1.

TITLE
The title of the experiment is Kinetic Studies in Batch Reactor

2.0

(Saponification of Ethyl Acetate)

INTRODUCTION

2.1

EXPERIMENTAL BACKGROUND
The design of a chemical reactor calls for prior information

regarding the order of reaction and the value of the reaction rate constant
which gives the reaction rate equation. This information is to be obtained
invariantly through laboratory-scale experiments conducted at constant
temperature. The equipment used is generally of batch type in case of
homogeneous reaction, and of flow type in case of the homogeneous or
heterogeneous reactions. The present experiment is very typical of the
kinetic method that is normally used for simple homogeneous reaction.
The experiment can be divided into two parts, which is to find the
reaction order and the rate constant at constant temperature. The second
part is to determine the activation energy for saponification of ethyl
acetate. Reaction rates depend on the composition and the temperature of
the reaction mixture. Every chemical reaction occurs at finite rate and,
therefore can potentially serve as the basis for a chemical kinetic method
of analysis. On the other hand, activation energy is the energy barrier that
has to be overcome for a reaction to happen.
2.2

THEORIES AND EXPLANATIONS

The saponification in ethyl acetate in dilute aqueous solution can be

written as :
CH3COOC2H5 (l) + NaOH (l) = CH3COONa (l) C2H5OH (l)
Because that the reaction saponification of ethyl acetate is a single
reaction, let A be NaOH and B be CH3COOC2H5, the rate equation can be
defined as
-rA = k(CA)(CB)
= kf (CA)
= kCAn

When one mole of A reacts with one mole of B

In determining the rate constant of the reaction, we can use the

differential method. The differential method of analysis deals with the
differential rate equation to be tested, evaluating all terms in the equation
including the derivative dC/dt, and testing the goodness of fit of the
equation with the experiment. By plotting the graph of concentration C A
versus time t, we can find the slope or tangent at point for the suitably
selected concentration values by using mirror method. The slope of these
points dCA/dt is the rates of reactions at certain compositions. Then, plot
the graph of log [dCA/dt] vs log [CA]
-rA = kCAn
Log [-dCA/dt] = nlog [CA] + log k
The graph of log [dCA/dt] vs log [CA] is a straight line. The rate constant, k
and the order of the reaction, n can be directly obtained by finding the
intercepts and the slope from the graph of log [dC A/dt] vs log [CA].
The Arrhenius eqution:
K = AeE/RT
Where K =rate constant
A =frequency factor
E =activation energy
R = ideal gas constant
T =temperature
Rearranging the Arrhenius equation,
Ln k = (-E/R)(1/T) ln A
3.0
OBJECTIVE
1. To verify that the saponification of ethyl acetate in dilute aqueous
solution is a second order reaction.
2. To report the value of the reaction rate constant.

3. To find the activation energy of the reaction of saponification of

ethyld acetate in dilute aqueous solution.