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Mirrors&Lenses
Mirrors&Lenses
23.1FlatMirrors(alsocalledplanemirrors)
Anobjectviewedusingaflatmirrorappears
tobelocatedbehindthemirror,becauseto
theobserverthedivergingraysfromthe
sourceappeartocomefrombehindthe
mirror.
Theimagesreflectedinflatmirrorshavethefollowingproperties:
Theimagedistanceqbehindthemirror
equalstheobjectdistancepfromthemirror
Theimageheighthequalstheobjectheight
hsothatthelateralmagnification
Theimagehasanapparentleftrightreversal
Theimageisvirtual,notreal!
VirtualImage nolightraysactuallycomedirectlyfromavirtualimage,theyjustappeartotheeyeto
doso.(Whenyouseeyourselfinthemirror,areyouactuallylocatedbehinditasyouappear?)
Tofigureoutwhathappens:drawrays,uselawofreflection,usegeometry
Example:Icanseemyself howhighmustthemirrorbeforthemantoseeallofhimself?
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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23.2ImagesFormedbySphericalMirrors
SphericalMirror:
PrincipleAxis:OCIV
CenterofCurvatureC
RadiusofCurvatureR
Lightraysconvergetoarealimageatimage
pointI
Whereistheimageformed?Whatisitsheight? Drawtworays:onehittingVandtheotherpassing
throughC:
.Wegivethislocationa
specialname&designation:thefocalpoint
.Withthisdesignationwecanrewrite
theconcavesphericalmirrorequationas:
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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Note,however,thattrulysphericalmirrorsdo
notbringallraystofocusatthesame
location!
SphericalAberration thisistheproblem
theHubbleSpaceTelescopehadwhenfirst
launched.
23.3ConvexMirrors(divergingmirrors)andSignConventions
IstheentryforImagelocationqcorrect?
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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Example:Problem#6
AsphericalChristmastreeornamentis6.00cmindiameter.Whatisthemagnificationofanobject
placed10.0cmawayfromtheornament?
Example:Problem#11
A2.00cmhighobjectisplaced3.00cminfrontofaconcavemirror.Iftheimageis5.00cmhighand
virtual,whatisthefocallengthofthemirror?
Example:Problem#16
Aconvexsphericalmirrorwitharadiusofcurvatureof10.0cmproducesavirtualimageonethirdthe
sizeoftherealobject.Whereistheobject?
23.5AtmosphericRefraction(read)
23.6ThinLenses
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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Note:aconvexconcavelensesissometimes
referredtoasameniscus.Itistheshapeused
formosteyeglasses.
Usingthesamesignconventionforthinlenses:
Sameasformirrors!
(Thisisthethinlensequation)
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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IfyouareonacomputerwithJavainstalledgohereandplaywiththemirrors&lenses.Ifitdoesntfire
upafterafewseconds,godownto8andhitthestartbutton.Theselittleappletswillgiveyouafeel
forwhathappens.Alsotrythisconverginglensanddiverginglensapplets.Simpler&prettier(butno
mirrors).
Example:Problem#32
Aconvexlensoffocallength15.0cmisusedasamagnifyingglass.Atwhatdistancefromapostage
stampshouldyouholdthislenstogetamagnificationof+2.00?
Example:Problem#36
Anobjectsdistancefromaconverginglensistentimesthefocallength.Howfaristheimagefromthe
focalpoint?Expresstheanswerasafractionofthefocallength.
MultipleLenses
Thisismorecomplicated,butstraightforwardifyoufollowtheserules:
1. Dothefirstlensasiftheotherswerentthere.
2. Usetheimageformedbythislensastheobjectofthenextlens
3. Repeatthisprocessforallthelensesinthesystem
4. Thetotalmagnificationisjusttheproductoftheindividualmagnificationsofeachlens.
SeeExample23.9ofthebook
Example:Problem#41
Twoconverginglenses,eachoffocallength15.0cm,areplaced40.0cmapart,andanobjectisplaced
30.0cminfrontofthefirst.Whereisthefinalimageformed,andwhatisthemagnificationofthe
system?
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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Microscope:ObjectveryclosetoF0makesarealinvertedlargerimage.Thisimageisthenviewed&
magnifiedfurtherusingtheeyepiece.
Telescope:Objectnearinfinityformsarealinvertedsmallerimagenearthefocalpoint.Eyepieceisused
tomagnifythisimage.
Theangularmagnification(howmuchbiggeritlooks)isjust
.Togetdifferentmagnifications,
justchangeeyepieces!
Mostlargetelescopesuseaconcavemirror
insteadofalenstoformtheimage.
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm
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