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2/5/2015

Mirrors&Lenses

Mirrors&Lenses

23.1FlatMirrors(alsocalledplanemirrors)

Anobjectviewedusingaflatmirrorappears
tobelocatedbehindthemirror,becauseto
theobserverthedivergingraysfromthe
sourceappeartocomefrombehindthe
mirror.

Theimagesreflectedinflatmirrorshavethefollowingproperties:

Theimagedistanceqbehindthemirror
equalstheobjectdistancepfromthemirror

Theimageheighthequalstheobjectheight
hsothatthelateralmagnification

Theimagehasanapparentleftrightreversal

Theimageisvirtual,notreal!

RealImage wherethelightrayactuallycometoafocus youcanactuallyseetheobjectprojectedona


screenplacedatthatlocation

VirtualImage nolightraysactuallycomedirectlyfromavirtualimage,theyjustappeartotheeyeto
doso.(Whenyouseeyourselfinthemirror,areyouactuallylocatedbehinditasyouappear?)

Tofigureoutwhathappens:drawrays,uselawofreflection,usegeometry

Example:Icanseemyself howhighmustthemirrorbeforthemantoseeallofhimself?

http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm

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23.2ImagesFormedbySphericalMirrors
SphericalMirror:

PrincipleAxis:OCIV

CenterofCurvatureC

RadiusofCurvatureR

Lightraysconvergetoarealimageatimage
pointI

Whereistheimageformed?Whatisitsheight? Drawtworays:onehittingVandtheotherpassing
throughC:

.Wegivethislocationa
specialname&designation:thefocalpoint
.Withthisdesignationwecanrewrite
theconcavesphericalmirrorequationas:
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Note,however,thattrulysphericalmirrorsdo
notbringallraystofocusatthesame
location!

SphericalAberration thisistheproblem
theHubbleSpaceTelescopehadwhenfirst
launched.

23.3ConvexMirrors(divergingmirrors)andSignConventions

IstheentryforImagelocationqcorrect?

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Example:Problem#6
AsphericalChristmastreeornamentis6.00cmindiameter.Whatisthemagnificationofanobject
placed10.0cmawayfromtheornament?

Example:Problem#11
A2.00cmhighobjectisplaced3.00cminfrontofaconcavemirror.Iftheimageis5.00cmhighand
virtual,whatisthefocallengthofthemirror?

Example:Problem#16
Aconvexsphericalmirrorwitharadiusofcurvatureof10.0cmproducesavirtualimageonethirdthe
sizeoftherealobject.Whereistheobject?

23.5AtmosphericRefraction(read)

23.6ThinLenses

http://www.physics.uc.edu/~sitko/CollegePhysicsIII/23Mirrors&Lenses/Mirrors&Lenses.htm

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Note:aconvexconcavelensesissometimes
referredtoasameniscus.Itistheshapeused
formosteyeglasses.

Usingthesamesignconventionforthinlenses:

Sameasformirrors!
(Thisisthethinlensequation)

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IfyouareonacomputerwithJavainstalledgohereandplaywiththemirrors&lenses.Ifitdoesntfire
upafterafewseconds,godownto8andhitthestartbutton.Theselittleappletswillgiveyouafeel
forwhathappens.Alsotrythisconverginglensanddiverginglensapplets.Simpler&prettier(butno
mirrors).
Example:Problem#32

Aconvexlensoffocallength15.0cmisusedasamagnifyingglass.Atwhatdistancefromapostage
stampshouldyouholdthislenstogetamagnificationof+2.00?

Example:Problem#36

Anobjectsdistancefromaconverginglensistentimesthefocallength.Howfaristheimagefromthe
focalpoint?Expresstheanswerasafractionofthefocallength.

MultipleLenses

Thisismorecomplicated,butstraightforwardifyoufollowtheserules:

1. Dothefirstlensasiftheotherswerentthere.

2. Usetheimageformedbythislensastheobjectofthenextlens

3. Repeatthisprocessforallthelensesinthesystem

4. Thetotalmagnificationisjusttheproductoftheindividualmagnificationsofeachlens.

SeeExample23.9ofthebook

Example:Problem#41

Twoconverginglenses,eachoffocallength15.0cm,areplaced40.0cmapart,andanobjectisplaced
30.0cminfrontofthefirst.Whereisthefinalimageformed,andwhatisthemagnificationofthe
system?

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Microscope:ObjectveryclosetoF0makesarealinvertedlargerimage.Thisimageisthenviewed&
magnifiedfurtherusingtheeyepiece.

Telescope:Objectnearinfinityformsarealinvertedsmallerimagenearthefocalpoint.Eyepieceisused
tomagnifythisimage.

Theangularmagnification(howmuchbiggeritlooks)isjust

.Togetdifferentmagnifications,

justchangeeyepieces!

Mostlargetelescopesuseaconcavemirror
insteadofalenstoformtheimage.

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