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GSM
MODEM
89S52
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Methodology
Scope of Work
Aims of the GSM Electronic Notice Board
Objectives of the GSM Home Appliance Control Device
Block diagram
Circuit diagram
Component list
Technical Details
Main Cellular Standards
GSM Frequencies
Network Structure
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Literature Review
GSM Security
HARDWAR DISCRIPTION
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
GSM Modem
Accessing GSM MODEM using Microsoft HyperTerminal
3
INTRODUCTION
GSM and GPRS based Designs have developed another
innovative and Public utility product for mass communication
[1]. This is a Stepper Motor Control Device which control the
Stepper Motor through messages received as SMS or GPRS
Packets and also send acknowledgement of task. Such Devices
can be used at different areas of the human being life. Such
offices, houses, factories etc. Sent command from Mobiles or
PCs to these devices for move the motor clockwise,
anticlockwise, stop. These devices are designed to remotely
control the Stepper Motor from anywhere and anytime. Wireless
communication has announced its arrival on big stage and the
world is going mobile [2]. We want to control everything and
without moving an inch. This remote control Stepper Motor
Control device is possible through Embedded Systems. The use
of Embedded System in Communication has given rise to
many interesting applications that ensures comfort and safety to
human life [3]. The main aim of the project will be to design a
SMS electronic Stepper Motor Control toolkit which can replace
the traditional Stepper Motor Control Devices. The toolkit
5
METHODOLOGY
The method used to carry out this project is the principle of
serial communication in collaboration with embedded systems.
This is a very good project for Industries. This project has a
Stepper Motor Control, which will be used as the electronic
device, and also a GSM modem, which is the latest technology
used for communication between the mobile and the embedded
devices.
System will work like when the user wants to on/off the
device; he has to send the message in his mobile defining the
messages and then the password of the system to the number of
the subscriber identity module (SIM) which is inserted in the
display system MODEM. Then, the MODEM connected to the
display system will receive the SMS, the microcontroller inside
the system is programmed in such a way that when the modem
receives any message the microcontroller will read the message
from serial headphone and verify for the password, if the
password is correct then it will start performing desire task.
7
SCOPE OF WORK
I will use liquid crystal display for displaying the message; I will
also use GSM modem (Motorola W220) as an interface between
mobile and microcontroller. I will send message from any phone
irrespective of the GSM network to the modem connected to the
programmable device using a password. The message will get
by the GSM Modem of the device and do specific task.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
REGULATED
POWER SUPPLY
BUZZER
LCD
GSM
MODEM
89S52
MOBILE PHONES
ULN2803
STEPPER
MOTOR
10
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
11
COMPONENT LIST
12
Capacity
Quantity
Code
Regulator
7805
U1
Regulator
7812
U3
Capacitor
1000f
C1
Capacitor
10f
C2
Ceramic Capacitor
22pf
C3,C4
Diode
D1,D2,D3,D4
Push Button
Mobile Phone
STEPPER MOTOR
40 Pin Base
U2
16 Pin Base
U5
8051(AT89S52)
ULN2003
Oscillator
11.0592mhz
LED
X1
D5
Resistance
220
R1
Resistance
1k
R3
Resistance
10k
R2
LCD
16*2
13
GSM ARCHITECTURE
GSM is a complex system and difficult to understand. The
Mobile Station (MS) refers to the mobile equipment [6]. The
14
Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link with the Mobile
Station. The Network Subsystem performs main functions such
as switching of calls between mobile users, mobility
management operations, and proper operation and setup of a
network [7]. These functions are controlled by the Mobile
Services Switching Center (MSC).
Technical Details
GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones
connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity.
STANDARD
MOBILE
TECHNO
PRIMARY
TELEPHONE
LOGY
MARKETS
SYSTEM
1981
NMT540
NORDIC
MOBILE ANALOG
TELEPHONY
1985
TACS
TOTAL
UE
ACCESS ANALOG
COMMUNUNICATION
UE
EUROPE,MIDDL
E EAST
EUROPE
CHINA
SYSTEM
1986
NMT900
NORDIC
MOBILE ANALOG
15
EUROPE,
AND
TELEPHONY
1991
GSM
UE
MIDDLE EAST
WORLD-WIDE
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
1991
TDMA
TIME
DIVISION DIGITAL
AMERICA
MULTIPLE ACCESS
1993
CDMA
CODE
DIVISION DIGITAL
MULTIPLE ACCESS
NORTH
AMERICA,
KOREA
1992
GSM 1800
EUROPE
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
1994
PDC
PERSONAL
DIGITAL DIGITAL
JAPAN
CELLULAR
1995
2001
PCS 1900
GSM 800
PERSONAL
DIGITAL
NORTH
COMPUTER SERVICES
AMERICA
NORTH
MOBILE
AMERICA
COMMUNICATION
2006-TILL
DATE
GSM 450
WORLD-WIDE
MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
GSM FREQUENCIES
GSM networks operate in a number of different frequency
ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS
16
Network Structure
The network behind the GSM seen by the customer is large and
complicated in order to provide all of the services which are
required.
hire a security guard to the watch the house for security. But in
this new design, the systems need not be reprogrammed to
control
HOME
SECURITY
SYSTEM
changing
the
19
20
TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from
one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors
the transformer's coils or "windings". Except for air-core
transformers, the conductors are commonly wound around a
single iron-rich core, or around separate but magneticallycoupled cores. A varying current in the first or "primary"
winding creates a varying magnetic field in the core (or cores) of
the transformer. This varying magnetic field induces a varying
electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the "secondary"
winding. This effect is called mutual induction.
21
an
IRON-CORE
TRANSFORMER.
Most
power
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
BASIC OPERATION
According to the conventional model of current flow originally
established by Benjamin Franklin and still followed by most
engineers today, current is assumed to flow through electrical
conductors from the positive to the negative pole. In actuality,
free electrons in a conductor nearly always flow from the
negative to the positive pole. In the vast majority of
applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is
irrelevant. Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional
model is retained.
In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left
corner of the diamond is positive, and the input connected to the
right corner is negative, current flows from the upper supply
terminal to the right along the red (positive) path to the output,
and returns to the lower supply terminal via the blue (negative)
path.
25
When the input connected to the left corner is negative, and the
input connected to the right corner is positive, current flows
from the lower supply terminal to the right along the red path to
the output, and returns to the upper supply terminal via the blue
path.
In each case, the upper right output remains positive and lower
right output negative. Since this is true whether the input is AC
or DC, this circuit not only produces a DC output from an AC
26
OUTPUT SMOOTHING
For many applications, especially with single phase AC where
the full-wave bridge serves to convert an AC input into a DC
output, the addition of a capacitor may be desired because the
bridge alone supplies an output of fixed polarity but
continuously varying or "pulsating" magnitude (see diagram
above).
27
28
29
withstand the current surge that occurs when the power is turned
on at the peak of the AC voltage and the capacitor is fully
discharged. Sometimes a small series resistor is included before
the capacitor to limit this current, though in most applications
the power supply transformer's resistance is already sufficient.
Output can also be smoothed using a choke and second
capacitor. The choke tends to keep the current (rather than the
voltage) more constant. Due to the relatively high cost of an
effective choke compared to a resistor and capacitor this is not
employed in modern equipment.
Some early console radios created the speaker's constant field
with the current from the high voltage ("B +") power supply,
which was then routed to the consuming circuits, (permanent
magnets were then too weak for good performance) to create the
speaker's constant magnetic field. The speaker field coil thus
performed 2 jobs in one: it acted as a choke, filtering the power
supply, and it produced the magnetic field to operate the
speaker.
31
REGULATOR IC (78XX)
REGULATORS
regulators. The most commonly used ones are 7805 and 7812.
7805 gives fixed 5V DC voltage if input voltage is in (7.5V,
20V).
33
35
FILTERE
38
42
43
capacitor, and the lower the average value of output voltage. For
this reason, the simple capacitive filter is seldom used with
rectifier circuits that must supply a relatively large load current.
Using the simple capacitive filter in conjunction with a fullwave or bridge rectifier provides improved filtering because the
increased ripple frequency decreases the capacitive reactance of
the filter capacitor.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY
44
DIODE
The diode is a p-n junction device. Diode is the component
used to control the flow of the current in any one direction. The
diode widely works in forward bias.
46
FUNCTION
Resistor restrict the flow of electric current, for example a
resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode(LED) to
limit the current passing through the LED.
TYPES OF RESISTORS
FIXED VALUE RESISTORS
It includes two types of resistors as carbon film and metal film
.These two types are explained under
CARBON FILM RESISTORS
During manufacture, at in film of carbon is deposited onto a
small ceramic rod. The resistive coating is spiraled away in an
automatic machine until the resistance between there two ends
of the rods is as close as possible to the correct value. Metal
leads and end caps are added, the resistors is covered with an
47
48
TESTING
Resistors are checked with an ohm meter/millimeter. For a
defective resistor the ohm-meter shows infinite high reading.
CAPACITORS
In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although they
work in completely different ways, capacitors and batteries both
store electrical energy. If you have read How Batteries Work ,
49
then you know that a battery has two terminals. Inside the
battery, chemical reactions produce electrons on one terminal
and absorb electrons at the other terminal.
BASIC
Like a battery, a capacitor has two terminals. Inside the
capacitor, the terminals connect to two metal plates separated by
a dielectric. The dielectric can be air, paper, plastic or anything
else that does not conduct electricity and keeps the plates from
touching each other. You can easily make a capacitor from two
pieces of aluminum foil and a piece of paper. It won't be a
particularly good capacitor in terms of its storage capacity, but it
will work.
In an electronic circuit, a capacitor is shown like this:
50
TESTING
To test the capacitors, either analog meters or specia
l digital meters with the specified function are used. The nonelectrolyte capacitor can be tested by using the digital meter.
Multi meter mode : Continuity Positive probe : One end
Negative probe :
Faulty OK
51
`0`(beep sound
LED
LED falls within the family of P-N junction devices. The light
emitting diode (LED) is a diode that will give off visible light
when it is energized. In any forward biased P-N junction there
is, with in the structure and primarily close to the junction, a
recombination of hole and electrons. This recombination
requires that the energy possessed by the unbound free electron
be transferred to another state. The process of giving off light by
applying an electrical source is called electroluminescence.
condition. The LEDs are available in the round shell and also in
the flat shells. The positive leg is longer than negative leg.
STEPPER MOTOR
53
FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATION
54
55
GSM Modem
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM
wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up
modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line
while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio
waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a
SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate [11].
->
Accessories
->
Communications
->
HyperTerminal.
4. In the Connection Description dialog box (as shown in the
screenshot given below), I enter any file name and choose an
icon I like for the connection. Then I click the OK button.
. In the Connect To dialog box, choose the COM port that your
mobile phone or GSM modem is connecting to in the Connect
using combo box. I choose COM1 because my mobile phone is
57
call and I will hear a lot of noise. Then it becomes quiet and I
see my login prompt or my dialing program tells me the
connection is established. Now I have a connection with the
server from my provider and I can surf the Internet [13].
the LCDs internal Busy Flag which tells us if the LCD has
accepted and finished processing the last instruction [20]. This
problem is overcome by inserting known delays into my
program. The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the
LCD panel. Nothing fancy here.
I used a power supply of 5volt. The user may select whether the
LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or an 8- bit data bus. If a
4-bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of 7 data
lines. If an 8-bit data bus is used, the LCD will require a total of
11 data lines [20]. LCD with 8-bit data bus is used for this
design. The three control lines are EN, RS, and RW. EN line
must be raised/lowered before/after each instruction sent to the
LCD regardless of whether that instruction is read or write text
or instruction. In short, I manipulate EN when communicating
with the LCD.
61
PROGRAMMER
When we have to learn about a new computer we have to
familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we
can do it by studying the internal hardware design (devices
architecture), and also to know about the size, number and the
size of the registers.
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor
(the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or
flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and
an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions
of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a
myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For
example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers.
The following picture describes a general block diagram of
microcontroller.
89S52:
63
The pin diagram of the 8051 shows all of the input/output pins
unique to microcontrollers:
Internal ROM 4k
clock circuits.
SIMULATOR
KEIL Micro Vision is an integrated development environment
used to create software to be run on embedded systems (like a
microcontroller). It allows for such software to be written either
66
Tool configuration.
Editor.
A powerful debugger.
To create a GSM HOME SECURITY SYSTEM project in
uVision3:
1. Select Project - New Project.
2. Select a directory and enter the name of the project file.
3. Select Project Select Device and select a device from
Device Database.
4. Create source files to add to the project
5. Select Project - Targets, Groups, and Files. Add/Files,
select Source Group1, and add the
Source files to the project.
6. Select Project - Options and set the tool options. Note that
when the target device is selected from the Device
Database all-special options are set automatically. Default
memory model settings are optimal for most applications.
7. Select Project - Rebuild all target files or Build target.
68
71
microcontrollers.
A view of PRO51
72
CONCLUSION
GSM and GPRS based Designs have developed another
innovative and Public utility product for mass communication
[1]. The project is aimed at developing the security of Home
against Intruders, Gas Leak and Fire. In any of the above three
cases any one met while you are out of your home than the
device sends SMS to the emergency no provided to it.
The report consists of a background into the area of 8051
microcontroller and mobile communication, how they are
interfaced to each other and AT (Attention) commands set used
in communication. The Microcontroller based system
continuously watching the security issues of your house, if any
mishap condition from above three is occur it will sense and
send a message to your mobile.
The main aim of the project will be to design a SMS electronic
HOME SECURITY SYSTEM toolkit which can replace the
traditional HOME SECURITY SYSTEM.
73
again.
A leg of the crystal oscillator was broken during mounting.
So it has to be replaced.
LED`s get damaged when we switched ON the supply so
we replace it by the new one.
TROUBLESHOOT
Care should be taken while soldering. There should be no
shorting of joints.
Proper power supply should maintain.
FUTURE IMPROVEMENT
by utilizing AT
75
REFERENCES
1. The 8051Microcontroller by Kenneth J. Ayala
2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by
Muhammad Ali Mazidi.
3. Principles and Applications of GSM by Vijay Garg.
4. Artificial Intelligence Elain Rich & Kevin Knight, Tata Mc
Graw Hill, 2nd Edition.
5. Artificial Intelligence A Modern approach Slaurt Russel
and Peter Norving, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition.
6. Introduction to Robotics P.J.Mc Kerrow, Addisson Wesley,
USA, 1991 Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications:
Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice Hall, 2001.
7. A. Clark and R. Harun, Assessment of kalman-_lter channel
estimators for an HF radio link," IEE Proceedings, vol. 133,
pp. 513{521, Oct 1986.
8. ETS 300 502. European Digital Cellular Telecommunication
System (Phase 2); Teleservices Supported by a GSM Public
Land Mobile Network (PLMN). European
Telecommunications Standards Institute. September 1994.
9. Matthew C. Valenti and Jian Sun, Chapter 12: Turbo Codes,
Handbook of RF and Wireless
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80
Contact us:
+91-120-4298000
+91-9212314779
info@hbeonlabs.com
training@hbeonlabs.com
www. hbeonlabs.com