Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
CCL Gulf
Project :
Status:
For Approval
Name
Prepared by:
Checked
Eng.
for
CCL
B-1178-BD-01
Signature
Date
MB
30-10-2013
SK
31-10-2013
SK
31-10-2013
Table of Content
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Scope............................................................................................................................................ 3
3.1
3.2
4
4.1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
ANNEX A ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Page 2 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
This document provides general background to the design philosophy used for the design of posttensioned slabs and beams for CCL Gulf. It outlines the key design assumptions, general theoretical
approach and the technical standards and design software used.
1.2 Scope
This document is intended for use for post-tension design work undertaken for CCL Gulf on Lilian
Tower, Business Bay, Dubai, UAE. All information is based on the bonded CCL system and is limited
to suspended slabs and beams.
CCL Engineering assumes that all columns and walls are adequately designed in order to accept the
loading transferred from the PT slabs
The scope of the post-tension design is designed to the gravity design loads as shown on the
provided drawings and the combined action for gravity, Lateral (wind & seismic), creep, shrinkage
and thermal effect as provided by the ETABS model submitted by the Main Consultant.
A minimum bottom mesh of T10@200 will be provided as requested by the main consultant as note
no. 20 on drawings S002.
2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
2.1
2.2
Incoming Drawings
The post-tension design will be carried out in accordance with the supplied fully coordinated
drawings. CCL Gulf will not take responsibility for the coordination of the drawings or for identifying
inconsistencies; however where obvious inconsistencies are found between architectural, structural
and MEP drawings, we will bring the matter to the attention of the Main Contractor to resolve.
2.3
The loading for the post tensioned slab design are provided in drawing S000, general arrangement plan
st
drawings and K&A Design Criteria (via letter ref. DU1112/DU/19352/2013 dated 01 October 2013)
issued to CCL Gulf at start of the project.
Cladding load will be considered as (Height x 1.0) kN/m. For block wall, the peripheral load will be
considered as (Height x 3.6) kN/m.
Page 3 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
Lateral (wind & seismic), creep, shrinkage and thermal effect are as provided by the ETABS model
submitted by the Main Consultant to CCL Gulf at start of the project.
RAM Concept
RAM Concept V8i r4.1.3 is the primary tool for the design of the PT slabs and beams and RC slabs.
RAM Concept is a Finite Element based design and analysis tool which enables efficient modelling
of both regular and irregular post-tension floor arrangements.
The software represents the floor plate geometry with shell elements capable of modelling both inplane (membrane) and out-of-plane (plate bending) effects. The ability to define the vertical
eccentricity of structural members enables the software to represent steps in slab levels, beams
(up-stands and down-stands) and recesses and consider the interaction of in-plane and out-ofplane effects. All significant openings are included the analysis to accurately establish load paths
and force concentrations.
Loads are applied either as point loads, line loads or areas loads and can be superimposed on plan
to develop the cumulative loading arrangement for any particular load case. Serviceability and
Ultimate Limit State load combinations are created by the software in accordance with code
requirements.
Column and wall supports are represented with either as point or line supports with vertical and
rotational stiffness calculated based on the column/wall dimensions and concrete properties.
Post-tension tendons are represented explicitly by the user and the equivalent forces are
automatically calculated and applied to the finite element model as a separate load case including
the appropriate post-tension losses. Both the in-plane and out-of plane effects of post-tensioning
are modelled (i.e. pre-compression and equivalent load). Secondary (or parasitic) moments are
automatically calculated by RAM Concept and are considered in the Ultimate Limit State design
calculations. Both short-term and long-term pre-stressing losses are automatically calculated along
the tendon profile based on the user defined parameters based on the post-tensioning system.
Design checks are carried out by the software based on concrete cross-sections defined by design
strips or design sections predefined by the user on plan. Design checks are carried out for the
transfer, serviceability and strength (Ultimate Limit State) conditions in accordance with ACI318-08.
All reinforcement requirements are detailed by the software graphically on plan output.
The mesh of the finite element is generally generated with size of (0.8 x 0.8 m). Ram Concept
generates the mesh before performing the analysis.
3.2
Page 4 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
Construction Materials
(i)
Concrete
2
Fc = 45 N/mm
2
Fc = 40 N/mm
2
Fci = 28 N/ mm
(ii)
th
Th
(Cylinder) for slabs and beams, after 28 days for P1, P2, 4 ,4A & 5 Floors.
Th
(Cylinder) for slabs and beams, after 28 days for 6 to Roof Floors.
(Cylinder) at Transfer for all floors.
The Yield strength for all reinforcement bars is 420 N/mm as stated in drawing S000.
(iii)
Tendons
This document is intended for use with the bonded CCL post-tensioning system. Below
summarizes the relevant tendon design properties for all the anchors and strand combinations 12.9
mm diameter for PT slabs and 15.7mm diameter for transfer beams bonded strands using CCL
anchors.
- GUTS
- Tensile strength
- Area 12.9mm
- Area 15.7mm
- Modulus of Elasticity Es
- Jacking force
(iv)
Anchors
CCL Flat anchorages types XF10 3/13 and XF20 5/13 for the PT slabs and XM40 12/15 and XM60
19/15 for transfer beams will be used. XF anchors can accommodate up to 3 and 5 12.9 strands
and XM anchors can accommodate up to 12 and 19 15.7 strands.
Further details on the CCL Anchors will be provided in the material submittals.
(v)
Ducts
Flat corrugated galvanized ducts of 45 X 20mm for XF10 3/13 and 70 X 20 mm for XF20 are used
in the PT slab. Round corrugated galvanized ducts of 80mm dia for XM40 12/15 and 100mm dia
for XM60 19/15 are used in the PT transfer beams.
4.2
Post-tension losses are calculated automatically by RAM Concept based on the tendon profiles and
the CCL system parameters, resulting in a force profile along the length of the tendon. The CCL
system parameters for short-term losses are as follows:
Wobble friction coefficient, K
Angular friction coefficient,
Anchor Friction
Wedge draw-in
Page 5 of 11
=
=
=
=
0.0017 /meter
0.2 /radian
0.02
6 mm.
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
The total long-term losses are input manually in RAM Concept and are included in the automatically
calculated tendon force profile for the final condition. The long-term losses include consideration of
2
strand relaxation, creep and long-term shrinkage. A value of 100 N/mm is suitable for most posttension slabs in Gulf region.
4.3
Concrete cover
4.4
In order to facilitate consistent design and to assist with site installation, tendon and reinforcement
layering system should ensures that tendons can be installed without any obstruction from passive
reinforcement that may prevent the assumed design profile being achieved. This is particularly
relevant at internal columns where heavy flexure and punching shear reinforcement may be
specified. The minimum cover to duct is always no less than 30mm.
The design of the PT slabs and beams takes into consideration the following tolerance:
Page 6 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
4.5
4.6
Tendon Stressing
Measure elongation to closest 3.2 mm
If difference between measured and calculated elongations exceed plus or minus 7 percent,
PT designer will review these elongation and issue his approval or recommendations.
For tendons that are shorter than 8 m (calculated elongation of about 5 cm), the tolerance can
be up to 6.5 mm instead of in percept, as even a small discrepancy will exceed the allowable
7 percept.
Consideration of release for elastic shortening due to post-tension forces is included in the design
and, where agreed with the Main Contractor, infill strips and release details are specified. These
details are indicated on the post-tension design drawings.
It is usually recommended that, where temporary release is proposed, it remains for a minimum of
21 days following casting and stressing of the last adjacent horizontal element.
Page 7 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
4.7
CCL Gulf is not responsible for temporary works design and do not consider temporary works in the
design process. We will however indicate stressing sequences or extraordinary propping where
critical to safety.
The effect of release details and pour strips is not usually critical to the design and does not
significantly influence the forces and moments in the permanent condition provided that the infill strip
locations are sensibly located and adequate propping is provided to all affected spans.
Infill strips to be cast from same slab concrete strength a minimum 21 days after adjacent slabs have
been cast, and all stressing and grouting operations have been completed. Side faces of completed
slabs should be suitably prepared to achieve aggregate interlock. Edges of infill strips are to remain
propped until concrete has reached full design strength.
Special care should be taken in the design of the propping system at pour strips in order to account
for the upper slabs loads.
4.8
4.9
Fire Rating
The fire rating for this project is as Main Consultant design specification
4.10
There are no specific requirements for crack widths limitation for class T in ACI 318-08 cl. R18.4
Table R18.3.3. CCL Gulf design will be limited uncracked section for 2 way PT slabs.
Minor non-structural cracks may appear in the PT Slab due to restraint of the vertical elements even
before stressing. Any such cracks can be closed to prevent water seepage.
Page 8 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
4.11
Structural
Elements
Class
Compression
< 0.6fci
Two-way
PT slab
PT Beams
&
One- way
PT slab
PT Beams
&
One- way
PT slab
PT Beams
&
One- way
PT slab
Section
Properties
for stress
calculation
at service
Deflection
calculation
basis
<0.5
Cross section
un-cracked
Gross section
un-cracked
refer to ACI
318-08-9.5.4.1
ft< 0.625
Cross section
un-cracked
Gross section
un-cracked
refer to ACI
318-08-9.5.4.1
0.625
Cross section
in transition
between uncracked and
cracked
Cracked
section refer to
ACI 318-089.5.4.2
Cross section
cracked
Cracked
section refer to
ACI 318-089.5.4.2
Tension
Compression
Tension
PT + sustained
loads < 0.45fc
< 0.25
Ends of simply
supported members
< 0.7fci
Ends
of
simply
supported members
< 0.5
PT + total loads
< 0.6fc
< 0.6fci
< 0.25
PT + sustained
loads < 0.45fc
Ends of simply
supported members
< 0.7fci
Ends
of
simply
supported members
< 0.5
PT +
<0.6fc
< 0.6fci
< 0.25
PT + sustained
loads < 0.45fc
Ends of simply
supported members
< 0.7fci
Ends
of
simply
supported members
< 0.5
PT + total loads
<0.6fc
< 0.6fci
< 0.25
No
requirement
total
ft >
Ends of simply
supported members
< 0.7fci
Ends
of
simply
supported members
< 0.5
No
requirement
<ft <
The standard CCL Gulf approach is to use average stresses from the finite element model and
compare these stresses with those in Table R18.3.3 for class U & T (ACI318-08). Design sections
are placed where parts of the slab are normal reinforced concrete.
4.12
Long-term deflection
Deflection to be considered
That part of the total deflection occurring after attachment of non-structural elements (Summation of
the long-term deflection due to all sustained loads and the immediate deflection due to any additional
live load). Also refer to table 9.5(b)
Page 9 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
For the floor slabs and beams the maximum deflections are maintained below the following values
with the understanding that the floor structure is not supporting or attached to non-structural elements
likely to be damaged by large deflections of the floors:
Member
Slabs
L/360
Beams
L/360
Note that the incremental deflections of the slab & beam after the installation of partitions and finishes
are limited to the least of span/480. (refer to table 9.5(b))
Page 10 of 11
06-Oct-2013
B-1178-BD-00
ANNEX A
0.2L
Page 11 of 11
06-Oct-2013
0.25b
B-1178-BD-00