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Scalar multiplication:
1.3.3 Projection of ~u on ~v
Exercise 2: An object is pulled a distance of 100 m along a horizontal path by a constant force of
25N. The force is applied at an angle of 30 above the horizontal. Find the work done by the force.
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1.4.2 3-space
1.4.3 n-space
Exercise 4: Let ~u = (1, 0) and ~v = (2, 2). Find , the angle between ~u and ~v .
Exercise 5: Let ~u = (2, 2, 4, 1) and ~v = (5, 9, 1, 0). Find , the angle between ~u and ~v .
(1)
~u ~v
and substitute in (1) to obtain
k~v k2
k~uk2 2
(~u ~v )2 (~u ~v )2
+
0.
k~v k2
k~v k2
(2)
Exercise 7: Let ~u = (1, 2) and ~v = (0, 3). Verify Schwarz inequalty and triangle inequality
graphically and algebrically.
Exercise 8: Let ~u = (1, 2, 4, 0) and ~v = (3, 1, 2, 5). Verify Schwarz inequalty and triangle inequality.
1.7 Orthogonality
1.7.1 Perpendicular vectors
Exercise 9: Let u~1 = (2, 3, 1, 0), u~2 = (1, 2, 8, 3) and u~3 = (9, 6, 0, 1). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 } an orthogonal
set?
1.8 Normalization
1.8.1 Normal vector
Exercise 11: Let u~1 = (1, 0, 0, 0), u~2 = (0, 12 , 0, 12 ) and u~2 = (0, 12 , 0, 12 ). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 } an
orthonomal set?
Exercise 13: Let u : [0, 1] R be continuous. The sum of two functions u and v is given by
u + v := u(x) + v(x) and scalar multiplication is given by u := u(x). Show that the function
space S = {u(x)|u : [0, 1] R} is a vector space.
1.9.2 Norm
1.10 Span
1.10.1 Linear combination of vectors
Exercise 15: Find the span of {~u = (2, 3), ~v = (4, 6)}.
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1.11 Subspaces
Exercise 16: Let u~1 = (5, 1) and u~2 = (1, 3). Is span{u~1 , u~2 } = R2 or a subspace of R2 ?
Exercise 17: Let u~1 = (1, 0), u~2 = (1, 1) and u~3 = (5, 4). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 } linearly independent or
linearly dependent?
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Exercise 18: Let u~1 = (1, 0), and u~2 = (1, 1). Is {u~1 , u~2 } linearly independent or linearly dependent?
Exercise 19: Let u~1 = (2, 1), u~2 = (0, 1) and u~3 = (0, 0). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 } linearly independent or
linearly dependent?
Exercise 20: Let u~1 = (2, 0, 1, 3), u~2 = (0, 1, 1, 1) and u~3 = (2, 2, 3, 0). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 } linearly
independent or linearly dependent?
Exercise 21: Let u~1 = (1, 0, 1), u~2 = (1, 1, 1), u~3 = (1, 1, 2) and u~3 = (1, 2, 1). Is {u~1 , u~2 , u~3 , u~4 }
linearly independent or linearly dependent?
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1.12.2 Propositions
1.13 Basis
Exercise 22: Let e~1 = (2, 1), and e~2 = (2, 4). Is {e~1 , e~2 } a basis for R?
Exercise 23: Expand ~u = (6, 2) in terms of the basis vectors e~1 = (2, 1), and e~2 = (2, 4).
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1.14 Dimension
Exercise 24: Expand ~u = (4, 3, 3, 6) in terms of orthogonal basis vectors e~1 = (1, 0, 2, 0), e~2 =
(0, 1, 0, 0), e~3 = (2, 0, 1, 5), and e~4 = (2, 0, 1, 1) of R4 .
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