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Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in

MIMO-OFDM Systems
by

Hardik Patel

Introduction

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a fundamental technique for high-speed optical communications, next-generation communication systems, the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) in the form of
its long-term evolution (LTE) and many other communication systems[2][1].
We focus OFDM-based downlink transmission scheme for large-scale multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) [3] is an efficient and wellestablished way of dealing with frequencyselective channels. In addition to
simplifying the equalization at the receiver, OFDM also facilitates per-tone
power and bit allocation, scheduling in the frequency domain, and spectrum
shaping. However, OFDM is known to suffer from a high Peak to Average
Power Ratio (PAR) [4], which necessitates the use of linear RF components
(e.g., power amplifiers) to avoid out-of-band radiation and signal distortions.
Unfortunately, linear RF components are, in general, expensive and power
inefficient than their non-linear counterparts, which would eventually result
in large costs for large-scale BS implementations having hundreds of antennas. Therefore, it is of major importance to reduce the PAR of OFDM-based
large-scale MU-MIMO systems to facilitate corresponding low-cost and lowpower BS implementations.

1.1

Previous Works

To improve the difficult linearity requirements of OFDM, an extremely abundant PAR-reduction schemes have been proposed for point-to-point singleantenna and MIMO wireless systems [5] - [8]. For MU-MIMO systems, however, a straightforward adaptation of these schemes is non-trivial, mainly
because MU systems require the removal of MUI using a precoder [9].
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1.2

Refered Work

In this work[11], a novel downlink transmission scheme for large-scale MUMIMO-OFDM wireless systems is developed, that only affects the signal
processing at the BS while leaving the processing required at each terminal
untouched. The main idea of the scheme proposed in this work is to exploit
the excesss degree of freedom which is offered by using the BS with multiple
antennas and jointly performing MU precoding OFDM modulation and PAR
reduction i.e, PMP.
We formulate PMP as a convex optimization problem, which jointly performs MU precoding, OFDM modulation, and PAR reduction at the BS.
We develop and analyze a novel optimization algorithm, referred to as fast
iterative truncation algorithm (FITRA), which is able to find the solution to
PMP efficiently for the (typically large) dimensions arising in large-scale MUMIMO-OFDM systems. The efficacy of the proposed MU-MIMO-OFDM
sceme can be observed by simulation results.

Future Work

In the following we shall lay out a road map for our future work:
Further work on reducing the computational complexity of FITRA using continuation strategies that is vital for a practical realization of
PMP in hardware.

References
[1] N. Cvijetic, Ofdm for next-generation optical access networks Journal
of Lightwave Technology. Lightwave Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 384398, Feb. 2012.
[2] Z. Zhang, J. Liu, and K. Long, Low-Complexity Cell Search with Fast
PSS Identification in LTE, IEEE Trans. Veil. Tecllnol., vol. 61, no. 4,
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[3] R. van Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for wireless multimedia communications. Artech House Publ., 2000.
[4] S. H. Han and J. H. Lee, An overview of peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for multicarrier transmission, IEEE Wireless
Comm., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1536-1284, Apr 2005.
2

[5] R. W. Bauml, R. F. H. Fischer, and J. B. Huber, Reducing the peaktoaverage power ratio of multicarrier modulation by selected mapping,
IEE Elec. Letters, vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 20562057, Oct. 1996.
[6] B. S. Krongold and D. L. Jones, PAR reduction in OFDM via active
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[7] R. F. H. Fischer and M. Hoch, Directed selected mapping for peaktoaverage power ratio reduction in MIMO OFDM, IEE Elec. Letters, vol.
42, no. 2, pp. 12891290, Oct. 2006.
[8] J. Illic and T. Strohmer, PAPR reduction in OFDM using Kashins
representation, in Proc. IEEE 10th Workshop on Sig. Proc. Advances in
Wireless Comm. (SPAWC), Perugia, Italy, June 2009, pp. 444448.
[9] S. K. Mohammed, A. Chockalingam, and B. S. Rajan, A lowcomplexity
precoder for large multiuser MISO systems, in IEEE Vehicular Tech.
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[10] C. Studer and E. G. Larsson, PAR-aware multi-user precoder for the
large-scale MIMO-OFDM downlink, in Proc. 9th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), Paris, France,
August 2012.
[11] C. Studer and E. G. Larsson, PAR-aware large-scale Multiuser MIMOOFDM downlink, in Proc. 9th International Symposium on Wireless
Communication Systems (ISWCS), Paris, France, August 2012.

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