UNIVERSITY KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

AIRFRAME & POWERPLANT

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
INSTRUCTOR

: SIR MOHAMAD JAMALULAIL BIN HAMZAH

NAME

: MUHAMMAD AKMAL BIN MUZAMIL

CLASS

: 4 AVT

STUDENT ID

: 53135313090

DATE SUBMITTED

: 14/3/2015

What is reactance voltage and how to resolve

the problem associated with reactance voltage?
Reactance voltage occur when the current
collapses at the plane or point of commutation
(the brush shorting the coil) which produces a
changing field and cuts the coil to induce back
e.m.f.

SEGMENT
NO 1

As the armature rotate to the next commutator

segment at no. 1, the current produced on the
coil is opposed by the reactance voltage and
cause some of the current to flow to segment 2
and jump to the brush.
This action is called reactive sparking and
occurs at each point of commutation for every
coil.
Reactive sparking will cause brush wear,
commutator wear and interference to radio
system. One method to overcome this problems
is to use Interpoles.

REACTIVE
SPARKING

Interpoles
Interpoles is a small poles located between the
main poles.The windings are connected in series
with the armature. It has the same polarity as the
next main pole ahead in the direction of rotation. It
also placed at the point of commutation and carry
the same current as the armature winding.
Magnetic fields will attempt to induce an e.m.f that
is opposite the magnetic fields which produce the
reactance voltage. Both fluxes cancel each other,
thus no reactance voltage and reactive sparking.

2.What is armature reaction and how to resolve the

problem associated with armature reaction?
In a DC machine, the main field is produced by field
coils. In both the generating and motoring modes,
the armature carries current and a magnetic field is
established, which is called the armature flux. The
effect of armature flux on the main field is called
the armature reaction. The distortion of the main
field caused by the interaction between the main
field and the armature field produced when current
flow in the armature windings. Will cause the
shifting of the brush position from Geometric
Neutral Axis to Magnetic Neutral Axis .

The shifting depend on the load, the higher the load

the more will be the angle of lead.To prevent
arcing, the brush position would have to be
continually adjusted.
The electrical energy efficiency of a motor can be
improved by reducing the electrical losses in the
coil ( by using materials with higher electrical
conductivities). Armature wiring is made
from copper or aluminum. Copper armature wiring
enhances electrical efficiencies due to its
higher electrical conductivity . Aluminum armature
wiring is lighter and less expensive than copper.

METHOD TO OVERCOME
ARMATURE REACTION
COMPENSATING WINDING
An auxiliary winding embedded in the slots in the
main pole faces. It is connected in series with the
armature winding and its current varies directly
with load current.
Current is made to flow in the opposite direction of
the armature winding and the two magnetic fields
produced will neutralize each other thus preventing
armature reaction.

Interpoles with Auxiliary or Bias Windings

To obtain a correct interpole strength over all
load and speed ranges. Auxiliary windings is
wound on the interpole and connected in series
with the main field.

At high speed and heavy load, the bias winding

gave little opposition to the strong interpole
magnetic field which is needed to suppress
reactance e.m.f.
At low speed and heavy load, the bias windings
will oppose the interpole windings in reducing
its strength and increase the efficiency of the
generator.