High Speed Optical Communicatios

Trends, Opportunities and Challenges

May 2012

Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking

International Workshop on Trends in Optical Technologies

Jose Maranhao

Product Manager
jmaranhao@padtec.com
+ 55 19 2104-9655

Outline
Trends and Opportunities
DWDM Transponders Overview
High Speed Ports on WDM Equipment - Market Trends
Implementation Agreements for 100G and Beyond (OIF)

Challenges
Ultra Long Haul Systems

Trial with 40G and 100G coherent channels over 17 spans of 35dB

Systems Impacts of Coherent and Non-Coherent Channels

Mesh Networks CDC ROADMs

Padtec S/A 2012

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CONFIDENTIAL

DWDM Transponders Overview

OTN DWDM Transponder

N client interfaces

Client
Interfaces
OTN
Mapper/
Framer
OEO
DWDM
Module

SDH

Fibre
Channel

Ethernet

GFEC 7% OH

EFEC 7% OH

OTN

Protocols

EFEC 25% OH

FEC
Standards

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

NRZ

RZ

DPSK

DQPSK

DP-QPSK

Modulation
Format

DWDM Interface

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CONFIDENTIAL

OTN DWDM Transponder

4 client interfaces

Client
Interfaces
OTN
Mapper/
Framer
OEO
DWDM
Module

SDH
STM-64

Ethernet
10GbE

GFEC 7% OH

OTN

Protocols

EFEC 25% OH

FEC
Standards

8G FC

EFEC 7% OH

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

NRZ

RZ

DPSK

DQPSK

DP-QPSK

Modulation
Format

DWDM Interface

40G DQPSK Muxponder

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OTN DWDM Transponder

10 client interfaces

Client
Interfaces
OTN
Mapper/
Framer
OEO
DWDM
Module

SDH
STM-64

Ethernet
10GbE

GFEC 7% OH

OTN

Protocols

EFEC 25% OH

FEC
Standards

8G FC

EFEC 7% OH

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

NRZ

RZ

DPSK

DP-QPSK

DQPSK

Modulation
Format

DWDM Interface

100G DP-QPSK Muxponder

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CONFIDENTIAL

OTN DWDM Transponder

1 client interface

Client
Interfaces
OTN
Mapper/
Framer
OEO
DWDM
Module

Ethernet
100GbE

SDH

GFEC 7% OH

OTN
OTU4

Fibre
Channel

EFEC 7% OH

EFEC 25% OH

Protocols
FEC
Standards

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

OTU1
2.5 Gbps

OTU2
10 Gbps

OTU3
40 Gbps

OTU4
100 Gbps

Capacity

NRZ

RZ

DPSK

DP-QPSK

DQPSK

Modulation
Format

DWDM Interface

100G DP-QPSK Terminal

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CONFIDENTIAL

100G Transponder Eco System

1 client interface

Client
Interfaces

100G CFP

OTN
Mapper/
Framer

OTU4
Mapper/
Framer

OEO
DWDM
Module

OTU4 LH
MSA-168
DWDM
Module
DWDM Interface

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High Speed Ports on WDM Equipments

Trends and Opportunities

Optical Network Market Size and Forecast

The entire market for optical equipment reached USD 13.4B in 2011

It includes Transponders, OADM, ROADM, Amplifiers, MUX/DEMUX etc

41% spent on legacy SONET/SDH equipment and 59% on WDM transport

equipment

Forecast indicates a market growth of +6% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

OTN equipment spending will be about 65% of total optical spend by

2015

It includes OTN Transponders (mainly) and OTN Switches

Forecast indicates an OTN market growth of +16% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

Source: Infonetics Research, OTN Hardware Market Outlook, February 2012.

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CONFIDENTIAL

Ports on WDM Equipment Market Size

and Forecast

Ports < 10G

Growth in ports below 10G has nearly stopped over the past 3 years

Forecast indicates a market reduction of 8.4% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

10G Ports

10G ports continue to show growth as both clients and long reach interfaces

10G WDM transmission is not going out of style yet

Forecast indicates a market growth of 11.4% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

40G Ports

The worldwide market remained flat over 2009 and 2010

Forecast indicates a market growth of 15.9% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

Most 40G deployments remain DQPSK

Forecast indicates strong market growth for DP-QPSK coherent over the next 3 years

Sources: Infonetics Research, OTN Hardware Market Outlook, February 2012.

OVUM, Network Infrastructure: Optical Components, November 2010.

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CONFIDENTIAL

Ports on WDM Equipment Market Size

and Forecast

100G Ports

Commercial 100G shipments began in 2011 with a very low volume

Even with many 100G trials being conducted, we do not expect significant volume
until 2013, while costs drop

Forecast indicates a market growth of 136.8% CAGR between 2010 and 2015

Source: Infonetics Research, OTN Hardware Market Outlook, February 2012.

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CONFIDENTIAL

Implementation Agreements
for 100G and Beyond

13

Implementation Agreements Why?!

10G (OTU2) DWDM Interface

Basically only two modulation formats have been deployed commercially

Modulation Formats: NRZ (mainly) and RZ

The industry, with fewer options for 10G DWDM interface implementation, was able
to design standardized components

The use of standardized components significantly reduces the investment risk, and
the industry can achieve higher volumes and lower costs quickly

Implementation Agreements were not needed for OTU2 DWDM Interfaces

1T
400G
100G

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CONFIDENTIAL

Implementation Agreements Why?!

40G (OTU3) DWDM Interface

Many modulation formats were considered because the challenging optical physical

constraints at 40Gbps.

Modulation Formats: ODB, NRZ-DPSK, RZ-DPSK, NRZ-DQPSK, RZ-DQPSK, DP-QPSK etc,.

With so many options of modulation formats, the industry was uncertain on which
one of them would be a better choice (cost x performance).

The lack of an implementation agreement over the standard modulation format had a

negative impact on the 40G DWDM time-to-market.

1T
400G
100G

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CONFIDENTIAL

Implementation Agreements Why?!

The OIF Forum role in 100G DWDM Interfaces and beyond is to foment an eco
system to accelerate the availability of economically attractive transmissions
solutions for DWDM networks

Network
Operators
System
Suppliers

Transceiver
Suppliers
Component
Suppliers
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CONFIDENTIAL

100G Implementation Agreement

100G OIF Agreements Published

OIF-FD-100G-DWDM-01.0: 100G Ultra Long Haul DWDM Framework Document (June 2009)

OIF-PMQ-TX-01.0: Integrated Polarization Multiplexed Quadrature Modulated Transmitters (March 2010)

OIF-DPC-RX-01.1: Integrated Dual Polarization Intradyne Coherent Receivers (September 2011)

OIF-MSA-100GLH-EM-01.1: 100G Long-Haul DWDM Transmission Module - Electromechanical (September 2011)

OIF-FEC-100G-01.0: 100G Forward Error Correction White Paper (May 2010)

OIF-OFP-01.0: OTN Over Packet Fabric Protocol (OFP) Implementation Agreement (November 2011)

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CONFIDENTIAL

100G Implementation Agreement

100G OIF Key Agreements

Modulation Format

DP-QPSK (Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)

DSP

External FEC (SD-FEC)

Working together with the HD-FEC, it can achieves a higher NCG in order to have similar
OSNR results comparing with 10G/40G DWDM signals

Electrical Interface, Form Factor, Power Consumption

The OIF has not defined...

Standard SD-FEC algorithm

Standard algorithms for CD, DGD and non-linear compensation

Optical Layer Performance

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18

CONFIDENTIAL

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

over 17 spans of 35dB
Andr Aguiar

Srgio Timteo

Stefan Tanenbaum

Jos Maranho

Roberto Nakamura

Jos Alves (Oi)

19

LightPad i1600G Platform

DWDM Optical Solutions
LightPad i1600G Platform is an optical integrated transport
system of high capacity and low latency and can be applied not only
in long distance networks (backbone, Long Haul and Ultra Long Haul)
but also in metropolitan and storage networks SANs.

Multiservice
Optical Transport

Voice
Data
Video
Internet
Storage

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CONFIDENTIAL

LightPad i1600G Platform

Site 1 TX

RX Site 2
Amplifiers

OA

OA

OA

DEMUX

MUX

Regenerators(3R)

Transponders
2.5G / 10G
40G / 100G

Topologies: P2P, Ring, Mesh.

Reach: Up to 2000 Km without 3R Regens.

DWDM Channels: 4, 8, 40 or 80 channels per fiber.
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CONFIDENTIAL

40G DP-QPSK Coherent

14U Chassis Compatible

9U High, 2 slots

4 XFP Client Interfaces

Client Protocols

10GbE LAN

10GbE WAN

STM-64

8G / 10G Fibre Channel

OTU2 / OTU2e

Muxponder 40G DP-QPSK Coherent

OTU2 / OTU2e
10 GbE WAN
10 GbE LAN
8G FC
STM-64

Muxponder
40 Gb/s
G.709

DWDM Signal
OTU3 / OTU3e

OTU3/OTU3e (40G) Line Interface

DWDM 50GHz Tunable

Coherent Detection

DP-QPSK Modulation Format

CD Tolerance: +/- 55.000 ps/nm

DGD Tolerance: 100 ps

OSNR Tolerance: 13 dB (dB/0.1nm)

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CONFIDENTIAL

100G DP-QPSK Coherent

14U Chassis Compatible

9U High, 3 slots

10 XFP Client Interfaces

Client Protocols

10GbE LAN

10GbE WAN

STM-64

8G / 10G Fibre Channel

OTU2 / OTU2e

Muxponder 100G DP-QPSK Coerente

OTU2 / OTU2e
10GbE LAN
10GbE WAN
8G FC
STM-64

Muxponder
100 Gb/s
G.709

DWDM Signal
OTU4 (OTL 4.10)
HD-FEC 7% OH
SD-FEC 20% OH
127.156Gb/s

OTU4 Line Interface

DWDM 50GHz Tunable

Coherent Detection

DP-QPSK Modulation Format

Compatible with 1+1 Protection Architectures (Recovery Time < 50msec)

CD Toletance: +/- 40.000 ps/nm

DGD Tolerance: 80 ps

OSNR Tolerance: 14 dB (dB/0.1nm)

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CONFIDENTIAL

100G DP-QPSK Coherent

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CONFIDENTIAL

100G DP-QPSK Coherent

Thermal Simulations

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CONFIDENTIAL

Network Diagram

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

Bank of
CW Lasers

LOA

DEMUX 80ch
195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Test Setup

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

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CONFIDENTIAL

Results

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

DEMUX 80ch

Optical Spectrum after 1700Km

Bank of
CW Lasers

LOA

195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Results

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

Bank of
CW Lasers

G
F
F

LOA

G
F
F

100 Km
35 dB

DEMUX 80ch
195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Results

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

Bank of
CW Lasers

G
F
F

LOA

G
F
F

100 Km
35 dB

DEMUX 80ch
195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Results

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

Bit Error Free (15h)

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

Bank of
CW Lasers

G
F
F

LOA

G
F
F

100 Km
35 dB

DEMUX 80ch
195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Results

Coherent 100G/40G Trial

16 x

BOA

ROA

ROA

LOA

100 Km
35 dB

Bit Error Free (12h)

100 Km
35 dB

VMUX 80ch

Bank of
CW Lasers

G
F
F

LOA

G
F
F

100 Km
35 dB

DEMUX 80ch
195,45 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,50 THz

40G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,55 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent

195,60 THz

100G DP-QPSK
Coherent
17 x 100Km = 1700 Km
17 x 35dB = 595 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

System Impacts
Coherent and Non-Coherent Channels

33

System Impacts

(10G) Non-Coherent vs. 100G/40G Coherent

10G NRZ channels with EFEC 25% OH

OSNR Tolerance of 11 dB (dB/0.1nm)

CD Tolerance of 1400 ps/nm

For every 80 Km span, a new DCF has to be used

80 Km DCFs has na insetion loss around 5 dB

DCFs are usually positioned between a dual stage EDFA amplifier

Additional EDFA stages and losses from DCF degrades the 10G OSNR along
the network

TX
TX

80 Km
CD: 1360 ps/nm
At: 20 dB
D
C
F

BOA

RX

80 Km
CD: 1360 ps/nm
At: 20 dB

80 Km
CD: 1360 ps/nm
At: 20 dB

RX

D
C
F

LOA

LOA

POA

TX

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RX

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CONFIDENTIAL

System Impacts

(10G) Non-Coherent vs. 100G/40G Coherent

100G / 40G DP-QPSK Coherent channels

OSNR Tolerance of 14dB (dB/0.1nm)

CD Tolerance of +/- 40.000 ps/nm

Up to 2.000Km of fiber without DCF

Single stage EDFA amplifiers can be used instead dual stage

No OSNR degradation due to additional EDFA stages and losses from DCFs

TX
TX

80Km
CD: 1360ps/nm
At: 20dB

BOA

RX

80Km
CD: 1360ps/nm
At: 20dB

80Km
CD: 1360ps/nm
At: 20dB

LOA

LOA

RX

POA

TX

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RX

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CONFIDENTIAL

System Impacts

(10G) Non-Coherent vs. 100G/40G Coherent

G = 20 dB
NF = 5 dB
Signal Power: -20 dBm

Signal Power: 0 dBm

Noise Power: -60 dBm

Noise Power: -32.20dBm

OSNR: 40 dB

OSNR Degradation: 7,80dB

DCF
IL = 5 dB

G = 25 dB
NF = 4 dB

Signal Power: -20 dBm

Signal Power: 0 dBm

Noise Power: -60 dBm

Noise Power: -28,65 dBm

OSNR: 40 dB

OSNR Degradation: 11,35 dB

G = 15 dB
NF = 5.5 dB

DCF
IL = 5 dB

G = 10 dB
NF = 6 dB

Signal Power: -20 dBm

Signal Power: 0 dBm

Noise Power: -60 dBm

Noise Power: -31,37 dBm

OSNR: 40 dB

OSNR Degradation: 8,63 dB

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CONFIDENTIAL

Mesh Networks Challenges

37

Mesh Network Challenges

Termination

ROADM

Peer to Peer Network

Mesh Network

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CONFIDENTIAL

Mesh Network Challenges

WSS ROADM

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CONFIDENTIAL

Mesh Network Challenges

WSS ROADM

WDM
Port 1

WSS
9x1

Splitter
1x9

IN

DMX

Add/Drop 1

MUX
OUT

MUX

MUX

MUX

Add/Drop 9

IN

Add/Drop 8

Splitter
1x9

MUX

Add/Drop 3

WSS
9x1

Add/Drop 2

WDM
Port 2

OUT

DMX

WDM
Port 3

WDM
Port 8

WDM
Port 9

OUT
IN

WSS
9x1

Splitter
1x9

OUT

WSS
9x1

IN

Splitter
1x9

DMX

OUT

WSS
9x1

IN

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DMX

Splitter
1x9

DMX

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CONFIDENTIAL

Mesh Network Challenges

There are many different architectures for the Add/Drop Channels

Directionless ($)

The add/drop channels can be connected to any direction

Colourless and Directionless ($$)

The add/drop channels can be connected to any direction

Any transponder can be configured to any channel

Colourless, Directionless and Contentionless CDC ROADM ($$$$)

The add/drop channels can be connected to any direction

Any transponder can be configured to any channel

Diferent transponders can use the same channel since they are

connected to distinct directions

Designing the right architecture for each node of a

mesh network is a current challenge
Overall Costs

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LSP Blocking Probability

41

CONFIDENTIAL

Thanks!

padtec.com

High Speed Optical Communicatios

Trends, Opportunities and Challenges

May 2012

Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking

International Workshop on Trends in Optical Technologies

Jose Maranhao

Product Manager
jmaranhao@padtec.com
+ 55 19 2104-9655