GREEN MANUFACTURING

MANUFACTURING
(COLLOQUIM REPORT)

BASUDEB SHIT
B.M.E-IV,SEC- A2
ROLL-001111201028
001111201028
JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY

PREFACE
The word colloquim stands for formal academic presentation . As a
compulsory subject we have colloquim in our course curriculum .we
have already presented our individual topic in the class. Now I have
made a brief description of the topic to explain the topic in an effective
way.

CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

What is green manufacturing?

Goals
Why green manufacturing?
Benefits of green manufacturing
Processes of green manufacturing
Examples
Barriers to green manufacturing
Description of keywords

 What is green manufacturing?

Green Manufacturing is a method for manufacturing that minimizes
waste and pollution achieved through product and process design. It
slows the depletion of natural resources as well as lowering the
extensive amounts of trash that enter landfills. Its emphasis is on
reducing parts, rationalizing materials, and reusing
components(effective life cycle managemet), to help make products
more efficient to build. It should also minimize resource consumption.
Green Manufacturing is a philosophy rather than an adopted process
because it motivates ongoing improvement efforts even though it may
be impossible to achieve.It is a holistic endeavor intended to result in
less waste, cleaner products and processes, a better and safer working
environment, improved relationships between companies and local

communities, compliance with government regulations, and

enhancement of profitability and competitiveness.
The reason it is such an important tool is because it intertwines with
todays manufacturing strategies of global sourcing, concurrent
engineering, and total quality.

Green Manufacturings Goal

I.

Its goal is to achieve sustainability.

II.

Every company when it comes to green manufacturing should be

conserving natural resources for future generations.

III.
IV.

To gain maximum return on investment.

To reduce carbon footprint.

Why Green Manufacturing?

To answer the above question one has to ask questions about
the Manufacturers Responsibilities,so as to, Where does a
manufacturers responsibility end? What is an acceptable level of
toxic emission? The questions further lead to more questions to
be answered, as to,Responsibility, does it end at the sale? Does a
customer's responsibility end at the landfill when they are
finished using the product? Who should decide on the toxic level?

The people that live in the neighborhood of the government? In

the end no one really knows where anything stops and so
therefore companies and individuals must take it upon
themselves to help eliminate waste. They should not wait for it to
become a lawSo in summary the objectives areI.

Strive for a better , pollution free world

II.

Ensure minimum cost of production

III.

Safer working environment

IV.

To gain customer trust

V.

Compliance with government regulations

Benefits Of Green Manufacturing

Creates a great reputation to the public.

The reputation of a company to the public is always an important thing

because it can float or sink a company. If a company pollutes its
neighborhoods, people would begin to move away creating a lack of
employees which might damage their production numbers.

Saves useless cost.

Eliminating waste saves money because companies wouldn't have to

figure out what to do with parts in the end when it could be recycled.

Promotes Research and Design

Firms that are using green manufacturing create 2x the products due to
its research and development. (Richard Florida in California
Management Article)

Process of Green Manufacturing

I.

Companies move from traditional end-of-pipe control to new

technologies.

Examples of new technologies would be things like pollution

prevention, production process modernization, materials substitution.
etc.

II.

End-Of-Life Management

End of life management is the full life cycle starting from the virgin
materials to the use and disposal of the final product.

III.

Waste source reduction on the spot & Recycling.

Global environmental standards like ISO 14000 are being

introduced that emphasize management systems that address
environmental concerns, operations that consider energy and
natural resource consumption, and systems for measuring,
assessing and managing waste streams.
Reduction of wastage has also helped in the cost reduction in the
long-term perspective. Wastage reduction directly deals with the
minimization of residuals. Any manufacturing process produces
residuals and/or generates wastage. Residuals are normally
different from the input resources, while wastage is the
superfluous resources, which could not be tapped into the
transformation process.
Residuals can be reduced in manufacturing plants by three
common methods. They are reuse, remanufacture, and recycle.
Reuse occurs when the component has minor changes made
before forming a part of the final product. Remanufacture, results
in considerable change in the component before it can be taken
back into the product. Recycle requires maximum transformation
before it can be taken back into the manufacturing cycle. Most of
the times recycle involves out-of-industry treatment for the
component to be made useful. For example, printing may use

recycled paper, which becomes useful only after the paper has
been reprocessed in paper mills. Thus, reused, remanufactured
and recycled components are taken back into conversion process
at different stages with recycled being taken back at the earliest
phase of production.

IV.

Virgin Materials are recycled

Virgin materials can be recycled through the process of distillation and

filtering. The distilled or filtered materials could be reintroduced in the
life cycle wherever new materials aren't required.

V.

Invest in production process improvements rather than control

technology.

"Corporate companies spent $7.2 billion in pollution abatement and

control expenditure of which $3.2 billion were on production process
enhancement.

VI.

Advanced manufacturing systems promotes green design and

production strategies.

Manufacturing systems promotes green design because both strategies

are based on the dedication to product improvement, cost reduction,
and technology innovation.

VII.

Development of innovative manufacturing systems.

Improving the manufacturing system simultaneously minimizes cost

connected with environmental compliance.

VIII.

Reduction in leapfrogging from lily pad to lily pad. (Bergstrom,

50)

Leapfrogging from lily to lily pad means not to jump on every chemical
that initially describes itself as more environmentally safe but later on it
creates even more problems than the original material.

IX.

Substitute renewable sources for finite ones.

Substituting renewable sources for finite ones might not be completely

safe as found in a study between petroleum and plants. The study
concluded that even though plants could be used as a substitute the
cost in the end might be more and more environmentally dangerous.
(Gerngross, Daily University Science News)

X.

Funding research facilities.

Companies can fund researches that includes finding substitute

chemicals and materials that will eliminate pollution at the top.

XI.

Employee Recycling.

XII.

Companies must decide whether to make-or-buy.

Little things like recycling paper and soda cans can reduce a lot of waste
cost. Companies that produces materials can decide whether or not
they want to contract another company to make certain parts because
those companies might have better equipment and higher vertical
control technology.

Examples of Green Manufacturing

I.

TOYOTA JIT SYSTEM

The term JIT stands for just in time. Just-in-Time means making
"only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount
needed." For example, to efficiently produce a large number of
automobiles, which can consist of around 30,000 parts, it is

necessary to create a detailed production plan that includes parts

procurement. Supplying "what is needed, when it is needed, and in
the amount needed" according to this production plan can eliminate
waste, inconsistencies, and unreasonable requirements, resulting in
improved productivity. Worlds leading automobile firm
implemented this system to ensure green manufacturing.
II.

USING VEGETABLE OIL AS A POTENTIAL METAL CUTTING FLUID

A wide variety of cutting flids are commercially available in the

cutting flid suppliers in order to provide machining performances for
a number of industries. In machining, mineral, synthetic and semisynthetic cutting flids are widely used but, recently, uses of vegetable
based cutting flids have been increased. Although, these cutting flids
are benefiial in the industries, their uses are being questioned
nowadays as regards to health and environmental issues. Cutting flids
are contaminated with metal particles and degradation products
which diminish the effectiveness of cutting flids. To minimize the
adverse environmental effects associated with the use of cutting flids,
the hazardous components from their formulations have to be
eliminated or reduced to the acceptable level. In addition, mineral
based cutting flids are going to be replaced with vegetable based
cutting flids since they are environmentally friendly. Today to
diminish the negative effects associated with cutting flids, researchers

have developed new bio based cutting flids from various vegetable
oils.

MANUFACTURING BARRIERS TO
GREEN

SURVIVING THE TRANSITION

Despite having a plethora of advantages there are lot of barriers
hinders the implementation of green manufacturing . To
implement green manufacturing the industry has to change its
traditional production process which requires a huge
investment. But there is no assurance that this newly adopted
process will succeed. That is why every industry dares to take
the plunge as it might result in a huge loss to the industry.

KEYWORDS
SUSTAINABILITY-

The word sustainability is derived from the Latin sustinere (tenere,

to hold; sub, up). Sustain can mean maintain", "support", or
"endure.[4][5] Since the 1980s sustainability has been used more
in the sense of human sustainability on planet Earth and this has
resulted in the most widely quoted definition of sustainability as a

part of the concept sustainable development, that of the

Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20, 1987:
sustainable development is development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
Sustainable development is a road-map, an action plan, for
achieving sustainability in any activity that uses resources and
where immediate and intergenerational replication is demanded.
As such, sustainable development is the organizing principle for
sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of
future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that
envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which
living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs
without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of
natural biotic systems.
CARBON FOOTPRINT-

A carbon footprint is historically defined as "the total sets of

greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event,
product or person.
The total carbon footprint cannot be calculated because of the
large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide
can be produced by natural occurrences. It is for this reason that
Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal Carbon
Management, have suggested a more practicable definition:

A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and

methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or
activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage
within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population,
system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming
potential (GWP100).
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be emitted through transport,
land clearance, and the production and consumption of food,
fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings,
and services.For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in
terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other
GHGs, emitted.
Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S.
household come from "indirect" sources, i.e. fuel burned to
produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are
distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel
directly in one's car or stove, commonly referred to as "direct"
sources of the consumer's carbon footprint.