Experiment # 01

Objective:
To verify the AND gate embedded into an IC chip by using Digital Logic
Training System

Apparatus:
1 Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2 Connecting wires
3 7408 IC chip

What is an AND gate?

Actually a gate is an arrangement of electrical elements such that this
arrangement of electrical elements manipulates a given input according to a
particular logic. Binary coding is very useful to deal with gates. Here 1
represents the presence of a signal and 0 represents the absence of a
signal. AND gate work on the following principle:
If all the inputs are on, then result is 1. But if anyone from the applied
inputs is of, then result is 0.

Procedure:
Insert the given IC chip in bread board such that the legs on one side of IC
are inserted in row of one block of bread board, and the legs on other side
are inserted in row of adjacent block of the bread board. Read the number of
given IC before inserting it into the bread board. The number tells you that
which type of gate is embedded in the corresponding IC. After inserting the
bread board, connect the 7th terminal of IC by using a connecting wire with
the ground port of digital logic training system apparatus. Connect the 14th
terminal of IC with 5V power supply. Input voltage at 1st and 2nd terminal of IC
chip. Take output by connecting the 3rd terminal with output slot of
apparatus. If you are verifying NOT gate then only one input is needed at 1 st
terminal and output is taken from 2nd terminal of IC. ON/OF the switch to
verify the gate embedded into the given IC chip. Light on means that output
is 1 and light of means that output is 0. Repeat this procedure for AND,
NOT and OR gate.

Number assigned to given IC according to logic embedded

in it:

AND is assigned 7408

OR is assigned 7432
NOT is assigned 7404

Truth Table of AND gate:

Input 1
0
0
1
1

Input 2
0
1
0
1

output
0
0
0
1

Conclusion:
After verifying the above truth table we conclude that the 7408 IC is
embedded with AND gate.

Picture of AND gate verification experiment.

Experiment # 02

Objective:
To verify the OR gate embedded into an IC chip by using Digital Logic
Training System

Apparatus:
1 Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2 Connecting wires
3 7432 IC chip

What is an OR gate?

Actually a gate is an arrangement of electrical elements such that this

arrangement of electrical elements manipulates a given input according to a
particular logic. Binary coding is very useful to deal with gates. Here 1
represents the presence of a signal and 0 represents the absence of a
signal. OR gate work on the following principle:
If all the inputs are of, then result is 0. But if anyone from the applied inputs
is on, then result is 1.

Procedure:
Insert the given IC chip in bread board such that the legs on one side of IC
are inserted in row of one block of bread board, and the legs on other side
are inserted in row of adjacent block of the bread board. Read the number of
given IC before inserting it into the bread board. The number tells you that
which type of gate is embedded in the corresponding IC. After inserting the
bread board, connect the 7th terminal of IC by using a connecting wire with
the ground port of digital logic training system apparatus. Connect the 14th
terminal of IC with 5V power supply. Input voltage at 1st and 2nd terminal of IC
chip. Take output by connecting the 3rd terminal with output slot of
apparatus. If you are verifying NOT gate then only one input is needed at 1 st
terminal and output is taken from 2nd terminal of IC. ON/OF the switch to
verify the gate embedded into the given IC chip. Light on means that output
is 1 and light of means that output is 0. Repeat this procedure for AND,
NOT and OR gate.

Number assigned to given IC according to logic embedded

in it:

AND is assigned 7408

OR is assigned 7432
NOT is assigned 7404

Truth Table of AND gate:

Input 1
0
0
1
1

Input 2
0
1
0
1

output
0
1
1
1

Conclusion:
After verifying the above truth table we conclude that the 7432 IC is
embedded with OR gate.

Picture of OR gate verification experiment.

Experiment # 03

Objective:
To verify the NOT gate embedded into an IC chip by using Digital Logic
Training System

Apparatus:
1 Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2 Connecting wires
3 7404 IC chip

What is an NOT gate?

Actually a gate is an arrangement of electrical elements such that this
arrangement of electrical elements manipulates a given input according to a
particular logic. Binary coding is very useful to deal with gates. Here 1
represents the presence of a signal and 0 represents the absence of a
signal. NOT gate work on the following principle:
If input is on then output is 0 and if input is of the output is 1. So it works
as an inverter.

Procedure:
Insert the given IC chip in bread board such that the legs on one side of IC
are inserted in row of one block of bread board, and the legs on other side
are inserted in row of adjacent block of the bread board. Read the number of
given IC before inserting it into the bread board. The number tells you that
which type of gate is embedded in the corresponding IC. After inserting the
bread board, connect the 7th terminal of IC by using a connecting wire with
the ground port of digital logic training system apparatus. Connect the 14th
terminal of IC with 5V power supply. Input voltage at 1st and 2nd terminal of IC
chip. Take output by connecting the 3rd terminal with output slot of
apparatus. If you are verifying NOT gate then only one input is needed at 1 st
terminal and output is taken from 2nd terminal of IC. ON/OF the switch to
verify the gate embedded into the given IC chip. Light on means that output
is 1 and light of means that output is 0. Repeat this procedure for AND,
NOT and OR gate.

Number assigned to given IC according to logic embedded

in it:

AND is assigned 7408

OR is assigned 7432
NOT is assigned 7404

Truth Table of AND gate:

input
0
1

output
1
0

Conclusion:
After verifying the above truth table we conclude that the 7432 IC is
embedded with OR gate.

Picture of NOT gate verification experiment

Experiment # 04

Objective:
To verify the Exclusive-OR gate using NAND gates

Apparatus:
1 Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2 Connecting wires
3 IC chips embedded with NAND gates

What is an Exclusive OR gate?

Actually a gate is an arrangement of electrical elements such that this
arrangement of electrical elements manipulates a given input according to a

particular logic. Binary coding is very useful to deal with gates. Here 1
represents the presence of a signal and 0 represents the absence of a
signal. Exclusive OR gate work on the following principle:
Output is 1 if and only if inputs are different from each other, otherwise
output is 0.

Procedure:
Arrange the given ICs, embedded with NAND gates, onto the bread board according
to arrangement as shown in the figure below.

Apply input at 1st and 2nd pin of gate # 03. Connect the 1st pin of gate # 01 with
input terminal A and 2nd pin of gate # 01 with output of gate # 03. Connect the 1 st
pin of gate # 02 with output of gate # 03 and 2 nd pin of gate # 02 with input
terminal B. Connect the 1st and 2nd pin of gate # 04 with output of gate # 01 and
gate # 02 respectively. Take the output from gate # 04. Apply different input
combinations from digital logic training system to verify the Exclusive OR gate.

Truth Table of Exclusive OR gate:

INPUT 1
1
1
0
0

Conclusion:

INPUT 2
1
0
1
0

OUTPUT
0
1
1
0

After applying different combinations of inputs we conclude that the

arrangement of NAND gates on bread board as directed by procedure is
reacting as an Exclusive-OR gate.

Picture of verification of Exclusive-OR gate using NAND gates

Experiment # 05

Objective:
To verify the logic of half adder using Exclusive-OR and AND gate

Apparatus:
1 Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2 Connecting wires
3 IC chips embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND gates

What is Half Adder?

Half Adder is a combinational circuit, which takes 2 numbers (one bit binary)
from the user and then it add up these numbers using binary addition and
results in two outputs, one is for sum and other is for carry.

Procedure:
Arrange the given ICs, embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND gate, onto the
bread board according to arrangement as shown in the figure below.

Apply input at 1st and 2nd pin of both ICs. Ground the 7th pin of both ICs. Supply
voltage at 14th pin of both ICs. Apply different input combinations to verify the half
adder circuit.

Truth Table of Half Adder:

INPUT 1
1
1
0
0

Conclusion:

INPUT 2
1
0
1
0

Sum
0
1
1
0

Carry
1
0
0
0

After applying different combinations of inputs we conclude that the

arrangement of Exclusive-OR and AND gates is corresponds to half adder
circuit.

Picture of verification of Half Adder

Experiment # 06

Objective:
To verify the logic of full adder using 2 half adders and an OR gate

Apparatus:
1- Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2- Connecting wires
3- IC chips embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates

What is Full Adder?

Full Adder is a combinational circuit, which takes 3 numbers (one bit binary)
from the user and then it add up these numbers using binary addition and
results in two outputs, one is for sum and other is for carry.

Procedure:
Arrange the given ICs, embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates,
onto the bread board according to arrangement as shown in the figure below.

Apply input1 and input2 on the 1 st and 2nd terminal of both Exclusive-OR and
AND gate. Apply the output of 1st Exclusive-OR gate at 1st terminal of 2nd
Exclusive-OR gate. Apply input3 at 2nd terminal of 2nd Exclusive-OR gate. Also
apply these inputs to 2nd AND gate. Apply the outputs of both AND gates to OR
gate. The output of 2nd Exclusive-OR gate is sum and output of OR gate is carry.

Truth Table of Full Adder:

INPUT 1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

INPUT 2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

INPUT 3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Carry
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

Sum
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

Conclusion:
After applying different combinations of inputs we conclude that the
arrangement of Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates is corresponds to
full adder circuit.

Picture of verification of full Adder

Experiment # 06

Objective:
To verify the logic of full adder using 2 half adders and an OR gate

Apparatus:
1- Digital Logic Training System (including bread board)
2- Connecting wires
3- IC chips embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates

What is Full Adder?

Full Adder is a combinational circuit, which takes 3 numbers (one bit binary)
from the user and then it add up these numbers using binary addition and
results in two outputs, one is for sum and other is for carry.

Procedure:
Arrange the given ICs, embedded with Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates,
onto the bread board according to arrangement as shown in the figure below.

Apply input1 and input2 on the 1 st and 2nd terminal of both Exclusive-OR and
AND gate. Apply the output of 1st Exclusive-OR gate at 1st terminal of 2nd
Exclusive-OR gate. Apply input3 at 2nd terminal of 2nd Exclusive-OR gate. Also
apply these inputs to 2nd AND gate. Apply the outputs of both AND gates to OR
gate. The output of 2nd Exclusive-OR gate is sum and output of OR gate is carry.

Truth Table of Full Adder:

INPUT 1

INPUT 2

INPUT 3

Carry

Sum

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

Conclusion:
After applying different combinations of inputs we conclude that the
arrangement of Exclusive-OR and AND and OR gates is corresponds to
full adder circuit.

Picture of verification of full Adder