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Abu Bakr al-Siddiq r.

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (Abdallah ibn Abi Quhafa) ‫ أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬or ;‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬
573 CE – 23 August 634 / 13 AH, was an early person to convert to Islam and a senior companion
(Sahaba)of the Islamic prophet Muhammad s.a.w, the Prophet’s intimate friend after Allah, greatest
supporter, closest confidant, first spiritual inheritor, first of the men who believed in him and the
only one who did so unhesitatingly, first of his four Rightly-Guided successors, first of the ten
promised Paradise, and first of the Prophet’s community to enter Paradise.

Alone among the companions, Abu Bakr repeatedly led the community in prayer in the life time of
the Prophet. The latter used to call him by his patronyms of Abu Bakr and Ibn Abi Quhafa, and he
named him with the attributes "The Most Truthful" (al-Siddîq) and "Allah’s Freedman From the
Fire" (`Atîq Allâh min al-nâr). When the Quraysh confronted the Prophet after the Night Journey,
they turned to Abu Bakr and said: "Do you believe what he said, that he went last night to the
Hallowed House and came back before morning?" He replied: "If he said it, then I believe him, yes,
and I do believe him regarding what is farther than that. I believe the news of heaven he brings,
whether in the space of a morning or in that of an evening journey." Because of this Abu Bakr was
named al-Siddîq: the Very Truthful, the One Who Never Lies.
Among the companions who narrated from him: Anas, `A’isha, Jabir, Abu Hurayra, the four `Abd
Allahs (Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Mas`ud, Ibn `Umar, Ibn `Amr), `Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, `Umar, `Uthman,
and `Ali. The latter is one of the narrators of the Prophet’s hadith cited by Abu Bakr: "We
[Prophets] do not leave anything as inheritance. What we leave behind is charity (sadaqa)."
`Umar said: "Abu Bakr’s faith outweighs the faith of the entire Umma." This is confirmed by the
following hadith: The Prophet asked: "Did any of you see anything in his dream?" A man said to the
Prophet: "O Messenger of Allah, I saw in my dream as if a balance came down from the heaven in
which you were weighed against Abu Bakr and outweighed him, then Abu Bakr was weighed
against `Umar and outweighed him, then `Umar was weighed against `Uthman and outweighed
him, then the balance was raised up." This displeased the Prophet who said: "Successorship of
prophethood (khilâfa nubuwwa)! Then Allah shall give kingship to whomever He will." `Umar also
said: "The best of this community after its Prophet is Abu Bakr." `Ali named him and `Umar the
Shaykh al-Islam of the community and said: "The best of this community after its Prophet are Abu
Bakr and `Umar," "The most courageous of people is Abu Bakr," and "The greatest in reward
among people for the volumes of the Qur’an is Abu Bakr, for he was the first of those who gathered
the Qur’an between two covers." He was also the first to name it mushaf.
Abu Bakr’s high rank is indicated, among other signs, by the fact that to deny his companionship to
the Prophet entails disbelief (kufr), unlike the denial of the companionship of `Umar, `Uthman, and
`Ali to the Prophet. This is due to the mention of this companionship in the verse: "The second of
two when the two were in the cave, and he said unto his companion: Grieve not" (9:40) which
refers, by consensus, to the Prophet and Abu Bakr. Allah further praised him above the rest by
saying: "Those who spent and fought before the victory are not upon a level (with the rest of
you)." (57:10)
The Prophet confirmed his high rank in many of his sayings, among them:
"Allah gave one of His servants a choice between this world and what He
has with Him, and that servant chose what Allah has with Him." Abu Bakr
wept profusely and we wondered why he wept, since the Prophet had told of
a servant that was given a choice. The Prophet himself was that servant, as
Abu Bakr later told us. The Prophet continued: "Among those most
dedicated to me in his companionship and property is Abu Bakr. If I were to
take an intimate friend other than my Lord, I would take Abu Bakr. But
what binds us is the brotherhood of Islam and its love. Let no door [of the
Prophet’s mosque] remain open except Abu Bakr’s."

"I am excused, before each of my friends, of any intimate friendship with


anyone. But if I were to take an intimate friend, I would take Ibn Abi
Quhafa as my intimate friend. Verily, your companion is the intimate friend
of Allah!"

"You [Abu Bakr] are my companion at the Basin and my companion in the
Cave."

"Call Abu Bakr and his son so that I will put something down in writing, for
I fear lest someone ambitious forward a claim, and Allah and the believers
refuse anyone other than Abu Bakr."

`Amr ibn al-`As asked: "O Messenger of Allah, who is the most beloved of
all men to you?" He replied: "Abu Bakr."

"It is impermissible for a people among whom is Abu Bakr, to be led by


other than him."

"Take for your leaders those who come after me: Abu Bakr and `Umar."

"O`Ali! Abu Bakr and `Umar are the leaders of the mature inhabitants of
Paradise and its youth among the first and the last, except for Prophets and
Messengers."

"The sun never rose nor set over anyone better than Abu Bakr."

"The Prophet used to hold nightly conversations with Abu Bakr in the
latter’s house, discussing the affairs of Muslims, and I [`Umar] was present
with them." `Umar was angered by Abu Bakr one day and left him in anger.
Abu Bakr followed after him, asking his forgiveness, but `Umar refused and
shut his door in his face. Abu Bakr then went to the Prophet and took hold
of his garment until his knee showed. The Prophet said: "Your companion
has been arguing!" Abu Bakr greeted him and said: "There was a dispute
between me and `Umar, then I felt remorse and asked him to forgive me but
he would not, so I came to you."

The Prophet said, repeating three times: "Allah forgives you, O Abu Bakr!
Allah forgives you, O Abu Bakr! Allah forgives you, O Abu Bakr!" Then
`Umar felt remorse and went asking for Abu Bakr at his house without
finding him. He came to the Prophet and greeted him, but the Prophet’s face
changed with displeasure. Seeing this, Abu Bakr sat up on his knees in fear
before the Prophet, saying twice: "O Messenger of Allah! I am the one who
trangressed. O Messenger of Allah! I am the one who transgressed."

The Prophet said to the people: "Allah sent me to you and you all said: ‘You
are lying!’ But Abu Bakr said: ‘He said the truth.’ Abu Bakr gave me solace
with his person and property. Will you leave my companion alone once and
for all? Will you leave my companion alone once and for all?!" After this
Abu Bakr was never harmed again.

"Jibril came to me, took me by the hand, and showed me the gate through
which my Community shall enter Paradise." Abu Bakr said: "Would that I
were with you to see it!" The Prophet said: "Did you not know? You will be
the first of all my Community to enter it."

Al-Suyuti relates through Ibn Sa`d’s report from `A’isha her description of Abu Bakr: "He was a
man with fair skin, thin, emaciated, with a sparse beard, a slightly hunched frame, sunken eyes and
protruding forehead, and the bases of his fingers were hairless." He was the foremost genealogist of
the Quraysh and the best of them at interpreting dreams after the Prophet according to Ibn Sirin.
`A’isha related that both he and `Uthman had relinquished drinking wine even in the Time of
Ignorance. His caliphate lasted two years and three months in which he opened up the lands of Syria
and Iraq for the Muslims, suppressed apostasy among the Arab tribes, fought the pseudo-Prophets
al-Aswad al-`Ansi, Tulayha al-Asadi who recanted and declared his prophethood in Najd, and
Musaylima the Liar who was killed in the devastating battle of al-Yamama.
Imam al-Nawawi pointed out that Abu Bakr’s genealogical tree alone regroups four successive
generations of companions of the Prophet: his father Abu Quhafa, himself, his daughter Asma’, and
her son `Abd Allah, in addition to Abu Bakr’s son `Abd al-Rahman and his grandson Abu `Atiq.
Nawawi states that only one hundred and forty-two hadiths of the Prophet are narrated from Abu
Bakr. He comments: "The reason for this scarcity, despite the seniority of his companionship to the
Prophet, is that his death pre-dated the dissemination of hadiths and the endeavor of the Followers
to hear, gather, and preserve them." Among Abu Bakr’s sayings: "Whoever fights his ego for
Allah’s sake, Allah will protect Him against what He hates."
Abu Bakr's dakwah brought many people to Islam. He persuaded his intimate friends to convert to
Islam. He presented Islam to others in such a way that many of his friends opted for Islam. Among
those who converted at earlier day of Islam in the instance of Abu Bakr were:
• Uthman Ibn Affan (the 3rd Caliph)
• Al-Zubyr
• Talhah
• Abdul rahman bin Auf
• Saad ibn Abi Waqqas
• Umar ibb Masoan
• Abu Ubaidah ibn Al-Jarrah
• Abdullah bin Abdul Asad
• Abu Salma
• Khalid ibn said
• Abu Hudhaifah ibn Al-Mughirah

Abu Bakr's acceptance proved to be a milestone in Muhammad's mission. Slavery was common in
Mecca ( and all around the world that time), and many slaves accepted Islam. When an ordinary
free man accepted Islam, despite opposition, he would enjoy the protection of his tribe. For slaves
however, there was no such protection, and were subjected to persecution. He gave 40.000 dinar for
the sake of Islam. Abu Bakr felt for these slaves, so he purchased them and set them free.
Most of the slaves liberated by Abu Bakr were either women or old and frail men. The father of Abu
Bakr asked him to for why doesn't he liberate strong and young slaves who could be a source of
strength for him, Abu Bakr replied that he was freeing the slaves for the sake of Allah,and not for
his own sake. According to Sunni tradition the following verses of the Quran were revealed due to
this:
He who gives in charity and fears Allah And in all sincerity testifies to the Truth; We
shall indeed make smooth for him the path of Bliss {92:5-7}.

Those who spend their wealth for increase in self-purification; And have in their minds
no favor from any one For which a reward is expected in return, But only the desire to
seek the Countenance, Of their Lord, Most High; And soon they shall attain complete
satisfaction {92:8-21}.

The Qur'an — preservation

Abu Bakr was instrumental in preserving the Qur'an in written form. It is said that after the hard-
won victory over Musaylimah in the Battle of Yamama fought in 632, Umar (the later Caliph
Umar), saw that many of the Muslims who had memorized the Qur'an had died in battle. Fearing
that the Qur'an may be lost or corrupted, Umar requested the Caliph Abu Bakr to authorize the
compilation and preservation of the Book in written format. After initial hesitation, Abu Bakr made
a committee headed by Zayd ibn Thabit which included the memorizers of the Qur'an and Umar and
to collect all verses of the Book.
After collecting all Qur'anic verses from texts in the possession of various sahaba, Zayd ibn Thabit
and members of his committee verified the reading by comparing with those who had memorized
the Qur'an. After they were satisfied that they had not missed out any verse or made any mistakes in
reading or writing it down, the text was written down as one single manuscript and presented in a
book form to the Caliph Abu Bakr. This process happened within one year of the death of
Muhammad when most of his sahaba (companions) were still alive, ensuring that the text would not
be corrupted in any form.
Prior to his death, Abu Bakr gave this authorized copy of the Qur'an to Umar - his successor. It
remained with him throughout his tenure as Caliph (10 years). Prior to his death, Umar gave this
Book to his daughter Hafsa bint Umar, who was one of the wives of Muhammad. Umar did not
nominate his successor on his deathbed, and thus preferred to leave this copy with Hafsa so as not
to indicate his personal preference of who would be the next caliph. Later on, it became the basis of
Uthman Ibn Affan definitive text of the Qur'an which was published far and wide merely 18 years
after the death of the Prophet. Later historians give Uthman Ibn Affan the principal credit for re-
verification and publishing the Qur'an.

– Some hadith relate to Abu bakr in Muslim translation.

(1) It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that when the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) breathed his last and Abu Bakr was appointed as his successor (Caliph), those amongst
the Arabs who wanted to become apostates became apostates. 'Umar b. Khattab said to Abu Bakr:
Why would you fight against the people, when the Messenger of Allah declared: I have been
directed to fight against people so long as they do not say: There is no god but Allah, and he who
professed it was granted full protection of his property and life on my behalf except for a right? His
(other) affairs rest with Allah. Upon this Abu Bakr said: By Allah, I would definitely fight against
him who severed prayer from Zakat, for it is the obligation upon the rich. By Allah, I would fight
against them even to secure the cord (used for hobbling the feet of a camel) which they used to give
to the Messenger of Allah (as zakat) but now they have withheld it. Umar b. Khattab remarked: By
Allah, I found nothing but the fact that Allah had opened the heart of Abu bakr for (perceiving the
justification of) fighting (against those who refused to pay Zakat) and I fully recognized that the
(stand of Abu Bakr) was right. (Book #001, Hadith #0029)

(2) Abu Huraira narrated on the authority of Abu Bakr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be
upon him) said: Three are the persons with whom Allah would neither speak on the Day of
Resurrection, nor would He look towards them, nor would purify them (from sins), and there would
be a tormenting chastisement for them: a person who in the waterless desert has more water (than
his need) and he refuses to give it to the traveller and a person who sold a commodity to another
person in the afternoon and took an oath of Allah that he had bought it at such and such price and he
(the buyer) accepted it to be true though it was not a fact, and a person who pledged allegiance to
the Imam but for the sake of the world (material gains). And if the Imam bestowed on him
(something) out of that (worldly riches) he stood by his allegiance and if he did not give him, he did
not fulfil the allegiance. (Book #001, Hadith #0196)

(3) Ubaidullah b. Abdullah reported: I visited 'A'isha and asked her to tell about the illness of the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). She agreed and said: The Apostle (may peace be
upon him) was seriously ill and he asked whether the people had prayed. We said: No, they are
waiting for you, Messenger of Allah. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Put some water in the tub for me.
We did accordingly and he (the Holy Prophet) took a bath;and, when he was about to move with
difficulty, he fainted. When he came round, he again said: Have the people said prayer? We said:
No, they are waiting for you, Messenger of Allah. He (the Holy Prophet) again said: Put some water
for me in the tub. We did accordingly and he took a bag, but when he was about to move with
difficultyhe fainted. When he came round, he asked whether the people had prayed. We said: No,
they are waiting for you, Messenger of Allah. He said: Put some water for me in the tub. We did
accordingly and he took a bath and he was about to move with difficulty when he fainted. When he
came roundhe said: Have the people saidprayer? We said: No, they are waiting for you, Messenger
of Allah. She ('A'isha) said: The people were staying in the mosque and waiting for the Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) to lead the last (night) prayer. She ('A'isha) said: The Messenger
of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent (instructions) to Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.
When the messenger came, he told him (Abd Bakr): The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon
him) has ordered you to lead the people in prayer. Abu bakr who was a man of very tenderly
feelings asked Umar to lead the prayer. 'Umar said: You are more entitled to that. Abu Bakr led the
prayers during those days. Afterwards the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) felt some
relief and he went out supported by two men, one of them was al-'Abbas, to the noon prayer. Abu
Bakr was leading the people in prayer. When Abu Bakr saw him. he began to withdraw, but the
Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) told him not to withdraw. He told his two (companions)
to seat him down beside him (Abu bakr).They seated him by the side of Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr said
the prayer standing while following the prayer of the Apostle (way peace be upon him) and the
people Bald prayer (standing) while following the prayer of Abu Bakr. The Apostle (may peace be
upon him) was seated. Ubaidullah said: I visited 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas, and said: Should I submit to
you what 'A'isha had told about the illness of the Apostle (may peace be upon him)? He said: Go
ahead. I submitted to him what had been transmitted by her ('A'isha). He objected to none of it, only
asking whether she had named to him the man who accompanied al-'Abbas. I said: No. He said: It
was 'Ali. (Book #004, Hadith #0832)

(4) 'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), said: I tried to dissuade the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) from it (i. e. from appointing Abu bakr as the Imam.)
and my insistence upon it was not due to the fact that I entertained any apprehension in my mind
that the people would not love the man who would occupy his (Prophet's) place (i. e. who would be
appointed as his caliph) and I feared that the people would be superstitious about one who would
occupy his place. I, therefore, desired that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) should
leave Abu Bakr aside in this matter. (Book #004, Hadith #0835)

(5) Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who has
observed fast among you today? Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) replied: It is I. He (the Holy
Prophet again) said: Who among you follow. ed the bier today? Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with
him) replied: It is I. He (the Holy Prophet again) said: Who among you led a poor man today? Abu
Bakr (Allah he pleased with him) replied: It is I. He (again) said: Who among you visited an invalid
today? Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) said: It is I. Upon this the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) said: Anyone in whom (these good deeds) are combined will certainly, enter
paradise. (Book #005, Hadith #2242)

(6) Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) went out (of his house)
one day or one night, and there he found Abu Bakr and 'Umar also. He said: What has brought you
out of your houses at this hour? They said: Allah's Messenger, it is hunger. Thereupon he said: By
Him in Whose Hand is my life, what has brought you out has brought me out too; get up. They got
up along with him. and (all of them) came to the house of an Ansari, but he was not at home. When
his wife saw him she said: Most welcome, and Allah's Messenger (may peace be Upon him) said to
her: Where is so and so? She said: He has gone to get some fresh water for us. When the Ansari
came and he saw Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and his two Companions, he said:
Praise be to Allah, no one has more honourable guests today than I (have). He then went out and
brought them a bunch of ripe dates, dry dates and fresh dates, and said: Eat some of them. He then
took hold of his long knife (for slaughtering a goat or a sheep). Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) said to him: Beware of killing a milch animal. He slaughtered a sheep for them and after
they had eaten of it and of the bunch and drank, and when they had taken their fill and had been
fully satisfied with the drink, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to Abu Bakr and
Umar: By Him in Whose Hand is my life, you will certainly be questioned about this bounty on the
Day of judgment. Hunger brought you out of your house, then you did not return until this bounty
came to you. (Book #023, Hadith #5055)

(7) 'Abd al-Rabman b. Abu Bakr reported that the people of Suffa were very poor. Once the
Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said (to his Companions): He who amongst you has
food for two persons should take three (guests with him). and he who has with him food for four
persons should take five or six (guests with him for entertaining them). It was (in accordance with
these instructions of the Holy Prophet) that Abu bakr brought three persons, and the Apostle of
Allah (may peace be upon him) brought ten persons (as guests to their respective houses). Abu Bakr
had brought three persons (he himself, and myself), my father and my mother (along with therm).
He (the narrator) said: I do not know whether he also said: My wife and one servant who was
common between our house and that of Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr had had his evening meal with Allah's
Apostle (may peace be upon him). He stayed here until night prayer had been offered. He then came
back (to the house of Allah's Apostle) and stayed there until Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) felt drowsy and (Abu Bakr)hen came (back to his own house) when (a considerable) part of
the night had been over, as Allah had desired. His wife said to him: What held you back from your
guests? He said: Oh! have you not served them the evening meal (by this time)? She said: It was in
fact served to them. but they refused to eat until you came. He ('Abd al-Rahman) said: I slunk away
and bid myself. He (Abu Bakr) said: O, you stupid fellow, and he reprimanded me, and said to the
guests: Eat, though it may not be pleasant now. He said: By Allah. I will never eat it He ('Abd al-
Rahman) said: By Allah. we did not take a morsel when from beneath that (there appeared) more
until they had eaten to their fill, and lo! it was more than what it was before. Abu Bakr saw that and
found that it was so or more than that. He said to his wife: Sister of Band Firis, what is th-is? She
said: By the coolness of my eyes. it is in excess by three times over the previous one. Then Abu
Bakr ate saying: That was from the Satan (viz. his vow for not eating the food). He then took a
morsel out of that and then took it (the rest) to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him),
and it was kept there until morning, and during (those days) there was a covenant between us and
some other people, and the period of covenant was over, and we had appointed twelve officials with
every person amongst them. It is Allah only Who knows as to how many people were there with
each of them. He sent (this food to them) and all of them ate out of it. (Book #023, Hadith #5106)

(8) 'Abdullah b. 'Amr. b. al-'As reported that some persons from Banu Hisham entered the house of
Asma' daughter of 'Umais when Abu bakr also entered (and she was at that time his wife). He (Abu
Bakr)aw it and disapproved of it and he made a mention of that to Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) and said: I did not see but good only (in my wife). Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may
peace be upon him) said: Verily Allah has made her immune from all this. Then Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) stood on the pulpit and said: After this day no man should enter the house
of another person in his absence, but only when he is accompanied by one person or two persons.
(Book #026, Hadith #5403)

(9) Ibn Sirin reported: I asked Anas b. Malik whether Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)
dyed his hair. He said: He had not reached the stage when (he needed) dyeing (of his white hair). He
had a few white hair in his beard. I said to him: Did Abu Bakr dye his hair? He said: Yes, with hina'
(henna). (Book #030, Hadith #5780)

(10) Abu Sa'id reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sat on the pulpit and said:
Allah gave a choice to His servant that he may opt the beauties of the world or that which is with
Him and the servant chose that which was with Him. Thereupon Abu Bkr wept and he wept bitterly
and said: Let our fathers and our mothers be taken as ransom for you. It was Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him) who had been given the choice and Abu bakr knew it better than us, and
Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) is reported to have said: Behold, of all people the most
generous toward me in regard to his companionship and his property was Abu Bakr and were I to
choose anyone as my bosom friend, I would have chosen Abu Bakr as my dear friend, but (for him)
I cherish Islamic brotherliness and love. There shall be left open no window in the mosque except
Abu Bakr window. (Book #031, Hadith #5869)

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