Argumentative essay

General statement
Agree
Disagree
Refutal

General beginners
1) On the whole , people tend to feel that
2) A majority of people / nations experience ....
3) Nowadays.all people /In this daymany people/ These daysmost./Some people
4) From the evidence of developing country all the world
5) Fortunately/ unfortunately many countries..
6) There is always some controversy over whether
7) The issue of whether
8) It is often believed/ said
9) It is universally accepted that/ It is generally accepted that..
10) It is well known fact that..
11) Basically speaking; in the modern day;
12) There are various conflicting views about
13) Generally,, generally speaking
14) In general, .., By and large
15) It seems to me that , I believe
16) All in all,., basically ,
17) Essentially ,. , As a rule,
18) Typically , tends, may/ might / sometimes / usually.
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Agreement

I would argue that

I firmly believed that..
It seems to me that
I tend to think..
As far as I can tell
I am convinced that
I would always support that..
I think it is reasonable to say that

Disagreement
Others believe that
Some people think that
Some people Opine/support/promote
It is understood by some.
Some people accept the
I t has been argued that

Refutal

Even if it is believed..
I am unconvinced..
It is hard / difficult to accept..
There is little evidence to support
However, my argument is
Regardless of the views.

Advantages and disadvantages

General statement
Advantages
Disadvantages
Your views (opinion)
General statements can include
1) It is not unusual / uncommon for/impossible
Meaning It is quite usual for, common for , possible for
2) It is not inconceivable that
3) There is a slight possibility
Parellel expressions.

Advantages

Disadvantages

An obvious benefit

A drawback

An argument in favour of

An argument against

A positive aspect

A frequent / common criticism

An objection

A good point

A negative effect
An ill-effect

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While I appreciate the,/I think we

I am convinced that
It is not correct that
I think..
It may be true thatbut,

To list advantages
1) One/ another/ afurther / an additional ( major)advantages of is
2) The main / greatest/ first advantages of is.

To list disadvantages
1) One/ another / a further / an additional ( major) disadvantages / drawback of.
2) The main / greatest / most serious / first disadvantage/ drawback of.
3) Another negative aspect of

Useful expressions
I am never/ always surprised toHighly disappointed

Rarely / deeply shocked. Frequently / surprised

Try adding an adverbs to your phrases phrases with adjectives and nouns.
Adverbs

Adjectives

Nouns

Totally

Unhelpful/helpful

Idea

Absolutely

Old fashioned /current

View

Quite

Unrealistic / realistic

Suggestion

Rather

Negative / positive

comment

Fairly

One sided/ impartial

point

Unpopular /popular

argument

Pessimistic/ optimistic ( neutral)

Discuss and give opinion

General statement
Compare (positives)
Contrast ( negatives)
Your opinion

Comparisions
1) Children are similar to animals in their need to be cared for and loved.
2) The pattern followed is similar
3) It is safe to say that /// reflects the way I .
4) In the same way OR likewise .; similarly; identically .
5) The issues/ideas/statement are comparable/ incomparable
6) To reflect; to mirror; in the same way; to have in common.
7) Similar to, As..as, in common, also,
8) Either .or , In the same way ,
9) At the same time.
10) Just as , resemble

Contrast
1) On one hand.,on the otherhand
2) While this is.,It is also
3) Contradictorily; by contrast;whereas; however..; regardless of the views;
eventhough;despite;on the contrary; inspite of ,, not only but also,
nevertheless ; nonetheless; alternatively; different from.
4) Differ from

5) Although, Though , otherwise, instead ,but.

Opinion
1) My opinion is that , In my opinion
2) The way I see it is that
3) In my view
4) As far as my belief goes,.
5) Here I`m (not) referring to
6) I would always support that
7) The way I see it, is different form
8) I can never accept .
9) As far as I can see
10) The fact thatdoes not mean
11) Many people would disagree with the assertion/ idea that
12) What this means is
13) In other words,
14) That is to say
15) To be more precise
16) In fact,I suppose

Explanatory
General statement
How ?
Why?
Conclusion

Useful language
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It is certainly true that

It is observed that
In this content, it is appropriate to say that
There is every reason to believe that
It is inevitable that
Just because .it does not necessarily follow that

Relevant examples;
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This is obvious from

This is evident in .
We can see this is
This can be seen from the fact that .
This is apparent is.
It must be taken into account that
That is to say
Evidence supports
Expressionsfor examples ;
for instance ; indeed; infact; of course ;if this is the
case ; naturally; let me illustrate.
10) A good illustration of this is
11) If we take an example
12) Evidence for this is provided by

13) We can see this when,such as , in other words,as, like, that is, namely,as a rule ,for
instance

Conclusion
1) To sum up
2) Overall
3) In the final analysis.
4) In conclusion
5) Ultimately
6) Having looked atit can safely be said.
7) In recapitulation
8) Considering all the argument presented.
9) All in all , it can be safely concluded..
10) To finally analysis the situation.
11) Finally, it can be summed up as
12) So, in conclusion, I think that
13) Having discussed. We should consider.
14) Given .. the problems/ factors, we can firm to the question of..
15) Having examined the case for
16) To summarise
17) On balance,
18) This complex issue with no clear answers
19) If we look at both sides of the arguments.

Cause and effects

General statement
Causes
Effects
Measures

Causes;
1) The explosion in crime can be explained by.
2) Poverty is a common cause of crime
3) Poverty contributes to crime
4) Atmosphere pollution is caused by.
5) The major cause for crime is .
6) The making of newspapers leads to .
7) Tourism cause the destruction of
8) Probably these are mainly due to
9) .leads to.
10) ..makes..Do something.
11) ..causes a considerable.
12) This is surely a cause of concern.
13) .simply makes the situation worse.
14) which is often due to
15) Further can cause increased..
16) To make matters worse
17) It is a cause for concern that .
18) cause many problems.
19) Due to.., because

20) Because of , owing to

21) One of the causes of this is
22) This has resulted in
23) As a esult,
24) This has led to

Effects;
1) Tourism results in ..
2) The effects of ..are.
3) Many of the effects of ..are..
4) ..is partly because of ..
5) Thanks to , ..is
6) ..is more or less responsible for..
7) The reason why ..is , is .
8) Traffic noise results in .
9) Have an effect
10) can be effective.
11) Traffics noise results from
12) Another worrying trend is .
13) Therefore,
14) As a result,
15) Consequently,
16) For this reason,
17) Thus,
18) So,
19) Thereby,
20) Eventually,
21) Hence,
22) The reason why,

Solutions;
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The main solutions.

What people should do about this is .
One thing that would improve the situation is .
The government should take measures.
The trend could be reserved of.
..is needed to combat these problems.
.in terms of other solutions. We need to..

Sequencing / listing
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To begin with..
In the first place,.
First,.. second,.third,..,thirdly
First,.Next,..Then,.After that,.. Finally,
Firstly,First of all, To begin/ start with,

Reinforcing use to add to and thus strengthen what you are saying.
1) Also,.
2) In addition,.
3) Furthermore,..

4) Moreover,

Expressing certainty
1) Certainly, undoubtedly, doubtless , definitely, of course,

Expressing partial agreement

1) More or less , to some extend , up to a point almost , in a way , so to speak,