Manual Basic English

Manual do Formando
Ingls para Contactos Profissionais

Paulo Furtado | Susana Matias | Susanne de Graaf
Recurso desenvolvido no mbito da medida 4.2.2.2 do POEFDS. Programa co-financiado por:
Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS
F IC H A T CN IC A
Ingls Business
Paulo Furtado | Susana Matias | Susanne de Graaf
Lnguas Estrangeira
Verso - 01
ISLA de Bragana
Gabinete de Formao
Depsito Legal 000 000/00
ISBN 000-00-0000-0
UNIDADE 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 JOBS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2 PLACES, DEPARTMENTS AND INDUSTRIES ................................................................................ 13
1.3 TYPES OF WORKS.............................................................................................................. 20
UNIDADE 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 23
2.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS................................................................................................... 23
2.2 SOCIALIZING....................................................................................................................... 27
UNIDADE 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 37
3.1. PAST SIMPLES AND PAST CONTINUOUS....................................................................... 37
3.2. TELEPHONING................................................................................................................... 42
UNIDADE 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 53
4.1 MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES .................................................................................. 53
4.2 PASSIVE VOICE .................................................................................................................. 57
4.3 WHERE IS IT MADE? / WHERE IS IT SOLD?...................................................................... 61
UNIDADE 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 65
5.1 PRODUCT DETAILS ........................................................................................................... 65
5.2 PRODUCT INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................................ 71
5.3 PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS .......................................................................................... 75
UNIDADE 6 .......................................................................................................................................... 79
6.1 PRESENT PERFECT ........................................................................................................... 75
UNIDADE 7 .......................................................................................................................................... 89
7.1 BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: EMAIL, FAXES AND LETTERS................................... 89
7.2 THE MESSAGE: EMAIL, FAXES AND LETTERS................................................................ 93
7.3 EMAIL ................................................................................................................................... 96
UNIDADE 8 ........................................................................................................................................ 101
8.1 BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES 1 ................................................................................. 101
UNIDADE 9 ........................................................................................................................................ 111

9.1 PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................................ 105
9.2 ME MIDDLE OF A PRESENTATION ................................................................................ 107
9.3 ENDING A PRESENTATION & QUESTIONS ................................................................... 105
UNIDADE 10 ...................................................................................................................................... 127

10.1 MEETINGS ...................................................................................................................... 127
10.2 TYPES OF MEETINGS ................................................................................................... 132
UNIDADE 1
Objectivos
Este primeiro captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer os conceitos bsicos
dos tipos de
emprego que existem, como se utiliza as preposies com trabalho e emprego, dos departamentos e
industrias. Em termos gramaticais feita uma abordagem ao presente simples e s preposies de
lugar.
| Tpicos
- YOUR JOB, VOCABULARY;
- PLACES, DEPARTMENTS AND INDUSTRIES;
- TYPES OF WORK AND SALARY
1.1 Jobs
| Tpicos
1.1.1 Your job, other jobs and dream jobs

1.1.2. Present Simple
1.1.3 Exercices
1.1.1 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS EMPREGOS..

| Your job
Question:
What do you do?
What is your job?
Answer:
I am an engineer.
Im a doctor.
I am an architect.
Im a photographer
| Other jobs
Question in the singular form:
he
What does she do?
Mark
Anne
Question in the plural form:
What do they do?
What do Mark and Anne do?
Possible answers:
Hes an architect.
She is a teacher.
Marks an assistant.
Anne is a designer
Theyre painters.
Mark and Anne are tour guides
NOTE:
You use a in front of a consonant (b/c/d/f/g/h/) and an in front of a vowel (a/e/i/o/u and h
when not read).
Pay attention! When you use the plural answers to say what kind of job they do, you do not need
to use a or an.
| Dream jobs
What is your dream job?
When we answer we use want:
I want to be a doctor.
| Vocabulary
Jobs
Accountant
Judge
Baker
Lawyer
Barber
Nurse
Barman/woman
Optician
Builder
Painter
Butcher
Photographer
Carpenter
Plumber
Cashier
Policeman
Chambermaid
Porter
Chef
Postman/woman
Cleaner
Receptionist
Cook
Reporter
Dentist
Sales Assistant
Doctor
Sales representative
Electrician
Secretary
Engineer
Scientist
Fireman
Surgeon
Fishmonger
Teacher
Flight attendant
Tourist guide
Hair dresser
1.1.2 O PRESENTE SIMPLES
| Form
You build the present simple with the base form (infinitive)
rd
You add s to the infinitive for he, she and it (3 person)
With some verbs, for example go and do, you add es to the base form.
Affirmative sentences
I
You
Negative sentences
Work
He
Do not
You
Dont
He
She
It
Works
We
They
Work
She
It
Does not
Doesnt
We
Do not
They
Dont
Question forms
I
Do
You
Does
He
She
Work?
It
Do
We
They
Do
Where
When
He
Does
Why
How
Do
I
You
She
It
We
They
Work?
Work.
1.1.3 EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences. Look at the example

1. I work on engines. Im an engineer
2. I take photos. Im :________________________

3. I design buildings. I am ____________________
4. I work in a hospital. I am ___________________
5. I work in a restaurants kitchen. Im _____________________
6. I deliver the mail: Im _____________________
7. I teach English. Im _______________________
8. I paint. I am ______________________
Exercise 2
What jobs do you see in the pictures?
_____________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
____________________
________________________
_______________________
____________________
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___________________
___________________
________________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
Exercise 3
Write the questions for these answers. Look at the example.
1. What do you do?
Im a doctor.
2. __________________________?
Hes a waiter.
3. __________________________?
Hes an architect and she is a designer
4. __________________________?
Shes a policewoman.
5.__________________________?
They are salespeople
6. _________________________?
You are a nurse.
Exercise 4
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in present simple
1. I (get up) at 7.30.
_____________________________________
2. My sister (get up) at 7.45.
___________________________________
3. We (watch) TV every night.
___________________________________
4. He sometimes (cry) if the film is sad. _____________________________________

5. My sister and her friends often (go) to clubs._________________________________
6. She always (wash) her hair before she (go out). ______________________________
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7. My parents (listen) the news every evening at six. ____________________________

8. Anne (wake up) at 9.30. _____________________________
9. Tom always (drink) a coffee after dinner. ________________________
10. I always (sing) when I take a shower. __________________________
Exercise 5
Complete each phrase, using the correct form of the Present Simple. Attention, some are interrogative
and some are negative.
You/watch/much TV?
__________________________________________________________
TV in your country/have/many American programmes?
__________________________________________________________
Chocolate / not be / bad for your health.
__________________________________________________________
You and your friends/play/much sport?
___________________________________________________________
Chinese people / not have / blond hair.
___________________________________________________________
The place where you live/have/a sports centre?
____________________________________________________________
I / not do / the dishes at home.
____________________________________________________________
You / like / ice cream?
_____________________________________________________________
Ann and Mark / not like / potatoes.
___________________________________________________________
Tom and I / not go / to the cinema.
______________________________________________________________
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1.2 Places, Departments and Industries

| Tpicos
1.2.1 Prepositions of place IN/ON/AT and work + prepositions

1.2.2. Places and industries
1.2.3 Departments
1.2.4 Exercises
1.2.1 COMPREENDER AUTILIZAO DAS PREPOSIES DE LUGAR

| IN/ON/AT
IN:
Use in with spaces:
In a room
In a room
In a garden
In a park
Use in with bodies of water:
In the water
In the sea
In a river
Use in with lines:
In a row
In a line
In a queue
AT:
Use at with places:
At the bus-stop
At the door
At the cinema
At the end of the street
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Use at with places on a page:

At the top of the page
At the bottom of the page
Use at in groups of people:
At the back of the class
At the front of the class
ON:
Use on with surfaces:
On the ceiling
On the floor
On the wall
On the table
Use on with small islands:
I stayed on Maui
Use on with directions:
On the left
On the right
IMPORTANT NOTES
IN/AT/ON the corner
We say in the corner of a room, but at the corner / on the corner of a street
IN/AT/ON the front
We say in front of / in the back of the car
We say at the front / at the back of buildings or groups of people
We say on the front of / on the back of a piece of paper
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| Work + preposition
What do you do?
I work for + name of the company
Ex: I work for an English manufacturing company
I work for Nestl
I work for an insurance company
I work for Tranquilidade
Work for sempre utilizado quando se fala numa companhia

I work in + department
Ex: I work in Personnel
I work in Marketing
I work in Sales
I work in Research and Development
Work in sempre utilizado quando falamos de um departamento

I work on + a Project
Ex: I work on a car design
I work on a product research
I work on a new clothes design
Work on sempre utilizado quando falamos de um projecto
I work with + pessoas
I work with suppliers ( companies that we buy products from)
I work with many colleagues (people that work with me)
I work with foreign people
Work with (trabalhar com) utiliza-se exactamente como em portugus.
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1.2.2 COMPREENDER O VOCABULARIO RELATIVO AO LOCAL DE TRABALHO E

S INDSTRIAS
| Places
Question:
Where do you work?
Answer:
I work
in
an office
I work
in
a college
I work
at
a head office
I work
at
home
I work
in
Paris
I work
on
a design
does
Where
he
she
do
He
work?
they
| Industries
You can talk about the industry that you work in
Ex: Im in Sales
Shes in Finance
They are in oil
Hes in tourism
Im in advertising
Hes in advertising
Shes in construction
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She
works
They
work
on a farm
1.2.3 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS DEPARTAMENTOS
The Packing department is responsible for putting the product in boxes and crates.
The Wages and Salaries department is responsible for paying the staff
The Purchasing department is responsible for buying supplies
The Sales department is responsible for selling the product to the costumers
The Maintenance department is responsible for servicing the machines and the equipment
The Training department is responsible for arranging courses for the staff
The Personnel department is responsible for selecting and recruiting new employees
The Production department is responsible for manufacturing the products
The After-Sales department is responsible for looking after customers problems and
complaints
The Finance department is responsible for dealing with taxation, investment and cash
management
The Accounting department is responsible for invoicing the customers
The Distribution department is responsible for dispatching the products and sending them to
the customers
EX: He works in the sales department he sells company products.

She works in the production department she makes the company products.
I work in the training department I organize training courses.
Exercise 1
Match the two parts of what people say about their jobs.
1. I work in the production department
a. Im the boss
2. I work in Paris
b. I make televisions
3. I work in a college
c. I sell machines
4. I work at a head office
d. I teach French
5. I work in the sales department
e. I love big cities!
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Exercise 2
Fill in the gaps with the following prepositions: IN/ON/AT

1. He is sitting ___on______ the bench.
2. He was born _________ Scotland.
3. There are maps and pictures _________ the walls.
4. Theyve got a nice house _________ the south of Portugal.
5. He has got a pencil _________ his hand.
6. The exam is _________ Friday 24th of November.
7. The garden is _________ the back of the house.
8. You cant park _________ the corner of the street.
9. The name of the street is _________the bottom of the page.
Exercise 3
Match the speakers a-j to departments 1-10
a) I spend most of my day updating software
b) Ive just written an advert for new sales staff
c) I look after all the contracts
d) We develop new products and services
e) We deal with peoples complaints
g) Our campaign brought us ten new customers
h) Ive just updated the schedule for the new model
i) We hope this campaign will improve our image
j) We have to get the new designs into the shops by the first of December
1) Legal
___
2) Customer services
3) Production
___
4) HR
___
5) IT
___
6) R&D ___
7) Distribution ___
8) PR
___
9) Sales and Marketing ___
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Exercise 4
Complete the sentences with in, at or on
1. I work _________a shop
2. I dont work _________ a construction site
3. You dont work _________ home because you like to be with people all the time
4. She works _________ a factory
5. They work ________ a farm
6. he works _________ sales
Exercise 5
Complete each sentence with an industry.
1. I work for Shell. Im in _______________
2. Hes a teacher. Hes in ______________
3. We are tour guides. Were in ____________
4. We are selling our company products. Were in ____________
5. They build houses. Theyre in __________
Where do you work? Talk about people you know and where they work.
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1.3 Types of work

| Tpicos
1.3.1 Jobs and Work

1.3.2. Vocabulary about pay, pension, etc..
1.3.3 Exercises
1.3.1 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS EMPREGOS
| Types of jobs
Full-time job (employees work usually around 40 hours a week)
Part-time job (when employees work 20 hours a week)
Overtime (when you work longer than you should and you get more money)
Permanent job (The contract has no finish date)
Temporary Job (is working for a short period, the contract has a finish date)
A contract (an agreement about how long you work, when you work and how much you earn)
Employees (people who work for a company)
| Types of work
Temporary work
Permanent work
No se pode utilizar o substantivo work com as expresses part-time e full-time. Temos de

utilizar o verbo work. Assim dizemos:
I work full-time / I work part-time
He/she works full-time. He /she works part-time.
.
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1.3.2 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AO SALRIO, REFORMA,

ETC:
Salary: the money you receive at the end of the month for working.
Wage: is the money you receive every week if you work and get paid per week.
Retire: you stop working because of your age, usually at 65.
Pension: is a payment for people who retire.
Resign: if you leave a company, for example to work for another company. You tell the company
that you are leaving.
Make redundant: if there isnt any more work for the employee to do or, or if we dont need them
any more, or if there are financial problems in a company.
Dismiss or fire: if someone has done something wrong we ask the person to leave the company.
Bonus: is a value of money you can receive extra when for example the companys sales go up.
Rise: when your salary goes up normally after a certain period of time and with good work done.
1.3.3 EXERCCIOS DE CONSILIDAO
Exercise 1
Fill in the gaps by choosing a word given in italics
Permanent job / colleagues / contract / overtime / part-time job / customers / suppliers / full-time job /
temporary job / employee
1. The people who buy your products are _______________
2. If you work extra hours, you do _______________
3. I can work here as long as I want I have a _________________
4. __________________ are the companies we buy products from
5. Your _______________ are the people that you work with.
6. If you only work 20 hours a week, you have a ________________.
7. An agreement to work for a particular company is called a ______________
8. My job finishes next month its only a _______________
9 I work 40 hours a week, this means I have a __________________
10. If you work for a company, youre an _______________
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Exercise 2
Complete the table
VERB
NOUN
Retirement
Resignation
Dismissal
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
Redundancy
Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with the words in italics
fire / wage / retire / salary / raise / bonus / redundant / resign

1. Your base __________ will be 20.000 per year
2. I dont like what the company is doing, so Im going to ___________ and find another job.
3. Well done!! You did an excellent job, you deserve a __________. Your salary will go up.
4there was no more work at the factory, so they made me ______________
5. When I __________ at 65 I am going to live in Brazil.
6. You receive a _____________ this year because the companys sales went up 20%.
7. Ann stole money from the company, so they had to ___________ her.
8. I am getting paid per week, so I receive a ___________
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UNIDADE 2
Objectivos
Este segundo captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer o presente continuo, abordaremos a
socializao, perguntar e responder s questes de forma formal e informal.
| Tpicos
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS;
- PRESENT CONTINUOUS VS PRESENT SIMPLE;
- SOCIALIZING
2.1 Present Continuous

| Tpicos
2.1.1 Present Continuous
2.1.2 Present Continuous VS Present Simple
2.1.3 Consolidation exercises
2.1.1 COMPREENDER O PRESENTE CONTINUO
| Form
The Present Continuous is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb to be and
the ing form of the main verb.
I
am/m working
You
are/re working
He
She
is/s working
It
We
They
are/re working
Negative sentences
I
am not/m not
You
are not/arent
He
She
is not
It
isnt
We
They
are not
arent
working
23
Question forms
Am
Are
you
he
Is
she
it
working?
we
Are
they
| Moment of speaking
The present continuous is used to talk about an activity taking place at the moment of speaking.
Im afraid Sir Goodman isnt available at the moment. He is talking with another person in his office.
| Current projects
The Present continuous is also used to talk about actions or activities and current projects that are
taking place over a period of time (even if they arent taking place precisely at the moment of speaking).
Sonae is one of the most important companies in Portugal. At the moment they are building a new
shopping centre and they are negotiating with the state for building a new hotel in the South of
Portugal.
| Temporary situations
We use the Present Continuous to indicate that an action or activity is temporary rather than
permanent.
Mary organizes our conferences.
(the present simple is used because it is generally true)
Mary is organizing our conferences because Jane is on holiday.
(the present continuous is used because this is only true for a limited time)
| Slow changes
The Present Continuous is used to describe current trends and slow changes that are taking place.
The latest economic statistics from the European Central Bank show that both unemployment and
inflation are falling in the Eurozone countries, and the economy is growing at an annual rate of 2.6%.
24
2.1.2. COMPREENDER O PRESENTE CONTINUOU VERSUS O PRESENTE SIMPLES

We use present simple and not present continuous with the following verbs:
Verbs of thinking: think; believe; agree; understand; know; remember; forget
Verbs of feeling: want; wish; love; hate
Verbs of perception; see; hear; notice
Verbs of possession: have; own; belong
Reporting verbs: say; ask; tell; answer
Other verbs: cost; weigh; seem; appear; need
We use present continuous and never present simple when we talk about personal plans and
arrangements.
What time are you meeting me?
What time do you meet me? X
2.1.3. EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO
Exercise 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous. See the example.
1. Could I ring you back in a few minutes? I am talking (talk) to someone on the phone.
2. Jamila is upstairs with Marco and Roy. They _________________(have) a meeting about the new
website.
3. What _________________ (you/do) here? I thought you had gone on holidays.
4. Could you tell Miss James that Miss Lang is here? She _________________ (expect) me.
5. Oh no, the printer _________________ (not work). Ill call the IT department.
6. This is a very bad line. __________________ (you/call) from your mobile?
7. I ____________________ (phone) to say that Ill be home late this evening.
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Exercise 2
Fill in the gaps with the verbs by using the present simple or present continuous. See the example.
Interviewer: Do you usually organize (you /usually organize) the delivery of milk to the factory?
_________________________ (the farmers/bring) it here themselves?
Bill: No, _______________________ (we/always collect) the milk ourselves, and the tankers
________________ (deliver) it to the pasteurization plant twice a day.
Interviewer: What sort of quality control procedures ______________________ (you/have)?
Bill: As a rule we ________________ (test) samples of every consignment, and then the milk
__________________ (pass) down insulated pipes to the bottling plant, which __________________
(operate) 24 hours a day. Ill show you round a bit later, but the production line ___________________
(not work) at the moment because the employees ___________________ (change) shifts.
Exercise 3
Write questions to go with the answers. Use either the present simple or present continuous. See
the example.
1. Where do you come from?
I come from a little town called Zug, near Zurich.
2. ________________________________________________________?
Im writing to Marksons to ask for an up-to-date catalogue.
3. _________________________________________________________?
I think hes an accountant.
4. _________________________________________________________?
I usually cycle in, but sometimes I bring the car.
5. __________________________________________________________?
Our Sales Director goes abroad about three or four times a year.
6. __________________________________________________________?
No, not at all well. In fact, the factory is doing a three day week.
7. _________________________________________________________?
Yes, very well. We met in 1980.
8. _________________________________________________________?
No, not at the moment. But well start taking on new staff again in May.
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2.2 Socializing
| Tpicos
2.1.1 Socializing
2.2.1 COMPREENDER
SOCIALIZAO
VOCABULRIO
RELACIONADO
COM
PROCESSO
DE
| Introductions, socializing and leave-taking

The following are the most common used introductions.
Introductions:
Jean, this is Mary.
Monique, do you know Patrice?
Bert, have you met Marc?
Can I introduce you to Melanie Knopes our Finance Director?
Id like you to meet
Are you Ms. Valdez by any chance?
You must be Anne Hair.
Responding:
Nice to meet you.
Its a pleasure.
Pleased to meet you / Pleased to meet you
too.
Mentioning common interests:
I think you both know Ivonne
I think you both like skiing.
I think you are both interested in the new
project.
I know you have both been to Brazil.
I know you have both worked in R&D.
Leaving:
Well, I really must be going
Anyway, Ill see you soon
Hope to see you soon
It was nice meeting you
It was good to see you again
27
| Welcoming visitors
The following ways are used to welcome visitors:
Welcome to
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
Its a (great) pleasure to welcome you to
(FORMAL LANGUAGE)
On behalf of Id like to welcome you to
(FORMAL LANGUAGE)
Introducing yourself:
My names Im (job/position)
Let me introduce myself. Im
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
How do you do. My names

We havent met. Im
(FORMAL LANGUAGE)
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
Introducing someone else:

Id like to introduce you to
(FORMAL LANGUAGE)
Have you met?

., this is
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
(INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
Responding to introductions:
How do you do. My name is
Nice to meet you. Mines
Offering:
Let me get you a coffee
Would you like a coffee?
Let me take your coat
| At the office
28
(FORMAL LANGUAGE)
((INFORMAL LANGUAGE)
NOTE:
When welcoming visitors, the level of formality will depend mostly on the culture of the country
you live in, and also on the type of organization you work for. In the UK, its becoming more unusual to
adopt a more informal style of communication.
| Small talk topics

Weather:
How do you find the weather here?
Its lovely / sunny / warm
What was it like when you left?
It was dismal / cloudy / cold / damp / wet / stormy / windy
29
Travel:
How was your trip?
It was fine / very smooth / easy or
It was a bit delayed / the traffic was terrible / it was a bit rough / I missed my connection / my plane
was late
Did you have any trouble finding us?
There were no problems, thank you.
Accommodation:
Hows your hotel?
Its very comfortable / convenient / luxurious or
The service is excellent or
Its rather noisy / dirty
Is everything all right?
The service is rather slow / The room are a bit cramped
Jobs:
Quite a lot of opening small talk centers around peoples jobs. Most of us classify people initially in
terms of their work.
What do you do?
Im a teacher / engineer / lawyer. (profession)
I work for the ABC Corporation. (employer)
I work for myself at the moment. (self-employed)
I look after the children. / Im a housewife / husband.
What line are you in?
Im in computing. (industry)
Im in marketing. (function)
How long have you been with them?
Do you like it / are they a good employer / is the job interesting?
Family:
Are you married? What does your wife / husband do?
Do you have any children? How old are they?
Spare time:
What do you do in the evenings / at weekends?
Where do you spend your holidays?
What do you do in your spare time?
Origins:
Where do you come from? / Where were you brought up?
Which part of were you born in?
30
| At the restaurant
Mary: A table for two please. Rita do you smoke?

Rita: No I dont.
Mary: Near the window in the non-smoking area, please.
Rita: What do you recommend?
Mary: The fish is very good. Do you like fish?
Rita: No, Im not keen on seafood. What are you going to have?
Mary: I think Ill have the chicken vindaloo. Thats a type of curry with chicken.
Rita: That sounds good. Ill have the same.
Waiter: Are you ready to order?
Mary: Yes I think so. Do you live in London?
Rita: No I live in Brighton, on the South coast. I commute. What about you?
Mary: I commute too. It takes about 20 minutes by car. Do you like commuting?
Rita: Its ok if the train isnt late! I read and I listen to music. And you?
Mary: Its fine if there isnt much traffic. What do you do in your free time?
Rita: I play golf
Mary: Really? I play golf too. How about a game tomorrow afternoon?
Rita: Good idea!
After finishing their meal
Rita: That was delicious!
Mary: Im glad you liked it. Would you like a coffee?
Rita: Yes please.
Later
Mary: Can we have the bill please? Oh, dont worry, Ill get this
Rita: Thank you very much
31
Mary: My pleasure!
NOTE:
We often modify our negative remarks by using words like a little, a bit , or rather. When we insert
these words, our remarks are often softened. They become less direct and sound more natural.
| Requests (favours) and responses.

I wondered if you could
Sure / certainly
Would you mind .-ing?

Could you ?
Not at all / Itd be a pleasure.

I suppose so.
Ive got a favour to ask you. Could you?

Well thats not easy / a bit of a problem.
We often ask people to lend us something. Be careful how you use lend and borrow:
Could you lend me 10p for the phone?
I wonder if I could borrow your copy the fax?
When we respond positively to a request we say no:
Would you mind postponing the meeting?
No, not at all. / No, thats all right.
When we respond negatively we tend not to say yes, I do mind but:
Would you mind cancelling the meeting?
Well, Im not sure
NOTE:
The language we use for making a request will depend on the nature of the request, and who we are
asking. Normally, we would use more formal or polite language for difficult or more personal requests,
especially with someone we dont know well. For smaller requests, or with people we know well, we are
usually less formal.
32
2.2.2 EXERCCIOD DE CONSOLIDAO.
Exercise 1
Match the questions 1-4 to the answers a-d.
1. Do you live in Paris?
a. Good idea!
2. Do you like commuting?
3. What do you do in your free time?
b. No, I live in Reims, 2 hours from Paris.

c. Its ok. I do some work on the train.
4. How about a game of tennis tonight?
d. I play squash.
Exercise 2
Match the small talk questions with the most appropriate response.
1. What was the weather like when you left?
2. How do you find the weather?
3. I suppose this weather must be a bit of a shock to you.
4. How was your trip?
5. Did you have any trouble finding us?
6. Did you get in on time?
7. How is the hotel?
8. Did you find somewhere to stay?
9. Have you got a room with a view?
10. How was the crossing?
a. Just a little bit late.
b. Fine. Everything went smoothly, thank you.
c. Pretty cold. It was only four degrees when I left home.
d. Not yet. Could you recommend somewhere?
e. No problems at all. The map you sent me was excellent.
f. A bit rough but not too bad.
g. It is a bit. It was below zero back in the states.
h. Lovely. Sunny skies. Nice and warm.
i. Unfortunately not. All I can see is the factory opposite.
j. Very comfortable, thank you.
33
Exercise 3
Complete the conversation by filling in these polite expressions in the gaps.
No, not at all / Please / Could I possibly / Dont mention it / Im afraid / Could you /
Would you mind / Thats very good of you / Shall I / Yes, certainly
Visitor: ________________ leave a brief message for Brian Martin in IT?
Receptionist: _________________ hes away on business for the next two days.
Visitor: Oh dear. Well _________________ taking the message anyway?
Receptionist: __________________
Visitor: Ill just write the note on my business card. ________________ lend me a pen please?
Receptionist: ________________. You can use this one.
Visitor: Thanks. OK, Ive written the message. ______________ leave it with you?
Receptionist: _____________ do. Ill make sure hell gets it.
Visitor: ________________ . Im grateful for your help.
Receptionist: _________________. Its a pleasure.
Exercise 4
Read the text in which Klaus Ervald arrives for a meeting with Lars Elstroem and Louise Scott of
Evco S.A., a Swedish advertising agency and answer the questions below.
Klaus: Hello, my name is Klaus Ervald. Ive an appointment
Louise: Oh hello Klaus, Im Louise Scott. Weve spoken on the phone a couple of times. Nice to
meet you.
Klaus: Its nice to be here
Louise: Oh let me take your coat.
Klaus: Thanks.
Louise: Oh, heres Lars. Lars, this is Klaus, hes just arrived.
Lars: Hello Klaus. Pleased to meet you and welcome to Evco.
Klaus: Thanks.
Lars: Is this your first visit to Sweden?
Klaus: No, Ive been to Stockholm two or three times but its my first visit to Malmo.
Louise: Klaus, let me get you a drink.
Klaus: Yes, Id like a tea, if possible, thanks.
Louise: Sure. With milk or lemon?
Klaus: With lemon please and sugar.
Louise: Right.
Lars: Did you have a good trip?
34
Klaus: Absolutely no problems.

Lars: Thats good. You did fly didnt you to Gothenberg.
Klaus: Yes thats right, then I drove here.
Lars: Oh thats good. Malmo can be a little wet at this time of the year. .. Youll have to come back in
the summer.
Klaus: Oh, Id like that. I always like coming to Sweden and ah! A problem! I need some fish. Can
you advise me? I always take back some fish, some salmon.
Lars: Oh yes, gravlax.
Klaus: And pickled herring too, in tomato sauce and the other one with onions and dill and pepper.
Can you suggest a good place to get some?
Louise: Gravlax? Its always wonderful The airport might be the best place. And the herring too.
Klaus: Ok, Ill have to get to the airport early. If I am late, I might miss the plane. I cant go home
without the fish.
Lars: No! Certainly not. Well well get you some for lunch anyway!
Louise: Ok, heres some tea.
Klaus: Oh, you are very kind.
Lars: So, apart from fish, can I explain the program I think we sent you an outline for the day if
you agree, we could start with a video which explains some of our services and then we could have a
look at a few reports on campaigns
a) Is the meeting between Klaus and Evco formal or informal? Give reasons for you answer.
b) Do they know each other quite well?
c) Klaus has a problem. What is it?
d) Louise interrupts Klaus at the start. Is this acceptable?
e) Lars begins to talk about the program for the day. Is this appropriate at this stage?
35
Exercise 5
Read the text about Peter Marwoods arrival at SDA Ltd. In Sidney, Australia. He has to wait a few
minutes and asks Stephanie Field for some assistance. Identify 2 things he needs and 3 things he does
not need.
Peter: Yes, thats all right. Im a little early I can wait a few minutes.
Stephanie: Well, can I get you a drink of something a tea or a coffee perhaps?
Peter: No, Im fine thanks but there is one thing Id like to send a fax Its rather urgent.
Stephanie: Yes, of course. Shall I show you the machine or shall I take it?
Peter: Oh yes, that would be better and heres the number.
Stephanie: Fine. Would you like a newspaper to read or the Economist?
Peter: No, its ok I can prepare some work while Im waiting.
Stephanie: Right, Ill get this off for you.
Peter: Thanks. Oh one other thing, I need to send some flowers to my ex-wife. Today is the fifth
anniversary of our divorce. She didnt like all the travelling I did. I think some flowers from Australia
would be rather appropriate, dont you?
Stephanie: Er, perhaps! Right, Ill get you a number for Interflora or something like that. Maybe you
have a special message youd like to send with the flowers?
Peter: Yes, Ill think of one.
Stephanie: And this evening, will you need a cab to the hotel?
Peter: No, its only five minutes. Ill walk.
Needs:
___________________________
Does not need:

_______________________________
___________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
36
UNIDADE 3
3.1
Objectivos
Este terceiro captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer o vocabulrio relacionado com telefonemas.
Como efectuar e receber uma chamada. Faremos ainda uma reviso ao pretrito perfeito e pretrito
imperfeito.
| Tpicos
- PAST SIMPLE;
- PAST CONTINUOUS;
- TELEPHONING.
3.1 Past Simple and pat continuous

| Tpicos
3.1.1 Past Simple
3.1.2. Past Continuous
3.1.1 COMPREENDER O PRETRITO PERFEITO

| Form
The past simple (positive) is formed by using the past tense form. Regular verbs add d or
ed to the bare infinitive to form the past tense. For negative and questions use the auxiliary did and
the bare infinitive.
Affirmative
I worked
You worked
He worked
She worked
It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked
Negative
I didnt work
You didnt work
He didnt work
She didnt work
It didnt work
We didnt work
You didnt work
They didnt work
Interrogative
Did I work?
Did you work ?
Did he work?
Did she work?
Did it work ?
Did we work ?
Did you work?
Did they work ?
37
| Irregular verbs
Some verbs do not add ed to the bare infinitive form to form the past simple, but change in other
ways. The next example is with the verb to go.
Affirmative
I went
You went
He went
She went
It went
We went
You went
They went
Negative
I didnt go
You didnt go
He didnt go
She didnt go
It didnt go
We didnt go
You didnt go
They didnt go
Interrogative
Did I go?
Did you go ?
Did he go?
Did she go?
Did it go ?
Did we go ?
Did you go?
Did they go ?
| Completed actions
The past simple is used to talk about completed actions in the past:
The oldest bank of England collapsed in 1995 when a trader lost $800 million on currency deals.
| Time expressions with prepositions
The past simple is often used with past time expressions.
At 6 oclock/1.15/the end of the year/Christmas
th
st
On Tuesday/15 of May/the 21 /New Years day
In January/1978/the 1980s/summer
No prepositions are used in the following situations:
Yesterday/yesterday morning/last Monday/next April/a few days ago/the day before yesterday/when
I was young.
38
3.1.2 COMPREENDER O PRETRITO IMPERFEITO

| Form
The past continuous is formed with the auxiliary verb to be in the simple past form was/were + the
ing form of the main verb.
I
was working
You
were working
Negative sentences
He
She
It
was working
wasnt
You
werent
He
She
wasnt
working
It
We
We
They
werent
They
were working
Question forms
Were
Were
you
he
Was
she
working?
it
we
Were
they
| Points of time in the past

We use the past continuous to talk about an action or activity that was in progress at a particular
moment of time in the past:
At 3.15 yesterday afternoon, Mr. Marks was travelling to Italy.
| Interrupted past action
We can use the past continuous to talk about an action or an activity that was already in progress,
and which was interrupted by another action:
He was checking the accounts when he spotted the error.
39
We can rephrase this sentence using while + the past continuous:

While he was checking the accounts he spotted the error.
The activity may or may not continue after the interruption:
James was writing a report when his boss asked him to make a phone call.
(James made the phone call and probably afterwards continued writing the report)
James was writing a report when the fire broke out.
(James stopped writing the report and left the office)
| Sequence of tenses
With a time clause like when the phone rang, we can use either the past continuous or the past
simple.
The past continuous tells us what was happening up to the point when the phone rang:
when the phone rang, I was talking to a client.
The past simple tells us what happened afterwards:
when the phone rang, I answered it.
Exercise 1
Use past simple of the verbs in the box to fill in the gaps.
accept complain hire place realize study visit
1. Oh, Im sorry to disturb you, I ____________________ you had a visitor.

2. ______________ you _____________economics when you were at university?
3. She ____________________ the job because the salary was too low.
4. Last week a number of customers ____________________ about the slow service.
5. _______________ you _______________ the Acropolis when you were in Greece?
6. Im writing with reference to the order I ________________ with you last week.
7. At last years launch party, who _____________ you ________ to do the catering?
40
Exercise 2
Make questions and complete each answer by using IN/ON/AT. See the example.
1. When/Este Lauder/born? When was Este Lauder born?
She was born in 1908
2. When/she/marry/Joseph Lauder? _________________________________________
She married him _______ January 15, 1930.
3. When/they/have/first child? _____________________________________________
They had their first child _______ March 1933.
4. When/she/set up/company? ____________________________________________
She set up the company ________ the end of World War II.
5. When/she/get/first big break? ___________________________________________
She got her first big break _______ 1948.
6. When/Leonard/take over/CEO? _________________________________________
He took over as CEO ______ 1982.
Exercise 3
Complete the text by using the past simple or the past continuous. See the example.
ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS
Although companies spend billions of dollars on research and development, new products
sometimes come about just by chance.
SAFETY GLASS the idea of safety glass came to a French scientist, Edouard Benedictus, in
1903. He was working (work) in his laboratory one night when he suddenly _____________ (knock)
over a glass jar containing celluloid. The glass broke, but did not shatter because it stuck to the
celluloid, and this led to the idea of safety glass two sheets of glass with a central sheet of celluloid.
TEFLON Roy Plunkett ________________ (make) the first batch of Teflon while he
_______________ (work) for Du Pont. He ___________________ (carry) out research into coolant
gases when he ____________ (leave) one batch in a container overnight. He came back the next
day to find that the gas had turned into Teflon, the slipperiest substance in the world.
PFIZERS LUCKY BREAK Scientists at Pfizers laboratory in England _____________ (test) a
new heart drug called Viagra when they _____________ (realize) that, although it was of little use in
treating heart problems, it had some unexpected side-effects. The result was a hugely successful
new product that has probably done more to save the rhinoceros than anything else in history.
41
Exercise 4
Read each set of information. Decide in which order they happened. Then write two new
sentences based on the information. See example.
1. His car broke down. He went the rest of the way by taxi. He was driving to Bonn for a
conference.
a) When his car broke down, he was driving to Bonn for a conference.
b) When his car broke down, he went the rest of the way by taxi.
2. We left the building. We were having a meeting. The fire alarm went off.
a) When ______________________________________________________________
b) When ______________________________________________________________
3. They took our company over. We were losing a lot of money. They made a lot of people
redundant.
a) When ______________________________________________________________
b) When ______________________________________________________________
4. My secretary went to meet him. I was having lunch in the canteen. Mr. Hope arrived.
a) When ________________________________________________________________
b) _____________________________________________________________________
5. Sir James arrived at the airport. He came straight to the office. The chauffeur was waiting.
a) When _______________________________________________________________
b) When _______________________________________________________________
3.2 Telephoning
| Tpicos
3.2.1. Telephoning Review
3.2.2. Starting and ending a phone call
3.2.3. Spelling, numbers and checking information
3.2.4. Leaving a message
3.2.5. Consolidation exercises
3.2.1. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELACIONADO COM TELEFONEMAS
| Making calls
You make a phone call or give someone a call/ring.
You phone/call/ring someone (not phone/call/ring to someone).
You can also say ring/phone someone up.
42
Can I make a call to my secretary please?

You say that you are on the phone when youre talking to someone.
When you say call back to means that you will call again later.
You dial a number when you press the buttons on a phone in order.
You need a code to call a different city/country.
In an office, the number of a particular phone or office is an extension.
You ask to be put through to the person you want to speak to if you first speak to the receptionist.
You hold the line while waiting to be connected.
Could you put me through to finance please?
Yes, please hold the line.
| Problems
You say that youve got the wrong number if you dial a number that is incorrect
If you dont succeed in making a call, you say you cant get through (because the line is
engaged/busy) This means that someone is already talking on the phone.
You also say cant get through if there is a problem with the telephone line.
If you want someone to speak more loudly, you ask them to speak up.
If the signal is bad/weak, you cant hear the other person clearly.
If you didnt understand what the other person said, you can say I didnt catch that.
The signal on my mobile phone is weak. I didnt catch that. Can you repeat it please?
| Saying who you are
When you want to say who you are over the phone, use its and your name. You can use this is
(name) from (name of the organization) when you make a call and introduce yourself.
Hello, this is Mark Bold from Fineline here. NOT Hello, Im Mark Bold
You say is that and a persons name to ask who you are speaking to. You say yes speaking to
confirm who you are.
Hello is that Mrs. Ellas? Yes, speaking.
| Messages
You take a message when you take information from a caller and give it to someone else. You
leave a message when the person you want to speak to isnt there. You can leave a message on an
answer phone or on someones voicemail. You can also pass on a message or pass a message on
to someone.
I left several messages on your voicemail. Could you pass on a message to mark in Finance?
43
3.2.2. INICIAR E TERMINAR UM TELEFONEMA

| Starting informal calls
Hello
Is Karen there? /
Is that Karen?
Speaking.
Hi Karen, Its John here
| Starting
formalHow
calls
Hello, John.
are you?
Hello. Could/Can I speak to Ms.

Megan, please?
Whos calling please?
My names Vic Stone. Im
calling from Inphone in London.
One moment please. Ill put you
through.
Thank you.
Laura Megan.
Good morning Ms Megan. My

names.
44
| Ending calls
C) Good/Nice to talk to you
A) Ill phone/call again next week.
D) Thanks/Thank you for

calling/phoning
B) See you on Thursday

at the meeting
in Rome.
E) Bye
Goodbye
3.2.3.SOLETRAR NUMEROS E CONFIRMAR INFORMAO

| Telephone alphabet
When someone spells (=says how to write) a word on the phone, it can be difficult to hear the
difference between these letters:
B and P
F and S
B and V
I and Y
D and T
M and N
| Spelling
Can you spell that

please?
My name is Nora Laker.
Yes, Its Nora: N for November, O for

Oscar, R for Romeo, A for Alpha.
Im calling from Maggs Lind, in London
Is that M-A-G-S?
No, M-A-double G-S, new word, Lind
L-I-N-D.
45
NOTE:
Make sure that you know the English names for these letters:
A and R
C and S
E and J O and U
G and J K and Q
I and Y
V and W
Email addresses are spelled the following way:

Mark.Frank@hfr.co.uk
Mark dot Frank at hfr dot co dot uk
| Numbers
You can say telephone numbers in groups of numbers. Your voice goes up for each group, except
for the last group, when your voice goes down.
00
Double oh
44
double four
20
9422
two oh nine four double two
5483
five four eight three
| Showing understanding
Show when you understand what is said to you.
Im phoning from ASB in Amsterdam

Right.
Could you ask Mark to send me a fax

with the numbers
Its very important
46
Ok, Ill do
that
I understand
| Checking & confirming information
My name is Andrews
Im sorry. My name is Andrews

One. A-N-D-R-E-W-S. The
company is Gools
Sorry, I didnt get that. Could you

speak more slowly please?
Is that one s or two?
Can you spell that please?

________
___
Sorry, I cant hear you. Could

you speak up, please
Yes, of course. The number
is 425 478 66 88
So that is 425 478 66 88.
Confirming
Thats it / Thats right.
3.2.4. DEIXAR UMA MENSAGEM

| Useful expressions
A: A person receiving a call:
Im sorry hes on another call.
Im afraid shes not here at the moment.
Can I take a message? (= you want to write down a message from the caller)
Which company are you calling from?
47
B: A person making a call:

Can / Could I leave a message? (=you want to give a message)
Can / Could you ask her to call me back tomorrow?
Can / Could you ask him to phone me as soon as possible?
| Leaving a message
Here follows a conversation between two people. One is receiving a message and the other one is
leaving a message.
A: Mark Johnsons Office
B: Hello. Can I speak to Mr. Johnson please?
A: Im sorry, hes in a meeting. Can I take a message?
B: Yes, please. My name is Marion Omar.
A: Can I have your number?
B: Yes, Its 22 458 78 36.
A: 22 458 .
B: 78 36.
A: 78 36. So thats 22 458 78 36.
B: Thats right. Could you ask him to call me back? Its very urgent.
A: Ill give him a message.
B: Thank you very much. Goodbye.
A: Goodbye.
Exercise 1
Listen to the extract from the recording and complete the missing information on the message
pads below:
Telephone message
For:_______________
time of call: ______________
Caller: ___________________
Company: ________________
Phone number_______________________
Message: ___________________________
48
Exercise 2
Listen and complete the script below by writing down all the phrases used by Dominique
Peron to block the caller.
TGC: Bonjour, ici La TCG
Walter Barry: Good morning, Walter Barry, here, calling from London. Could I speak to Monsieur Le
Grand, please?
TGC: Whos calling please?
Walter: Im sorry, Walter Barry, from London.
TGC: Er, _______ __________ _________ _________, please?
Walter: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company,
LCP, Liquid Control, Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. I
would like to speak to M. Le Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC protect itself from
such problems and save money at the same time.
TGC: Yes, I see. Well M. Le Grand __________ __________ __________ _________
____________.
Walter: Can you tell him when I could reach him?
TGC: Hes __________ ___________ __________ __________ _________ _________ __________
, then _________ __________ __________ in New York. So its difficult to give you a time.
Walter: Could you ask him to ring me?
TGC: _________ __________ ____________ ___________ _________ __________, hes _______
__________ ___________ ___________.
Walter: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?
TGC: Who in particular?
Walter: A colleague for example?
TGC: You are speaking to his Personal Assistant. I can deal with calls for M. Le Grand.
Walter: Yes, welleryescould I ring him tomorrow?
TGC: No _______ __________ __________ ___________ ___________ ________ __________.
Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details of your products and services, together with
references from other companies and then well contact you.
Walter: Yes, thats very kind. I have your address.
TGC: Very good, Mr er er
Walter: Barry, Walter Barry from LCP in London.
TGC: Right Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.
Walter: Thank you. Goodbye.
TGC: Bye.
49
Exercise 3
Use the pairs of words in the box to complete the sentences

Disturbed+hold
Possible+answer
expecting+pick up
busy+ring
real+unplug
important+swith on
1. If Im ___________, I just let the phone ____________.

2. If I dont want to be ___________, I tell my secretary to ___________ all my calls.
3. If _____________, I try to ____________ the phone before the fourth ring.
4. If Im _______________, a call from the boss, I _____________ the phone immediately.
5. If Im in the middle of something ____________, I _____________ the answer phone.
6. If Im having a ______________ crisis, I ____________ the damn thing!
Exercise 4
Match the questions to the answers.
1. whos calling please?
a) no, C-O-double L-I-N-S
2. Can you spell that please?
b) John Collins and Associates.
3. Which company are you phoning from?
c) T-A-N-Y-A- new word H-U-L-L
4. Is that C-O-L-I-N-S?
d) Tanya Hull
Exercise 5
What do you say in the following situations?
1: You understand what the caller is saying. (3 expressions)
2: The other person is speaking too fast.
3: You cant hear the other person.
4: Youre not sure how to write a name.
5: You want someone to say the word again.
6: You confirm some information.
Exercise 6
Write the conversation below.
Sophie
Give your number
Repeat it
50
Louis
Say you cant hear
Confirm the number
EX 1:TELEPHONING
1.
(ring ring)
Media:
Gerda Hoeness:
Hello, Media Publishing, good morning.

Oh hello. My names Gerda Graff from Frankfurt. I d like to
speak to Mr Brown please.
Media:
Oh Im sorry Mr Pavlov is not here at the moment.

Can I er could I have your name again, please?
Gerda Hoeness:
Yes, Gerda Hoeness, thats GERDA Gerda and

Hoeness, spelt GRAFF.
Media:
Yes, Ms Graff, from Frankfurt?
Gerda Hoeness:
Thats right. Could you ask him to call me when hes got a moment?
Media:
Yes Ill ask him to do that. Does he have your number?
Gerda Hoeness:
Yes, I think so, but in any case its 49-69-75-45-22.
Media:
Ill repeat that - 49-69-75-45-22.
Gerda Hoeness:
Correct.
Media:
Okay, thanks for calling. Mr Brown will call you later today.
Gerda Hoeness:
Oh thats very good. Many thanks.
EX2:
TGC: Bonjour, ici La TCG
Walter Barry: Good morning, Walter Barry, here, calling from London. Could I speak to Monsieur Le
Grand, please?
TGC: Whos calling please?
Walter: Im sorry, Walter Barry, from London.
TGC: Er, what is it about, please?
Walter: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant. My own company,
LCP, Liquid Control, Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing. I
would like to speak to M. Le Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC protect itself from
such problems and save money at the same time.
TGC: Yes, I see. Well M. Le Grand is not available just now.
Walter: Can you tell him when I could reach him?
TGC: Hes very busy for the next few days , then hell be away in New York. So its difficult to give you
a time.
Walter: Could you ask him to ring me?
TGC: I dont think I could do that, hes very busy just now.
Walter: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?
TGC: Who in particular?
Walter: A colleague for example?
51
TGC: You are speaking to his Personal Assistant. I can deal with calls for M. Le Grand.
Walter: Yes, welleryescould I ring him tomorrow?
TGC: No Im sorry he wont be free tomorrow. Listen, let me suggest something. You send us details
of your products and services, together with references from other companies and then well contact
you.
Walter: Yes, thats very kind. I have your address.
TGC: Very good, Mr er er
Walter: Barry, Walter Barry from LCP in London.
TGC: Right Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from you.
Walter: Thank you. Goodbye.
TGC: Bye.
52
UNIDADE 4
5.1.
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer os sectores da produo e dos servios, assim como
a voz passiva.
| Tpicos
- MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES
- PASSIVE VOICE
- WHERE IS IT MADE / WHERE IS IT SOLD
4.1. Manufacturing and services
| Tpicos
4.1.1. Industry and Manufacturing

4.1.2. Countries and their industries
4.1.3. Exercises
4.1.1. COMPREENDER OS DOIS SECTORES: PRODUO E SERVIOS
| Industry
Industry (uncountable) is the production of materials and goods. The related adjective is industrial.
An industry (countable) is a particular type of business activity, not necessarily production.
| Manufacturing
Here are some of the manufacturing industries that make up the manufacturing sector:
53
aerospace
cars (BrE)
automobiles (AmE)
computer hardware
construction
defence (BrE)
defense (AmE)
food processing
household goods
pharmaceuticals
steel
textiles
planes and space vehicles

cars
computers, printers, etc.
buildings
arms, weapons
canned,
frozen foods, etc.
washing machines,
refrigerators, etc.
medicines
a stronger, more useful
metal than iron
cloth and clothes
| Services
Here are some of the services or service industries that make up the service sector:
catering
restaurants, bars, etc.
computer software
programs for computers
financial services
banking, insurance, etc.
healthcare
medical care
leisure
media
property (BrE)
real estate (AmE)
retail
sport, theme parks, etc.

books, newspapers,
film, television
buying, selling and
managing buildings
shops
telecommunications
phone, Internet services
tourism
travel and holidays
Note: You use all these words in front of 'industry' to talk about particular industries, but you usually
drop the 's' from 'cars', 'automobiles', 'pharmaceuticals' and 'textiles': 'the automobile industry:
54
4.1.2. COMPREENDER A EVOLUO DAS INDUSTRIAS
| Countries and their industries

Here is how industry has developed in South Korea:
1950s and 60s
In 1950, South Korea was a poor country, with most people living and working on the land. The
government decided to industrialize, and the new emerging industries were textiles, and
heavy industries like steel and shipbuilding.
1970s
Then South Korea turned more and more to light industries like electronics, making electrical
goods such as televisions cheaply. It also started producing cars.
1980s and 90s

South Korea moved into specialized electronics in the 80s. This was the one of the growth
industries of the 1990s: making specialized parts for computers and telecommunications
equipment.
4.1.3. EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAAO
|Exercise 1
Companies in particular industries need to avoid particular problems. March each problem to
one of the industries we referred to previously.
1 Buying a new building and being unable to find people to rent it. ____________________
2
Causing
public
anger
by
building
mobile
phone
masts
in
beautiful
countryside.
______________________
3 Making vehicles whose tyres burst at high speed. ________________________
4 Holidaymakers arriving to find that their hotel is not finished. _______________________
55
5 Lending to someone who cannot repay the loan. _________________________

6 Selling weapons to governments that people do not approve of. __________________________
7 Buying players who do not score goals. __________________________
8 Making drugs that poor countries cannot afford. ________________________
9 Rejecting a book that is then brought out by another publisher and sells 30 million copies.
_________________________
10 Removing the wrong leg in an operation. ____________________________
|Exercise 2
Complete the crossword.
Across
Down
1 Plane and rocket industry. (9 letters)
1 Making cars in the USA: the
3 Metal industry. (5)
_________________ industry. (10 letters)
4 Any industry that doesnt sell goods. (7)
2 Making weapons (BrE). (7)
6 Making things. (13)
5 Serving food and drink, rather than making
8 Television, music, the Internet. (5)
them. (8)
9 Related to industry or industries. (10)
7 Keeping people well: __________ care. (6)
11 Describing a new industry. (8)
10 Making televisions rather than steel:
12 Describing an industry that is getting
______________ industry. (5)
bigger. (6)
13 Making drugs. (15)
56
4.2. PASSIVE VOICE
| Tpicos
4.2.1. Present Passive

4.2.2. Past Passive
4.2.3. Exercises
8.2.1. COMPREENDER A VOZ PASSIVA (PRESENTE)
| Form

You make the present passive with 'is' or 'are' + the past participle (= third form) of the verbs
Some verbs are irregular.
They sell the products in supermarkets.
in supermarkets.
Move to start
of sentence.
Use is for singular

or are for plural, and
add the past participle
of the verb.
57
The product
It
The products
They
is
sold in supermarkets.
are
Negative sentences
The product
It
The products
They
is not
are not
Question forms
Is
the product
Are
it
the products
they
Where
When
Why
How
is
the product
are
it
the products
they
sold in supermarkets?
sold?
Examples:
The product is manufactured in China.
The vegetables are flown to Europe.
The goods are stored in warehouses before they are sold.
Where are your favorite clothes made? Where do you buy them? How are they
transported there?
58
4.2.2. COMPREENDER A VOZ PASSIVA (PASSADO)
Form
You make the past passive with 'was' or 'were' + the past participle (= third form) of
the verb.
Some verbs are irregular.
The product
It
The products
They
was
were
was not
Negative sentences
The product
It
The products
They
were not
Question forms
Was
the product
Were
it
sold in supermarkets?
the products
they
Where
was
the product
When
Why
How
were
it
sold?
the products
they
59
Examples:
It was developed at an IBM centre in Florida.
The disks were produced in Singapore.
Where was the screen made?
When were the first PCs produced?
Where was it all put together?
4.2.3. EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAOE

XERC IOS DE CONSOLIDAAO E EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAAO XERCCIOS DE
CONSOLIDAAO DE CONSOLIDAAO ERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAAO
|Exercise 1
Write passive sentences in Simple Present.

1. the documents / print ____________________________________________
2. the shoes / buy _________________________________________________
3. the car / produce ________________________________________________
4. the litter / throw away _________________________________________________
5. the food / eat / not _______________________________________________
6. the machine / use / not ____________________________________________
|Exercise 2
Put the verb in parentheses () into the passive voice. Use PAST SIMPLE passive only.
1. This recipe __________________ (introduce) to Europe by the famous explorer Marco Polo.
2. This frozen dessert ________________ (think) to have been developed by the Chinese but recent
research shows that it was first made in India.
3.
The ice cream vendor talked with the waffle-maker and an agreement __________ (make).
4. This frozen dessert ________________ (call) FROGURT.

5. Then, the ice cream ________________ (place) inside the cone.
6. The waffles _______________ (use) as serving dishes for the ice cream.
7. The people at the World's Fair ______________ (delight) by this delicious combination.
60
4.3. WHERE IS IT MADE? / WHERE IS IT SOLD?

| Topics
4.3.1. Manufactured products and food products

4.3.2. Shops and stores and direct sales
4.3.3. Exercises
4.3.1. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRO RELACIONADO COM OS PRODUTOS
PRODUZIDOS
| Manufactured products
Look at this Samson 3000 DVD player. Where's it made? (= Where is it made?)
It is
It's
They are
They're
made
manufactured
It's shipped to the United States
in a
factory
plant
in China.
It's stored in a warehouse.
61
It's distributed to a retailer:

usually an electrical goods shop.
| Food products
These vegetables are grown in East Africa.

They are picked by hand.
They are loaded on planes the same

day and they are flown to Europe.
They are unloaded and stored in warehouses, but only for a short time
They are sold in supermarkets two days after they are picked. They are bought by customers in
Europe and North America.
62
4.3.2. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO REATIVO S LOJAS E VENDA

DIRECTA
| Shops and stores

You can buy food, clothes and sometimes other products in a supermarket. You can use a trolley and
you pay at a checkout or till.
A convenience store is a small shop that is open from very early to very late. In the UK, a corner
shop is a convenience store near your home, on the comer of two streets.
A chain store is one of a number of shops with the same name. These shops are all part of a chain
(= group of stores owned by one company).
A department store is a large shop usually in a city centre. It sells many types of goods in
departments or sections - for example clothes and furniture - on several floors.
A mall or shopping mall is a large building outside a town with many shops and a big car park.
BrE: shop;
AmE: store;
BrE: shopping trolley;
AmE: shopping cart.
| Direct sales
Some manufacturers use direct sales - selling to the customer without using a shop.
You can buy things by mail order. You choose from a catalogue and order by post or on the
phone.
With internet shopping you buy things over the internet using the seller's website. Buying and
selling like this is also called e-commerce.
63
|Exercise 1
Complete the table.
Base form (infinitive)
Third form (past

participle)
buy
distribute
fly
grow
load
make
manufacture
sell
ship
store
unload
|Exercise 2
Complete the sentences.

1 In a supermarket, you pay ................ the checkout.
2 More and more books are sold.................the internet.
3 When you buy clothes ................ mail order, you choose ............... a catalogue.
4 You can order .................post or ................the phone.
LEMBRETE
64
UNIDADE 5
5.1.
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer o vocabulrio relativo s caractersticas dos produtos,
instrues de funcionamento e ainda problemas ps-venda
| Tpicos
- PRODUCT DETAILS;
- PRODUCT INSTRUCTIONS;
- PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS.
5.1. PRODUCT DETAILS
| Tpicos
5.1.1. Word combinations with product, dimensions, and features.
5.1.2. Exercises
65
5.1.1.
COMPREENDER
O
VOCABULRIO
CARACTERISTICAS DO PRODUTO
RELATIVO
DIMENSES
| Word combinations with product

catalogue (BrE)
catalog (AmE)
mix
a companys products, as a group
portfolio
PRODUCT
line
range
a companys products of a particular type
Iifecycle
the stages in the life of a product, and the number of
positioning
how a company would like a product to be seen in
people who buy it at each stage

relation to its other products, or to competing products
placement
when a company pays for its products to be seen in

films and TV programmes
| Dimensions
A journalist is talking to the marketing manager of Samson, a mobile phone company.
The product is coming out (= Samson is selling it for the first time) next month.
Journalist:
What is the Samson 500? What does it do?
Marketing manager:
Its a mobile phone and its also a small computer.
Journalist:
What are its dimensions?
Marketing manager: Its 10 centimetres by 10 centimetres, and 1 centimetre thick.

Journalist:
Thats an interesting shape!
Marketing manager: Yes, its not rectangular. Its square.
66
Journalist:
How big is the screen?
Marketing manager:
The screen is 5 centimetres wide by 7 centimetres long.
Journalist:
How much does it weigh?
Marketing manager:
Its not heavy its very light. It weighs only 120 grams.
BrE: millimetre, centimetre, metre;

AmE: millimeter, centimeter, meter
| Features
The journalist asks about the features (= important points) of the Samson 500.
Journalist:
Marketing manager:
How fast is the computer in the Samson 500?

Its very fast. It works at very high speeds.
Journalist:
Marketing manager:
What does it do?

It stores names and addresses, you can write notes on it and it has a
Journalist:
clock with an alarm.

Is it easy to use?
Marketing manager:
Yes, very easy. You dont need to read the book that comes with it!
67
|Exercise 1
Match the sentence beginnings (17) with the correct endings (ag).
1. Banks are adding new types of accounts
2. Apple is going to simplify its product Iine
3. Consumers have mixed feelings about supermarkets
4. When BMW bought Rover,
5. The new law will ban product placement
6. Following the launch of the Series 5 laptop, consumers were slow to understand
7. With this type of equipment in the US,
a. product life cycles are so short that product launches are very frequent.
b. its product positioning in relation to Psions existing hardware products.
c. it changed its product range towards more expensive cars.
d. of cigarettes in movies.
e. extending their product portfolio into financial services.
f. and deliver fewer but more competitive models.
g. to their product mix.
1____ 2_____3_____4_____5______6______7______
68
|Exercise 2
Complete the tables with vocabulary related to dimensions and features.
Adjective
Noun
long
length
width
thickness
square
rectangle
Verb
Noun
weight
|Exercise 3
Complete the sentences with words from the previous exercise. Look at the picture.
1. The screen is 105 centimetres_____________.

The _____________ of the screen is 105 centimetres.
2. Its ________________is 4 centimetres. Its 4 centimetres _____________
3. Its not square. Its _________________.
4. It ______________ 20 kilograms.
69
|Exercise 4
Complete the sentences.
70
5.2. PRODUCT INSTRUCTIONS
| Tpicos
5.2.1. Instructions
5.2.2. Exercises
5.2.1. COMPREENDER AS INSTRUES DE FUNCIONAMENTO DOS PRODUTOS
| FolIow the instructions

1. Key in your PIN number.
2. Put your ticket into the slot.
3. Push the door to open.
71
4. Turn the key to start.
5. Plug the cable into a socket.
6. Insert your card.
7. Select a language.
72
| Press the button

To play a CD:
1. To switch on, press the On button.
2. Take the CD out of the box.
3. Put the CD into the tray.
4. Press the Close button.
5. Then press the Play button.
6. To stop the disc, press the Stop button.
73
|Exercise 1
Now write the instructions for each of the products and machines.
Example:
a. ticket barrier
Put your ticket into the slot.
b. lemon squeezer
c. cash machine
d. car
e. office door
|Exercise 2
Put the instructions for recording a DVD into the correct order.
To record a DVD:
74
1____ 2_____3_____4_____5______6______7______
5.3. PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS
| Tpicos
5.3.1. Faults and garantees

5.3.2. Exercises
5.3.1. COMPREENDER OS PROBLEMAS E DEFEITOS DOS PRODUTOS
| Faults
Antonia is having problems with her DVD player. She phones the call centre (= office giving help on
the telephone) of the chain store where she bought it.
Sharon:
Service department. How can I help?
Antonia:
I have a problem with my DVD player. It broke down (= stopped working) last week.
Sharon:
What make and model number is it?
Antonia:
Its a Samson DVD 7000.
Sharon:
What exactly is the fault (= technical problem)?
Antonia:
When I press the button, the tray doesnt open.
Sharon:
How old is the DVD player?
Antonia:
I bought it last year.
Sharon:
OK, you can send it back by post for repair (the company will make it work again).
Samson guarantee (= promise to repair or replace) their products for two years.
Antonia:
Thats difficult. I dont have the box.
Sharon:
Dont worry. You can take it back to the shop. Where did you buy it?...
75
| Guarantees
The company repair the DVD player and return it to Antonia, but it breaks down again.
She phones the call centre again.
Sharon:
Service department. How can I help?
Antonia:
My DVD player broke down last month. You repaired it, but it broke down again yesterday.
Sharon:
Whats the fault now?
Antonia:
I can play DVDs, but I cant record.
Sharon:
Is it still under guarantee (= in the time period of the guarantee)?
Sharon:
Yes, I only bought it six months ago.
Antonia:
OK. Because its broken down again, well give you a replacement a brand new
(a completely new) machine.
Antonia:
76
Thats great!
|Exercise 1
Match the two parts of the sentences.
1. This product is brand
a. with your new kitchen equipment, just give us a call.
2. This TV is still under
b. down two days after I bought it!
3. If you have a problem
c. new. I bought it yesterday.
4. My CD player broke
d. back to the shop.
5. When my new phone stopped
e. guarantee. Its less than two years old.
working, I sent it
|Exercise 2
Complete the sentences with words and phrases from the box.
breaks down
call centre
guarantee
under guarantee
take it back
repair
replacement
fault
1. We________________ our products for two years.

2. If the product doesnt work, ___________ ________ ____________ to the shop where you bought
it.
3. If the shop cant help you, phone our ___________ ______________
4. If there is still a _____________, send the product back to us. We will _______________ it.
5. If the product_____________ ____________ again while it is still _________ _________, send it
back to us and we will send you a ________________ .
77
78
UNIDADE 6
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer o Present Perfect e a estrutura de uma empresa.
| Tpicos
- PRESENT PERFECT;
- WORK AND NUMBERS
- COMPANY STRUCTURE;
- CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES
6.1 Present Perfect

| Tpicos
6.1.1 Present Perfect

6.1.2. Exercises
6.1.1 O PRESENT PERFECT

| Form
The present Perfect tense is formed by using the present tens of the auxiliary have and the past
participle. For negatives and questions we also use the present tense of the auxiliary have and the past
participle.
Ex: I have taken
I have not taken
Have I taken
You have taken

He/she/it has taken
You havent taken

He hasnt taken
Have you taken

Has he taken
We have taken
They have taken
We havent taken
They havent taken
Have we taken
Have they taken
79
| Present result of the past

The present perfect often links a present situation with something that happened at an unspecified
time in the past. Therefore we do not use specific time expressions such as yesterday, last week, in
1998, two days ago, etc.
I have given your report to the MD.
(past action: I gave her your report yesterday. Present result: she has the report now)
| Specific and non-specific time
If we say when something happened, we use the past simple, not the present perfect:
Wrong: I have spoken to her yesterday
Right: I spoke to her yesterday
Similarly, with expressions such as on Monday, in 1984, at 2.20, etc. or questions beginning with
when? And How long ago?, we use the past simple and not the present perfect.
| Just
The present perfect is often used with the word just to talk about very recent news or actions that
have taken place very recently. Again, the exact time is not mentioned:
Im sorry, Mr. Banks is not here. He has just left.
| Ever and never + present perfect or past simple
The present perfect is often used with the words ever and never to talk about general life
experience:
Have you ever worked abroad?
I have never been to South Africa.
The present perfect with ever is often followed by the past simple. We use the past simple to give
more information about a completed action, when referring to a specific time or context:
Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
Yes, I have. I worked there when I was with Liam & Honlong.
| Already and yet
Already is used in positive sentences. It often indicates that something has taken place slightly
earlier than expected.
She has already shown the figures to the boss.
Yet is used in questions and negatives. It shows that we expect that an action will take place if it has
not happened up to now.
Have you talked to Peter yet?
I havent talked to him yet.
| Finished and unfinished periods of time
The present perfect is often used with words or phrases indicating a period of time that have not
finished yet. Examples: today, this morning, this month, this year, so far, to date, over the last few days,
up to now, recently etc.
80
| For or since?
We use for to talk about the duration of periods of time and since to talk about when a period started.
Since 8.00
12.00
For 3 hours
(now)
FUTURE
For: ten minutes / four days / three months / two years / a long time / ages / etc.
th
Since: 11.20 / Monday / the 18 / last week / June / 1989 / I left school / etc.
Ive been with this company for 2 years.
I have been in Marketing ince the beginning of 2005.
6.1.2.EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO
Exercise 1
Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs into the present perfect.
1. Im going to send them a reminder. They ________________ (not pay) us for their last order.
2. Some of these shares ______________ (fall) by over 80% and they are not stable.
3. ________________ (you/write) to them about our order, or do you want me to phone them?
4. We _______________ (spend) a lot of money on buying new machines, and now everything is
working very well.
5. Unemployment is very high here because the factories ______________ (shut) down.
6. The lawyers _____________ (draw) up the contracts, so that we can continue with the deal.
7. I_______________ (not/speak) with our doctor about the appointment, but Ill soon.
8. ________________ (you/find) somebody to replace our colleague, or are you still looking?
9. Marry ________________ (just/get) back from lunch. Why dont you call her now?
10. Peter, _______________(you/meet) Jane Fareway? Shes our new director.
81
Exercise 2
Read the following dialogues and fill in the gaps by using the Present Perfect or Past Simple.
1. A: _____Have you ever been____ (you/ever/been) to Kyoto?
B: Yes, I have. I ____went______ (go) there last year.
A: How long ______________ (you/stay)?
.B: I ______________ (be) only there for a couple of days for a meeting
2. A: ____________________ (you/ever/be) to Europe?
B: Yes, I have. We _______________ (have) a skiing holiday in the Alps last year.
A: Which resort ______________ (you/go) to?
B: We _______________ (go) to Wengen.
3. A: ________________ (you/ever/be) to one of Duro Barrosos seminars?
B: Yes, I have. I ____________ (go) to one a few month ago.
A: What _____________ (it/be) like?
B: I ____________ (think) it _______________ (be) very interesting.
4. A: _________________ (you/ever/visit) Frankfurt?
B: No, I ______________ (never/visit) Germany, but I ____________ (be) France.
A: Really. When ______________ (you/do) that?
B: I _______________ (go) there two months ago.
Exercise 3
Some of these sentences are correct and some are not. Put a next to the ones that are right,
and correct the ones that are wrong. See the example.
1. I am here since last week.
__I have been here _________
2. Ive had the same company car for two years.

______________________________________
3. I know Mia since we were at INSEAD together.
______________________________________
4. How long are you with Microsoft.
______________________________________
5. We have had an office in Sidney for several years.
______________________________________
6. She has an account with SGFD bank since 1998.
______________________________________
7. PCT is in financial difficulties for several months.
______________________________________
8. How long has the office been vacant.
______________________________________
82
Exercise 4
Fill in the blanks with for or since. See the example.
1. They have operated as joint directors since the company started.
2. Orders have risen _______ the start of the new TV ad campaign in June.
3. Our sales executives have used the same hotel ________ over 20 years.
4. I cant get hold of James. He has been in a meeting _______ 8.00.
5. When I joined the company, I worked in the NY branch ________ six months.
6. Car prices have fallen __________ the introduction of the new EU directive.
7. We have done all our business in Euros _________ 2002.
8. It isnt a new Mercedes. He has had it ________ several years.
6.2 Company structure

| Tpicos
6.2.1 Work and numbers

6.2.2. Managers, executives and directors
6.2.3. Consolidation Exercises
6.2.1 EMPREGO E NUMEROS

| How many employees are there?
Interviewer:
How many employees are there at KPN?
Mary Knope:
Approximately 5,000 I think the exact figure is 5,234.
Interviewer:
And how many shops are there?
Mary Knope:
Interviewer:
There are 54 shops in Holland and 14 in Europe.

Is there one in Brussels.
Mary Knope:
Yes, there is.
Interviewer:
Mary Knope:
Interviewer:
Mary Knope:
Are there many offices?

Theres one head office and there are 5 other offices.
And how many hours a week do your employees work?
The full-time employees work 36 hours a week on average, including
overtime.
83
| Sites
Interviewer:
Mary Knope:
Wheres KPNs head office?

KPNs head office is in Amsterdam. About 95 people work there, mostly top
Interviewer:
Mary Knope:
Managers.
How many other sites are there?
Well, we have the other offices, the store branches (=different stores) and five
other sites which are our warehouses. We keep the products there before they
go to the stores.
Interviewer:
Mary Knope:
So how many sites are there approximately.

There are 9 offices, 78 branches and 8 warehouses, so there are approximately
90 sites altogether.
6.2.2. GESTORES, EXECUTIVOS E DIRECTORES

| Managers and employees
This is part of the organization chart for Airjet, a company that makes planes. The managers are
in charge of different activities. For example, the research and development director is in charge of
developing products.
Chief executive
Finance director
Research and
Development director
employees
NOTE:
Manager = formal
Boss = informal
84
Production manager
Sales director
| Managing departments
James Lunt is responsible for sales at Airjet. There are 25 people who work under James 24
salespeople and his personal assistant, Mark. Mark helps James with his work. For example, Mark is
responsible for James meetings.
Sales Director
James Lunt
Personal Assistant
Mark
24 salespeople
| Managers and executives: UK
Non-executive directors
Chairman/chairwoman
Chief executive / managing director
*
Chief financial officer/
Finance director
**
Accounts department
manager
marketing
director
Sales
manager
Human resources
director
IT
director
Research
director
Customer services
manager
Line managers
*Senior executives / top executives / executive directors

** Middle managers
85
All the directors together are the board. They meet in the boardroom.
Non-executive directors are not managers of the company; they are outsiders, often directors of
other companies who have particular knowledge of the industry or particular areas.
The marketing director is the head of marketing, the IT director is the head of IT, etc. These people
head or head up their apartments. Informally, the head of an activity, a department or an organization is
its boss.
An executive or, informally, an exec, is usually a manager at quite a high level (for example, a senior
executive). But executive can be used in other contexts to suggest luxury, as in executive coach and
executive home, even for things that are not actually used by executives.
| Managers and executives: US
President
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Chief Operating Officer (COO)
Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Vice President (VP) marketing
Vice President (VP) human resources
Vice President (VP) research
Non-executive directors
Senior executives / top executives /

Executive directors
In the US, the top position may be that of a chairman, chairwoman or president. This job is often
combined with the position of chief executive officer or CEO. Some companies have a chief
operating officer to take care of the day-to-day running of the company. The finance director may be
called the chief financial officer.
In the US, senior managers in charge of particular areas are often called vice presidents (VPs)
86
| Managers people at the top
Senior: the senior people in an organization or profession have the highest and most
important jobs
Executive: 1. an executive is someone who is employed by business at a senior level.

Executives decide what the business should do, and ensure that it is done. 2. The executive
sections and tasks with the making of decisions and with ensuring that decisions are carried
out.
Non-executive: Someone who has non-executive position in a company or organization

gives advice but is not responsible for making decisions or ensuring that decisions are
carried out.
Director: The directors of a company are its most senior managers, who meet regularly to
make important decisions about how it will be run.
Board of directors: A companys board of directors is the group of people elected by its
shareholders to manage the company. The board of a company or organization is the group
of people who control and direct it.
Company secretary: He or she is a person whose job within a company is to keep legal
affairs, accounts and administration in order.
Chairman (woman/person): the chairman of a committee, meeting, organization is the

person in charge of it.
Managing director: he or she is the most important working director, and is in charge of the
way the company is managed.
CEO: The CEO of a company is the person who has overall responsibility for the
management of that company.
6.2.3 . EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO

Exercise 1
Use the terms in the box to complete the paragraph

Board of directors/board/senior executives/chief executive officer/managing director/secretary/chairman
People at the head of an organization are ____________________ or senior managers. The
_________________ is the person who has overall responsibility for the day-to-day running of an
organization. In case of a limited company the CEO is normally the ______________________,
appointed by the __________________ on the authority of its members. The same person is usually
the __________________ of meetings of the ___________________, i.e. the people who are legally
responsible for a company. The person responsible for keeping the minutes of board meetings is the
______________________.
87
Exercise 2
Match each of the roles 1-4 to the correct definition a-d.
1. director
2. Executive director
3. Non-executive director
4. Board of directors
a) A company director with a seat on the board who is also a salaried employee of the company, and
actively involved of the running of the company.
b) A director with a seat on the board who is not a working employee of the company, sometimes
brought onto the board for his or her specialist knowledge. He or she takes no part in the running of
the company.
c) The management committee of a limited company, the members of which are appointed by
shareholders whose interests they represent. They meet under the company chairman to decide on
major policy matters and the appointment of key managers.
d) A person who is appointed an elected officer of the company at the annual general meeting and
manages the company on behalf of the shareholders. He or she acts by resolutions made at meetings
of the board.
Exercise 3
Whos who on this company board?
My name is Montebello and Im president and CEO. We have some excellent people on our board,
including 2 who are not involved in the day-to-day running of the company: Gomi and Jones.
my names Smith and its my job to look after the accounts and balance the books. I work closely with
Chang and Roberts, as they tell me what their departments need for marketing and research, and I
allocate them an annual budget.
My names Dawes and I head up personnel, on the same level in the company as Chang and
Roberts.
Non-executive director
Montebello
___________________
88
___________________
__________________
___________________
Dawes
LEMBRETE
UNIDADE 7
5.1.
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer o vocabulrio relacionado com a correspondncia,
nomeadamente faxes, e-mails e cartas.
| Tpicos
- BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE: EMAIL, FAXES AND LETTERS;
- THE MESSAGE: EMAIL, FAXES AND LETTERS;
- EMAILS.
7.1. Business correspondence: Email, faxes and letters
| Tpicos
7.1.1. Ways of communicating

7.1.2. Beginnings and endings
7.1.3. Exercises
7.1.1. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELACIONADO COM FORMAS DE COMUNICAR.
| Ways of communicating
send
something
a document (= paper(s)
with written information,
e.g. a letter)
email
post
fax
to
something
someone
Carlos
Bestco
by
to
fax
post
email
courier (= a company
like Fedex or DHL)
someone
Carlos
Bestco
89
Ex.
I'll send it to you by fax.
Ill fax it to you.
write
send
receive / get
read
reply to
a letter
a message
a fax
an email
Ex.
I received the fax yesterday.
Please reply to this message as soon as possible.
I get over 50 emails every day.
7.1.2. COMPREENDER AS FORMAS DE INICIAR E CONCLUIR
| Beginnings and endings
Formal and informal

If you know someone well, you use an informal style. If you don't know the person or the
communication is very serious or official, you use a formal style. You need to think about formality when
you begin and end your writing.
Beginnings
More formal
Less formal
Dear Sir
Dear Mr Randall
Dear Jack
Dear Madam
Endings
Dear Ms Dunn / Dear Mrs Dunn
Dear Gina
90
More formal
Best regards
Less formal
Regards
Best wishes
All the best
Best
Yours sincerely
Yours faithfully
Yours
Note:
You use Yours faithfully only in BrE, when you dont know the persons name.
BrE: Yours sincerely

AmE: Sincerely
|Exercise 1
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

1 I've ___________ (written/got) five faxes this morning, but I haven't sent them yet.
2 I ______________ (replied/received) her letter yesterday.
3 There's no need to ________________ (read/reply) to this email.
4 I_____________ (got/posted) this email from Rita.
5 I've ____________ (written/read) your message, but I haven't ______________ (replied/sent) to it
yet.
6 I'll________________ (fax/reply) the information to her.
|Exercise 2
Kay Lumsden receives the messages below (1-5). Are they formal (F) or informal (I)?
1 Her colleague, Tom, asks Kay if she's free for lunch. __________
2 A journalist (Tony Kent) writes to ask her for an interview. ___________
3 Her friend, Serena, asks Kay if she's free for a game of tennis. ______________
4 A supplier that she doesn't know (Roger Olafsson) writes to ask Kay for a meeting. ____________
5 Janet Freeman, who doesn't know Kay's name, writes to ask for a job. _____________
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|Exercise 3
Write the beginning and ending of each message (1-5) in exercise 2 above.
1 (beginning) Dear Kay
(ending)
Best Wishes
Tom
2 (beginning) ____________________
(ending)
____________________
_____________________
3 (beginning) ___________________
(ending)
____________________
_____________________
4 (beginning) ___________________
(ending)
____________________
_____________________
5 (beginning) ___________________
(ending)
____________________
_____________________
92
7.2. THE MESSAGE: EMAIL, FAXES AND LETTERS
| Tpicos
7.2.1. Starting the message, future action, enclosures and attachments

7.2.2. Exercises
7.2.1. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO PARA ESCREVER UMA MENSAGEM
| Starting the message
Thanking someone
your email.
a very useful meeting yesterday.
Thank
you
(very
much) (Many) thanks
for
coming to Prague yesterday.

sending the information I asked
for.
Giving a reason for writing
I'm writing
This (emai1/faxlletter)
is
to
let you know our new contact

details.
tell you that I'm coming to
Boston next month.
confirm (= make sure you
know) the details of my trip.
93
| Future action
Would it be possible to postpone the meeting?
Could you send us the information as soon as possible?
Could you call me next week?
I look forward
to
hearing from you (= receiving

your reply).
seeing you in Budapest.
meeting your colleagues next
week.
Ill speak to you next week.

I'll call you as soon as possible.
Please let me know if you need anything else.
| Enclosures and attachments

Something that you send with a letter is an enclosure.
Something that you send with an email or a fax is an attachment.
You can write:
brochure
(=
pictures
and
information about a company or

Please find enclosed
I'm enclosing
Please find attached I'm
attaching
product).
a
map (= a drawing to show

where places are).
photo.
report (= a document describing
a particular subject).
94
|Exercise 1
Complete the message.
Dear Ms Howard
(1) ........
..........
........... agreeing to see me next week. (2) .....................
. .......... confirm details of my trip: I'm flying from London on

Thursday afternoon, 26 July, and staying at the Hilton in the centre of Cape Town.
(3) ......................
. send me a map showing where your company is?
4 ) attaching some information about my company, World Wine Imports.

Please (5) . . if you need any more information about
the company before the meeting.
I (6) to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely
Rita Sandoro
|Exercise 2
Match the situations (1-6) to the sentences (a-f).
1 You send a photo with an email.
a I'm enclosing some brochures.
2 You send information about your
b Please find attached a map.
products with a letter.
c I'm attaching a report
3 You send a drawing to show your
d I'm attaching a picture of our product.

e Please find enclosed a report
4 You send a document about a
f Im enclosing a map.
particular subject with a fax.

5 You send a drawing to show your
company's location with a letter.
6 You send information about a particular
subject with a letter.
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7.3. EMAILS
| Tpicos
7.3.1. Emails
7.3.2. Exercises
7.3.1. COMPREENDER A LINGUAGEM DOS EMAILS
| Email language
= send an email that you have

forward
received to someone else

an email
delete
= remove an email from your

computer
= send a copy of an email to other
copy
people at the same time
Could you forward Rita's email to me?
Don't delete the

email
it's
important
96
Im sending the information to John by email

Ill copy it to you.
| Informal emails
Sometimes emails are written quickly and are very informal. Here are some of the things you see in
informal emails:
Informal
Hi Rita
*Pleased to hear that you're coming to
Cape Town next Tuesday. I'll come and
pick you up at the airport.
Here's the brochure we talked about.
See you v. soon!
Best
Stephan
Formal
Dear Ms Sandoro
I am pleased to hear that you are
coming to Cape Town on 25 July. I will
come and pick you up at the airport.
Please find attached the brochure you
requested.
I look forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely
Stephan Howard
abbreviations
v. = very
contractions
I'll = I will
*missing words
Pleased to hear = I am pleased to hear
| Beginnings and endings

If you know someone very well, you can start and end the email with very informal language.
Sometimes you start the message with Hi or HelIo, or the person's name.
Hi Rita
Stephanie
Here are the documents you requested.
Thanks for the documents!
Best
Stephanie
Rita
97
|Exercise 1
Complete the email with words from the box.
Attachment
forward
deleted
To
email address
_______________: markwalker@bestco.uk
Subject
Cc (= copy)
From
_________________: tomhili@bestco.uk
_______________: davidjames@bestco.uk
_________________: Request for information
_________________: Sales report.doc
Dear Tom
Im attaching the report you requested. Could you it to Sarah? I dont know her ____________
_______________ I think I _______________ it by mistake! Im copying this
email to David too.
Best wishes
Mark
98
|Exercise 2
Change the sentences from formal to informal.
1 I enjoyed meeting you last week. (missing word)
Enjoyed meeting you last week
2 I am so glad you had a nice trip back to London. (contraction)
__________________________________________________
3 I have posted the brochure to you. (contraction)
_____________________________________________________
4 They are very interested in working with you. (abbreviation)
____________________________________________________
LEMBRETE
99
100
UNIDADE 8
5.1.
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer as diferenas culturais em contextos de negcio.
| Tpicos
- BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES 1;

- BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES 2;
- BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES 3.
8.1. Business across cultures 1
| Tpicos
8.1.1. Cultures and culture

8.1.2. Distance and familiarity
8.1.3. Exercises
8.1.1. COMPREENDER O CONCEITO DE CULTURA
| Cultures and culture

Alexandra Adler is an expert in doing business across cultures. She is taking to a group of
British businesspeople.
Culture is the way we do things here. Here may be a country, an area, a social class or an
organization such as a company or school. You often talk about:
company or corporate culture: the way a particular company works, and the things it believes
are important.
canteen culture: the ways that people in an organization such as the police think and talk, not
approved by the leaders of the organization.
long-hours culture: where people are expected to work for a long time each day.
macho culture: ideas typically associated with men: physical strength, aggressiveness, etc.
101
But you must be careful of stereotypes, fixed ideas that may not be true.
8.1.2. COMPREENDER AS DIFERENAS DE APROXIMAO E DISTNCIA CONSOANTE

AS CULTURAS
| Distance and familiarity

Distance between managers and the people who work under them varies in different cultures. Look at
these two companies.
In Country A, managers are usually easy to

talk to accessible and approachable
and there is a tradition of employees being
involved in decision-making as part of a
team of equals.
In Country B, managers are usually more distant and
Call me Stefan.
Call me Mr Johnson.
This company is not very hierarchical, with
Companies in Country B tend to be more hierarchical
only three management layers.
than those in Country A, with more management
remote. Employees may feel quite distant from their

managers and have a lot of deference for them:
accepting decisions but not participating in them.
layers.
Deference and distance may be shown in language. Some languages have many forms of address
that you use to indicate how familiar you are with someone. English only has one form, you, but
distance may he shown in other ways, for example, in whether first names or surnames are used.
102
|Exercise 1
Which word combination with culture describes each of the following:
1 The men really dominate in this company; they dont make life easy for women at all. AlI they talk
about is football. _______________________
2 Among the management here we try to be fair to people from different minorities, but there are still
elements of racism among the workforce. ___________________
3 Of course, the quality of the work you do after youve been at it for ten hours is not
good._______________________
4 There was a time when managers could only wear white shirts in this company things are a bit
less formal now. ________________________
5 Here the male managers talk about the market as if it was some kind of battlefield.
___________________________
6 They say that if you go home at 5.30, you cant be doing your job properly, but Im going anyway.
______________________
103
|Exercise 2
Read this information about two very different companies and answer the questions. The
Associated Box Company (ABC) and the Superior Box Corporation (SBC) both make
cardboard boxes.
At ABC there are three levels of management between the CEO and the people who actually make
the boxes. At SBC, there is only one level.
Managers at ABC are very distant. They rarely leave their offices, they have their own executive
restaurant and the employees hardly ever see them. Employees are never consulted in decisionmaking. At SBC, managers share the same canteen with employees. Managers have long meetings
with employees before taking important decisions.
Managers and the CEO of SBC have an open-door policy where employees can come to see them
about any complaint they might have. At ABC, employees must sort out problems with the manager
immediately above them.
At ABC, employees call their managers sir. At SBC, everyone uses first names.
1 Which company:
a is more hierarchical?
b is more informal in the way people talk to each other?
2 In which company are managers:
a more approachable?
b more remote?
3 In which company are employees:
a more deferential?
b on more equal terms with their bosses?
104
| Tpicos
8.2.1. Names and Business Cards

8.2.2. Dress
8.2.3. Exercises
8.2.1. COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS NOMES E AOS CARTES DE
VISITA
| Names
My
real
names
Thomas, hut
please call
They stand for John Gregory, if you really want to

know.
me Tom.
First name
Family name or surname
Tom Brewster
Marketing
Im from the US. The R stands for Robert thats my middle name. My
dad is also called Douglas R. Baxendale, so he puts Sr (senior) after his
name, and I put Jr (junior). This is unusual in the UK.
Initial
Douglas R. Baxendale
Jr
105
In the English-speaking business world, people use first names, even with people they do not know
very well. But if you arent sure, use Mr and the family name for men, and Mrs or Miss and the family
name for women, depending on whether they are married or not. Ms often replaces Mrs and Miss. You
dont use Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms with only a first name (e.g. Mr John) or by itself.
Megabook Publishing
34 Dean Street, Soho, London W1R 4EF
Job title
JAMES CASSIDY
Sales Director
Tel: 020 7452 8960
Fax: 020 7452 8965
E-mail james.cassidy@megabook.com
Abrahams, Campbell, Esposito
Qualifications
Corporate Accountants_________
7590W Charlestone BLvd
Las Vegas, NV 89147
(702) 220-9793
KAREN A. ESPOSITO, B.S., C.P.A.
Senior Partner
e-mail: kesposito@ace.com
8.2.2. COMPREENDER ALGUMAS NORMAS DE VESTURIO

|DRESS
In Alphaland, businesspeople dress quite formally. The business suit is common, but for
men, wearing non-matching jacket and trousers is also a possibility.
In Betatania, the dark business suit is obligatory for men. Some companies allow women to
wear trouser suits.
In Gammaria, the business suit is almost as necessary as in Betatania, but with more
variation in colours. Some companies require employees to wear formal clothes from
Monday to Thursday, and allow less formal ones on what they call casual Fridays or dressdown Fridays. In some places, many banks and shops require people dealing with
customers to wear uniforms so that they all dress the same.
106
In Deltatonia, people dress more casually at work than in the other countries. For men, suits
and ties are less common than elsewhere. This is smart casual.
8.2.3. EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAOE
XERC IOS DE CONSOLIDAAO E EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAAO XERCCIOS DE

CONSOLIDAAO DE CONSOLIDAAO ERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAAO
|Exercise 1
Decide whether these pieces of advice about the English-speaking business world are true or
false.
1 Its possible to introduce yourself by saying your family name then your first name.
2 Its possible to use Mr, Mrs or Miss on its own, or with a first name.
3 British people use Sr and Jr to refer to a father and his son.
4 Americans often show their middle name with an initial.
5 You can always use someones first name to talk to them, even if you dont know them very well.
6 Ms is being used more and more as a title for women.
7 You can show your qualifications after your name on your business card.

| Tpicos
8.3.1. Entertainment, hospitality and time

8.3.2. Cross-cultural communication
8.3.3. Exercises
107
8.3.1. COMPREENDER AS DIFERENAS RELATIVAS AO ENTRETENIMENTO E

HOSPITALIDADE
| Entertainment and hospitality

Alexandra Adler continues her seminar on cross-cultural issues. Entertaining and hospitality vary a
lot in different cultures.
ln Alphaland, entertaining is important. There are long business lunches in restaurants, where
deals are discussed. Professional and private life are separate, and clients are never invited home.
In Betatania, evenings are spent drinking and singing in bars with colleagues and clients.
In Gammaria, lunch can be important, but less so than in Alphaland. Important contacts may be
invited to dinner at home. Corporate hospitality is a big industry, with clients invited to big sports
events.
In Deltatonia, restaurants are rare outside the capital. Some entertainment takes place when
important clients are invited to peoples houses for dinner or go sailing or to country houses for the
weekend, etc.
| Time
Attitudes towards time can vary enormously.

In Busyville, people start work at eight, and officially finish at six, though many managers stay much
longer. There is a culture of presenteeism: being at work when you dont need to be.
There is a two-hour lunch break, and a lot of business is done over restaurant lunches. (Lunch is the
main meal. The working breakfast is rare.) There are no snacks between meals, just coffee, so eat
properly at meal times.
As for punctuality, you can arrive up to 15 minutes late for meetings. If invited to someones house
(unusual in business), arrive 1530 minutes after the time given.
Dont phone people at home about work, and dont phone them at all after 9 pm.
There are a lot of public holidays (about 15) during the year. Busyville is empty in August, as many
companies close completely for four weeks. Employees have five weeks holiday a year and they
usually take four of them in August.
BrE: holiday
AmE: vacation
108
8.3.2. COMPREENDER ALGUMAS DIFERENAS CULTURAIS
| Cross-cultural communication
Here are some other areas of potential cultural misunderstanding:

a distance when talking to people: what is comfortable?
b eye contact: how much of the time do people look directly at each other?
e gesture: do people make lots of facial gestures? How much do they move their arms and hands?
d greetings/goodbyes: do people shake hands every time? Are there fixed phrases to say?
e humour: is this a good way of relaxing people? Or is it out of place in some contexts?
f physical contact: how much do people touch each other?
g presents: when should you give them? When should you open them? What should you say when
you receive one?
h rules of conversation and the role of silence: how long can people be silent before they feel
uncomfortable? Is if acceptable to interrupt when others are speaking?
|Exercise 1
ln which country might you hear these things? Give a look at 8.3.1.
1 How about a trip out tomorrow afternoon? We could see some horse racing and have a glass of
champagne.
2 Do come out with us this evening! I know some great bars. Hows your singing?
3 What are you doing this weekend? You could come to our summer cottage. Youll meet my family
and we can take the boat out.
4 Lets get out of the office to discuss the deal. I know a nice restaurant near here, with some very
good local dishes.
109
|Exercise 2
Tick ( ) the things this visitor to Busyville does right, and put a cross (x) by her mistakes.
I phoned my contact in her office at 7.30 pm. (1...) I suggested a working breakfast the next morning.
(2...) She wasnt keen, so I suggested lunch. (3...) We arranged to meet at her office at 12.30. I arrived
at 12.45 (4...) and we went to a restaurant, where we had a very good discussion. That evening I
wanted to check something, so I found her name in the phone book and phoned her at home. (5...) She
was less friendly than at lunchtime. I said I would be back in Busyville in mid August (6...). Not a good
time, she said, so I suggested September. (7)
LEMBRETE
110
UNIDADE 9
Objectivos
Este capitulo tem por objective dar a conhecer o vocabulrio relacionado com apresentaes,
analisando grficos e tabelas.
| Tpicos
- GETTING STARTED
- THE MIDDLE OF THE PRESENTATION
- USING CHARTS
- THE END OF A PRESENTATION AND HANDLING QUESTIONS
9.1 Presentations
| Tpicos
9.1.1 Getting started, preparation

9.1.2. Exercises
9.1.1 INICIAR UMA APRESENTAO

| Preparation
When you are preparing a presentation you:
Should start to prepare early.
Think about your audience.
Expectations
Technical knowledge
Size
Questions and /or discussion
111
Speakers competence
Knowledge
Presentation technique
Content
What to include
Length / depth (technical detail)
Number of key ideas
Structure
Sequence: beginning, middle and end
Repetition, summarising
Delivery
Style: formal / informal; enthusiasm / confidence
Voice: variety / speed; pauses
Body language: eye contact; gesture / movement; posture
Visual aids
Type / design / clarity; relevance.
Write notes.
jhgtf
ggfht
r
Prepare slides.
Prepare handouts.
Check the room, make sure the room is ready, size, sound quality and look whether there is:
a flipchart
a microphone
a projector
a whiteboard
Language
Simple / clear; spelling; sentence length; structure signals
| Introduction
When you start your presentation you begin with introducing yourself and your subject.
Greeting
Good morning / afternoon ladies an gentlemen.
Ladies and gentlemen
112
Subject
I plan to say a few words about
Im going to talk about
The subject of my talk is
The theme of my presentation is
Id like to give you an overview of
Structure
Ive divided my talk into (three/two..) parts.
My talk will be in (three/two..) parts.
Im going to divide
First
Second
Third
In the first part
Then in the second part
Finally
Timing
My talk will take about ten minutes.
The presentation will take about two hours but there will be a twenty minute break in the middle.
Well stop for lunch at 12 oclock.
Policy on questions / discussion
Please interrupt if you have any questions.
After my talk there will be time for a discussion and any questions.
Here follows an example of a beginning of a presentation
Ok. Thanks. Im here to talk about the Design Proposals for the Production plant and Taipei.
My talk will be in three parts followed by a min. discussion.
Im going to start with the background to each proposal something about our negotiations with the
Taiwanese government then in the second part Ill go over the main characteristics of each proposal,
Proposal One and Proposal Two. Then, in the third part Ill highlight some key considerations we have
to bear in mind.
Finally, Ill end with an invitation to ask questions or make any comments you like.
Well discuss matters arising from the talk
OK? So to begin with, a few words on the history
113
Exercise 1
Put the sentences of Marys introduction into the correct order.
a) And finally, Ill say something about how we can work with your company.
b) First, Ill look at the technical side.
c) I work for Siemens in the marketing department.
d) If you have any questions, Ill be happy to answer them at the end of my presentation.
e) My name is Mary Flinders.
f) Then, Ill move on to the sales possibilities.
g) Today Im going to talk about a new product that we have developed.
Exercise 2
In any presentation the beginning is crucial. Certainly some things are essential in an
introduction and others are useful. Here is a list of what could be included in an introduction.
Mark them according to how necessary they are using the following scale:
Essential
1
114
Useful
2
Not necessary
4
Subject / title of talk
_________
Introduction to oneself, job title etc.
_________
Reference to questions and /or discussions
_________
Reference to the programme for the day
_________
Reference to how long you are going to speak for
_________
Reference to the visual aids you plan to use
_________
The scope of your talk: what is and not included
_________
An outline of the structure of your talk
_________
A summery of the conclusions
_________
Exercise 3
Read the beginning of a presentation on the marketing plans for a new telecommunications
system produced by Telco.
Thank you for coming today. As you know, I want to talk about the marketing plans. Brand identity is
a key issue and what it means is how we are seen by our customers and how our products are
recognised and what our consumers think of us as a company. And I should also say, what they think of
our products and the name what Telco means for them. And advertising is part of it of course, though
not something Im going to talk about now except to say that as for brand image, its important in that
area too, advertising that is.
a) Is it a good introduction?
b) Why / Why not?
c) Label the structure of the talk.

Introduction
115
Exercise 4
Suggest a possible phrase for each of the prompts below.
a) Greet your audience.
b) Introduce yourself.
c) Give the title of your talk.
d) Describe the structure of your talk.
e) Explain that the audience can interrupt if they want.
f) Say something about the length of the talk.
g) Say a colleague will be showing a video later.
9.2 The middle of a presentation

| Tpicos
9.2.1. Structure; The main body

9.2.2. Image, impact and making impression
9.2.3. Exercises
9.2.1. ESTRUTURA
The main body of the presentation contains the details of the subject or themes described in the
introduction. All the above techniques are especially useful in making the main body easily understood. They
help the audience to follow the information and to remember it.
They also help the speaker to keep to the planned structure and to know exactly what stage has been
reached at all times during the presentation. Clear structure doesnt just help the audience! In many
presentations the main body can be usefully divided into different parts.
The main parts, each with a main heading, are referred to in the introduction. Clearly there are many ways
to divide the main body of a presentation and often different parts will themselves be divided into smaller
sections of information:
Introduction
116
Main body of information
First part
Second part
Third part
-a
-a
-a
-b
-b
-b
-c
-d
-c
| Signalling different parts in a presentation

Presentations are usually divided into sections:
Ending the introduction
So, that concludes the introduction.
Thats all for the introduction.
Beginning the main body
Now lets move to the first part of my talk, which is about
So, first To begin with
Listing
There are three things to consider. First
Second
Third
There are two kinds of The first is The second is
We can see four advantages and two disadvantages. First, advantages
One is another is a third advantage is
On the other hand, the two disadvantages
First Second
Linking: Ending parts within the main body
That completes / concludes
Thats all (I want to say for now) on
Linking: Beginning a new part
Lets move to (the next part which is)
So now we come to
Now I want to describe
Sequencing
There are (seven) different stages to the process.
First/then/next/after that/then/aftertheres/last
There are two steps involved,
The first step is The second step is
There are (four) stages to the project,
At the beginning, later, then, finally
Ill describe the development of the idea.
First the background, then the present situation, and then the prospects for the future.
117
| Organisation of presentation
Logical progression of ideas and/or parts of presentation.
Clear development.
Sequential description of process.
Chronological order the events, ex: background
present
future.
| Topic
Main parts
sections
subsections
a.
b.
ii
i
a.
b.
ii
iii
a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
Internal structure of the main body of a complex presentation.

| Signalling the structure
Use listing techniques
Link different parts
Use sequencing language

This makes the organisation of the talk clear and helps the audience to follow and helps you to
follow the development of your talk
Here follows an example of a middle part of a presentation:
And so climatic changes in the northern hemisphere may have been the result of volcanic activity.
The 1991 eruption may have contributed to ozone damage causing the unusually high world
temperatures in 1992.
Also industrial contamination puts important quantities of noxious gases like CO2, SO2, CO and
NO2 into the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels. These gases contribute to the so-called
greenhouse effect and global warming. Another main area of industrial pollutions of the atmosphere is
the release of ozone damaging chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons. These are used in refrigeration,
some manufacturing processes and fire extinguishers. Another source of damage to the environment is
car and plane engines because they release the so-called greenhouse gases such as CO2..
118
9.2.2. IMAGEM, IMPACTO E CAUSAR UMA IMPRESSO

| Visuals
Visuals must be well prepared, well chosen and clear.
Try and use media which suit the room and audience size. Media which can be used are:
Overhead projector (OHP); transparencies / slides
Slide projector; slides / diapositives
Video / computer graphics / flip chart / whiteboard
OHP
Slide projector
Flip chart
diapositives
computer graphics
transparencies
whiteboard
| Use of visual aids

Combination of OHP and flip chart with pens are often good.
First visual should give the title of talk.
Second should show structure of talk main headings.
Keep the text to the minimum never just read the text from visuals.
Do not use too many visuals the guide is one per minute.
Use pauses give audience time to comprehend the picture
Never show a visual until you want to talk about it.
Remove the visual once you have finished talking about it.
Switch off the equipment when you are not using it.
| Use of colour
For slides, white writing on blue/green gives a great contrast. Use different colours if colour improves
clarity of message (pie charts).
Use appropriate colour combinations: Yellow and pink are weak colours on white backgrounds.
119
| Content of visual aids
Pie chart
bar graph
diagram
- --- ---- --------------------------------- --- --- --- Line graph
plan
Table
| slides and handouts

To talk about a slide or a handout.
As you can see this slide of last years sales
Lets look at the handout about our products
This segment shows that
The red segment shows the number of
The segment shaded blue shows the percentage of
When we use graphs and charts we say:
Rise
stay the same
fall
Go up
Increase
go down
decrease
| you in relation to your audience

Decide appropriate level of formality, dress accordingly.
Keep eye contact at least 80% of the time.
Use all the available space.
Move around, unless you are restricted by a podium.
Use gesture.
120
-------
-------
----------
-------------
---- ------
--------

Exercise 1
Lettles marketing manager is making a presentation. Look at his plan and write what she
says at the start of each section. Look at the example:
Plan
1. Technical side
2. Sales plan (show slide)
3. Lettles branches
4. Endings
5. Questions
1. First, Id like to talk about the technical side.________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2
Match the following pictures with the correct phrase
Climbed slightly
Increased steadily
Declined a little
a)
b)
Dropped markedly
rose dramatically
c)
d)
e)
121
Exercise 3
Complete and label the pie chart showing the information below.
Cars sold in Albania in 2004
Model
Number sold
Percentage of total
Delta
4.5 million
45%
Echo
2.5 million
25%
Alpha
2 million
20%
Others
1 million
10%
Total
10 million cars
100%
9.3.Ending a presentation & questions

| Tpicos
9.3.1. The end of a presentation

9.3.2. Handling questions
9.3.3. Exercises
9.3.1. FIM DE UMA APRESENTAO

| Ending the main body of the presentation
Right that ends ( the third part of) my talk.
Thats all I want to say for now on
| Beginning the summery and / or conclusion
Id like to end by emphasising the main point(s).
Id like to finish with
-a summery of the main points.
-some observations based on what Ive said.
-some conclusions / recommendations.
-a brief conclusion
122
| Concluding
There are two conclusions / recommendations.
What we need is
I think we have to
I think we have seen that we should
That is the end of

my presentation
Thank you very

much
Thank you for

listening
Thank you for

coming
Here follows an example of a final part of a presentation:

So that brings me to almost the end of my talk. Id like to end with a short restatement of the
main point. The key issue, the key understanding is that it is that in valuing a companys assets,
perhaps the key thing these days is the value of the brand names. Most acquisitions are in effect
attempts to take over brand names. Traditional valuation, based on tangible assets is no longer
sufficient.
So, What are the lessons that we can learn from this? I think most importantly, we have to build up
the power of our brand names. We have to establish greater brand identity. This requires a radical
approach to marketing, making our brand name the focus of all our efforts. This policy will boost the
companys assets.
Thank you everyone for listening.
9.3.2. LIDAR COM QUESTES
| Inviting questions and/or introducing discussion

That concludes (the formal part of) my talk. Thank you for listening Now Id like to invite your
comments.
Now we have (half an hour) for questions and discussion.
Right. Now, any questions or comments?
So, now Id be very interested to hear your comments.
123
| Understanding the question but difficult or impossible to answer

Thats a difficult question to answer in a few words.
- It could be
- In my experience
- I would say
- I dont think Im the right person to answer that. Perhaps Mr_____ can help
- I dont have much experience in that field
| Understanding the question but irrelevant or impossible to answer in the time available
Im afraid thats outside the scope of my talk / this session. If I were you Id discuss that with
Ill have to come to that later, perhaps during the break as were short of time.
| When you didnt understand the question
Sorry, Im not sure Ive understood. Could you repeat the question please?
Are you asking if ?
Do you mean ?
I didnt catch (the last part of) your question. If I have understood you correctly, you mean ? Is
that right?
| Checking that your answer is sufficient
Does that answer your question?
Is that okay?
Exercise 1
What do you say in the following situations?
1. You dont understand a question.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. You cant answer a question because the information is confidential.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. You are ready to answer questions.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. You want someone to say the question again.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. You dont know the answer.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. You want to find some information and answer a question later.
___________________________________________________________________________
124
Exercise 2
Read the following text and try to find a) a potential problem at the end of a presentation
and b) three ways to avoid the problem.
A nightmare scenario is as follows: the speaker finishes his talk with the words any questions?
This is met by total silence. Not a word. Then an embarrassed shuffling, a cough . How can this be
avoided? A possible answer is that if the presentation has been good and the audience is clearly
interested, someone will have something to say.
Another way to avoid the nightmare of utter silence is to end with an instruction to the audience.
This should ensure immediate audience response. Giving an instruction is often useful in sales
presentations and where the audience has special requirements. Here are two examples:
A sales presentation
After talking about his or her products or services, the speaker wants the audience to explain their
needs and says:
Okay Ive told you about the ways Snappo can help companies like yours. Now for us to do that,
we need to know more about the way you work. For example, tell me about your particular situation,
tell me what in particular may interest you .
This places a responsibility on the audience to respond unless of course they have a completely
negative view of both the presenter and the message! Assuming they are well-disposed towards the
potential supplier, its probably in their interests to offer some information and begin discussion.
A Training Manager
Speaking to an audience of Department Managers, vice-presidents, or potential trainees, the
Training Manager has outlined recommendations and explained what is available. He/She can end
with:
Right! Ive told you what we can offer. Now tell me what are your impressions, what are your
priorities and what else do you need to know now?
Another option is for the speaker to have a question prepared. Ask something which you know the
audience will have to answer. This often breaks the ice and starts discussion. It may be possible to
single out an individual who is most likely to have a question to ask you or a comment to make, or it
may be apparent from earlier contact perhaps during the reception or coffee break, that a particular
individual has something to say or to ask.
125
126
UNIDADE 10
Objectivos
Este captulo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer vocabulrio relacionada com as reunies e a sua
liderana.
| Tpicos
- ORGANIZING A MEETING;
- DEALING WITH INTERRUPTIONS;
- OPINIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
10.1 Meetings
| Tpicos
10.1.1. Word combinations with meeting

10.1.2. What makes meetings effective
10.1.3. exercises
10.1.1 VOCABULRIO RELACIONADO COM A PALAVRA REUNIO
| meeting and verbs

The following verbs are often used in front of a meeting:
- Arrange a meeting means organizing a meeting.
- Chair a meeting means to be in charge of a meeting.
- Attend a meeting means going to a meeting.
- Miss a meeting means not going to a meeting.
- To postpone a meeting means to change a meeting to a later time.
- To cancel a meeting means not to have the planned meeting.
127
| Agendas
An agenda is a list of items (=different things) to talk about at a meeting. Before the meeting,
someone sends out the agenda (=sends copies to everyone attending).
Here follows an example of an agenda:
AGENDA
Staff meeting, 19 April 2004, Meeting room 1
Apologies for absence
Minutes of the last meeting
1. Car parking
2. Company restaurant
3. Holiday dates
4. AOB (Any Other Business)
Any Other Business means other things that people want to talk about.
Venue is the place where the meeting will be.
| Apologies and minutes
If you cannot attend a meeting, you send your apologies (a message to say you cannot attend). At
the beginning of the meeting, someone reads out these messages.
The minutes of a meeting are written notes of what is said and decided in the meeting. During the
meeting, someone takes the minutes (writes down what is said and decided). After the meeting,
someone sends out the minutes.
At the beginning of the next meeting people agree that the minutes are correct.
10.1.2.O QUE TORNA REUNIES MAIS EFFECTIVOS?

| Who prepares what for a meeting
The chair: He decides the objectives of a meeting.
-What type of meeting: (formal or informal, short or long, regular or a one off; internal/external
information giving / discussion / decision making)?
- Is a social element required.
- Prepare an agenda.
- Decide time / place / participants / who must attend and who can be notified of decisions.
- Study subjects for discussion.
- Anticipate different opinions.
- Speak to participants.
128
The secretary:
- Obtain agenda and list of participants
- Inform participants and check: the room, equipment, paper and materials; refreshments, meals,
accommodation and travel.
The participants:
- Study subjects on agenda, work out preliminary options.
- If necessary, find out team or department views.
- Prepare own contribution, ideas, visual supports, etc.
The role of the Chair:
- Start and end on time
- Introduce objectives, agenda.
- Introduce speakers
- Define time limits for contributions.
- Control discussion, hear all views
- Summarise discussion at key points.
- Ensure that key decisions are written down by the secretary.
- Ensure that conclusions and decisions are clear and understood.
- Define actions to be taken and individual responsibilities.
| Chairing a meeting
To open the meeting we can use the following sentences:
- Thank you for coming
- (Its ten oclock ). Lets start
- Weve received apologies from
- Does anyone have any comments on our previous meeting?
Introducing the agenda
- You have all seen the agenda
- On the agenda, youll see there are three items.
- Theres one main item to discuss
Stating objectives
- Were here today to hear about plans for
- Our objective is to discuss different ideas
- What we want to do today is to reach a decision
Introducing discussion
The background to the problem is
This issue about
The point we have to understand is
129
Calling on a speaker
Id like to ask Mary to tell us about
Can we hear from Mr. Johnson on this?
I know that you have prepared a statement on your departments views
Controlling the meeting

Sorry Mark, can we let Sonia finish?
Er, Johan, we cant talk about that.
Summarising
So, what youre saying is
Can I summarise that? You mean
So, the main point is
Moving the discussion on
Can we go on to think about
Lets move on to the next point is
Closing the meeting
I think weve covered everything.
So, weve decided
I think we can close the meeting now.
Thats it. The next meeting will be
10.1.3.EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO
Exercise 1
Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. He _______________ (missed/arranged) the meeting because he was late for work.
2. I decided to _____________ (cancel/arrange) the meeting because there was nothing to discuss.
3. We can ______________ (postpone/cancel) the meeting until next week if necessary.
4. I asked Jean to ___________ (arrange/miss) the meeting next week but there were no rooms
available.
5. They ____________ (attended/postponed) the meeting, but they didnt hear anything interesting.
6. This meeting is very important. Dont ______________ (miss/attend) it!
130
Exercise 2
Complete the memo with words in italics.

Venue
minutes
items
attend
agenda
MEMO
From: Chief Executive
To: All managers
Please find enclosed the ___________ for the next meeting. Please make a note of the __________
: we are meeting in room 7. Let me know if you are unable to ___________ . Please bring with you a
copy of the ________ of the last meeting. If you want me to add other __________to the agenda,
please let me know.
Exercise 3
Which verb in the following groups does not fit with the words on the right in bold.
a) distribute; prepare; write; make; send out; circulate; read; check
the agenda
b) organise; arrange; attend; go to; open; close; visit; hold; postpone;
a meeting
set up; call off; cancel; have; plan

c) leave; give; take; tell; send; receive; get
a message
d) accept; take; receive; do; make; expect; get
a call
Exercise 4
Suggest phrases which could be used by a chairperson in the following situations in a meeting.
a) To welcome the participants to a meeting.
b) To state the objectives of the meeting.
c) To introduce the agenda.
d) To introduce the first speaker.
e) To prevent an interruption.
f) To thank a speaker for his/her contribution.
g) To introduce another speaker.
131
h) To keep discussion to the relevant issues.

i) To summarise discussion.
j) To ask if anyone has anything to add.
k) To suggest moving to the next topic on the agenda.
l) To summarise certain actions that must be done following the meeting. (do research, write a
report, meet again, write a letter)
m) To close for a meeting.
10.2 Types of meetings
| Tpicos
10.2.1. Types and structures of meetings

10.2.2. Dealing with interruptions opinions and explanations
10.2.3. Ending the meeting
10.2.4. Exercises
10.2.1 TIPOS DE REUNIES

| Types of meeting
- Decision-making meeting
- Information-giving meeting
- Spontaneous / emergency meeting
- Routine meeting
- Internal meeting
- Customer / Client / Supplier first meeting or established relationship.
| Structure of decision-making meetings
- Study / discuss / analyse the situation
- Define the problem
- Set an objective
- State imperatives and desirables
- Generate alternatives
- Establish evaluation criteria
- Evaluate alternatives
- Choose among alternatives
| the DESC stages of a meeting
D Describe situation
E Express feelings
S Suggest solutions
132
C Conclude with decision

| Goal of decision-making meetings
Objective: to get a consensus in a time- and cost-effective manner.
| Importance of communication
- Two-way process
- Participants must be aware of others needs
- Full communication and understanding is essential.
- Four elements in communication: Awareness understanding empathy perception.
| Reaching a consensus
- Discussion leads to consensus
- Consensus is recognised and verbalised by leader
- decisions checked and confirmed
10.2.2. LIDAR COM INTERRUPES; OPINIES E EXPLICAES

| Interruptions
Interrupting:
Can I say something here?
Stopping interruptions:
Just a moment I havent finished
Can Mark come in here?
Just a moment, can I just finish?

Just a moment, Let her/him finish.
Excuse me, may I ask for clarification on this

If I may interrupt, could you say?
Yes, go ahead.
Sorry, please let me finish
Sorry to interrupt, but
If I may finish this point
Do you think so? My impression is

What? Thats impossible. We/I Think
Can I come to that later

Thats not really relevant at this stage
Can we leave that to another discussion
Can I say something here

about the costs?
Just a moment. I havent

finished talking about the plans.
133
| Opinions
Stating an opinion
It seems to me
Asking for opinion

Id like to hear from
I tend to think
In my view
Could we hear from

Whats your view?
We think/feel/believe
Theres no alternative to
What do you think about?

Do you have any strong views on ?
Its obvious that
Any comments?
Clearly / Obviously
| Suggesting and explaining
Suggesting means telling people about an idea or a plan.
I have an idea.
Lets
What about?
How about?
Responding:
Why dont
we?
Thats a good idea.
Asking for explanation
Sorry, I dont
understand. Do you
mean that?
Are you saying that?
A: I disagree with D on this. We need to find new people to work in the restaurant.
B: Can I come in here? I have an idea. Lets use a company from outside.
C: Sorry, I dont understand. Do you mean that the people working in the restaurant will not be
employees of our company?
B: Thats right. The restaurant company can be completely independent.
A: Thats a good idea!
D: I dont agree. Well lose control of the restaurant!
134
10.2.3. CONCLUIR UMA REUNIO

Two main rules:
1. Meeting should end on time!
2. Decision-making meetings should end with decisions.
The chair should close the meeting with:
A restatement of the objectives
A summery of decisions taken
A summery of the action now required
Reference to any individual responsibilities

After the meeting:
- A memorandum should be sent to all participants summarising the decisions taken and the action
required.
- The memorandum should be sent to any interested individuals who were unable to attend
- The Chair should seek feedback on the meetings to try improve future meetings.
Improving meeting:
Motivation to change
Gather information on present situation
Identify specific areas needing improvement
Identify alternative courses of action
Practise new techniques
Improvement model
135
When you end a meeting you should do the following:

- summarising: I think we should end there. Just to summarise
- Summarise: Weve covered everything, so Id like to go over the decisions weve taken
So, to conclude weve agreed
-confirming action: well contact
Mark will
Weve got to
We need to look at
-referring to next contact: Well meet again next month
We look forward to hearing from you
Its been a pleasure to see you today and I look forward to our next
meeting.
10.2.4. EXERCICIOS DE CONSOLIDAO
Exercise 1
Complete the conversation from a meeting using the phrases a-g.

a) I have an idea
b) I disagree with Ben
c) Thats a good idea
d) Yes, but
e) Do you mean
f) thats right
g) What do you think
Anna: So, whos the best person for the job? Ben, ________________?
Ben: Lea Smith is very good. She has a lot of experience.
Mary: ______________ about this. Malcolm Jones may be younger, but he has a lot of experience
too.
Ben: _______________ Lea can start work next week. Malcolm can only start next month.
Dan: Can I come in here? _______________. We can give them both a job as a sort of test for six
months.
Ella: ________________ Keep them both for six months and then give one of them the permanent
job?
Dan: _________________.
Anna: __________________! I hadnt thought of that.
136
Exercise 2
Match what happens in the meeting 1-7 to what the people say a-g.
1. Naomie interrupts, and agrees with Linda
2. Manuel gives his opinion
3. Manuel makes a suggestion
4. Linda disagrees with Manuel
5. The chair, Chris, starts the meeting
6. The chair asks for Manuels opinion
7. Chris responds
a. I have an idea. Lets tell them well order more products if they can make the delivery more reliable
b. I think Partcos products are very cheap
c. What do you think about Partco, Manuel?
d. Is everybody ready?
e. Yes, but they never deliver on time.
f. Thats a good idea.
g. Can I say something here? I agree with Linda deliveries from Partco are always late.
Now put the sentences a-g above in the correct order.
Exercise 3
Read the following text and identify 3 recommendations on how a meeting should end and
what should happen after a meeting.
Regardless of the type of meeting (information or decision making), it is important to close with a
restatement of objective, a summery of what was accomplished, and a list of agreed action that needs
to be taken.
After the meeting, it is essential to follow up with the action. A brief memorandum of conclusions
should be written and distributed. Inform appropriate people who did not attend the meeting about
essential decisions made.
Finally, each meeting should be viewed as a learning experience. Future meetings should be
improved by soliciting evaluations and deciding what action is required to conduct better meetings.
137
Exercise 4
Underline the correct word to complete the sentences.
1. Can I say / tell / talk something here? I think
2. Excuse me, Mr Chairman, I want to interrupt / disagree / not agree with what Mr Jones has said.
Its not the case that
3. Im sorry, may I add / interrupt / opinion? It seems to me
4. Thats not the true / true / sure!
5. Im afraid / pardon / sorry but Id like to go / move to / continue another point.
Exercise 5
Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

The reason for having a meeting is to make a decision. Information may be given in a presentation
followed by questions or discussion, but it is to get a consensus that the meeting has been arranged in
the first place. Achieving this in the most time and cost - effective manner possible is a goal that
everyone attending (the meeting) must share.
Marion Haynes (1988) maintains that decision making meetings need to follow a specific structure.
The rational decision process includes the following steps:
- Study / discuss / analyze the situation
- define the problem
- set an objective
- state imperatives and desirables
- generate alternatives
- establish evaluation criteria
- evaluate alternatives
- choose among alternatives
One other aspect of decision making is the necessary for participants in the meeting to be aware of
one anothers needs and perceptions. If these are not effectively communicated, if there is an
insufficient degree of understanding of one anothers requirements, then an acceptable conclusion is
unlikely to be reached. There are four essential elements in decision making: awareness,
understanding, empathy, and perception.
It is only when we accept that communications are two-way process that any form of communication,
including decision making will become genuinely successful and effective.
138
Decision making is not always an identifiable activity. Frequently the discussion can evolve into the
consensus which can be recognized and verbalized by the leader without the need to put things to the
vote.
a) what kind of meetings is the text about?
b) what structure does the text describe?
c) what key point is made about communication?
d) do you agree with the first sentence?
e) do you agree with Haynes suggestions for the steps involved in decision making?
f) find words / phrases for:
- common agreement
- aim
- fix a goal
- what one must have
- develop
139

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Manual do Formando

Ingls para Contactos Profissionais

Recurso desenvolvido no mbito da medida 4.2.2.2 do POEFDS. Programa co-financiado por:

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

UNIDADE 9 ........................................................................................................................................ 111

UNIDADE 10 ...................................................................................................................................... 127

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.1.1 Your job, other jobs and dream jobs

1.1.1 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS EMPREGOS..

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.1.2 O PRESENTE SIMPLES

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.1.3 EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO

Complete the sentences. Look at the example

2. I take photos. Im :________________________

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

2. My sister (get up) at 7.45.

3. We (watch) TV every night.

4. He sometimes (cry) if the film is sad. _____________________________________

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

7. My parents (listen) the news every evening at six. ____________________________

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.2 Places, Departments and Industries

1.2.1 Prepositions of place IN/ON/AT and work + prepositions

1.2.1 COMPREENDER AUTILIZAO DAS PREPOSIES DE LUGAR

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Use at with places on a page:

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Work for sempre utilizado quando se fala numa companhia

Work in sempre utilizado quando falamos de um departamento

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.2.2 COMPREENDER O VOCABULARIO RELATIVO AO LOCAL DE TRABALHO E

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.2.3 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS DEPARTAMENTOS

The Purchasing department is responsible for buying supplies

The Production department is responsible for manufacturing the products

The Accounting department is responsible for invoicing the customers

EX: He works in the sales department he sells company products.

1.2.4 EXERCCIOS DE CONSOLIDAO

4. I work at a head office

5. I work in the sales department

e. I love big cities!

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Fill in the gaps with the following prepositions: IN/ON/AT

9) Sales and Marketing ___

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.3 Types of work

1.3.1 Jobs and Work

1.3.1 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AOS EMPREGOS

Full-time job (employees work usually around 40 hours a week)

Part-time job (when employees work 20 hours a week)

Permanent job (The contract has no finish date)

Employees (people who work for a company)

No se pode utilizar o substantivo work com as expresses part-time e full-time. Temos de

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS

1.3.2 COMPREENDER O VOCABULRIO RELATIVO AO SALRIO, REFORMA,

1.3.3 EXERCCIOS DE CONSILIDAO

Manual do formando | INGLS PARA CONTACTOS PROFISSIONAIS