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As Rousseau discusses in the Discourse on Inequality and The Social Contract, the

state of nature is the hypothetical, prehistoric place and time where human beings
live uncorrupted by society. The most important characteristic of the state of nature
is that people have complete physical freedom and are at liberty to do essentially as
they wish. That said, the state of nature also carries the drawback that human
beings have not yet discovered rationality or morality. In different works, Rousseau
alternately emphasizes the benefits and shortfalls of the state of nature, but by and
large he reveres it for the physical freedom it grants people, allowing them to be
unencumbered by the coercive influence of the state and society. In this regard,
Rousseaus conception of the state of nature is entirely more positive than Hobbess
conception of the same idea, as Hobbes, who originated the term, viewed the state
of nature as essentially a state of war and violence. This difference in definition
indicates the two philosophers differing views of human nature, which Rousseau
viewed as essentially good and Hobbes as essentially base and brutal. Finally,
Rousseau acknowledged that although we can never return to the state of nature,
understanding it is essential for societys members to more fully realize their natural
goodness.
As Rousseau explains, the general will is the will of the sovereign, or all the people
together, that aims at the common goodwhat is best for the state as a whole. The
most solid appearance of the general will in a healthy state comes in the form of
law. To Rousseau, laws should always record what the people collectively desire (the
general will) and should always be universally applicable to all members of the
state. Further, they should exist to ensure that peoples individual freedom is
upheld, thereby guaranteeing that people remain loyal to the sovereign at all times.

Rouesso is stating natural freedom vs. civil freedom


He is asking for civil/ political freedom
Man is born free but he lives his life as slaves.
My natural freedom is lost but whiten society you have freedom as an
individual and not to be free to gain power.
We dont need a King to protect us (refutes Hobbes) we just need a
social contract we all agree on.
Rouesso introduced the idea of democratic rule by using idea of
general will.
Rouesso states that there should be no parties in government but its
different than democracy because now democracy has parties.
Rouesso states that people should consider the common good rather
than think of their own interest.
Thomas Hobbes: (1640s) wrote during the English civil war Human life
is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. His solution was the creation of
a powerful ruler to whom rights would be given by the public in return for
securing order in a chaotic world. Thus he popularized the concept of a
social contract between ruler and individual.
Hobbs said that
government originates its legitimate authority not from god but from the
consent of the individuals.

John Locke Also an English man wrote his second discourse on


government in order to justify the peaceful English Revolution of 1688 in
which the power of the parliament is increased at the expense of the
Kings power. He advocated a constitution that would protect the natural
right of every citizen to life, liberty and property.
Rousseau: (French) in his book The Social Contract (1762) says that man
is born free but everywhere he is in chains. Rousseau suggests a
legitimate rule based on justice and utility for every individual to help in
governing society; not rejecting your rights .

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