Digitization

1.Objective
2.Digitization
3.DigitizationSpatialFeatures
3.1DigitizingContours
3.2DigitizingDrainage
3.3DigitizingLanduse

1.Objective
BasicUnderstandingofDigitization.

2.Digitization
Itisamethodofconvertinginformationfromoneformattoanotherusingatracing.Traditionally,digitizing
meansthecreationofaspatialdatasetfromahardcopysourcesuchasapapermaporaplan.Onscreen
digitizingisthecreationofaspatialdatasetbytracingoverfeaturesdisplayedonacomputermonitorwiththe
helpofamouse.Inbothcases,thenewlycreateddatasetpicksupthespatialreferenceofthesourcedocument.
TypesofDigitizing:
ManualDigitizing:Itisdoneusingdigitizingtablet.Theoperatormanuallytracesallthelinesfromhis
hardcopymapandcreatesidenticaldigitalmaponthecomputer.Itisverytimeconsumingandlevelof
accuracyisalsonotverygood.
HeadsupDigitizing:Itissimilartomanualdigitizinginthewaythatlineshavetobedrawnmanuallybut
directlyonthecomputerscreen.Sointhislevelofaccuracyincreasesandtimetakendecreases.
Interactivetracingmethod:ItisimprovementoverHeadsupdigitizingintermsofspeedandaccuracy.
AutomaticDigitizing:Itisanautomatedrastertovectorconversionusingimageprocessingandpattern
recognition techniques. In this technique computer traces all the lines, which results in high speed and
accuracyalongwithimprovedqualityofimages.

3.DigitizationSpatialFeatures

3.1DigitizingContours
1. ClickontheArcCatalogButtontolaunchArcCatalog.
2. IntheArcCatalogtree,browsetothefolderofthetutorialdataset.
3. Rightclick on the folder of the tutorial dataset folder and select New Shapefile, to open the
CreateNewShapefileDialogBox.

4. NamethenewShapefileContourandfilltheFeatureTypeasPolyline.

5. ClickontheEditbutton,undertheSpatialReferenceDescriptiontoopentheSpatialReference
PropertiesDialog.

6. Youwillusethespatialreferencefromthegeoreferencedmapworkedoutintheabovesection.
7. Click on the Import Button to browse to the folder of the tutorial dataset and select the raster
dataset 72d16_pro.img, Click Add and Click OK to accept the imported Spatial Reference
Properties.

8. ThenClickOK.ItwillcreateContourShapefile.

9. OpenblankmapinArcMapandaddtheContourshapefileand72d16_pro.img.
10. In the table of contents right click on the contour Shapefile and select Open Attribute
Tableoption.PresentlyAttributetablehaveonlythreefields.

11. ClickontheOptionbuttonatthebottomofthetableandselectAddField option from the drop

downlistofcommands.

12.ClickinthefirsttextboxthatasksforthenameoffieldandtypeElevation.
13. Click in the Data Type cell to activate the dropdown menu. Select Short Integer as the Data
Type.ClickOK.

14.

Now Open Blank ArcMap. Add projected raster dataset 72d16_pro.img and newly
created Contour Shapefile. Save the Arc map document. Go to File menu and select

theSaveoption.Saveitinyourworkingdirectory.
15. Click on the Editor Toolbar Button

to open the Editor Toolbar. Dock the toolbar at an

appropriateplace.

16.ClickontheEditorButtonandselectStartEditingtobeginaneditingsession.

17. UsetheZoom&PanToolstofocusonthecontourlinesofthescannedmapimageinthemap
document.
18.ClickontheSketchToolontheEditorToolbartoenableit.Placethefirstvertexofpolylineby
clicking on the starting point of the contour line. Follow the contour line and place subsequently
vertices.Doubleclicktofinishtheprocess.
19.ClickontheAttributesButtonontheEditorToolbartoopentheAttributesWindow.Placethe
cursorintheValuecelloftheElevationfield.Write the elevation value of the contour in the cell
(Readtheelevationvaluefromthetopographicmap).
20. Repeat Steps 1718 for the remaining of the contours in the topographic map, until you have
digitizedallcontoursandeditedtheElevationfieldforallofthecontours.
21.

When you have finished digitizing all contours in the topographic map,
clickEditorSaveEditsontheEditorToolbar.

3.2DigitizingDrainage
1.ClickontheArcCatalogButtontolaunchArcCatalog.
2.IntheArcCatalogtree,browsetothefolderofthetutorialdataset.
3.RightclickonthefolderofthetutorialdatasetfolderandselectNewShapefile,toopentheCreate
NewShapefileDialogBox.

4. NamethenewShapefileDrainageandfilltheFeatureTypeasPolyline.


5.ClickontheEditbutton,undertheSpatialReferenceDescriptiontoopentheSpatialReference
PropertiesDialog.

6.Youwillusethespatialreferencefromthegeoreferencedmapworkedoutintheabovesection.
7. Click on the Import Button to browse to the folder of the tutorial dataset and select the raster
dataset 72d16_pro.img, Click Add and Click OK to accept the imported Spatial Reference
Properties.


8.ThenClickOK.ItwillcreateDrainageShapefile.

9.OpenblankmapinArcMapandaddtheDrainageshapefileand72d16_pro.img.
10. In the table of contents right click on the Drainage Shapefile and select Open Attribute
Tableoption.PresentlyAttributetablehaveonlythreefields.

11. ClickontheOptionbuttonatthebottomofthetableandselectAddField option from the drop

downlistofcommands.

12.ClickinthefirsttextboxthatasksforthenameoffieldandtypeStreamType.
13. Click in the Data Type cell to activate the dropdown menu. Select Text as the Data Type and
givesLengthequalto15.ClickOK.

14. Now Open Blank ArcMap. Add projected raster dataset 72d16_pro.img and newly created
DrainageShapefile.SavetheArcmapdocument.GotoFilemenuandselecttheSaveoption.Save
itinyourworkingdirectory.
15. Click on the Editor Toolbar Button

to open the Editor Toolbar. Dock the toolbar at an

appropriateplace.

16.ClickontheEditorButtonandselectStartEditingtobeginaneditingsession.

17.UsetheZoom&PanToolstofocusontheDrainagelinesofthescannedmapimageinthemap
document.
18.ClickontheSketchToolontheEditorToolbartoenableit.Placethefirstvertexofpolylineby
clickingonthestartingpointoftheDrainageline.FollowtheDrainagelineandplacesubsequently
vertices.Doubleclicktofinishtheprocess.
19.ClickontheAttributesButtonontheEditorToolbartoopentheAttributesWindow.Placethe
cursorintheValuecelloftheStreamTypefield.WritetheStreamTypeoftheDrainageinthecell
accordingtheorder(MainTributary,SecondaryTributary,TertiaryTributaryandetc).
20. Repeat Steps 1718 for the remaining of the drainages in the topographic map, until you have
digitizedallDrainageandeditedtheStreamTypefieldforalloftheDrainage.
21.

When you have finished digitizing all Drainage in the topographic map,
clickEditorSaveEditsandStopEditingontheEditorToolbar.

3.3DigitizingLanduse
1.ClickontheArcCatalogButtontolaunchArcCatalog.
2.IntheArcCatalogtree,browsetothefolderofthetutorialdataset.
3.RightclickonthefolderofthetutorialdatasetfolderandselectNewShapefile,toopentheCreate
NewShapefileDialogBox.


1.NamethenewShapefileLanduseandfilltheFeatureTypeasPolygon.

2. ClickontheEditbutton,undertheSpatialReferenceDescriptiontoopentheSpatialReference
PropertiesDialog.

3.Youwillusethespatialreferencefromthegeoreferencedmapworkedoutintheabovesection.
4. Click on the Import Button to browse to the folder of the tutorial dataset and select the raster
dataset72d16_pro.img,ClickAddandClickOKtoaccepttheimportedSpatialReferenceProperties.

5.ThenClickOK.ItwillcreateLanduseShapefile.


6.OpenblankmapinArcMapandaddtheLanduseshapefileand72d16_pro.img.
7. In the table of contents right click on the Landuse Shapefile and select Open Attribute
Tableoption.PresentlyAttributetablehaveonlythreefields.

8.ClickontheOptionbuttonatthebottomofthetableandselectAddFieldoptionfromthedropdown
listofcommands.

9.ClickinthefirsttextboxthatasksforthenameoffieldandtypeLanduseType.
10. Click in the Data Type cell to activate the dropdown menu. Select Text as the Data Type and
givesLengthequalto15.ClickOK.

11.

Now Open Blank ArcMap. Add projected raster dataset 72d16_pro.img and newly

createdLanduseShapefile.SavetheArcmapdocument.GotoFilemenuandselecttheSave option.
Saveitinyourworkingdirectory.
12. Click on the Editor Toolbar Button
appropriateplace.

to open the Editor Toolbar. Dock the toolbar at an

13.ClickontheEditorButtonandselectStartEditingtobeginaneditingsession.

14.UsetheZoom&PanToolstofocusontheLanduseofthescannedmapimageinthemapdocument.
15. ClickontheSketch Tool onthe Editor Toolbar to enable it. Place the first vertex of polygon by
clicking on the starting point of the Landuse. Follow the Landuse and place subsequently vertices.
Doubleclicktofinishtheprocess.
16. Clickonthe Attributes Button on the Editor Toolbar to open the Attributes Window. Place the
cursorintheValuecelloftheLanduseTypefield.WritetheLanduseTypeoftheLanduse in the cell
accordingtheorderAgriculture,WaterBody,andForestforthepresentcase).
17.RepeatSteps1718fortheremainingofthelandusesinthetopographicmap,untilyouhavedigitized
allLanduseandeditedtheLanduseTypefieldforalloftheLanduse.
18.

When you have finished digitizing

clickEditorSaveEditsontheEditorToolbar.

all

Landuse

in

the

topographic

map,