims, especially the information about the
types of chemicals and the damage they cause.
2.
Preparing for the protection of workers and the available places for secondary
decontamination.
3.

Perform secondary decontamination.

4.

Provide life saving aid and stabilize before referring the victim if necessary.

5.
Referring patients in accordance with the emergency to the hospital that has better
facilities (Depkes, 2007).

Terms of referral are:

1.

Contact the referral hospital.

2.

Patients are stable or stabilization can be performed in an ambulance.

3.
The patient in the emergency must be accompanied by a medical officer who has
knowledge of emergency patients (Depkes, 2007).

In the event of a disaster, the industrial action that should be done is to identify victims
quickly. If there is a victim who has the same symptoms at all or the majority of the victims can
be made conclusions occurrence of mass casualties resulting from exposure to chemicals or
hazardous materials. Medical and non-medical personnel who do help as a rapid response team
should always keep himself is not exposed to harmful chemicals from the body of the victim.
Protection should also be done on the medical equipment to be used and must pay attention to
the flow of waste on-site disposal or treatment room (Murni, 2014).
Medical treatment must be done quickly to form a special team to conduct
decontamination. The team is referred to as "HAZMAT TEAM" (Hazard Materials Team)
equipped with personal protective equipment, which consists of:
1.

Protective mask airway also protect the eyes.

2.

Special garments that can protect workers (vapor resistant, waterproof) including shoes.

Personal protective is necessary because chemicals or contaminants can be carried

through clothing, skin, respiratory, or secretions of victim. Chemicals can contaminate the
hospital environment and harm to others, so that medical workers need to know the use of
personal protective equipment (Depkes, 2007).

DECONTAMINATION
After using personal protective equipment, medical workers perform decontamination
measures for victims and assessing whether the victim in stable condition or have performed the
functions of respiration and circulation stabilization and other functions. Decontamination should
have been carried out at the scene before being taken to a nearby hospital (gross
decontamination). Gross decontamination traditionally be done through water spray from firefighting car. Decontamination is a process to remove or reduce contaminants or to neutralize the
harmful chemicals of the victim and the surrounding environment. Principles of decontamination
in hospitals is that every patient come in and exposed to the chemicals must be decontaminated
before entering the rooms in the hospital. Decontamination carried out in places that have been
prepared, and should be covered separately, running water and should be close to the location of
the Emergency Room (Depkes, 2007).
Decontamination actions are:
1.

Open the victim's clothing were exposed to hazardous chemicals.

2.

Bathing with flowing water can use the soap.

3.

Drain and provide fabric / clothing.

For the record, do not use hot water because it will cause the decontamination that will accelerate
the absorption of harmful chemicals.
At the time of decontamination when necessary help immediately because of the threat of death,
should be done, for example, need intubation. Triage can be done in the field or on arrival at the
hospital. Handling is done based on the priority scale emergency disaster victims: priority 1
(red / immediate / life threatening), priority 2 (yellow / potential life threatening), or priority 3
(green / non-life threatening). Medical service is given according to the standard capabilities of
the hospital (Depkes, 2007).

REFFERENCE

Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2007. KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK

INDONESIA NOMOR 1105/MENKES/SK/IX/2007 TENTANG PEDOMAN PENANGANAN
MEDIS KORBAN MASSAL. Available at:
http://www.hukor.depkes.go.id/up_prod_kepmenkes/KMK%20No.%201105%20ttg
%20Pedoman%20Penanganan%20Medis%20Korban%20Massal%20Akibat%20Bencana
%20Kimia.pdf. [Accessed October, 4th 2014].

Murni, Tri Wahyu. 2014. PERAN TENAGA TEKNIS PERUMAHSAKITAN DIBIDANG

MANAJEMEN FASILITAS DAN KESELAMATAN DALAM PENANGGULANGAN
KEGAWAT DARURATAN DAN BENCANA DI RUMAH SAKIT. Manajemen Fasilitas dan
Keselamatan. Available at:
http://hpeq.dikti.go.id/streaming/files/Semilokarsp_20Mrt2014_Materi/Diskusi_Panel_I/5_Mana
jemen%20Fasilitas%20dan%20Keselamatan%2020%20Maret
%202014_TriWahyuMurniSulistyowati.pdf. [Accessed October, 4th 2014].