PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

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The scientist who discovered electron from the study of the nature of cathode rays was:
B
a) Ernest Rutherford
b) Einstein
c) J. J. Thompson
d) Niles Bohr
The nuclear model of the atom was derived partly from experiments involving the scattering of alpha C
particles performed by:
a) Newton
b) Chadwick
c) Rutherford
d) Einstein
Neutrons and Protons in the nucleus are together called:
C
a) Atomic particles
b) Mesons
c) Nucleons
d) Photons
The bulk of the mass of an atom is concentrated in its:
D
a) Electron shell
b) Neutrons
c) Protons
d) Nucleus
Nuclie having the same nuclear charge but different masses are called:
A
a) Isotopes
b) Isotones
c) Isomers
d) Isobars
An atom of an element differ from an atom of one of its isotopes in the number of:
B
a) Protons in the nucleus
b) Neutrons in the nucleus
c) Electrons outside the nucleus
d) Valence electrons
A naturally occurring disintegration involving the emission of high energy electrons is called:
B
a) Alpha decay
b) Beta decay
c) Gamma decay
d) Sigma decay
Beta particles are:
C
a) Hydrogen nuclei
b) Helium nuclei
c) Electrons
d) Photons
A deuteron is:
A
a) A proton and neutron bound together
b) A type of proton
c) A type of neutron
d) A type of beta particle
A particle having the mass of an electron and the charge of a proton is called:
D
a) Antiproton
b) Photons
c) Betatron
d) Positron
Fusion chain reaction are possible in:
C
a) A nuclear reactor
b) A linear acceleration
c) Sun and Stars
d) All of the above
Atomic theory was announced by Dalton in:
C
a) 1895
b) 1905
c) 1808
d) 1885
The electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson by passing an electric discharge through:
C
a) A solid
b) A liquid
c) A gas at low pressure
d) A gas at high pressure
Charge on an electron was determined by:
C
a) Ampere
b) Maxwell
c) Millikan
d) Thomson
Rutherford bombarded a thin sheet of gold with:
C

a)
-rays
b)
-rays
c) -rays
d) X-rays
Proton was discovered by Rutherford in:
D
a) 1915
b) 1918
c) 1910
d) 1920
Chadwick discovered neutron by the study of scattering of alpha particles from:
C
a) Gold foil
b) Nitrogen
c) Beryllium
d) Oxygen
Chadwick discovered in 1932:
B
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Atom
d) Photon
Neutron was discovered by:
D
a) Curie
b) Roentgen
c) Rutherford
d) Chadwick

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

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PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

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Isotopes of an element are atoms whose nuclei have:

a) The same atomic number Z but differ in mass A
b) The same mass number A but differ in atomic number Z
c) The same number of neutrons but different number of protons
d) None of the above
Charge on neutron is:
a) + 1.6 10-19C
b) Zero
c) - 1.6 10-19C
d) 1.2 10-19C
A particle having the mass of an electron and the charge of a proton is called a:
a) Antiproton
b) Positron
c) Gamma rays
d) Photon
The nucleus consists of:
a) Protons and neutrons
b) Protons and electrons
c) Protons only
d) Electrons and neutrons
Mass of neutron is:
a) 1.6 10-31kg
b) 1.6 10-27kg
-31

c) 9.1 10 kg
d) 1.6 10-30kg
Mass of protons is:
a) 1.6 10-27kg
b) 1.6 10-31kg
c) 9.1 10-31kg
d) 1.6 10-17kg
1 amu is equal to:
a) 1.66 10-24kg
b) 1.66 10-19kg
-34

c) 1.66 10 kg
d) 1.66 10-27kg
Atoms in an element whose atomic number are the same but have different mass number are called:
a) Isobars
b) Isotons
c) Isotopes
d) Isomers
The nuclei having the same mass number but different atomic number are called:
a) Isotopes
b) Isobars
c) Isotones
d) Isomers
A mass spectrograph (Spectrometer) sorts out:
a) Molecules
b) Atoms
c) Elements
d) Isotopes
The chemical behaviour of an atom is determined by:
a) Binding energy
b) Number of isotopes
c) Atomic number
d) Mass number
The mass of a positron is equal to the mass of:
a) Neutron
b) Proton
c) Deutron
d) Electron
Nuclear force is:
a) Attractive and long range
b) Repulsive and long range
c) Attractive and short range
d) None of the above
The sum of the masses of constituent nucleons as compared to the mass of the resultant nucleus is:
a) Smaller
b) Greater
c) The same
d) Sometimes smaller sometimes greater
The amount of energy required to break the nucleus is called its:
a) Nuclear energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Potential energy
d) Binding energy
The amount of energy equivalent to 1 amu is:
a) 9.315 Mev
b) 93.15 Mev
c) 931.5 Mev
d) 2.224 Mev
Radioactivity was discovered by:
a) H. Becquerel
b) Madam Curie
c) Rutherford
d) Bohr

, and rays are emitted from a radio-active substance:

a) Spontaneously
b) When it interacts with the other particle
c) When it is heated
d) When it is exposed to light
Curie is a unit of:
a) Reluctance
b) Binding energy
c) Resistivity
d) Radioactivity

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

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B
B
A
B
A
D
C
B
D
C
D
C
B
D
C
A
A

PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

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B
The reciprocal of decay constant ( ) of a radioactive elements is:
a) Half life
b) Mean life
c) Total life
d) Curie
An alpha particle is emitted from 88Ra226 what is the mass and atomic number of the daughter C
nucleus:
Mass Number
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Atomic Number
a)
224
84
b)
220
80
c)
222
86
d)
226
87
-particles are:
B
a) Hydrogen nuclei
b) Electrons
c) Protons
d) Photons
Gamma rays consist of a stream of:
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Photons
d) Positrons
Alpha particles are:
a) Electrons
b) Hydrogen nuclei
c) Photons
d) Helium nuclei
The rate of decay (disintegration per unit time) of radioactive substance:
a) Is constant
b) Decreases exponentially with time
c) Varies inversely as time
d) Decreases linearly with time
The binding energy per nucleon is:
a) Greatest for heavy nuclei
b) Least for heavy nuclei
c) Greatest for light nuclei
d) Least for medium weight nuclei
A Curie represents a very strong source of:
a) -particle
b) -particle
c) Radioactivity
d) -particle

C
D
B
B
C

During fission process, a large amount of:

B
a) Heat energy is released
b) Nuclear energy is released
c) Electrical energy is released
d) Chemical energy is released
Controlled fission chain reaction is maintained in a:
A
a) Nuclear reactor
b) Linear accelerator
c) Cyclotron
d) Stellerator
Fission chain reaction is controlled by introducing:
B
a) Graphite rods
b) Cadmium rods
c) Iron rods
d) Platinum rods
The mass of fissionable material required for self-sustaining chain reaction is called the:
C
a) Atomic mass
b) Fermi mass
c) Critical mass
d) Super critical mass
First atomic reactor was introduced by:
C
a) Rutherford
b) Wilson
c) Enrico Fermi
d) Curie
The moderator used in a nuclear reactor is:
D
a) Aluminium
b) Sodium
c) Calcium
d) Graphite
The atomic bomb is an example of:
C
a) Controlled nuclear fission
b) Controlled nuclear fusion
c) Uncontrolled nuclear fission
d) Uncontrolled nuclear fusion
Tick the correct statement:
A
a) Moderators slow down the neutrons
b) Moderators absorb the fast neutrons
c) Moderators reflect the fast neutrons
d) Moderators bring the neutrons to rest
In liquid metal fast breeder reactor, the type of uranium used is:
B
a) 92U235
b) 92U238
c) 92U234
d) 92U239
The process in which two or more light nuclei combine together to form heavier nuclei with release B
of energy is called:
a) Fission
b) Fusion
c) Chain reaction
d) Chemical reaction
The source of energy in the sun and the stars is mainly due to:
B
a) Fission reaction
b) Fusion reaction
c) Chain reaction
d) Chemical reaction

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

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PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

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Hydrogen bomb is an example of:

a) Nuclear fission
b) Nuclear fusion
c) Chain reaction
d) Chemical reaction
The example of fusion reaction is:
a) The formation of water from oxygen and hydrogen
b) The formation of barium and Krypton from uranium
c) The formation of helium from hydrogen
d) None of the above
Materials can be identified by measuring their:
a) Hardness
b) Density
c) Mass
d) Half-life
Radioactivity:
a) is exhibited more by semiconductors in general
b) in exhibited more by the elements when they are coupled with other radio-active elements by a
convalent bond
c) is an atomic property of radioactive elements
d) None of these
In 1819, J. J. Thomson performed famous experiment relating to the passage of electric current
through:
a) Solids
b) Liquids
c) Gases
d) None of these
The charge on the electron was successfully determined by:
a) Bohr in 1908
b) Millikan in 1909
c) Einstein in 1905
d) Dalton in 1908
According to Rutherford atomic model, the positive charge in an atom:
a) is concentrated at its centre
b) are in the form of positive electrons at some distance from its centre
c) is spread uniformly through its volume
d) is readily deflected by an alpha particle
For an atom having atomic number Z and atomic weight A, the number of neutrons in the nucleus is:
a) A Z
b) A + Z
c) Z
d) A
For an atom having atomic number Z and atomic weight A, the charge on the nucleus is:
a) A - Z
b) A + Z
c) Z
d) A
For an atom having atomic number Z and atomic weight A, the number of electrons in the atom is:
a) A - Z
b) A + Z
c) Z
d) A
Mass of proton is of the order of:
a) 10-31 mg
b) 10-27 kg
-24
c) 10 g
d) All of them
Charge on proton is:
a) + 1.59 10-9 C
b) + 1.59 10-7 C
-19

c) - 1.59 10 C
d) + 1.59 10-19 C
Mass defect per nucleon is called:
a) average energy of nucleons
b) binding energy of nucleus
c) packing fraction of nucleus
d) None of these
The energy of an electron revolving in the first orbit of hydrogen atom is:
a) -15.4 eV
b) -3.4eV
c) +13.6eV
d) -13.6eV
A gram mole of any substance contains:
a) 6.021 108 atomic nuclei
b) 6.022 1016 atomic nuclei
23

c) 6.022 10 atomic nuclei

d) 6.022 1021 atomic nuclei
The half life of phosphorus -32 is 15 days. A given mass of phosphorus-32 will be reduced to of
its original mass in:
a) 60 days
b) 30 days
c) 45 days
d) 90 days
What percent of original radioactive atoms left after five half lives?
a) 3%
b) 5%
c) 10%
d) 20%
Radioactivity is:
a) Self-distruptive activity
b) spontaneous activity
c) exhibited by all elements under proper conditions d) both a and b

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

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B
C

D
C

B
A

A
C
C
D
D
C
D
C
B

A
B

PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

84.
85.

86.

Gamma rays carry a charge:

a) -e
b)
c) +2e
d)
Phenomenon of radioactivity is due to disintegration of:
a) Nucleus
b)
c) Proton
d)
-particle carries a charge:
a) -2ve
c) -ve

87.
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D
+e
None of these
A
Neutron
Molecule
C

b) +2ve
d) +ve

When a radioactive nucleus emits a -particle, the proton-neutron ratio:

a) decreases
b) increases
c) remains the same
d) none of these
The reciprocal of decay constant of a radioactive element is called its:
a) Half life
b) Mean life
c) Total life
d) None of these
Nuclear reactions can be induced in 92U238 with the bombardment of:
a) Slow neutron
b) Fast neutron
c) Photon
d) Graviton
Electron was discovered by:
a) J. J. Thomson
b) Einstein
c) Rutherford
d) Neil Bohr
Neutrons were discovered by bombarding alpha particles on:
a) Nitrogen
b) Gold
c) Beryllium
d) Helium
The phenomenon of spontaneous nuclear transformation accompanied by emission of energy is
called:
a) Photoelectric effect
b) Compton effect
c) Radioactivity
d) Pair production
Proton was discovered by Rutherford by bombarding nitrogen with:
a) Alpha particles
b) Beta Particles
c) Gamma particles
d) X-rays
An apparatus used to determine the masses of protons, nuclei, ions is:
a) Wilsons cloud chamber
b) Geiger counter
c) Mass spectrometer
d) Slid state detector
Which one of the following cannot be used as moderator:
a) Graphite
b) Heavy water
c) Lead
d) None of these
Which one of the following can be used as neutron arrestor?
a) Graphite
b) Heavy water
c) uranium
d) Cadmium
Which one of the following isotopes of uranium can undergo fission with bombardment of slow
neutron:
a) 92U235
b) 92U234
238
c) 92U
d) None of these
Half life of a given sample of radium is 22 years. The sample will reduce to 25% of its original value
after:
a) 11 years
b) 22 years
c) 44 years
d) 88 years
According to Rutherford the size of the nucleus is of order of:
a) 10-15 m
b) 10-14 m
-13
c) 10 m
d) 10-12 m
In discovery of nucleus Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with fast moving:
a) Beta particles
b) Gamma particles
c) Alpha particles
d) X-rays
After alpha decay the atomic number of the atom:
a) increases by four
b) decreases by two
c) increases by two
d) decreases by four

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

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B
B
A
C
C

A
C
C
D
A

B
C
C

PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

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118.
120.
121.
122.

The half-life of radium is 1600 years. What is the fraction of radium sample that would survive after
6400 years?
a) 1/2
b) 1/4
c) 1/8
d) 1/16
Electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson by passing an electric discharge through:
a) a gas at low pressure
b) a liquid
c) a solid
d) a gas at a pressure higher than atmospheric
pressure
Neutron was discovered by:
a) Chadwick
b) Rutherford
c) Neil Bohr
d) Einstein
Electron was discovered in:
a) 1895
b) 1891
c) 1885
d) 1808
Radioactivity was discovered by:
a) Rutherford
b) Henn Becquad
c) Einstein
d) Rontgen
The charge on electron was discovered by Millikan in:
a) 1895
b) 1905
c) 1909
d) 1916
Structure of the nucleus was explained by:
a) J.J. Thomson
b) Bohr
c) Millikan
d) Rutherford
Rutherford discovered proton in:
a) 1925
b) 1920
c) 1906
d) 1909
The diameter of an atom is of the order:
a) 10-125 m
b) 10-11 m
-10
c) 10 m
d) 10-9 m
An atom of an element differs from an atom of one of its isotopes in the number of:
a) Neutrons in the nucleus
b) Protons in the nucleus
c) Electrons outside the nucleus
d) Valence electrons
Nuclei that have the same charge number but different mass number are called:
a) Isotones
b) Isomers
c) Isotopes
d) Isobars
One amu is equal to:
a) 1.66 10-27 kg
b) 1.6 10-19 kg
-24
c) 1.66 10 kg
d) 1.67 10-31 kg
The rate of decay of a radioactive substance:
a) decreases exponentially with time
b) decreases linearly with time
c) increases linearly with time
d) increases exponentially with time
Different radioactive materials have:
a) Same half lives
b) Different half lives
c) Same mean lives
d) Same total lives
The half life of a radioactive element is 6 min. If the initial count rate is 824 per min, how long will
it take to reach count rate 206:
a) 12 min
b) 18 min
c) 36 min
d) 72 min
The time required for a radioactive material to decrease in activity by one half is called:
a) half time of the material
b) Half life of the material
c) Disintegration time
d) Mean life of material
After alpha decay the mass of the nucleus:
a) Increases by four
b) Decreases by four
c) Does not change
d) Increases by two
Neutrons are:
a) Positively charged
b) Negatively charged
c) Massless
d) Neutral
Alpha particles are:
a) Hydrogen nuclei
b) Helium nuclei
c) Lithium nuclei
d) Beryllium nuclei

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

-6-

A
B
B
C
D
B
C
A
C
A
A
B
A

B
B
D
B

PHYSICS

CHAPTER # 19
The Atomic Nucleus

123.
124.

Gamma particles are:

a) Photons
c) Neutrons
Beta particles are:
a) Protons
c) Photons

Bahadur Ali Qureshi

A
b) Electrons
d) Protons
B
b) Electrons
d) Neutrons

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