____________________________________________________

FACULTY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL

EDDUCATION

BBV30303 ELECTRONIC 2
EXPERIMENT REPORT 5
(OP AMPLIFIER- Inverting Amplifier)

MEMBER GROUP
BIL
NAMA
1. Azman Bin Hanafiah
2. Muhammad Nazmy Bin Zulkifli

MATRIK
DB120004
DB120075

Check By:
Dr. Alias Bin Masek
Pensyarah Elektronik II
Submit: 13/12/2014

1.0.

TITLE
OP AMP - Inverting Amplifier

2.0.

AIM
To improve our knowledge about Inverting Amplifier

3.0.

4.0.

OBJECTIVES
3.1.

To understand the Operation of Amplifier with Inverting

3.2.

To record their result form in oscilloscope

3.3.

To analysis differentiation wave in Vin form and Vout form.

EQUIPMENTS
4.1.

KL-200 Linear Circuit Lab.

4.2.

Experiment module: KL-23013

4.3.

Instrument experiment:
4.3.1. Voltmeter
4.3.2. Oscilloscope
4.3.3. Signal generator

4.4.

Basic hand tools.

5.0.

THEORY

An op-amp is a high gain, direct coupled differential linear amplifier choose response
characteristics are externally controlled by negative feedback from the output to input, op-amp
has very high input impedance, typically a few mega ohms and low output impedance, less than
100.

Op-amps

can

perform

mathematical

operations

like

summation

integration,

differentiation, logarithm, anti-logarithm, etc., and hence the name operational amplifier opamps are also used as video and audio amplifiers, oscillators and so on, in communication
electronics, in instrumentation and control, in medical electronics, etc.

5.1.

INVERTING OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION

In this Inverting Amplifier circuit the operational amplifier is connected with feedback
to produce a closed loop operation.

When dealing with operational amplifiers there are two very important rules to
remember about ideal inverting amplifiers, these are: No current flows into the input
terminal and that V1 always equals V2. However, in real world op-amp circuits
both of these rules are slightly broken.

This is because the junction of the input and feedback signal ( X ) is at the same
potential as the positive ( + ) input which is at zero volts or ground then, the junction
is a Virtual Earth.

Because of this virtual earth node the input resistance of the amplifier is equal to the
value of the input resistor, Rin and the closed loop gain of the inverting amplifier can
be set by the ratio of the two external resistors.

We said above that there are two very important rules to remember about Inverting
Amplifiers or any operational amplifier for that matter and these are.
a. No Current Flows into the Input Terminals
b. The Differential Input Voltage is Zero as V1 = V2 = 0 (Virtual Earth)

6.0.

PROCEDURE

Experiment procedure:
i)

Insert the short-circuit clip by referring to figure 15-11 (a) and the short-circuit clip
arrangement diagram 23013-block b.1.

ii)

Connected the signal generator to the input terminal (IN1), then adjust the output
of the signal generator to 1KHz sine wave. Slowly increase the amplitude so that
the maximum non-distorted waveform in the output terminal can be displayed
(used the oscilloscope to measured).

iii)

Record the waveforms of Vin 1 and Vout.

iv)

Disconnect the output from the signal generator by removing the short-circuit clip,
then connect the input terminal to ground. Use the DCV scale of the multimeter
(or oscilloscope) to measure the DC level at the output terminal, then make
records.

v)

Insert the short-circuit clip by reffering to fig 15-11 (b), in which the inverting
amplifier with offset is connected, and the short-circuit clip arrangement diagram
23013-block b.1.

vi)

Repeat step (2) and (3).

vii)

Randomly adjust VR100K (VR3), then view if the output wave form will be
changed.

viii)

Disconnect the output from the signal generator by removing the short-circuit clip,
then connect the input terminal to ground. Use the DCV scale of the multimeter
(or oscilloscope) to measure the DC level at the output terminal. If the DC level is
not 0V, please adjust VR100K (VR3) so that this level will be 0V.

ix)

Repeat step (2) and (3).

x)

Compare the output DC levels and waveforms between the circuits with offset
and without offset.

7.0.

RESULT

RESULT FOR INVERTING OP-AMPLIFIER

POSITION

WAVEFORM

VPP

Vout
(DCV)

256mV

250mV

117mV

1200mV

Without
offset

568mV

600mV

1.47V

1500mV

With offset

8.0.

DISCUSSION OR ANALYSIS

Some knowledge about the experiment:

i.

Based on the experiment we will to know about Operation Amplifier. OP-Amp is a

three-port device having two inputs and one output. It was invented to simplify
the design of inverting and non-inverting DC amplifiers by the simple control of
external negative feedback.

ii.

This deceptively simple building block is to analog electronics what nand or nor
gates are to digital electronic circuits: it reduces analog circuit design to a simple
problem of determining suitable external feedback and interconnecting networks
without the complication of having to know what's going on inside the op-amp
itself.

iii.

Treating the op-amp as ideal is often all that is necessary to use it in practice,
provided we skillfully appreciate the limitations imposed by basic device
parameters that would typically include: non-infinite open-loop gain, frequency
response expressed by slew rate, single-pole roll-off frequency and its related
gain-bandwidth product GBP, non-infinite input port resistances and non-zero
output resistance; power-supply limiting or railing due to finite power supply
voltages.

iv.

Although the op-amp is employed in a truly impressive array of many different

circuits, all are based in part on one or both of the following two fundamental
circuit configurations, the inverting and non-inverting DC amplifiers. You will gain
an appreciation of the power of the op-amp as a basic building block along with
some of its inherent limitations by investigation of these two basic circuits.

8.1.

The Ideal Op-Amp

The ideal behavior of an op-amp implies that
a) The output resistance is zero
b) The input resistance seen between the two input terminals (called the
differential input resistance) is infinity.
c) The input resistances seen between each input terminal and the ground
(called the common mode input resistance) are infinite.

d) Op-amp has a zero voltage offset ie., for V1 = V2 = 0, output voltage VO

= 0.
e) Common mode gain AC is zero.
f)

Differential mode gain, Ad is infinity.

g) Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) is infinity.

h) Bandwidth is infinite.
i)

Slew rate is infinite.

We can look the differentiation at the diagram below:

9.0.

CONCLUSION

Based on the experiment i can understand about the operation Amplifier in Inverting
form. After that, we have get the comparison on DC levels and waveforms between the
circuits with offset and without offset.

10.0.

EXPERIMENT ACTICITY (PICTURE)

Figure 1: Connections for inverting OP Amplifier

Figure 1: Using Oscilloscope to measure the sine wave for

input OP Amplifier

Figure 3: Using Oscilloscope to measure the sine wave for

Output Inverting OP Amplifier.