Intro to Sociology

Test Two study sheet

1. Material vs. Non-material culture
- Material culture includes things such as religious objects, buildings, clothing, shops, food, etc.
- Non-Material includes religion, beliefs, personal values
2. Sociologists understanding of culture
- Expressive aspects of social life
- A basic element of society
- Symbol systems: represent & guide thinking, feeling, behaviour
3. Definition and stages of socialization
4. Interactionist socialization
- Learning to recognize and respond socially to important people within ones life
5. Charles Cooley-looking glass self
- The imagination of our appearance to the other person
6. Sigmund Freud-id, superego, ego
1. Id
- Pleasure seeking self
- Need for safety, food, water, sex etc.
2. Superego
- Norms/values of society
- bound by the straightjacket of rules
3. Ego
- Mediates between the id and superego
- An emotionally balanced persons Ego will always win
7. Freud stages of developments
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latent
5. Genital
8. Folkways
- Things passed down from family
9. Subculture
- Segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways & values that differs
from the pattern of the larger society
- ex. Teenagers, cross fitters, muslim
10. Counter culture
- A subculture that opposes aspects of the larger culture
- Ex. KKK, Hells Angels, hippies
11. Norms
- Established standards of behaviour maintained by society
12. Values
- Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable & proper
13. Sanctions

- Rewards/punishments for following the norms within society

14. Mores
- Things everyone knows that theyre not supposed to do
15. Cultural shock
- Disorientation experienced when first experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
16. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
- Since people can conceptualize the world only through language, then language proceeds
thought
- Ex. Inuit have over 200 words for snow. We cannot perceive snow in the same way.
- We base things on the definition of the words we know
17. Feral children
18. Rhesus monkey experiment
- Monkey with terry cloth mother, no food. Monkey with metal mother, with food.
- Terry cloth didnt leave mother until starving, metal only went to mother when hungry
19. Socialization agents
1. Mass Media
2. Friendships
3. Education System
4. Family
20. Amish socialization
21. Social role
22. Role strain
- When a person has difficulty meeting demands of one role
23. Role exit
- Disengaging from a role that is true to ones identity and taking on a new role
24. Role conflict
- When two roles interfere with each other
25. In-group
- Groups people identify as
26. Out-group
- Groups people dont identify as (gender)
27. Social institutions
28. Ethnocentrism
- When you put your culture above everyone elses
- Unable to view other cultures without your cultural lense
29. Xenocentrism
- When we appreciate/value another persons culture above our own
30. Cultural relativism
- Trying to understand cultures on their own terms rather than through our own cultural lense