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Ellen Hung

Foramina and Fissure


Foramen / Fissure
Cribriform Plate
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure

Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale

Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum
Carotid Canal
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Jugular Foramen

Condylar Canal
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum

Location

Structures Passing Through


Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Ophthalmic Artery
Between greater and less wings of Oculomotor (CN III)
Sphenoid
Trochlear (CN IV)
Ophthalmic div. of Trigeminal (CN V1)
Abducens (CN VI)
Ophthalmic Vein
Sphenoid
Maxillary div. of Trigeminal (CN V2)
Sphenoid
Mandibular div. of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve
Emissary vein
Sphenoid
Meningeal branch of Mandibular div. of Trigeminal (CN V3)
Middle meningeal vessels
Between Sphenoid, Temporal and Nothing
Occipital
Temporal
Internal carotid artery
Internal carotid nerve plexus (sympathetics)
Temporal
Facial (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
Labyrinthine artery
Between Temporal and Occipital Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Spinal accessory nerve
Inferior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Posterior meningeal artery
Occipital
Emissary vein
Meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
Occipital
Hypoglossal nerve
Occipital
Medulla oblongata
Vertebral arteries
Spinal roots of spinal accessory nerve
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Cranial Nerves
CN I!
CN II!
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CN III !
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CN IV !
CN V!
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CN VI !
CN VII!
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CN VIII !
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CN IX !
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CN X!
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CN XI !
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CN XII!

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Olfactory!
Olfactory epithelium Cribriform plate Olfactory bulb Primary olfactory cortex
Optic! !
Retina (optic nerve) Optic canals Optic chiasm (optic tract)
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Lateral geniculate nucleus (optic radiation) Visual cortex
Oculomotor!
Ventral midbrain Superior orbital fissure Orbits Eye muscles (Superior rectus,
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Medial rectus, Inferior rectus, Inferior oblique), Raise eyelids, Parasympathetic
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innervation (Pupil and Ciliary constriction) (neurons in ciliary ganglion)
Trochlear!
Dorsal midbrain Superior orbital fissure Orbits Superior oblique muscles
Trigeminal!
Ophthalmic division (V1):!
Face Superior orbital fissure Pons
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Maxillary division (V2):! Face Foramen rotundum Pons
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Mandibular division (V3):!
Face Foramen ovale Pons
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Pons mastication, mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric,
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tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
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(Trigeminal neuralgia: inflammation of nerve)
Abducens!
Inferior pons Superior orbital fissure Orbits Lateral rectus muscles
Facial! !
Inferior pons Internal acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen lateral side of face
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Parasympathetic nerves to lacrimal and salivary (submandibular, sublingual)
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glands, glands of nose and palate
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Branchial muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly
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of digastric
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Anterior 2/3 of taste buds Chorda tympani Internal acoustic meatus Inferior pons
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(Bells palsy by herpes simplex I virus: facial muscle paralysis + loss of taste sensation)
Vestibulocochlear!
Hearing (cochlear) and equilibrium (vestibular) apparatus Internal acoustic
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meatus pons-medulla border
Glossopharyngeal!
Medulla jugular foramen pharynx+parotid salivary gland (Parasympathetic)
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Posterior 1/3 of taste buds + pharynx Medulla
Vagus! !
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Medulla jugular foramen mostly Parasympathetic fibers to organs +
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pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
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Taste (epiglottis + palate) + viscera + somatic (ear) Medulla
Accessory!
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Medulla + spinal root ( foramen magnum) Cranial root jugular foramen
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pharynx + soft palate + trapezius + sternocleidomastoid
Hypoglossal!
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Medullar hypoglossal canal tongue (swallowing and speech)

Dorsal Alar Plate Dorsal Sensory Horn


===Sulcus Limitans===
Ventral Basal Plate Ventral Motor Horn
Motor (Efferent) Fibers
Somatic (supply skeletal muscles derived from head somites): 3, 4, 6, 11, 12
Branchiomotor (supply skeletal muscles derived from branchial arches): 5, 7, 9, 10
Visceral (supply smooth muscles (involuntary))
Sensory (Afferent) Fibers
Somatic (Transmit general sensation from skin and mucous membranes): 5, 9, 10
Special (Transmit special senses, e.g. Vision, hearing, balance, taste, smell): 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10
Visceral (Transmit information from organs): 9, 10

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