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Lehigh University

Lehigh Preserve
Fritz Laboratory Reports

Civil and Environmental Engineering

1-1-1962

Frame stability by energy method, November 1962


Y. C. Yen

Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/engr-civil-environmental-fritz-labreports


Recommended Citation
Yen, Y. C., "Frame stability by energy method, November 1962" (1962). Fritz Laboratory Reports. Paper 1756.
http://preserve.lehigh.edu/engr-civil-environmental-fritz-lab-reports/1756

This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted
for inclusion in Fritz Laboratory Reports by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact
preserve@lehigh.edu.

~-

ROUGH R~?T

Ie

276.12

FRAME INSTABILITX BY ~ERGY mHO}}


f

by

\--...-

c.,

Y.
1.

Yen

ASSUMPTIONS

, al

The structure 1s conservat1ve.

lsslngle-valued function. of

c)
2.

~hear1ng

The ef'fect of'

Theref'ore bending moment

c~rv8ture.

force Is, negllgible.

BENDING STMIN ENERGY

'Flguz>e 1 shows the non-dlmenslonal moment vee curvature

.r-

relations of the 8WF3l sectlon.

"---'

represents the bending straln

The area under the curve

~mergy

corresponding to the

glven thrust and curvature.


The area Integration
Rule.

_.The

energy

U va.

c~n

best'be obtained by Simpson's

results are plotted as nondimenst1onal strain


non-dimensional curvature i In Pig. 2.

The

curves can be fitted in second degree and third degree


polynom1nals.

u:::
or
where

S~(r.;) qs~ + i;Cj:)J ep

u:::
- ::
:f,Cp)
-f.2 CPJ:'

-.---- ~-- (1)

-r j:2(;;)~~T J!lli"Je1i

f,(j;)ep3

-~

-O)39 8'OP +0'0960" - o 162.0


_a.
_
0-

53goP -04930p + 07/00


_a.

f~(P)-::,-o'3&50P
_:L

_
+0'3070P

-00300

f;(~

= -0-332.op

- o 139'1.1 P

= oolca8p

t 00661.4p T 025.l?O

:hCf)J

+ 02.500

--_------. '(2)

-........_-

()

------- (4)
----.-.. (5)
------.. (6)

_4-

--,_ ... --- (7 )

276.12

3.

POTENTUL ENERGY OF A BEAM


Three term si,ne curves have threeemp1ification constants_
The se'cond end the third, constants are J however, eliminated by
imposing the boundary conditions.

Therefore the deflection


os
curve can be xpressed in terms' of 'Pi ~ '\Pj and a~ "shown' Ie Fig. 3.
Doflection equation:
i
I'
I

Wcx)

ctwl.. siT\llX .,.


l-,

C.\Pi+'-Pj)L 5i'1:l1,X
.

~
"

!';"

Slope equations
01 Cwx.) . = 1'C4'o(,. CQ)l1~t +' c.,.f~ i "lPj) cos.:.?1T:1t.
cf c.~i.)
L-z::
, -c

C"4'~-1J'J-~l1ql<)

C(r.)

2..

3]0-.'

.............-(9)

1.:

Cur va ture equa ti:on.: '

,;:,. =
W

,.,z.

...J2r.~(:lC) ,_

L-f ........

~ Clio( 8m
L-'

--;;rx2.

.~

1T
~
I..

_
!!. C~ 't"V') S11'1~1J~(.

I-,,",!, . - C '

-31T"C '\f.-1P.-~l1Cfj() SiTJ3 lTX


ell...

"',

L-

- - - - - (10)

, $Ubstitutb eq. (10) in eq. (2), end perform the inte-.


gr.atlon throughout the length of thebesm" strein.enerBW:7of
8

beam.

or

-..----,

... -.... , - '.

... . - .

..----.,-~

~.

216.12,
'. .

Potential ,energy of the thrust, in the beam

'=,.

"'V

HAS

~~\

'\Pj~+::l,1Tqlot"VJ-~1Tql<'\fi

'1'(.2+

Pot&intlal energy of un1-f'orm load


Vo:> ::.

-Ca'

Io

WCX)

ur,

et)[...~C'\Pi -"6 + f6-rrq i<)

cJ:x = -

<a1T

+:' ~ IT.:lCf.t

..:.,...------CI'3)

- - - - - 04J

, Potent1al energy of external load,


VB::'~'+'VH - - - .. - - _ . '- .. - ' . - - - - - - - (1,5)

, Total Potential energy of the beam,


.-~- - ~ - - -'~ - -

4.

(16)

POTENTIAL ~EHGI OF A COLQMN

'Imposing the. boUnd$ry e,ondltlDns at column endS, the


defleotion curve caD be expressed as the follow1ng equat1on.
)

'4.

Notations ar;e shown, in Fig.

Let,

,hei~11t

Colum1,

be ~t~

UJexJ ':: ,~
e L~.t-'lG t4g/< ~C'P(,+t6'-4gI<J~',
, ' . '
~
,

, , '

. '.'

'3

'-CW~-\fj)[~)':l-t C'\P.(t~-c18I<J(~j'J .,- . . . - '';' '(17)


"

'

Slope equation, '


c..J~
, cI ex.)

= '- Yi
~
... I g.,Il'

LztT(

3 ",j -t 3 SK -

'S'

2.

cT

t :3 .,11'
:t;'Q

:3

0' )

z:~K

C'4'.{-tlJ) (~)z,.e.. ,
(0<:)2., '
_....... - -

":t:

(18)'

Curvature equation:

'1'

='~) = 1.
cI ,,:2.. .e..

[_'1;Po('
~ ~'+(31P'(
z.
Z.
2- ,

f'2."'6-3g,,)~J"
2-

.. - -- - ..

(19)

Substitute eq. (19)' in eq.,(2), and integrate through

the length of column, we get ,the bending strain energy of the


column, .

of

'P(~' -

of

M~ 13(;;)

3 'P~gf<. - 3~'S~

['PJ -

\p{ ]

'- - ~ - . -

(20)

-4-

216.12
.

/'

'The axial shortening of

-.

fr,

t~e

column,

:l

Y2 S LdCa~J dH
-e
Lath = 2 !..,
Ac :;

Ae'

=' -

b.
[ 'l.P.e z. i
IS .

- - -- - - - -

+ q ~, K2..
- ~ 1P.' gjt - ~ "I.D-~t< - \Pi'PiJ - - -' (22)
'
:z.. ~
..2,~,'
2-

'lI'J'z

The potential energy of the

Vc

(21)

:: -~[~ll'i2.t~~~/t

18"SJ<.2. -

axia~

load on the column .

1f.i'l3' -3lPiS'k -3"tJ31<]";' - ... (23)

Total potential epergyof the column is


Uc + Vc

5.

.. .. .. - .. -.... -.'" .. .. - - - .. .. (2.4)

TOTAL P-9TENTIAL ENERGY OF A' FRAME


Total potential energy of a trame is the Bum of the potential energy of beams and columna: otwhich the frame 'ia
composed.
Therefor~

total potential energy of the system is, ,

. r'

- .. .. - .. -f25)
6.

EQl1ILIBRIUM CONFIGURATIONS

The first derivative of total: potent,lal energy of the


,

structure with respect to each deformatiot!


,vanis~

identically, if

thestructu~e

pa~ameterr',should '

is in the state of

equ~librium lindeI" the gl'ven loading condition.

The' eqUilibrium

conditione ... IS .
doLL Uf.V)',
c'\P) 9) 01)

- - '... - - - .. ... .. :. .. _., (26)

Equation (26) is a set of

simul~aneous

equations with

joint rotation "fi s, horizontal deflection g. s and beam


r.y

deflection

~arameter~~'s

as,

th~ ~ariables.

Solution of 'the

equation is an equilibrium configuration of the frame under


t

the given loading condition.

It~ -,.,.,.

....... ~ _~ -......

- -... -

--,--~ - - - . - : - :

-5-

276.12
STABILITY CONDITIONS

The second derivative of total potential energy of the


structure with respect to 'deformation parameters should be
positive tor any mode ot detormation, if the structure is
steble.
Therefore the structure is stable, if
2'l..E (u+v) ~
C) c-.e gJ cl)<

........ -

(27)

When

.~- - (28)
thi structure, under the given loading condition. is
unstable.
To determine the magnitUde of the load at which stable
.

..

equilibrium changes to unstable equilibrium.


condition

The stability

c~n
;>

be est~blished by
8' E.. (U t,V)

CJ

C'P~ ~, Cl J 2.

~ 0

- - - -

(29)

A set ot equation. (29) represent 'the condltlons of


limiting stabllltY.oorreaponding to each instability mode.
A minimum load obtained from, equation (29) should be the
critical load of the structure which is expected to fail in
that particular instability mode.
Therefore instability mode is a failure meohanism taking
into aocount the etfects of thrust and deformation ot the
struoture.
'-,

I~

":\"
-., .
,'.'

-:' ..

_....

...

..-~~-

-.

~"'.'

...6-

276.12
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE THEORY

'The theory is particularly desIgned to solve'trame


Ins~abI1ity

problem In elastic and inelastIc

rang~.

Ho~ever,

1t oan equally be applied to analyze other structures-.'


T

" .

'

Partlcally
no assumption, except the effect of strain reversa11
,.
has been introduced 1n the'derivation of beam and oolumn

potential energy.

Therefore

genera~1ty

of the method'can be

summar1zed as tollows ..
a)

There Is no limitation On the geometry of' the structure. '

b)

There is ,no limitation on slenderness ratio of columns

and ,st1ffneEJs of beams.

c)

The range 'of axial loao on columilscould be Qny odd


DUmber, from

d),

They could be any odd number.

't ~'o

to '.' ~~.

1.0

'The 'method ls applicable to unsyMmetrical' structure


and,lo~ding

condition.

sturoture under

For the solution of the

oomb1ne~

horizontal and vertical

loads, ,the extra labor introduced 1s practically


neglig1ble. ';,
e) " ~or' :high stren$th steel or a:).umlnum alloy, only the
~nergycoer~lclents

J',CP) ,; 5~tj)) . . 13 CP) '-'- -

need

~be changed.

f)

The'method is

eq~ally

good tor, any end conditlon-.-

pin-ended, partIal fixed or

flx-en~ed.

No extra

. labor' or manlpulat10n is required.


g)
I,

.---

ca~aclty

A limitation or the method by the


, can be shown as follows

I
1

l~~.,\ . ,.. ".

---'--"".

-',

-.-' ..

-.

of computer

-7-

276~12

Let

:::,number of story

b = number

='

ot bay

Total'maximum unknown variables ot the


frame ots-story and b-bay.

"
then'

n ~ (2.+1) (~+l) -~~ - ~'- - - . ' . ~ ~ (29}

Therefore the computer should be able to evaluate

nxn

equ8tlons~

square mstr1?t for solution of n sImultaneous

8.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
,

ThQo~etioal

,
W~l
"

prediction of test frame

can best be

,;

' "

served as an illustrative example ,as well as verificatIon of


the theory.
~,

. -i

The following'data are taken from Frltz . Lab. RepQrt

~y

:::

No.

40.5

, , ~y, ::: 1.02Jxl?..3


d :::

2.625"

, 'P y :::

4426k

7'3'1,800 kat

, The axial thrust on -the beam is H


axial load on a column.

C:~,

Innon-d1'mens1one.l'

where R 1s the

'rorm

1!.
ii ~ 1j
Ii ::: Py ..
.'

Total energy'oi the frame 1s l1stedin Fig. 5.

For

equ111br,1um configuration, ,the S8cond."degree u. - i ourves


'.~
~,

are used, tor solution ot "fi S, S,' and a,) as shown in Fig. 6.

The solution of Jba simultaneous equations for

R = 0.25

1s shown in Fig. 7.
Substltute~o7

0.011990

~,c

0.0.37448

'!pl.= O.O~:1988

'LP;= -0.03744l9
9,
C1,

=0
= 0.003.389

in slqeSway bucklIng

~ondlt1on

= ~:J.37'

/0

- - - '(30)

stable!

= 0.27, repeat the same calculat10n

For R

in Fig. 8

a~d

, !

Substl'tute the resultsln the bucl!ling 'cond-itloD


02.~,~~"pv )

-II cro

'::::::-'0

..... - (j1)

UnstAble I

5', z..

From eq. <.30) an:l eq., (31), the buckling load of the frame,
1s
~

or

= 0.25+0.0134

R ':: r~

= ,0.2634

R';: 44. 26x? 2634 '= 11'.65 kips' ,

Compared

with ~,t- =

Percent' error

11.17 kips: from test results,


(11.65'''' 11.'17)' x 100

11.65

;:: 4% '

-M
My
1.0

___._------ .f....
P =0.
y

-----.----- f.... =0.2


. Py

.--__- - - - - ~ = 0.4
y

0.5

~__-------~
=0.6
y
-------- ~
=0.8
y
1.0
.2.0
MOMENT- CURVATURE RELATIONS

.E.. =0

. Py

2.0
P

R=
0.2
y

PPy

1.0

=0.4

P
p-=0.6
y

P
Py
1.0

=0.8

2.0 .

STRAIN-. ENERGY CURVATURE RELATIONS


.

w(x)

BEAM

Deflection. Curve
w( x)
Bending Strain Energy
Us
Potential Energy of Uniform Load Vw
Potentia I Energy of Thrust
- VH

, F I'iJj_ -?
'.

,-j

-~')

~--

- - - + - - - - - ~ --~

~c--:

x
w

COLUMN
Deflection Curve
Bending Strain Energy

. w(x)
Uc

Potential' Energy of Thrust Vc

;;jCj\4 ;!
r--,
d-!
'"i,)

TOTAL

ENERCTY

POTENTIAL

OF

SINCTLE- SToRY

FRAME; ~(lJtV)

CD lu",""

lie

loa M'j I. (R)

(D -I)

C:P&'h L
'I

J 5"P,3 _ 5"'1': - 3lf'oZ&p, + 31ft ~L- ''illP,Zy + l'iPP:f .,. ''illP, f"--' B~l}
.

fr Lfrn'1 f./, CR){ 'PoL t ~ + "Po "P, - 3~S' - 3V,.9 1" 3r J + M:J,t3 CRJ rIP, -"'+'o }
<f'1' .,

a.~:~C:J { 5'1fJ!- 5"'t'l- 3 'Pt"'P.a. +3 ~3"'P;-- IS o/;.r .,. l'iP!'? + li1i5'~ 19'"4)q.2.J
L4 ('J1d

t~CR.) J "f3:l. t

4>~h

Vc

_ RP;jh
30

(0 -I)

_ R P.lh

Vc
(3 -2.)

"Pi"l.. + 'If'31f'a. - 3

{.2.
<"'Po +-

'f,.2.

~S' -

3 '\f'.zS' t- 3.f2.}

+ M:J.f 3 (R)

- 31f,5' - ~o"'V,

of- 18j' Z.- 3"'PoS'

.(

V,:l-1p3 ~

:1

.('4'4~ + .('P: + ,gg'l. - 3,*,} - "3 "\V3~ - 'Y'.z "V3 ~

30

B ec.rm

Va

i, ( He<) a,o
-'-

C '-3)

2.

Va

(1- 3)

96

~ Rt:L {
Z.7 1)"

{ 'Hz.,.

w~

0>'-

I
(

2-

r .:;!"fI3 T1Q,

--;H

L-

-4R

"'f~

FJ~.

2.2.5 lp,2.1P3

4~

'\f"3

2.

411 ct,

"If'; - 40'3& 11 3e:c? ~

22.51f1"413 -2.3 0 "'llTCf,'f'3

1f, - "P3 1- l&nct. }

o~

2,

"14"'~ of-

1't:

z.z.

~30Lf1Tq,1f',

1035

WL.

"'P,

"1',3 +

WL.

'2.00TT~Cf,

R~lL

{-1035

:....~ l11f,C4,.

j,

."-'!:~t- ....-

S My l'li~)

"Po

-!

15

f 'cR.)
f:1 ~ ~

+ 30
E ~~h

'r.

LtM'j

F~AME

-12.""'~

<p h

-'2.~

-IE. ~'1:f' CH- )


'is CP~L. .~ k

~:f '"

2-

2.~'jJ:' CHk)
~Cf:lL ~

or

'lr',z.

'BM'j

cfl:1 h

-~

,.5

2-

71'~., f' CHkJ

CJ1j l-

fi

RP~ h

.,. ~ "''J f~' (R.)

%h

'f',3

1:' (Ro)

4f'1l~ J;CR)
CP~h_

-t M~ i;CRJ

~h.t

'0

'5

ao

CP~L-

or

! ..~ L1T

lift

CPtt h

e~L.

- M~

f; CR)

.,.. M~

f; (11K)

+!.

R):>JL.

2.7

IT'L

1_

-""'~rh(RJ

- IZom., f;CRJ

+ :U.17 """ t; ( HJ.CJ


-

(Hk>

'0

~j)~h

-3'
,- 1J3",'J
i~

R p~h

CR) -!. R~ tr

.t

- ,2."'::\ f:' CRJ


"eJ)tJ ~

+ ao
~ P~h
~ 81'1., f'

f'cii:>

R P:Jh

~ P~L
l.fl!l

-IE

+ ~ P~h
10

+9~t'(R)-~ Rt'J'
'P~h 01: . 15
-t

.f:'(R)

P~h
+ ~
30

constQl1r

CA.,

f,2CR)

CP~h

=0

"f>3

'.a.

,-

+-

RP~h

t Lj,.,,'1

SINGrLE - STORY

"P,

\fa

~Cp~tr ~

OF

CONDITION

EQUILIBRIUM

~ P~L

~ P~h

+ 3' ~'j j;'CHI()


cp L. .f
'iJ

.)

_ R P~L1T
4'i1

m~i~cji)

~ Pl~ +3 CHk,)

_!:
2.7

~L
7T~

"Iff

..

.-IZ~'Jf;CR)
ep~h

/0

-I~~

'llJ h
t R

"~I,

'CRJ

10 ~~ h

- 12.~ 1~'C R)

10

+- ~ 1T!'" ~ T' CHI",)

+ E

JifS

+ ~10 />jh
.

If P,Y I'

tl eR )

P~LTI
..

CP,:,h

et',) h

-36 11 r"I'jf;CHIc.)
~~L.

..,. I~~

<PjL

Z.

~ _*~~L~
FIg" 6

4~"'~
~~17

f{C R)

~ ~P~h

It

+- 10 ~'jj;CHuJ
q:>~L.

.... B.
P~L1J
,'Z.

l..

t- ~ RP~L
2.7 1t

SOLUTION OF QUILI BRIUM CONFI6"URATION


STE P.5

GIl

'\PO

'\jJ2.
<:)

(I)

'06005

(4)

'26'rJ

-2.OS'B

-2.,058

('1)

- 2.-0571

C5}

-/5-546

-2.-05'D

(b)

15-54'-

-205'i1

(7)

C3)

(Ir.- 10' 80 0 5

'3

13~O

-7/'if

0
0

7 -2.6 fS

-z05S
0

-,2.-oSf!
/- 3'10

10 '5371

JO8371

- 2o-oS'b'"

-2.-05'8

-0-964

-0-9bLj

071'(5

-/ '38"0
4'010

-2.- 58
0

0-7/8

-2-05'if
-Z05~

J '3'10

(II)

-20-058"

o-71l7:!

(1.) -( 7)( '5- 5Ji6)

LIZ

-2-oSf!

Cl

0-71'i1

-2-05'ir

15546)

0'0366

~- /Lf3"4

(to)

~)-f (7)(

15546

-2058

C3J -

)(0)

-155~{,

-o'/'-t3~4

('if)

(J

2-

~eIO

0--1} 'is

0'0'082-

-0- 0 101 2-

-0-0/0"'20

-o-orOsz.

0-006'6

-/3-3L193

-'3-349"3

-o-o06.'

17 - 72.93

17- 7Z.93

Cl-0033'i(''

,-0033'ir9
-0-Cf6LJ

OOI08'Z.
-0- 0109'2
o-oS93li5

8'577

2672.3

-0- 05'3345

Cl-o,oB'2.

-0- %

'd' 2

2..249345

2-13065

2-/3062-

-0-13'2.64

-0-132.61.{

-0,Z'iS'31'

- 0-2.'il'31'

0-/35260

-0- 59'2.74

0-0 I o 'if 2..

-0-2062//4

0/0

- O-Zls'37'8'

- 0- 2.&'3 7i" S-

/-'37l.'t

, - 97G42.

-0-059345

t- ffS76

"9'5765

-0 '769 54

o-OP42fti'

-0-346/7

-0- 346175

-0- 3/3/~

-0-Q02oL/94

-0 48'550

-0-4155IS

z - 02.3 ZJi

(IS

-0'S'i!274

0'7572.6

-0-sg2.74

0-/352G

t 03) Cz05'iIJ

('6)

0-13526

-0-5'ifZ74

z 0'if~5"

0-

(Zo S"fl'J

(171

"

-0- 5ft2..7Lj

0-'352oG

0-2.7Lf9~

Z-0'if95b

2.749G

-0

~z.

0-059345

-076954

o-/7'i!62

(IC)

0- 3o'i!ls'Z.

-0' 47fS65

0-' a Sz&)

(:lo)

-O'47'if65

2.- 06540

0-37905

o -0 57J.#/z4

2'02.32.1

Cl7)+M}(o 5"(2.711)

(m

-0'31318

0-37905

I6411Z.

-0-05/0'9

I- G55~7

(Ib) - (I i')l

(/9) -;-

o 3cf(i'2.

C~~J

C:lO) t-Ul:l.}{o47f16S) (:l~

CZ-I)1' 2.t)
~)

(o'3131~) (VI

-;-( ,,3 2 353)

-0/0635

- 0-/0635

1'32.352.

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