Electrostatics

24.
25.

(b) With temperature rise, dielectric constant of

liquid decreases.
(d) In the presence of medium force becomes

1
times.
K
26.

27.

(a) Separation between the spheres is not too

large as compared to their radius so due to
induction effect redistribution of charge takes
place. Hence effective charge separation
decreases so force increases.

35.

(b) Charge on glass rod is positive, so charge on

gold leaves will also be positive. Due to X-rays,
more electrons from leaves will be emitted, so
leaves becomes more positive and diverge
further.

36.

(d) Negative charge means excess of electron

which increases the mass of sphere B.

37.

(b) F

Q 1.6 105 C 16C

28.

are removed, so chare will be

(a) When put 1 cm apart in air, the force between

Na and Cl ions = F. When put in water, the
force between Na and Cl ions

29.

(d) Positive charge shows

electrons.
Number

30.
31.

14.4 1019
19

1.6 10

Since F Q1Q2 i.e.

+Q
B

F k

r2

FA FC
r/2

kQ2

r 2 2

kQ2
r2

9 109

(a)

since

1.8 N

9 109

106 2 106
(0.1)2

1.8N

FA
+2C
120o
C
FB
+1C
A

1C
B

10
cm

Net force on C

1 q1q2 F

4 0 r 2
K
K 1.

(10 10 2 )2

FB = force on C due to charge placed at B

(Q q)
r2

If F is the force in air, then

106 2 106

8F .

Q
1

6.25 1018
e 1.6 1019

34.

Q ne Q 1019 1.6 1019

(b) FA = force on C due to charge placed at A

dF
Q
2
0

For F to be maximum
dq
q
1

F 10 N

41.

(a) Let separation between two parts be r

(b)

40
3 8

4
F
2 3

(b) By using
1.6 C .

(Direction is shown in figure)

33.

F
QQ
1 2

F
Q'1 Q'2

40.

When a similar sphere B having charge +Q is

kept at the mid point of line joining A and C,
then Net force on B is Fnet F A FC

F k.q

Fmedium
1
K
i.e.
Fair
K

(Attractive)

r/2

32.

F2 11.25 N

(a) In second case, charges will be 2C and

3C

r 2 2

39.

+Q

(a) F

the deficiency of
of
electrons

(c) Initially, force between A and C

Q2

38.

F
K

(c)

r
1
F
1 2
2
F2 r1
r

5
0.04

F2 0.06

(a) Q ne 1014 1.6 1019

Electrons
positive.

227

is less than F

Fnet

(F A )2 (FB )2 2F A FB cos120o 1.8 N

42.

(c) By using Q ne Q 2e 3.2 1019 C

43.

(b)

F Q1Q2

F1 Q1Q2 10 20
8
' '

F2 Q1Q2 5 5
1
44.

(c) By using F 9 109.

Q2
r2

228 Electrostatics
(2 106 )2

F 9 10 .
45.

46.

(c) Effective air separation between them

becomes infinite so force becomes zero.
9

(a) F 9 10

9 199
47.

(0.5)2

0.144N

(d) By using K

51.

(c) | FB | | FC | k.

Q2
r

of

atoms

in

given

mass

52.

10 cm

= 9.48 1016

Q = 9.48 1016 1.6 1019 = 0.015 C

Force of attraction between the balls

(b) On rubbing glass rod with silk, excess electron

transferred from glass to silk. So glass rod
becomes positive and silk becomes negative.

54.

(c) F k

49.

(a) In

2Q
4b

and Outer

the

Q Ne

Q
80 10
N
5 1014
19
e
1.6 10

F F ' or

Q1Q2
Q1Q2
r

r'
2
2
4 0r
4 0r' K
K

(c)

57.

(b) Dielectric constant K

Permittivity of metals ( ) is assumed to be

very high.
58.

(c) Potential energy depends upon the charge at

peaks of irregularities. Since every event in the
universe leads to the minimisation of energy.

59.

(c) Let us consider 1 ball has any type of charge.

1 and 2 must have different charges, 2 and 4
must have different charges i.e. 1 and 4 must
have
same
charges
but
electrostatics
attraction is also present in (1, 4) which is
impossible.
(c) After following the guidelines mentioned above

q
B

or

56.

Q F
C
FA

4c 2

following
figure
since
and they are equally
inclined with each other,
so their resultant will
q
be zero.
A

(c) By

| F A | | FB | | FC |

FB

55.

Q + 2Q =
Q

+2
Q

So inner

r
r

2Q
a

e2
e2

k
.
r
r2
r3

2 108 N.
Charge
Surfacearea

4 0G

53.

Hence magnitude of charge gained by each

ball.

(a) Surface charge density ()

+Q
C

m2
1
q2

4 0 (16 10 2)2
(16 10 2)2

106

(0.1)

| FG | | Fe |

9.48 1022

FB sin

Hence force experienced by the charge at A in

the direction normal to BC is zero.
(d) They will not experience any force if

Transfer of electron between balls

(0.015)2

60o

60o

60o
B

48.

FC sin

60o

= 9.48 1022
+

F 9 109

aF2
C

10

6.02 1023
63.5

Q2

FC cos 60o60o
A
FB cos 60o
60o
FB 60o

(1.6 1019)2
2.3 10 8 N
10 2
(10 )

(c) Number

Fa
104
K
4
Fm
2.5 10 5

50.

60.

FC
+Q
A

FD
FAC

+Q
B

+Q

FA

Electrostatics

229

6.7 1011 9.1 1031 1.6 1027

(5 1011)2

FG

= 3.9 1047 N
Electrostatic force Fe

FA2 FC2 FD

Fnet FAC FD
Since FA FC

Fnet

61.

62.

kq2

kq
and FD
(a 2)2
a2

2kq2 kq2 kq2

2
a2
2a2
a

q2
4 0a2

Fe

So,

1
2
2

1 2 2

F k.

(fig. A). Finally when a

third spherical conductor comes in contact

alternately with B and C then removed, so
charges on B and C are Q / 2 and 3Q / 4
respectively (fig. B)
Q

Q/
2

3Q/4

(A)

3 106 8 106
3 8
4

6
6
6
6
1
(3 10 6 10 )(8 10 6 10 ) 3 2
F2

67.

(a) Initially

+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

F k
Finally

65.

Q/2

FB

....... (i)

Q/2

FA

C
r/2

r/2

Force on C due to A,

F
1 (7 106)(5 106 )
1 35 1012 B
F

N
4 0
4 0
r2
r2
6

12

1 (5 10 )(7 10 )
1 35 10

2
4 0
4 0
r
r2

(a) Gravitational force

Q2
r2

Force

F'

B
r

(b) When a positively charged body connected to

earth, electrons flows from earth to body and
body becomes neutral.

(a)

(B)

64.

F1
6 103

1.5 10 3 N
4
4

(Attractive)

Q 3Q

Now force
3
2 4
F ' k.
F
2
8
r
63.

F1
QQ
1 2
F2 Q1' Q2'

Q
r

FG

Gmemp
r2

Fe
9.22 108

2.36 1039
FG
3.9 10 47

(d) F Q1Q2

66.

Q
r2

9 109 1.6 1019 1.6 1019

(5 1011)2

9.22 108 N

(c) Since both are metals so equal amount of

charge will induce on them.
(d) Initially

1 e2
4 0 r 2

68.

on

FA

KQ(Q / 2) 2KQ

(r / 2)2
r2

k(Q / 2)2 kQ2

2
(r / 2)2
r
due

to

Net force on C, Fnet FB FA

kQ2
F
r2

Q2
. If Q is halved, r is doubled then
r2
1
F
times
16

(d) F k.

B,

230 Electrostatics
69.

(b) The schematic diagram of distribution of

charges on x-axis is shown in figure below :
1C

1C

1C

x =1

x =2

1C

1C

x =4

x =8

If

1
4 0

x2

2.

(a)

1 1 106 1 1 106

(1)2
(2)2

3.
4.

(d)
(c)

1 1 106 1 1 106

....
2
2
(4)
(8)

5.

(b)

6.

10 6 1 1
1
1

... 9 109 10 6

4 0 1 4 16 64

q
1.6

1019
19
e 1.6 10

71.

(a) In case of spherical metal conductor the

charge quickly spreads uniformly over the
entire surface because of which charges stay
for longer time on the spherical surface. While
in case of non-spherical surface, the charge
concentration is different at different points
due to which the charges do not stay on the
surface for longer time.

72.

(b) Nuclear force binds the protons and neutrons

in the nucleus of an atom.

equilibrium

then

If the whole system is in equilibrium then use

either of the above formula.
Inside the hollow sphere, at any point the
potential is constant.
The force is perpendicular to the displacement.
A movable charge produces electric field and
magnetic field both.
Because current flows from higher potential to
lower potential.
All charge resides on the outer surface so that
according to Gauss law, electric field inside a
shell is zero.

Now

(a)

in

V V V

i
j
k
Now E
y
z
x

70.

is
2

(a)

1
1 The electric potential V (x, y, z) 4 x2 volt
7.
1 (a)

4
4
9 10 10 9 103 = 12000 N
3
3
9

q QA

Total force acting on 1 C charge is given by

charge

V
V
V
8x,
0 and
0
x
y
z

Hence E 8x
i , so at point (1m, 0, 2m)
or
E 8
i volt/metre

8.

8 along negative Xaxis.

(b) Since potential inside the hollow sphere is
same as that on the surface.

9.

(d) On the equipotential surface, electric field is

normal to the charged surface (where potential
exists) so that no work will be done.

10.

(c) Electric lines force due to negative charge are

radially inward.

Electric Field and Potential

1.

(b) Suppose in the following figure, equilibrium of

charge B is considered. Hence for it's
equilibrium | FA | | FC |

1 qQ
1 Q2
Q

2 q
2
4

x
4 0 4x
4
0
q

QA = Q
A

x1

FC
x2

QB = Q
B

FA

Short Trick : For such type of problem the

magnitude
of middle charge
can
be
determined if either of the extreme charge is
in equilibrium by using the following formula.
If charge A is in equilibrium then q =

x
QB 1
x

11.

(b) Potential at the centre O,

V 4
where

1
Q
.
4 0 a / 2
10
109 C
3

and

a 8 cm 8 102 m
+q

+q
A
a
2

+q

+q C

Electrostatics

10
10 9
9
3
V 5 9 10
8 10 2

So

q should be less than 2.0833 103. In the

given set of options 2 103 is the maximum
charge which is smaller than 2.0833 103.
22.

(a) Suppose electric field is zero at point N in the

figure then
Q1 = 25C

1500 2 volt

dV
Vx xE0
dX

12.

(b) E

13.

(b) Obviously, from charge configuration, at the

centre electric field is non-zero. Potential at
2q

E2

E q E2q E
q

which gives

x1

23.
q

q
(r = distance of centre point)
r

Total potential V V2q V q V q 0

14.

(a) In non-uniform electric field. Intensity is more,

where the lines are more denser.

15.

(c)
EC =E
EC

EB

120o

EA
Enet = 0

16.

17.

EBC = E

EB =E

120o
EA = E

36
1
25

5cm

r1
. New charge on
r1 r2

the formula

Q1' Q

sphere

rA

rA rB

Q 'A Q

is

B.

25.

(b) Electrostatic energy density

26.

dU 1
K 0E 2
dV 2

dU
E2
dV

(a)
q0

(d) May be at positive, zero or negative potential,

it is according to the way one defines the zero
potential.

(c) K

Q2
1
Q1

(b) Because E points along the tangent to the

lines of force. If initial velocity is zero, then due
to the force, it always moves in the direction of
E. Hence will always move on some lines of
force.

10
C
A

ae mp
qE

19. (c) a

ap me
m
20.

11

24.

EA = E

mg
e

120
48 C . Initially it was
4 6
80C i.e., 32 C charge flows from A to

(c) ABCDE is an equipotential surface, on

equipotential surface no work is done in
shifting a charge from one place to another.
(b) According to the question, eE mg

E
18.

120

Q2 = 36C

(d) Total charge Q 80 40 120 C . By using

and potential due to q charge

V q

E1

At N |E1| = |E2|

r
r

x2
x1
x = 11 cm

2q
r

the centre due to 2q charge V2q

231

Ewithoutdielectric 2 105

2
Ewithdielectric
1 105

1
q
q
2 9 109 2
21. (b) E
4 0 r
r

Since VA
27.

100
0cm

(c) For equilibrium of q

|F1| = |F2|
Q1 = + 4e

F2
x1

E r2
3 106 (2.5)2
q

2.0833 10 3
9
9
9 10
9 10

100
VB so W
cmAB

Which gives

x2

F1

Q2 = +e

x2
x

x
Q1
1
Q2

x
4e
1
e

x
3

232 Electrostatics
28.

29.

(c) Electric lines of force never intersect the

conductor. They are perpendicular and slightly
curved near the surface of conductor.
(a) Since
qE
=
mg
or

E
30.
31.

37.

(c) Electric field near the conductor surface is

mg 1.7 1027 9.8

q
1.6 1019

given by

38.

3Q
x2

(along

AB

directed

and it is perpendicular to

surface.
(d) W qV qE.d
4 = 0.2 E (2 cos 60o)

= 10.0 108 = 1 107 V/m

(c) Since charge Q moving on equipotential
surface so work done is zero.
(b) The field produced by charge 3Q at A, this is
E as mentioned in the Example.

2m

= 0.2 E (2 0.5)

4
E
20 NC 1
0.2

towards

39.

(c) Potential at centre O of the square

negative charge)
Q

60

3Q

a
a

Now field at location of 3Q i.e. field at B due

E'

to charge Q will be

Q
E

(along AB
2
3
x

Q
4 (a /
0

VO 4

directed away from positive charge)

32.

2
1
ne
. 2 n Er .4
0
4 0 r
e
0.036 0.1 0.1
360
n

105 =
9
19
144
9 10 1.6 10

(c) E

V
10

500N / C
d 2 10 2
mg
34. (b) For balance mg eE E
e
(b)

40.

Also

41.

4
4 22
r 3d
(10 7 )3 1000kg
3
3 7

4 / 3 22/ 7 (107 )3 1000 10

=
E
1.6 1019

35.

260 N/C
(a) Electric field inside a conductor is zero.

36.

(c) For pair of charge

10 106 10 106
USystem

4 0
10/ 100

10 10 10 10
10 / 100

3 9 109

10 10 10 10
10 / 100

100 1012 100

27J
10

QA

QB

2QV
m

q
1

4q 2

(c) Due to deutron, intensity of electric field at 1

distance,

1 q1q2
.
4 0
r

(b) Using

1
e
. 2
4 0 r

9 109 1.6 1019

1.44 1011 N / C.
10 20

42.

(c) Lines of force is perpendicular to

equipotential surface. Hence angle = 90o

43.

(a) Magnetic lines of force always makes a closed

loop.

44.

(b)

45.

(d)

46.

(a) V E r r

47.

(c) The magnitude of electric field in the annular

region of a charged cylindrical capacitor is

2)

4 2 Q2
2Q 2

4 0a
0a

vA

vB

Work done in shifting ( Q) charge from centre

W Q(V VO ) QV0
to
infinity

2.5 105 N/C.

33.

given by E

the

V 3000

6m
E
500

1
where is the charge
2 0 r

Electrostatics
per unit length and r is the distance from the

1
axis of the cylinder. Thus E
r
48.

49.

58.

(a) Electric

i.e.

due

to

point

charge

59.

(c)

= 2

+q

(d) At neutral point

60.

20
Q
k
k
2 2
(20 10 )
(40 10 2)2

80 C
(a) Work done in moving a charge from P to L, P to
M and P to N is zero.

54.

(b) a

55.

Hence v = u + at v = 20 + 12 3 = 56 m/s.
(a) Potential at the centre of square

QE 3 103 80

12m/ sec2
3
m
20 10

61.

q
A

100 C

40 cm

4
90 2 10 V

50 cm

B
+5
C

r
Q1 r1

V
Q2 r2
3

100 106
9
106 V
0.5
5

So

9
9
9

106 106 J
4
4
5

V2
V1

600
2 Q2 = Q / 2
2400

100 106
9
106 V
0.4
4

and VC 9 109

V 4 3

r g
QE mg Q
d 3

30 cm

VB 9 109

W 50 106 90 2 104 64J

(b) In balance condition

W 5 10 6
62.

7 q2
8 0a

W 5 106 (VC VB ) where

W q (V0 V ) qV0

Q r

Q2 r / 2

3 k. q
a2

(d) Work done in displacing charge of 5 C from B

to C is

Work done in bringing a charge (q = 50 C)

from to centre (O) of the square is

2
2
EA
EB
2E A EB cos60
0o

1 (q)(2q)
1 (2q)(q)
1 (

4 0
a
4 0
a
4 0

Usystem

9 109 50 106

EB Enet E
A

(c)

Usystem

Q =

53.

2/

q
a2

3q
Enet
4 0a2

E+ E
r

56.

1
r

| E A | | EB | k.

(c) At O, E 0, V = 0

5 V
10 2

r
Q
1 Q1 r22

2 1 2
2
4 r
2 r1
2 Q2 r1

So, Enet

1011 C

V 4

5000

i.e. surface charge density on smaller sphere

will be more.

1
30
q E 4 0r 2 2

9
9 10 100

52.

Q1
Q
Q
r
k 2 1 1
r1
r2
Q2 r2

q
E
4 0r 2

51.

As

1.6 1019
1.44 1011N / C
(1010)2

field

QV
d

(c) After redistribution, charges on them will be

different, but they will acquire common
potential

q
4 0r 2

9 109
50.

(a) F QE
V 10volt

(d) The electric field is always perpendicular to

the surface of a conductor. On the surface of a
metallic solid sphere, the electrical field is
oriented normally (i.e. directed towards the
centre of the sphere).
(d)

57.

233

(a) E

F
Newton/ Coulomb
q0

234 Electrostatics
63.

(a) V

kq
1
i.e. V
R
R

Potential on smaller sphere will be more.

2e 106
64. (b) K qV 2e 106 J
eV 2MeV
e
65.

(a) Since W qV 20 = 5 V V = 2 volts

66.

(a)

262N / C

75.

(a) Side a = 5 102 m

Half of the diagonal of the square r

1.96 10
q

9.8 0.02
800

kQ1 kQ2

a1
a2

76.

70.
71.

72.

kQ
.
R2

E1 kQ1 / a2 Q1 b2 b

E2 kQ2 / b2 Q2 a2 a

(b) For

electron

77.

78.

(c) Kinetic energy = Force Displacement = qEy

(a) The intensity of electric field inside a hollow
conducting sphere is zero.

eE 2
s
t1 ,
me

For

proton

+ 2q

E2 E2 E 2

. 2

9 109 106 2 2
(5 10 2)2
density

1
1
V
0 E 2 8.86 1012

2
2
r

= 2.83 J/m3
(c) Force on each charge is zero. But if any of the
charge is displaced, the net force starts acting
on all of them.
(c) Let neutral point be obtained at a distance x
from 20 C charge. Hence at neutral point

79.

(a)

KE q(V1 V2) 2 1.6 1019 (70 50) 40eV

80.

(b) Potential inside the sphere will be same as that

on its surface i.e. V Vsurface

mp
me

1/ 2

mp

Vout

me

73.

(d) Due to symmetric charge distribution.

74.

(c) In balance condition QE mg

4 3
r g
3

20
80

x 0.033m
2
(x)
(10 x)2

eE 2
s
t2
mp

t2 m
t
2 p 2
2
t1
t1 me

at

(d) Energy

ue

sphere having radius R and charge Q is

1.02 107 N / C (upward)

Q1 a

Q2 b
Further, the electric field at the surface of the

(b) Joined by a wire means they are at the same

field

kq

90o

Now

n = 3.
(c) At A and C, electric lines are equally spaced
and dense that's why E A EC EB

potential. For same potential

2E

+ 2q

2q
E

1.96 1015 9.8 0.02

800

2q

2E

n 1.6 1019

15

800
9.8 q

0.02

1.96 10

(b) For equilibrium mg = qE

15

69.

kq

(E)x1 10 1 10 20V / m

68.

Electric field at centre due to charge

dV
d
E

(5x2 10x 9) 10x 10

dx
dx
67.

4 (3.14)(0.1 106)3 103 10

3 1.6 1019

81.

q
statvolt,
10

q
statvolt
15

Vout 2
2
V

Vout
3
V
3

(a) Potential

at

mid

kq k(q)
O, V +q
O0
d
d
d

q
d

2d

point

235

Electrostatics
90.

8 1011C

Q1Q2
82. (a) By using U 9 10
r
9

91.

106 106
U 9 109
9 10 3 J
1
83.

(b) In

equilibrium

QE

1
Q
Q
. 2 2 9 109
Q =
4 0 r
(0.6)2

(a) E

(d) E 9 10

mg

92.

9
(c) Potential at C 9 10

r = 1.7 10 m

+ 4C

pe

p mQ

93.

meQe
m Q

= 50000 eV = 50000 1.6 10

J = 8 10

15

(b) E 9 10 .

9 109

(b) Kinetic energy K = Q.V K = (+e) (50000 V)

19

86.

89.

2 = 36

r2

5 106
7 104 N/C
2
(0.8)
1
1

r2 r1

W 9 109 12 10 6 8 10 6

4 10

1
10 10

= 12.96 J 13 J

1000
)
8 1014 N
2 10 3

96.

(b) EA = Electric field at M due to charge placed at

A
EB = Electric field at M due to charge placed at
B

Q
R
Q1
Q
k 2 1 1
Q2 R2
R1
R2

EC = Electric field at M due to charge placed at

C
C

2 m so
(c) Length of each side of square is
distance of its centre from each corner is

(c) W U f U i 9 10 Q1 Q 2

(b) Spheres have same potential

i.e.

+ 4C

95.

88.

0.2 m

(b) At centre E = 0, V 0

87. (b) Force on electron F = QE Q

d

F (1.6 10

4 106
0.2

94.

(c) KE qV eV e 1 1eV

19

where K = kinetic

me
2m

85.

2mQV

(3)2

2mK ;

0.2 m

0.2 m

12000 4 3
2 1.6 1019
r 900 10
2 10 2 3

104 V

(d) Momentum p
energy = Q.V

500 9 109

= 0.5 C

V
4 3
Q. mg
r g
d
3

84.

EA

EB

1m.
M

EC

A
2m

As seen from figure | E B | | E C |,

1
m

10 10
1

= 1.8 105 V

so net

electric field at M, E net E A ; in the direction

of vector 2.
97.

Potential at the centre

V 9 109

5 10
1

3 10
1

(a) By using W Q (E.r )

8 10
1

).(a
W Q [(e1
i e2j e3k
i bj)] Q (e1a e2b)

236 Electrostatics
98.

(b) By

9 109
99.

(c)

V 9 109

using

Q
r

100 106
105 V
9

1 (6 106)
1 (12 106)

0
4 0
x
4 0 (0.2 x)

x = 0.2 m
107. (c) Suppose electric field is zero at N. Hence |EA| =
|EB|

1
Qr
1
. 3 E
4 0 R
R3

Q1 = 10C
A

100. (a) From following figure,

EA = Electric field at mid point M due to + 5C
charge
9

9 10

5 10

(0.1)2

9 109

(0.1)2

+ 5C

90 105 N/C

EA

EB

mg 5 105 10
= 5 10

7
E
10

C.
Since electric field is acting downward so for
balance charge must be negative.
105. (b) Net
electrostatic
energy
5

kQq kq2 kQq

U

0
a
a
a 2

6C

12C
20 cm

33cm

2E

Enet = 2E

2q
2E
q E
net = 0

2E

2E

2q

2q
q

2q
E
q
2E
2q

120o
2E

E
E

2E

2E

2q

2E

2q

E
E 2E

2E

2E

net = 0
109. (c) When charge enters perpendicularly
in electric
field, it describe parabolic path.

110. (c) Because electric field applies the force on

electron in the direction opposite to its
motion.
111. (c) Kinetic

2q
kq
Q

Q q
0 Q

a
2 2
2
106. (c) Point P will lie near the charge which is smaller
in magnitude i.e. 6 C. Hence potential at P

102. (b) Potential at A = Potential due to (+q) charge

+ Potential due to ( q) charge

103. (a,d) When two opposite charge separated by a

certain distance then at two points potential is
zero. One point exist between the charges and
other exists outside them. Also no point, exists
between the opposite charges. Where electric
field is zero.

20
1
10

101. (d) -particles are charged particles, so they can

deflect by electric field.

of EB i.e. towards + 5C

a2 b 2

80

q E
net = 0

Q2
1
Q1

45 105 N/C 4.5 106 N/C,

104. (b) QE = mg Q

(q)

Net electric field at M | E B | | E A |

1
q
1

4 0 a2 b2 4 0

x1

20cm

in the direction
charge

Q2 = 20C

108. (b) Electric field at a point due to positive charge

acts away from the charge and due to
negative charge it acts towards the charge.

+ 10C

EA
x2

x1

Which gives

45 10 N/C

10 106

x = 80 cm

E B = Electric field at M due to +10 C charge

EB

energy

2eV
m

112. (c) Potential V

1
V
V'
8V
r
2

1
mv2 eV
2

Electrostatics
113. (c) Energy density
are

Energy
so its dimensions
Volume

ML2T 2
[ML1T 2]
3
L
6

114. (a) Work done W 3 10

122. (a) Potential at any point inside the charged

spherical conductor equals to the potential at
the surface of the conductor i.e. Q/R.
123. (c) Electric

(VA VB ); where

field

(5 106) 2 106
1

106 volt
2
2
15
15

10
5

10

E0

2.8 J
115. (c) Electric lines of force are always normal to
metallic body.
116. (a)

+
+

E=0

124. (c) V 9 109

E0

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

(2 106) 5 106
13

106 volt
2
2
15
15

10
5

10

VB 1010

Q
(1.6 1019)
=
9 109
r
0.53 1010

27.2V
125. (a)
126. (b) In the following figure, in equilibrium Fe = T sin
30o,
r = 1m

117. (c) Inside a conducting body, potential is same

everywhere and equals to the potential of its
surface

30o 30

1m

1
m
T

118. (d) If charge acquired by the smaller sphere is Q

kQ
then its potential 120
2

+10 C

..... (i)

30o

kQ
6

.....(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii) V = 40 volt

119. (d) According to figure, potential at A and C are
equal. Hence work done in moving q charge
from A to C is zero.A

9 109.
9 109.

127. (a) By using

l

B
+Q

120. (a) KE = qV
121. (b) Given electric potential of spheres are same
i.e. VA VB

1
Q
1 Q2
Q
a
. 1
.
1

......(i)
4 0 a
4 0 b
Q2 b

1
Q2
=T
2
2
r

(10 106 )2
2

1
T = 1.8
2

T cos 30o
Fe
+10 C
mg

T sin
30o

Also potential of the outer sphere

sheets

+
+

and

1
13

W 3 10
106
106 =
15
15

between

1
( ) 0

2 0

VA 1010

237

1
m(v12 v22 ) QV
2

1
103 {v12 (0.2)2 } 108 (600 0)
2

v1 22.8 cm/s
128. (a) a

eE
a 1.76 1011 50 102
m

8.8 1014 m/sec2

129. (a) Potential energy of the system

Q
as surface charge density
4r 2

Uk

Q b2 a b2 b
1 1 2 2
2 Q2 a
b a
a

Qq kq2 kqQ

0
l
l
l

kq
q
(Q q Q) 0 Q
l
2

130. (a) Vertical velocity changes due to electric field,

but no change in horizontal velocity.

238 Electrostatics
Here, suppose third charge q is placed at a
distance x from 2.7 1011C then for its
equilibrium |F1| = |F2|
Q2

Q1

131. (d) E x

dV
dV
3
(5) 5; E y
dy
dx

and E z

+Q
dV
15
dz

E x2 Ey2 Ez2

Enet

side b is

2
0.1volt
20

134. (b) By using, KE = QV 4 10

20

1.6 10

1
(q)(q)
4q2
.

3 b / 2
3 0b
4 0

= 1.6 1017 J
142. (c)

mg 106 10

10V/m; upward
Q
10 6

because charge is positive.

mg 0.003 103 10
= 5 1010 C

4
E
6 10

138. (b) Suppose q is placed at a distance x from +9e,

then for equilibrium net force on it must be
zero i.e. |F1| = |F2|

Which gives

Q1 =+ 9e

x1

Q2
1
Q1

F2

x1

16

e
1
9e

F1

12cm

Q2 =+e
x2

x =16
cm

139. (c)

1 Q1Q2
.
; net potential energy
4 0
r

U net 3

F
eE

m m

143. (d) Cathode rays (stream of negatively charged

particles) deflect in opposite direction of field
i.e. towards north.
144. (c) KE QV KE (2e) 200V 400eV

137. (b) By using QE mg

3b
.
2

U 8

135. (a) By using KE = QV KE = 1.6 1019 100

136. (a) By using QE mg

3 b. So distance of centre of cube

Hence potential energy of the given system of

charge is

19

= 0.25 V V = 256 volt

1
andQ1 5 1011C, Q2 2.7
4 0

from each vertex is

133. (c) Inside the hollow charged spherical conductor

electric field is zero.

Herek

x = 0.556 m

(5)2 (3)2 ( 15)2 7

141. (d) Length of the diagonal of a cube having each

132. (c) By using W = Q.V V

kQ1q
kQ2q

2
(x 0.2)
x2

F1

0.2 m

F2

1
q2
.
4 0 l

140. (c) If two opposite charges are separated by a

certain distance, then for its equilibrium a
third charge should be kept outside and near
the charge which is smaller in magnitude.

145. (b) When a negatively charged pendulum

oscillates over a positively charged plate then
effective value of g increases so according to

l
, T decreases.
g

T 2

146. (c) When charge q is released in uniform electric

field

E then its acceleration a

qE
m

(is

constant)
So its motion will be uniformly accelerated
motion and its velocity after time t is given by

v at
KE

qE
t
m

1
1 qE
mv2
t
2
2 m

q2E 2t2
2m

147. (c) KE QV = e 103 V = 1KeV.

148. (c) Electric field inside a conductor is always zero.
149. (d) Electric potential at P

k.Q
k.q

R/2
R

2Q
q

4 0R 4 0R

R
Q

P
R/ 2

Electrostatics

(Vf q Vi q)

150. (d) Conducting surface behaves as equipotential

surface.

Vf Vi P.E. 0 i.e.P .E. will increase

151. (c)
152. (c) Electric force qE ma a

165. (b) It is assumed that charge on earth is 106 C

hence by taking away a negative charge from
the earth, potential energy will increase.

QE
m

1.6 1019 1 103 1.6

1015
9
9 10 31

From v2 u2 2as s

(5 106 )2 9
2 1.6 1015

7 cm.(approx
)
153. (a) Electron is moving in opposite direction of field
so field will produce an accelerating effect on
electron.
154. (b) V 9 109

19

50 1.6 10
9 1015

As r decreases, potential energy increases.

170. (a) Work done

W Q(VB VA ) (VB VA )

8 106 V

E 2e 5V 10eV Final kinetic energy

10eV

156. (b)

157. (d) Energy

1.6 1019 100000 1.6 1014 J

158. (a) Potential is to be determined at a distance of 4
cm from centre of sphere i.e. inside the
sphere.

161. (c) Firstly being a conductor it is attracted by the

high voltage plate, when charge is shared, ball
is repelled until it goes to other plate and
whole of the charge is transferred to the earth
and the process is repeated.
162. (d) Suppose charge on inner sphere is +Q as
shown.
Potential on inner sphere

Q Q

4 6
1 1

4 6

3 Q

Q
4
+Q 6 cm

Q 36e.s.u.

163. (a)
164. (b) P .E. Work done by external agent

1
Q
1
.
V
4 0 r
r

172. (b)
173. (a) The work done in moving a
equipotential surface is zero.
174. (a) a

10 40 10 20

250 erg
2
4

W
Q

10 103
J / C 2 kV
5 10 6

171. (c) V

159. (c) Work done (V) Q

For an equipotential surface.

(e)(e)
e2

4 0r
4 0r

169. (b) At a point inside the sphere, the potential is

same everywhere and is equal to that of the
surface.

155. (b) Energy 0.5 2000 1000J

160. (d) Energy

3000
10 2 10V
3

168. (b) Potential energy of the system will be given by

u2
2a

Distance

166. (a) V Ed

167. (d) The work done is given by q(V2 V1 ) 0

u 5 106 and v 0

239

charge

on

qE q V

m m d

1011
50

108 m / sec2
15
10
5 10 3

175. (a)
176. (c) For non-conducting sphere Ein

177. (a)

k.Qr
r

3 0
R3

V 30 ( 10)

2000V/m.
d
(2 10 2)

178. (c) Electric potential inside a conductor is

constant and it is equal to that on the surface
of conductor.
179. (d)
180. (a)

E 9 109

r2

E r2
1 (0.1)2

1.11 1012C
9
9
9 10
9 10

181. (a) In equilibrium

240 Electrostatics
QE mg

16

mg
9.6 10 10

3
Ee 20,000 1.6 1019

183. (a) At centre

+Q

E=0

4 0R

189. (c)

190. (b) In the direction of electric field potential

decreases.

E E
E
Q

191. (c) A free positive charge move from higher

(positive) potential to lower (negative)
potential. Hence, it must cross S at some time.

O E

192. (a) Net

+Q

185. (b)

1
(Ze)
47 1.6 1019
.
9 109
1.99 106 V q
4 0
r
3.4 1014
4 0

C
EB
EC O

2E

ED
A

186. (c) Potential will be zero at two points

M

x =6

x =12

l'

194. (c) T

At

internal

point

(M)

E
2 0r

(N)

for

So distance of N from origin, x = 6 + 6 = 12

is

1
9 10 9
4 0

2 0rE

field

given

by

r = 2 cm = 2 102 m

l' 6

Equipotentia
l surfaces

electric

(Given : E = 7.182 108 N/C)

2 106 (1 106)
1

0
4 0 (6 l' )
l'

187. (a)

9
12 10 q N / C

5 104 N

So distance of M from origin; x = 6 2 = 4

point

1 1

(mg)2 (QE)2

195. (b) Relation

l=2
exterior

(30.7 106 9.8)2 (2 108 20000

)2

2 106 (1 106)
1

0
4 0 (6 l)
l

At

4 0

q2 = 1C

x =4

193. (a) From symmetry of the fi gure all corner

have
same
electric q
q
potential. Therefore work
done in moving the
charge q from the corner
Q
to
the
diagonally
opposite corner is zero.
q
q

E A E, EB 2E, EC 3E, ED 4E

q1 = 2C
O
x =0

origin

1 1

1 4 16 .....

2E
Enet

at

EA

field

q 1
1
1

E
2 2 ....

2
4 0 1
2
4

184. (a)

V 50kV

and V = 0

1
2 10 6 (10)2 2 10 6 V
2

182. (c) Potential inside the conducting sphere is same

as that of surface i.e.

1
mv2 QV
2

188. (b) By using

2 2 0rE
2

1 2 102 7.182 108

7.98 10 4 C / m
2 9 109

196. (c) E
X

F
mg

q
e

9 1031 9.8
5.5 1011 N / C
19
1.6 10

Electrostatics

197. (b) By using E 9 10

6

R2
Q

3 10 9 10

Q = 3 103 C

(3)2

198. (a) Since A and B are at equal potential so

potential difference between A and B is zero.
Hence W = Q.V = 0

q3

k.q

VO2

k(q)

50
cm

q2

30
cm 40
cm

q3
1
[8q2q3 ]
(8q2 )
U
4 0
4 0
+
+
+
+

tan

qE
q +

mg mg 2 0+

qE
T sin

201. (c) The net field will be zero at a point outside the
charges and near the charge which is smaller
in magnitude.

8q
2

(L l)

volt/meter
0

k.(2q)
l

202. (d) Potential at the centre of rings are

q

206. (c) Electric field outside of the sphere

Electric

R
O2

O1

Eout

kQ
r2

field

inside

the

dielectric

sphere

kQx
Ein 3 ...(ii)
R

l = L.

Qq
l

4 0

E 100

r 2x
R

3(20)2
120V / m
103

4Q2
4Q
0
4 0l 2

x=0

Qq
4 0

E E

207. (d) The total force on Q

So distance of P from origin is L + L = 2L.

+q

( )

2 0
2 0

At 3 cm,

Suppose E.F. is zero at P as shown.

Hence at P; k.

x=L

2
2
k
k
k
k
2 o
2 o
2 o
o

From (i) and (ii), Ein Eout

2q

x=0

R2 d2

...(i)
mg

+ 8q

T cos

tan .

R2 d2

205. (a) The negative charge oscillates, the resultant

force acts as a restoring force and proportional
to displacement. When it reaches the plane
XY , the resultant force is zero and the mass
moves down due to inertia. Thus oscillation is
set.

k = 8q2

and T cos mg

q
2 0

204. (c) Electric field between the plates is

q1q3 q2q3 q1q3 q2q3

0.1 0.4
0.5
0.4

200. (b) T sin qE

R 2 d2
1

203. (b) E

10
cm

kq

VO1 VO2 2kq

R 2 d2

q1

1
U
4 0

k(q)

VO1

199. (a) Change in potential energy (U) = Uf Ui

40 cm

241

q
x=l/
2

4Q 2
q Q.
4 0l 2

Q
x=l

242 Electrostatics
208. (b)

2p

K.E. q0(VA VB ) 1.6 1019(70 50) 3.2 1018 J E 4 . d3 4 .

0
0

209. (b) According to the figure, there is no other

charge. A single charge when moved in a
space of no field, does not experience any
force. No work is done.

WA WB WC 0
210. (b) Potential

E
9.

V any where inside the hollow

2.

(d) Force on charge

Potential

energy

F q (Ea) q

(b) E

11.

(c) Dipole moment p = q (2l)

12.

(c)

13.

(b)

3.

k.2p

r3

V
4.

5.

is

given

by

k.p cos
r2

tan1
14.

+Q

where tan tan

3
2
3

(c)

3 / 2 so,

tan1 3 / 2
3

+q

1
r2

(d) Potential energy of dipole in electric field

U PE cos ; where is the angle
between electric field and dipole.

(a) As the dipole will feel two forces which are

although opposite but not equal.
A net force will be there and as these forces
act at different points of a body. A torque is
also there.

6.

/3
O

1
times
8

(b) Electric potential due to dipole in it's general

position

pE

1
F 3
r
When r doubled; F

1
2p
.
4 0 r 3

10.

3.2 1019 (2.4 1010) 7.68 1029C - m

(c) Potential energy = pE cos

0.

qr
d3

(b) p = q (2l) = 1.6 1019 1010 = 1.6 1029

Electric Dipole

When =
(minimum)

C-m

1 Q
sphere, including the centre is V
.
4 0 r

1.

2(q r)
;
d3

+q

pnet

60

C
2q

pnet p2 p2 2ppcos60
(p = ql)

3p

3 ql

15.

(b)

16.

(b) The direction of electric field at equatorial

point A or B will be in opposite direction, as
that of direction of dipole
moment.
A

(b) Maximum torque = pE

= 2 106 3 102 2 105 = 12 103 N-m.

7.

(d) Work done

270
90

270
pE sin d [ pE cos ] 90
0

+
B

+q

17.

(d) Dipole moment p = 4 108 2 104 = 8

1012 m
Maximum torque = pE = 8 1012 4 108

8.

(d) Field along the axis of the dipole

= 32 104 Nm
Work done in rotating through 180o = 2pE
= 2 32 104 = 64 104 J

Electrostatics
18.

Ea

(b) We have

2kp
r3

and

Ee

kp
;
r3

31.

(d) Point charge produces non-uniform electric

field.

20.

(d)

21.

(d)

Eequatorial

x 21 / 3

y
1
22.
23.

32.

33.

2p r

34.

(b) Stationary electric dipole has electric field only.

35.

(a) Suppose neutral point N lies at a distance x

from dipole of moment p or at a distance x2
from dipole of 64 p.

(r l 2 )2

; where

25cm

At N |E. F. due to dipole |= |E. F. due to dipole

|

{(0.25)2 (0.05)2 }2

6.25 107 N/C

36.
37.

r2

9 109

(d)

r2

64
(25 x)3

If = 0 then Va max.

(d) Potential due to dipole in general position is

given by

k.p cos
r2

k.p cos r k. (p.r )

V

r3
r3

(a)
(b) Potential energy of electric dipole

U pE cos0 pE min.

(c) The direction of electric field intensity at a

point on the equatorial line of the dipole is
opposite to the direction of dipole moment.

39.

(c) When the dipole is rotated through at an angle

of 90 about it's perpendicular axis then given
point comes out to be on equator. So field will
become E / 2 at the given point.

Electric Flux and Gauss's Law

1.

(d) Flux through surface A

30.

(b)

Ea k

Ea 2
2p
kp

and EE 3
3
EE 1
r
r

A E R2 and

B E R2

ds

Also in uniform electric field Fnet = 0.

(b)

(q 2l)E cos

38.

(c) In the given condition angle between p and

is
zero.
Hence
potential
energy
E

29.

x = 5 cm.

U 3 1023 (approx.)

28.

U (3.2 1019 2.4 1010)4 105 cos

(12 1010)2

If 180 then Ve min.

27.

1
2p
1
2(64p)
.

.
4 0 x3 4 0 (25 x)3

U pE cos

(1.6 1019) 1.28 1010

= 0.13V

p cos

x1

9 109 2 5 105 0.25

(a) V 9 10 .

64 p

p = (500 106) (10 102) = 5 105 c

r = 25 cm = 0.25 m, l = 5 cm = 0.05 m

26.

(a) U PE cos

20
25cm
cm

By using E 9 10 .

25.

i.e. (U )min PE cos0o PE

10
cm

(a)

PE (1 cos180o )

It has minimum value when = 0o

+q

24.

PE [1 (1)] 2PE

2p
k.p
k. 3 3
x
y

2 :1

(d) W PE(1 cos ) here = 180o

(c) In uniform electric field dipole experience only

torque, but no force.
(a)

10 103 N - m

kp
i.e. E p and E r 3
r3

Eaxial Eequatorial

max pE q (2l)E

2 106 0.01 5 105

Ea 2Ee
19.

(c)

243

E
A

244 Electrostatics
Flux

through
E.ds

curved

surface

E dscos90o = 0

Total flux through cylinder A B C =

0
2.

(c) E = / (20)

3.

(a) By Gauss's theorem.