Bill Gates

1 Early life

For other people named Bill Gates, see Bill Gates

(disambiguation).

Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, in an uppermiddle-class family, the son of William H. Gates,
Sr.[lower-alpha 2] and Mary Maxwell Gates. His ancestral
origin includes English, German, and Scots-Irish.[13][14]
His father was a prominent lawyer, and his mother served
on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. Gatess maternal grandfather
was JW Maxwell, a national bank president. Gates has
one elder sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as William Gates III or Trey because his father had the II sux.[15] Early on in his
life, Gatess parents had a law career in mind for him.[16]
When Gates was young, his family regularly attended
a Protestant Congregational church.[17][18][19] The family encouraged competition; one visitor reported that it
didn't matter whether it was hearts or pickleball or swimming to the dock ... there was always a reward for winning
and there was always a penalty for losing.[20]

William Henry Bill Gates III (born October 28,

1955) is an American business magnate, philanthropist,
investor, computer programmer, and inventor.[1][2][3]
Gates originally established his reputation as the cofounder of Microsoft, the worlds largest PC software
company, with Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and
chief software architect, and was also the largest individual shareholder until May 2014.[4][lower-alpha 1] He has also
authored and co-authored several books.
Today he is consistently ranked in the Forbes list of the
worlds wealthiest people[7] and was the wealthiest overall
from 1995 to 2014excluding a few brief periods post2008.[8] Between 2009 and 2014 his wealth more than
doubled from $40 billion to more than $82 billion.[9] Between 2013 and 2014 his wealth increased by $15 billion, or around $1.5 billion more than the entire GDP of
Iceland in 2014.[10]

At 13, he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclusive preparatory school.[21] When he was in the eighth
grade, the Mothers Club at the school used proceeds
from Lakeside Schools rummage sale to buy a Teletype
Model 33 ASR terminal and a block of computer time
on a General Electric (GE) computer for the schools
students.[22] Gates took an interest in programming the
GE system in BASIC, and was excused from math classes
to pursue his interest. He wrote his rst computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe
that allowed users to play games against the computer.
Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would
always execute software code perfectly. When he reected back on that moment, he said, There was just
something neat about the machine.[23] After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, he and other students
sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging
to Computer Center Corporation (CCC), which banned
four Lakeside studentsGates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland,
and Kent Evansfor the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.[24][25]

Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the

personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized
for his business tactics, which have been considered anticompetitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by numerous court rulings.[11][12] In the later stages
of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to
various charitable organizations and scientic research
programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
established in 2000.
Gates stepped down as chief executive ocer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and
created the position of chief software architect for himself. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be
transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to parttime work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray
Ozzie (who has since left Microsoft), chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy
ocer. Gatess last full-time day at Microsoft was June
27, 2008. He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in
February 2014, taking on a new post as technology advisor to support newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella.

At the end of the ban, the four students oered to nd

bugs in CCCs software in exchange for computer time.
Rather than use the system via Teletype, Gates went to
CCCs oces and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including programs in
1

2
Fortran, Lisp, and machine language. The arrangement
with CCC continued until 1970, when the company went
out of business. The following year, Information Sciences, Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write a
payroll program in Cobol, providing them computer time
and royalties. After his administrators became aware
of his programming abilities, Gates wrote the schools
computer program to schedule students in classes. He
modied the code so that he was placed in classes with
a disproportionate number of interesting girls.[26] He
later stated that it was hard to tear myself away from
a machine at which I could so unambiguously demonstrate success.[23] At age 17, Gates formed a venture
with Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make trac counters
based on the Intel 8008 processor.[27] In early 1973, Bill
Gates served as a congressional page in the U.S. House
of Representatives.[28]

MICROSOFT

vard at this time.[39] He had talked this decision over with

his parents, who were supportive of him after seeing how
much Gates wanted to start a company.[36]

2 Microsoft
Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft

2.1 BASIC

Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973 and was

a National Merit Scholar.[29] He scored 1590 out of
1600 on the SAT[30] and enrolled at Harvard College
in the autumn of 1973.[31] While at Harvard, he met
Steve Ballmer, who would later succeed Gates as CEO
of Microsoft.[32]

MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) oppy disk
system

The Poker Room in Currier House at Harvard University, where

Gates and Allen formed Microsoft

In his sophomore year, Gates devised an algorithm for

pancake sorting as a solution to one of a series of unsolved
problems[33] presented in a combinatorics class by Harry
Lewis, one of his professors. Gatess solution held the
record as the fastest version for over thirty years;[33][34]
its successor is faster by only one percent.[33] His solution
was later formalized in a published paper in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.[35]

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contacted
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS),
the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them
that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter
for the platform.[40] In reality, Gates and Allen did not
have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely
wanted to gauge MITSs interest. MITS president Ed
Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the
course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator
that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITSs oces in
Albuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal with
MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul
Allen was hired into MITS,[41] and Gates took a leave
of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in
Albuquerque in November 1975. They named their partnership Micro-Soft and had their rst oce located in
Albuquerque.[41] Within a year, the hyphen was dropped,
and on November 26, 1976, the trade name Microsoft
was registered with the Oce of the Secretary of the
State of New Mexico.[41] Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies.

Gates did not have a denite study plan while a student

at Harvard[36] and spent a lot of time using the schools
computers. Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen,
and he joined him at Honeywell during the summer of
1974.[37] The following year saw the release of the MITS
Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and
Allen saw this as the opportunity to start their own com- Microsofts BASIC was popular with computer hobbyputer software company.[38] Gates dropped out of Har- ists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had

2.3

Windows

leaked into the community and was being widely copied

and distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote an
Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute,
and maintain high-quality software without payment.[42]
This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft
became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.[41] The company moved from Albuquerque
to its new home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1,
1979.[40]

2.3 Windows
Microsoft launched its rst retail version of Microsoft
Windows on November 20, 1985, and in August, the
company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate
operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully developed the rst version of the new
system, mounting creative dierences caused the partnership to deteriorate.[49]

2.4 Management style

During Microsofts early years, all employees had broad

responsibility for the companys business. Gates oversaw
the business details, but continued to write code as well.
In the rst ve years, Gates personally reviewed every line
of code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts of
it as he saw t.[43]

2.2

IBM partnership

IBM approached Microsoft in July 1980 regarding its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC.[44] The computer company rst proposed that Microsoft write the
BASIC interpreter. When IBMs representatives mentioned that they needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the
widely used CP/M operating system.[45] IBMs discussions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did not
reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack
Sams mentioned the licensing diculties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later, Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC. Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive
licensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS. Af- Bill Gates in January 2008
ter adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft
delivered it to IBM as PC DOS in exchange for a one- From Microsofts founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had
time fee of $50,000.[46]
primary responsibility for the companys product stratGates did not oer to transfer the copyright on the op- egy. He aggressively broadened the companys range of
erating system, because he believed that other hardware products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant
vendors would clone IBMs system.[46] They did, and position he vigorously defended it. He gained a reputation
the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player for being distant to others; as early as 1981 an industry
in the industry.[47] Despite IBMs name on the operat- executive complained in public that Gates is notorious
reachable by phone and for not returning
ing system the press quickly identied Microsoft as be- for not being[50]
Another executive recalled that after he
phone
calls.
ing very inuential on the new computer. PC Magazine
showed
Gates
a
game
and defeated him 35 of 37 times,
[44]
asked if Gates were the man behind the machine?",
when
they
met
again
a
month later Gates won or tied
and InfoWorld quoted an expert as stating its Gates
every
game.
He
had
studied
the game until he solved it.
[48]
Gates oversaw Microsofts company recomputer.
[51]
That
is
a
competitor.
structuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the
company in Washington state and made Gates President As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsofts
senior managers and program managers. Firsthand acof Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board.[40]

counts of these meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived holes in their
business strategies or proposals that placed the companys
long-term interests at risk.[52][53]

MICROSOFT

Early rounds of his deposition show him

oering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I
don't recall,' so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of
the technology chiefs denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors
with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and
received.[62]

He has interrupted presentations with such comments

Thats the stupidest thing I've ever heard!"[54] and, Why
don't you just give up your options and join the Peace
Corps?"[55] The target of his outburst then had to defend
the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully
convinced.[54] When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, I'll Gates later said he had simply resisted attempts by Boies
to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his dedo it over the weekend.[56][57][58]
meanor during the deposition, he said, Did I fence with
Gatess role at Microsoft for most of its history was pri- Boies? ... I plead guilty. Whatever that penalty is
marily a management and executive role. However, he should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the rst
was an active software developer in the early years, partic- degree.[63] Despite Gates denials, the judge ruled that
ularly on the companys programming language products. Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, and
He has not ocially been on a development team since blocking competition, both in violation of the Sherman
working on the TRS-80 Model 100,[59] but wrote code as Antitrust Act.[63]
late as 1989 that shipped in the companys products.[57]
On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to
dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his re2.6 Appearance in ads
sponsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozzie
in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie
in charge of long-term product strategy.[60]

2.5

Antitrust litigation

Further information: United States Microsoft antitrust

case and European Union Microsoft competition case
Many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Mi-

Gates mugshot of his 1977 arrest in New Mexico

Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998

crosofts business practices have had Gatess approval. In

the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized
as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the
contextual meaning of words such as, compete, concerned, and we. The judge and other observers in the
court room were seen laughing at various points during
the deposition.[61] BusinessWeek reported:

Gates appeared in a series of ads to promote Microsoft in

2008. The rst commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld,
is a 90-second talk between strangers as Seinfeld walks
up on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall and
notices Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is trying
to sell Mr. Gates shoes that are a size too big. As Gates
is buying the shoes, he holds up his discount card, which
uses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of his
arrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a trac violation.[64] As
they are walking out of the mall, Seinfeld asks Gates if he
has melded his mind to other developers, after getting a
Yes, he then asks if they are working on a way to make
computers edible, again getting a Yes. Some say that
this is an homage to Seinfelds own show about nothing
(Seinfeld).[65] In a second commercial in the series, Gates
and Seinfeld are at the home of an average family trying
to t in with normal people.

Post-Microsoft

French on January 1, 1994. They have three children:

daughters Jennifer Katharine (b. 1996) and Phoebe
Adele (b. 2002), and son Rory John (b. 1999). The family resides in the Gateses home, an earth-sheltered house
in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina. According to King County public records, as of 2006
the total assessed value of the property (land and house)
is $125 million, and the annual property tax is $991,000.
The 66,000 sq ft (6,100 m2 ) estate has a 60-foot (18 m)
swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well
as a 2,500 sq ft (230 m2 ) gym and a 1,000 sq ft (93 m2 )
dining room.[75]

Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft, Gates

continues his philanthropy and, among other projects,
purchased the video rights to the Messenger Lectures
series called The Character of Physical Law, given at
Cornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964 and
recorded by the BBC. The videos are available online to the public at Microsofts Project Tuva.[66][67] In
April 2010, Gates was invited to visit and speak at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he
asked the students to take on the dicult problems of the
world in their futures.[68][69]
In an interview with Rolling Stone, Gates stated in regard
According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Gates to his faith:
was the worlds highest-earning billionaire in 2013, as
his fortune increased by US$15.8 billion to US$78.5 billion. As of January 2014, most of Gatess assets are
held in Cascade Investment LLC, an entity through which
he owns stakes in numerous businesses, including Four
Seasons Hotels and Resorts, and Corbis Corp.[70] On
February 4, 2014, Gates stepped down as Chair of Microsoft to become Technology Advisor alongside Satya
Nadella.[71][72]
In a substantial interview with Rolling Stone magazine,
published in the March 27, 2014 issue, Gates provided his
perspective on a range of issues, such as climate change,
his charitable activities, various tech companies and people involved in them, and the state of America. In response to a question about his greatest fear when he looks
50 years into the future, Gates stated: "... there'll be some
really bad things that'll happen in the next 50 or 100 years,
but hopefully none of them on the scale of, say, a million people that you didn't expect to die from a pandemic,
or nuclear or bioterrorism. Gates also identied innovation as the real driver of progress and pronounced that
Americas way better today than its ever been.[73]

Personal life

The moral systems of religion, I think, are

super important. We've raised our kids in
a religious way; they've gone to the Catholic
church that Melinda goes to and I participate
in. I've been very lucky, and therefore I owe
it to try and reduce the inequity in the world.
And thats kind of a religious belief. I mean,
its at least a moral belief.[76]
In the same interview, Gates said: I agree with people
like Richard Dawkins that mankind felt the need for creation myths. Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that, we sought false
explanations for them. Now science has lled in some of
the realm not all that religion used to ll. But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing, and theres no scientic explanation of how it came
about. To say that it was generated by random numbers,
that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view
[laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, but
exactly what decision in your life you make dierently
because of it, I don't know.[76]
Among Gatess private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, which
Gates bought for $30.8 million at an auction in 1994.[77]
Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the ceiling of
his large home library is engraved with a quotation from
The Great Gatsby.[78] He also enjoys playing bridge, tennis, and golf.[79][80]

Gates was number one on the Forbes 400 list from 1993
through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of The
Worlds Richest People from 1995 to 2007 and 2009. In
1999, his wealth briey surpassed $101 billion, causing
the media to call Gates a centibillionaire.[81] Despite
his wealth and extensive business travel Gates usually ew
coach until 1997, when he bought a private jet.[82] Since
2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsofts stock price after the dotcom bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he
Bill and Melinda Gates, June 2009
has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006
After being named one of Good Housekeeping 's 50 Most interview, Gates commented that he wished that he were
Eligible Bachelors in 1985,[74] Gates married Melinda not the richest man in the world because he disliked the

4 PERSONAL LIFE

attention it brought.[83] In March 2010, Gates was the second wealthiest person behind Carlos Slim, but regained
the top position in 2013 according to the Bloomberg Billionaires List.[84][85] Carlos Slim retook the position again
in June 2014.[86][87]
Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in
2006 paid him a salary of $616,667 and $350,000 bonus
totalling $966,667.[88] He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director of
Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by
long-time friend Warren Buett.[89]
Around the 1990s, Gates spoke at a high school about
the eleven rules of life, aimed at high school and college
graduates. The rules have since been repeated in schools
across the world, with the purpose of educating students
on how to be successful in their future. Although the rules
are commonly attributed to Gates, it is actually originally
written by educator Charles Sykes in his book Dumbing
Down on Our Kids, written in 1996.[90][91]

4.1

Philanthropy

Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller as a major inuence. Gates
and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and
their charity work is partly modeled on the Rockefeller
family's philanthropic focus, whereby they are interested
in tackling the global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.[96] As of 2007, Bill and
Melinda Gates were the second-most generous philanthropists in America, having given over US$28 billion to
charity;[97] the couple plan to eventually donate 95 percent of their wealth to charity.[98]
On August 15, 2014, Bill Gates posted a video of himself
dumping a bucket of ice water on his head, after Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg challenged him to do so,
in order to raise awareness for ALS.[99]
4.1.2 Personal
Gatess wife urged people to learn a lesson from the philanthropic eorts of the Salwen family, which had sold
its home and given away half of its value, as detailed in
The Power of Half.[100] Gates and his wife invited Joan
Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had
done, and on December 9, 2010, Gates, investor Warren
Buett, and Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg signed a commitment they called the Gates-Buet
Giving Pledge. The pledge is a commitment by all three
to donate at least half of their wealth over the course of
time to charity.[101][102][103]

Gates has also provided personal donations to educational

institutions. In 1999 Gates donated US$20 million to the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for the construction of a computer laboratory named the William
H. Gates Building that was designed by architect Frank
O. Gehry. While Microsoft had previously given nanGates with Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, former British Prime cial support to the institution, this was the rst personal
Minister Gordon Brown, President Umaru Yar'Adua of Nigeria donation received from Gates.[104]
and others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum in Switzerland

Main article: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

4.1.1

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the Harvard School

of Engineering and Applied Sciences is named after the
mothers of both Gates and Microsoft President Steven
A. Ballmer, both of whom were students (Ballmer was a
member of the Schools graduating class of 1977, while
Gates left his studies for Microsoft), and donated funds
for the laboratorys construction.[105] Gates also donated
US$6 million to the construction of the Gates Computer
Science Building, completed in January 1996, on the
campus of Stanford University. The building contains
the Computer Science Department (CSD) and the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) of Stanfords Engineering department.[106]

Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D.

Rockefeller, and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stock
to create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000,
Gates and his wife combined three family foundations
to create the charitable "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identied by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013 as the worlds wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than US$34.6 4.1.3 Criticism
billion.[92][93] The Foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, Further information: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Criticism
Wellcome Trust.[94][95]

4.3

Other business ventures and investments

In 2007 the Los Angeles Times criticized the foundation

for investing its assets in companies which have been accused of worsening poverty, polluting heavily, and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world.[107] In response to press criticism, the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess
social responsibility.[108] It subsequently canceled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum
return, while using voting rights to inuence company
practices.[109] The Gates Millennium Scholars program
has been criticized by Ernest W. Lefever for its exclusion of Caucasian students.[110] The scholarship program
is administered by the United Negro College Fund.[111]

4.2

Recognition

7
powerful person in the world in 2012,[117] up from fth
in 2011.[118]
In 1994, he was honored as the twentieth Distinguished
Fellow of the British Computer Society. Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands, in 2000;[119] KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in
2002;[120] Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, in 2005;
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in April 2007;[121]
Harvard University in June 2007;[122] Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, in 2007,[123] and Cambridge University
in June 2009.[124] He was also made an honorary trustee
of Peking University in 2007.[125]
Gates was made an honorary Knight Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth
II in 2005.[126] In November 2006, he was awarded the
Placard of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, together with
his wife Melinda who was awarded the Insignia of the
same order, both for their philanthropic work around
the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specically in the program "Un
pas de lectores".[127] Gates received the 2010 Bower
Award for Business Leadership from The Franklin Institute for his achievements at Microsoft and his philanthropic work.[128] Also in 2010 he was honored with the
Silver Bualo Award by the Boy Scouts of America, its
highest award for adults, for his service to youth.[129]
Entomologists named Bill Gates ower y, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor in 1997.[130]

Gates and Steve Jobs at the 5th D: All Things Digital conference
(D5) in 2007

In 2002, Bill and Melinda Gates received the Jeerson

Award for Greatest Public Service Beneting the
Disadvantaged.[131]

In 1987 Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes magazines 400 Richest People in America issue, just days
before his 32nd birthday. As the worlds youngest selfmade billionaire, he was worth $1.25 billion, over $900
million more than he'd been worth the year before, when
he'd debuted on the list.[112]

In 2006, Gates received the James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from The Tech Awards.[132]
In recognition for the foundations philanthropic activities
in India, Bill and Melinda Gates jointly received Indias
third highest civilian honor Padma Bhushan in 2015.[133]

In 2015 Government of India awarded The Padma

Bhushan[113] the third highest civilian award of The Re- 4.3 Other business ventures and investpublic of India for Gates and his wife Melinda for their
ments
contribution in Social work. Time magazine named Gates
one of the 100 people who most inuenced the 20th
Cascade Investments LLC, a private investment and
century, as well as one of the 100 most inuential peoholding company, incorporated in United States, is
ple of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectively
controlled by Bill Gates, and is headquartered in the
named Gates, his wife Melinda and U2s lead singer Bono
city of Kirkland, Washington.
as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian
bgC3, a new think-tank company founded by Bill
eorts.[114] In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of
[115]
Gates.
Gates was listed in the Sunday
Heroes of our time.
Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by
Corbis, a digital image licensing and rights services
Chief Executive Ocers magazine in 1994, ranked numcompany.
ber one in the Top 50 Cyber Elite by Time in 1998,
TerraPower, a nuclear reactor design company.
ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and
was included in The Guardian as one of the Top 100
ResearchGate, a social networking site for scientists.
inuential people in media in 2001.[116]
Gates participated in a $35 million round of nancAccording to Forbes, Gates was ranked as the fourth most
ing along with other investors.[134]

Books, lms, and social media

5.1

Books

To date, Bill Gates has authored two books:

The Road Ahead, written with Microsoft executive
Nathan Myhrvold and journalist Peter Rinearson,
was published in November 1995. It summarized
the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by
the arrival of a global information superhighway.
Business @ the Speed of Thought was published in
1999, and discusses how business and technology
are integrated, and shows how digital infrastructures
and information networks can help getting an edge
on the competition.

5.2

Triumph of the Nerds (1996)

[1] Gates regularly documents his share ownership through

public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission form 4
lings.[5][6]
[2] While his father was named William H. Gates II, he is
now generally known as William H. Gates, Sr to avoid
confusion with his son.

8 References
[1] Manes 1994, p. 11.
[2] Bill Gates (American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist)". Retrieved March 20, 2013.
[3] Honoring the Inventor: Bill Gates Patents. Retrieved
March 20, 2013.

[5] MSFT (Holdings), NASDAQ

Nerds 2.0.1 (1998)

[6] MSFT (Symbol), NASDAQ

[135]

The Virtual Revolution (2010)

5.3

7 Notes

[4] Sheridan, Patrick (May 2, 2014). Bill Gates no longer

Microsofts biggest shareholder. CNN Money. Retrieved
August 22, 2014.

Documentaries

Waiting for Superman (2010)

REFERENCES

Feature lms

[7] Wahba, Phil (September 17, 2008). Bill Gates tops US

wealth list 15 years continuously. Reuters. Archived
from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved
November 6, 2008.
[8] William Bill Gates, Forbes (prole), retrieved December 2014

Pirates of Silicon Valley, a 1999 lm which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft from the early [9] The Worlds Billionaires. Forbes. Retrieved November
30, 2014.
1970s to 1997. Gates is portrayed by Anthony
Michael Hall.
[10] Iceland. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved Octo The Social Network, a 2010 lm which chronicles
the development of Facebook. Gates is portrayed
by Steve Sires.[136]

5.4

Social media

In 2013, Gates became a LinkedIn Inuencer.[137]

See also

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EXTERNAL LINKS

9 Further reading
Bank, David (2001). Breaking Windows: how Bill
Gates fumbled the future of Microsoft. New York:
Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0315-1.
Rivlin, Gary (1999). The plot to get Bill Gates: an
irreverent investigation of the worlds richest man...
and the people who hate him. New York: Times
Business. ISBN 0-8129-3006-1.

[128] Bower Award for Business Leadership. The Franklin

Institute. 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2013.

83 Reasons Why Bill Gatess Reign Is Over.

Wired 6 (12). December 1998.

[129] 2010 Silver Bualo Recipients.

SeptemberOctober 2010.

Kildall, Gary (October 25, 2004). The Man Who

Could Have Been Bill Gates. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved June 9, 2010.

Scouting:

39.

[130] Thompson, F. Christian (August 19, 1999). Bill Gates

Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson. The Diptera Site.
Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved
February 18, 2008.
[131] National Winners | public service awards. Jeerson
Awards.org. Retrieved on September 4, 2013.
[132] The 2006 James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian
Award. The Tech Museum of Innovation. Retrieved
April 2, 2014.
[133] PTI. Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan. The Hindu.
[134] Levy, Jared Ari (June 4, 2013). Bill Gates Joins $35
Million Funding in Startup ResearchGate. Bloomberg.
Retrieved January 28, 2015.
[135] Bill Gates Goes to Sundance, Oers an Education. ABC
News. January 23, 2010. Archived from the original on
July 1, 2012.
[136] "'Bogus Bill' has a blast playing billionaire in 'The Social
Network'". KVAL 13.
[137] Wills, Amanda. "Bill Gates Joins LinkedIn", Mashable,
New York, June 13, 2013. Retrieved on July 30, 2013.

8.1

Bibliography

Fridson, Martin (2001), How to Be a Billionaire:

Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth, John
Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-41617-7
Gates, Bill (1996), The Road Ahead, Penguin
Books, ISBN 0-14-026040-4
Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006), Bill Gates (biography),
A&E Television Networks, ISBN 0-8225-7027-0
Manes, Stephen (1994), Gates: How Microsofts
Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself
The Richest Man in America, Touchstone Pictures,
ISBN 0-671-88074-8
Wallace, James (1993), Hard Drive: Bill Gates and
the Making of the Microsoft Empire, New York:
HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-471-56886-4

The Meaning of Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he dominated, The Economist, June 28, 2008.

10 External links
Ocial website
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Prole at Microsoft
Prole at Forbes
Ancestry of Bill Gates
Appearances on C-SPAN

Bill Gates at TED

Bill Gates at the Internet Movie Database
Bill Gates collected news and commentary at The
Guardian
Bill Gates collected news and commentary at The
New York Times
Bill Gates collected news and commentary at The
Wall Street Journal
Bill Gates collected news and commentary at
Bloomberg News
Works by or about Bill Gates in libraries (WorldCat
catalog)
Works by Bill Gates at Open Library
Bill Gates at the Notable Names Database
How I Work: Bill Gates, Fortune, March 30, 2006.
The Forbes 400, September 16, 2008.

13

11
11.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Bill Gates Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Gates?oldid=651184804 Contributors: AxelBoldt, WojPob, Eloquence, Mav,

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