fUelCELLS

BULLETIN

www.fuelcellsbulletin.com

ISSN 1464-2859 March

October
2015
2010

AFC Energy to deploy 50 MW in South Korea

K-based AFC Energy has signed a

Project Development Agreement
with two South Korean partners,
Samyoung Corporation and Changshin
Chemical Co, for the deployment
of an initial 50 MW of alkaline
fuel cell generation capacity in the
northwestern Korean port of Daesan.
The 50 MW of installed capacity will be
established in two phases: the first phase (5
MW) will be operational by the end of 2016,
and the second phase (45 MW) by the end of
2019 (both subject to permitting). The three
partners are establishing a joint venture, with
equity interests from AFC Energy (40%),
Samyoung (45%), and Changshin (15%).
Assuming a gross output of 50 MW from the
fuel cell park, the joint venture is expected to
generate revenues of nearly US$1 billion from
the sale of electricity and Renewable Energy
Certificates (RECs) over a 10-year period.
It is expected that each party will make an
upfront contribution, either in cash or in kind,
and they also intend to secure project finance

for the joint venture. The partners will shortly

begin development of a feasibility study, to
establish the basis of design and economic
analysis in support of a more detailed project
engineering assessment. The partnership expects
to see multiple projects developed subsequently.
AFC Energy will sell its alkaline fuel cell
equipment into the joint venture, and provide
technical and operational advice to the partners.
Samyoung will manage the development of
the project as Engineering Procurement and
Construction lead as well as permitting of the
50 MW project, while Changshin will supply
hydrogen, land, and logistical support onsite.
AFC Energys Power-Up project will
demonstrate the worlds largest alkaline fuel cell
system at Air Products industrial gas plant in
Stade, Germany, with demonstration of its 240
kW KORE system fast-tracked to December
2015 [see page 5].

n EFOY ProCube direct methanol

fuel cell system manufactured
by German-based SFC Energy is
delivering fully automatic power to
the obstruction lights during wind park
construction and maintenance.
Orga Aviation in the Netherlands, which
provides lighting and navigation aids to the
wind and aviation industries, is using EFOY
ProCube mobile off-grid power sources
supplied by SFCs Danish partner Awilco.
During construction of a wind park, aviation
obstruction lights have to operate reliably even
when the wind turbines are not connected
to the grid. This poses severe challenges to
operators, construction and maintenance teams,
since conventional generators require frequent
refueling and maintenance, and the runtime of
standard UPS systems is often too short.
Orga Aviation offers a rental scheme for the

NEWS
AFC Energy to deploy 50 MW in South Korea
EFOY ProCube power in wind park construction

1
1

ROAD VEHICLES
Ballard closes $80m tech solutions deal with VW
Symbio FCell range-extender for Renault truck
Ballard modules for California and Ohio buses

2
2
3

SMALL STATIONARY
IE-CHP, Hyteon to commercialise domestic CHP
FCO Power next-gen SOFC stack for apartments
Cascadiant fuel cell R&D with Indonesia agency

3
4
4

LARGE STATIONARY
Stop & Shop installs Bloom Energy SOFC unit
FCEs university micro-grid unit for NRG Yield
AFC operation of 101-cell stack trial at gas plant
Nedstack China order for first 2 MW PEMFC plant

4
5
5
6

PORTABLE & MICRO

Intelligent Energy acquires Bic portable technology
myFC launches JAQ charger at mobiles fair
Protonex early access to new propane SOFC unit
UltraCell hybrid RMFCs serial production order

6
6
7
7

AFC Energy: www.afcenergy.com

FUELING

Samyoung Corporation: www.samyoungco.com/eng

Chang Shin Chemical Co: www.changshinchem.co.kr

EFOY ProCube power in wind park construction

Contents
Contents

EFOY ProCube, whereby customers rent the power

source as required from a single day to several
weeks which keeps their investment cost low
while ensuring reliable operation of their lights.
EFOY Pro fuel cells also serve as silent, reliable
power sources for wind measurement systems
used in wind park planning. The fuel cells are
used by wind turbine manufacturers, wind park
planners and operators across Europe.
SFC Energy is a leading provider of hybrid
stationary and portable power solutions [see the
SFC feature in FCB, January 2013], serving a
range of applications in the oil & gas [FCB,
July 2014, p4], security and industry [FCB,
May 2014, p3], military [FCB, April 2014, p7],
and consumer markets [FCB, May 2013, p3].
SFC Energy: www.sfc.com or www.efoy-pro.com
Orga Aviation: www.orga.nl/index.php?page=31&l=en
Awilco: www.awilco-multiplex.dk

Air Products to fuel materials handling in Japan

H2 Logic partners in Denmark hydrogen network
McPhy, De Nora partner for new electrolysers
Sandia on joint prospects for CNG, hydrogen

7
8
8
8

ENERGY STORAGE
ITM next-gen P2G PEM electrolyser for RWE
McPhy links Enertrag P2G plant to gas grid

9
9

COMMERCIALISATION
Ballard deals for wearable power, automotive
CFCL in administration, despite tech progress

10
10

RESEARCH
DOE invests $10m in 11 incubator projects
NPL, ITM new electrode for PEM electrolysers

10
11

NEWS FEATURES
Aberdeen opens UKs largest hydrogen
production, fueling station
for expanding bus fleet
Tubular direct carbon SOFC with ceramic
separation membrane to remove CO2

1213
14

REGULARS
Editorial
News In Brief
Research Trends
Patents
Events Calendar

3
5, 11
15
1619
20

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NEWS
ROAD VEHICLES
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Fuel Cells Bulletin

Ballard closes $80m

technology solutions
deal with Volkswagen

anadian-based Ballard Power

Systems has successfully closed its
Technology Solutions transaction with
Volkswagen Group (Volkswagen and
Audi), for an aggregate US$80 million
for the transfer of certain automotiverelated fuel cell intellectual property
(IP), and a two-year extension of an
engineering services contract.
Ballard has transferred the automotive-related
portion of fuel cell IP assets previously acquired
from United Technologies Corporation (UTC),
in return for payments from Volkswagen Group
totaling $50 million. The closing of the deal
saw Ballard receive an initial payment of $40
million, 25% of which will be paid to UTC as
a royalty payment pursuant to the agreement
with UTC announced last April [FCB, May
2014, p10]. Ballard expects to receive the
remaining $10 million, subject to a 9%
payment to UTC, no later than Q1 of 2016.
Ballard will retain a royalty-free licence to
utilise the IP transferred to Volkswagen in bus
and non-automotive applications, as well as
for certain limited pre-commercial purposes in
automotive applications.
The transaction also includes a two-year
extension, through March 2019, of the existing
long-term engineering services agreement
signed by Ballard and Volkswagen in early
2013 [FCB, April 2013, p2]. This extension
has an incremental value of approximately
$2440 million. Over the full six-year
term, the contract has an estimated value of
approximately $80112 million, and also
includes a further optional two-year extension.
Ballards ongoing engineering services contract
with Volkswagen Group involves the design
and manufacture of next-generation PEM fuel
cell stacks for use in the demonstration car
programme. Ballard engineers are leading critical
areas of fuel cell product design including the
membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), plate and
stack components along with certain testing
and integration work.
Audi and Volkswagen unveiled their own fuel
cell electric vehicles at the Los Angeles Auto
Show last autumn, introducing the VW Golf
SportWagen HyMotion and Passat HyMotion,
and the Audi A7 Sportback h-tron Quattro
[FCB, December 2014, p2].
Ballard has also recently signed two new
Technology Solutions contracts, one with

Ardica Technologies in San Francisco and one

with an unnamed global automotive OEM
[see page 10], to provide expertise in PEM
fuel cell technology to advance customer
programmes through their development stages.
Ballard Power Systems, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Tel: +1 604 454 0900, www.ballard.com
Volkswagen, Fuel Cells: http://tinyurl.com/vw-fuelcells
Audi A7 Sportback h-tron quattro:
http://tinyurl.com/audi-a7-htron

Symbio FCell fuel cell

range-extender equips
Renault Maxity truck

enault Trucks and the French postal

service La Poste are partnering
to demonstrate a Maxity Electric
light commercial truck fitted with a
hydrogen PEM fuel cell range-extender,
developed by Symbio FCell. This yearlong field test will enable Renault
Trucks to explore all potential avenues
of hydrogen technology under actual
operating conditions.
Our purpose behind this project is to support
European metropolitan areas in their goal of
limiting air and noise pollution emissions,
through testing innovative vehicles that produce
zero emissions, and that in the near term should
become economically viable for our customers,
says Karine Forien, director of energy efficiency
strategy for Renault Trucks. 200 km (124 miles)
of autonomy make it the ideal choice for a daily
schedule of urban and suburban routes.
For La Poste, which already owns the worlds
largest fleet of electric vehicles, this experiment
is part of an ongoing effort to extend the
autonomy of its fleet. Symbio FCell supplied
fuel cell range-extender kits for three Renault
Kangoo ZE mail delivery hybrid hydrogenbattery electric vehicles, currently on trial
with La Poste in the Franche-Comt region of
eastern France [FCB, December 2013, p1].
Renault Trucks has configured its 4.5 tonne
Maxity Electric vehicle to accommodate a 20
kW fuel cell module, with the development
and vehicle integration steps carried out in
partnership with Symbio FCell. The vehicle has
two 75 litre hydrogen tanks, to store 4 kg of
hydrogen at 350 bar (5000 psi).
As a result, the Maxity Electrics average
range of approximately 100 km (60 miles) has
been doubled through using the fuel cell. The
heat released by the fuel cell is used to warm
the passenger compartment, which avoids
consuming energy stored in the batteries,
helping to ensure longer range.

March 2015

NEWS / EDITORIAL
When the vehicle is running, the electric
motor is fed by two complementary energy
sources; the fuel cell is capable of delivering
a maximum power of 20 kW and, once that
threshold has been reached, the batteries kick
in to supply whatever power is still required,
explains project supervisor Christophe Vacquier.
When idle, the fuel cell is available to recharge
the battery as needed.
The Maxity Electric truck with the fuel cell
range-extender was delivered in February to the city
of Dole, in the Jura department of the FrancheComt region. The test is scheduled to last 12
months, so that the vehicles capabilities can be
fully assessed in all seasons, including the regions
especially harsh winter weather. The vehicle will be
used on a mainly rural mail and package collection
route that is approximately 70 km (44 miles) long.

The buses will use the previously deployed

American Fuel Cell Bus (AFCB) configuration,
first introduced with SunLine in 2011 [FCB,
December 2011, p2]. The AFCB configuration
utilises Ballards heavy-duty PEM fuel
cell module to provide primary power, in
combination with BAE Systems HybriDrive
propulsion and power management systems
deployed in an ElDorado National 40 ft (12 m)
Axess model transit bus.
Ballard has also just closed its Technology
Solutions transaction with Volkswagen Group
[see page 2], and signed new Technology
Solutions contracts with Ardica Technologies in
California and an unnamed global automotive
OEM [see page 10].

Symbio FCell, Grenoble, France. Tel: +33 1 5679 1506,

www.symbiofcell.com

SunLine Transit Agency, Clean Fuels Fleet:

www.sunline.org/clean-fuels-fleet

Ballard modules for

bus deployments in
California and Ohio

Ballard Power Systems, Burnaby, BC, Canada.

Tel: +1 604 454 0900, www.ballard.com

Stark Area Regional Transit Authority:

www.sartaonline.com
FTA, LoNo Program project selections:
www.fta.dot.gov/grants/15926_16268.html
Calstart, National Fuel Cell Bus Program:
http://tinyurl.com/calstart-fcbuses

anadian-based Ballard Power

Systems expects to supply 10
FCvelocity-HD6 fuel cell modules to
power buses as part of two projects
recently awarded funding under the
US Federal Transit Administrations
Low and No Emission (LoNo) Vehicle
Deployment Program.
Ballards partners are BAE Systems, a
system integrator and supplier of hybrid drive
components, and ElDorado National, a North
American bus OEM. The companies plan
to supply 10 fuel cell buses five each for
SunLine Transit Agency in Thousand Palms,
California and Stark Area Regional Transit
Authority (SARTA) in Canton, Ohio.
SunLine will receive $9.8 million in FTA
funding to purchase and deploy five hydrogen
hybrid fuel cell buses. This will double its
current fuel cell bus fleet, and allow it to offer
expanded transit service in the Coachella Valley
in southern California [FCB, July 2014, p2].
SARTA will receive $8.9 million in FTA
funding to purchase and deploy its five fuel cell
buses. They will be operated under a variety of
operating conditions in congested downtown
areas, on major urban roads and on rural
highways throughout Stark County.
Ballard anticipates orders for these modules once
agreements with the transit agencies are finalised,
and expects to begin shipments in the second half
of 2015. Calstart, the nonprofit consortium of
clean transportation technology companies, will
also be involved as a project partner.

March 2015

SMALL STATIONARY

IE-CHP, Hyteon sign

deal to commercialise
domestic CHP unit

anadian PEM fuel cell manufacturer

Hyteon and smart power pioneer
IE-CHP in Scotland, UK have signed a
commercialisation agreement, as further
trials of an innovative domestic smart
power unit get under way in Scotland.
Quebec-based Hyteon and IE-CHP will
combine their R&D capabilities as further field
testing is undertaken on the natural gas fueled
combined heat and power (CHP) unit. The
prototype CHP system, smaller than a domestic
fridge, was first tested at a detached home in
Perth, Scotland last year. IE-CHP now plans
to expand trials to other residential properties
in Scotland, prior to rolling it out in a larger
demonstration project across the UK in 2016.
The joint commercialisation agreement with
Hyteon will enable us to trial their fuel cell within
the prototype IE-CHP smart power unit, and
accelerate our progress towards a commercial
product, says Mark Bugler, who has subsequently
retired as managing director of IE-CHP.
Established in 2003 in Montreal, Hyteon
manufactures micro CHP fuel cell based systems
for residential applications ranging from 0.5 to

EDITORIAL

ntellectual property (IP) is very important in

the fuel cell and hydrogen energy sector, where
so much research and development is still under
way to bring out lower-cost and higher-efficiency
materials, components, devices, systems and the
necessary supporting infrastructure.
The importance of IP is particularly
highlighted in a couple of news items in this
issue, where IP rights have been sold on to a
new owner.
In the transportation sector, Ballard
Power Systems in Canada has transferred the
automotive-related portion of fuel cell IP assets it
had previously acquired from United Technologies
Corporation (UTC) in the US, to the German
automotive giant Volkswagen Group [see page 2].
This US$50 million deal gives an indication of
what is at stake as the major automakers push their
fuel cell electric vehicle programmes ever closer to
commercial viability.
And in the portable power arena, UK-based
Intelligent Energy has acquired the portable
fuel cell and disposable fuel cartridge assets
of Socit Bic, the French ballpoint pen and
cigarette lighter manufacturer [see page 6]. Bic
had been working on portable fuel cell R&D
in partnership with CEA-Liten, the Laboratory
for Innovation in New Energy Technologies
and Nanomaterials of the French Alternative
Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
(CEA). Bic also later acquired the assets of
Angstrom Power, a Canadian developer of
portable fuel cell technology.
On the other hand, at the beginning
of this year Toyota announced that it is
making nearly 5700 hydrogen fuel cell patents
available royalty-free, to accelerate the global
development and introduction of fuel cell
technologies [FCB, January 2015, p9].
We have two News Features in this issue.
The Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project in
Scotland recently inaugurated the UKs first
hydrogen production and bus refueling station
[pages 1213]. This new hydrogen station
is part of a US$28 million green transport
demonstration project in Aberdeen, which will
see a fleet of 10 fuel cell buses in public service.
It is the most high-profile of a range of projects
designed to create a hydrogen economy in the
city and surrounding region.
On the research front, scientists at Nanjing
Tech University in China and Curtin University
in Perth, Australia have created an anodesupported tubular solid oxide fuel cell that
functions as a carbon fuel container as well as an
electrochemical device for power generation [page
14]. Their dual-phase, ion-conducting ceramic
membrane is gastight but highly permeable for
CO2, allowing separation of CO2 and CO,
resulting in a high power density SOFC that
directly uses carbon as a fuel source.

Steve Barrett

Fuel Cells Bulletin

NEWS
2 kW power output. Hyteon has been supplying
its mCHP systems to energy companies in
Europe, Japan, and Canada since 2004.
IE-CHP is developing and bringing to
market power and heating products for the
residential sector in the UK and Ireland. It
was formed in 2008 as a joint venture between
SSE, the UKs second-largest energy utility, and
Intelligent Energy, the hydrogen PEM fuel cell
developer [FCB, May 2008, p5]. Two years ago
IE-CHP received CE certification for its 10 kW
CHP unit, apparently utilising PEM fuel cell
technology from parent company Intelligent
Energy [FCB, April 2013, p4], so this deal with
Hyteon is presumably to offer more options for
systems with lower power outputs.
In other news, Calum Wilson has been
appointed as MD of IE-CHP, to replace the
retiring Mark Bugler. Wilson was formerly a
commercial director at SSE, and led their joint
venture in Forth Ports.
IE CHP (UK & Eire) Ltd, Bellshill, Lanarkshire,
Scotland, UK. Tel: +44 1698 849090, www.ie-chp.com
Hyteon Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Tel: +1 450 973 2022 ext. 242, www.hyteon.com

FCO Power develops

next-gen SOFC stack
for apartment systems

n Japan, FCO Power has announced

the further development of its nextgeneration solid oxide fuel cell stack
for residential fuel cell systems in
apartments. The company says that the
stacks smaller size and lower cost make
it realistic to install SOFCs in existing
apartments.
The Printed Fuel Cell is an SOFC in
which all single cell layers (i.e. anode, electrolyte,
cathode, and ceramic separator) are laminated
repeatedly before sintering, and subsequently
simultaneously sintered only once as a stack. The
Printed Fuel Cell does not require a cell support,
because it does not need to maintain mechanical
strength as a single cell unit. The total thickness
of a single cell and separator is just 0.4 mm,
approximately one-tenth that of conventional
technology. The stack under development for
the companys residential 0.7 kW system, which
comprises a number of 70 W sub-stacks, is only 3
cm thick, which gives a world-leading volumetric
power density of 5 kW/litre [FCB, November
2013, p10].
The simple, thin laminated structure of the
Printed Fuel Cell also requires less materials,
making it suitable for low-cost, automated mass
production. FCO Power expects to be able
4

Fuel Cells Bulletin

to price it well below the target stack price of

50 000 (US$415) per kW for the 20202030
timescale, set by the Japanese New Energy and
Industrial Technology Development Organization
(NEDO). Part of this development work was
conducted with the support of a NEDO grant.
Use of this next-generation stack makes the
hot module thin and compact. The all-ceramic
SOFC stack has a unique cooling structure,
allowing the use of thin layers and giving a
uniform overall stack temperature distribution.
The hot module volume, including heat
insulation materials, is less than one-quarter of
that of existing products.
FCO Power exhibited this next-generation
SOFC stack at the recent FC EXPO in Tokyo.
The company aims to expand the target
market to retrofitting in existing apartments,
such as wall-mounted and porch installations,
in addition to detached houses and new
apartments. By leveraging this high volumetric
power density and low-cost stack technology,
FCO Power and its alliance partners aim to
commercialise the SOFC system in 2020, the
year of the Tokyo Summer Olympics.
FCO Power is a startup focusing on SOFC
stacks. Its predecessor, FCO Co Ltd, started
joint R&D on next-generation SOFC stacks
with the Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC),
a leading ceramics institution.

Indonesia has remote and harsh

environments with significant energy
challenges, says Marshall Towe, founder and
CEO of Cascadiant. We hope to partner
with the Indonesian government and local
companies to leverage domestically produced
green energy sources and tap into the
innovative spirit and leadership of BPPT.
Our MES (Managed Energy Service)
offering eliminates the risks operators face in
deploying new green technologies, continues
Towe. There is no longer any reason for
operators to continue to pollute the environment
using century-old, environmentally harmful
diesel generators for backup power.
Cascadiant is already deploying fuel cell power
systems with telecom operators in Indonesia,
including Hutchison CP Telecommunications
[FCB, November 2012, p4] and XL Axiata and
Telkom International [FCB, February 2013, p5].
Cascadiants Managed Energy Solution is built
around the advanced ElectraGen PEM fuel
cell technology originally developed by IdaTech
in the US, itself now part of Canadian-based
Ballard Power Systems [FCB, August 2012, p10].
Cascadiant, Singapore. Tel: +65 6220 6418,
www.cascadiant.com
BPPT: www.bppt.go.id/english
Ballard Power Systems: www.ballard.com

FCO Power Inc, Nagoya, Japan. Tel: +81 50 3803 4735,

www.ecobyfco.com/en

Cascadiant expands
fuel cell R&D with
Indonesia tech agency

ingapore-based green energy

solutions company Cascadiant
Energy has expanded its agreement
with the Indonesian Agency for
the Assessment and Application of
Technology (BPPT). Cascadiant and
BPPT have deployed the agencys first
hydrogen fuel cell, which will serve as
the commercial backup power source
for the agencys data centre, as well
as priming the agencys platform for
expanding its fuel cell R&D programme.
Indonesia the worlds fourth most populous
nation has 25 000 diesel generators in use
with its communications, fibre and broadcast
industries for backup power, and an additional
5000 diesel generators are replaced or added
every year. This has led BPPT to recognise
Indonesias potential to lead the world in the
development, manufacture and deployment
of fuel cells based on domestic demand alone,
hence its partnership with Cascadiant.

LARGE STATIONARY

Stop & Shop installs

Bloom Energy unit in
Mt Vernon, NY store

Bloom Energy solid oxide fuel

cell system will power the Stop &
Shop Supermarket Companys store in
Mount Vernon, New York. The 250 kW
system will generate more than 2 GWh
and reduce CO2 emissions by some 320
tonnes per annum.
This fuel cell project is the latest addition
to the clean and renewable energy portfolio of
Stop & Shop, a division of Ahold USA, that
also includes solar panel systems on the roofs
of 38 of its stores. This project will continue
to deliver electricity during grid outages, like
those experienced in the aftermath of Hurricane
Sandy in autumn 2012 [FCB, May 2013,
p11]. Project support was provided by the New
York State Energy Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA).
This project in the New York metro area
will contribute to reducing our greenhouse
gas emissions, and the environmental impact

March 2015

NEWS / IN BRIEF
of our operations on our communities, says
Don Sussman, president of Stop & Shop New
York Metro division. It will also increase the
resiliency of our stores, and enable us to serve
our customers during grid interruptions.
Last autumn Morgan Stanley unveiled a 250
kW Bloom Energy SOFC power plant installed
at the financial services giants headquarters in
Purchase, New York [FCB, December 2014,
p7], and a 750 kW Bloom Energy system
will power Danbury Fair Mall in Connecticut
[FCB, November 2014, p7].
Bloom Energy Corporation, Sunnyvale, California, USA.
Tel: +1 408 543 1500, www.bloomenergy.com
Stop & Shop: www.stopandshop.com
New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority: www.nyserda.ny.gov

FuelCell Energy sells

university micro-grid
project to NRG Yield

n Connecticut, FuelCell Energy has

completed its previously announced
deal to sell a 1.4 MW molten carbonate
fuel cell power plant project at the
University of Bridgeport to NRG Energy
[FCB, October 2014, p4].
Concurrent with closing the deal, subsidiary
NRG Yield Inc acquired the project the first
fuel cell project placed into a yieldco, which
is a publicly traded company formed to own
long-term operating assets that produce a
predictable cash flow, such as power generation
and transmission assets.
The University of Bridgeport will buy the
electricity and heat produced by the fuel cell
power plant under a multi-year power purchase
agreement (PPA). FuelCell Energy developed
the project, and is in the process of completing
installation of the power plant. FuelCell Energy
will perform operation and maintenance
services for the installation over the multi-year
term of NRG Yields PPA with the university.
The power plant construction is mechanically
complete, and commercial operation is expected
by the end of March.
The MCFC power plant provides ultra-clean
electricity and heat to approximately 80% of
the campus including the student centre, dining
hall, recreation centre, two dormitories, and
the on-campus police station. It is configured
as a micro-grid to operate independently of the
electric grid in the event of a grid disruption.
The ability to continue to provide power to
these campus facilities whatever the weather,
provides energy security for the university
administration as well as the students.

March 2015

We are working to replicate this model, where

the installation hosting the fuel cell installation
and using the power benefits from the multiple
attributes of our clean and affordable onsite
power generation solutions, utilising a pay-asyou-go model with a financial intermediary
owning the power generation asset, explains
Michael Bishop, chief financial officer of
FuelCell Energy. We can offer a variety of
ownership and financial structures that best meet
the needs of the site host that is using the power.
FuelCell Energy, Danbury, Connecticut, USA.
Tel: +1 203 825 6000, www.fuelcellenergy.com
NRG Energy: www.nrg.com
NRG Yield: www.nrgyield.com

AFC breakthrough in
operation of 101-cell
stack trial at gas plant

K-based AFC Energy has

successfully operated the
first 101-cell stack cartridge for
its alkaline fuel cell system at the
Air Products industrial gas facility
in Stade, Germany. Part of the
EU-supported Power-Up project, this
will demonstrate the worlds largest
alkaline fuel cell system.
The successful operation of AFC Energys
first manufactured 101-cell stack marks the
delivery of the fourth key milestone in the
companys 2015 Power-Up programmme
[FCB, January 2015, p6 and February 2015,
p6]. The success reaffirms AFCs confidence
in the deliverability of the fast track execution
timetable for delivery of its 240 kW KORE
alkaline fuel cell system, scheduled for the
second half of 2015.
The 101-cell stack was initially tested at
AFCs UK facility in late February, then shipped
to Germany, installed, and has been operating
continuously since 3 March. The initial gas
flow, thermal management, and consistency of
individual fuel cell performance across the 101
cells are in line with expectations. The relative
uniformity of fuel cell performance affirms the
quality focus of AFCs increasingly automated
manufacturing and production facilities.
The first successful 101-cell stack trial
demonstrates the operability of the fundamental
building block of the KORE system. It also
allows AFC to consider alternative products of
varying capacities modularised at the size of the
101-cell cartridge, rather than a single focus on
the previously scoped 240 kW KORE system.
In this context, AFCs market offering
becomes increasingly flexible to meet the

IN BRIEF
Kansai plans to become hydrogen airport
Kansai International Airport (KIX) near Osaka,
Japan plans to transform itself into a hydrogen
airport, with the conversion of its materials
handling fleet to fuel cell powered forklifts,
a hydrogen station to supply fuel cell electric
vehicles, and the use of hydrogen-powered
limousine buses connecting to other airports.
A proof-of-concept trial is under way at the
airport located on a manmade island in Osaka
Bay to use wind and solar power generation
to produce hydrogen, deploying large-scale
hydrogen use at the airport, and using hydrogenpowered forklifts and other measures. Also
moving forward is the Hydrogen Grid Project,
led by the KIX Smart Ai-Land Hydrogen Grid
Committee, a public-private partnership with
members such as Iwatani, Toyota Motor, Toyota
Industries, Mitsui, Toyota Tsusho, Kansai Electric
Power, the Osaka prefectural government, and
the New Kansai International Airport Company.
In February the airport began operational
trials of hydrogen-powered infrastructure and
fuel cell forklifts. Forklifts are essential pieces
of equipment at airports where large volumes of
cargo are handled, and we currently employ [400]
of them at KIX, half of them gasoline-powered
and half electric, says Kiyotaka Nakaoka of the
New Kansai Airport International Company.
After the fuel cell forklifts are deployed, the
airport plans to switch to hydrogen for towing
tractors used to haul freight containers to aircraft.
We also want to power our hydrogen
generators using renewable energies like solar
and wind power, store the hydrogen in tanks and
fuel cells, and then provide that energy to the
airport terminal buildings, continues Nakaoka.
Even if the electrical grid goes down as the result
of a disaster, this system will allow us to stay up
and running.
NEESC releases plans for hydrogen and
fuel cells in US Northeast
The Northeast Electrochemical Energy Storage
Cluster (NEESC, www.neesc.org) in the US
has released the 2015 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Development Plans for the eight northeastern
states: www.ccat.us/energy/section/Publications
The plans have been created individually
for Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode
Island, and Vermont, with support from the
US Small Business Administration (SBA) and
input from industry stakeholders including
automakers, government agencies, gas suppliers,
and hydrogen and fuel cell companies.
The plans cite cumulative goals for the
Northeast states: approximately 1300 MW of
stationary fuel cell capacity, 10 800 fuel cell
electric vehicles, 640 fuel cell buses, and 110
hydrogen fueling stations to support FCEVs
and buses.

Fuel Cells Bulletin

NEWS
needs of smaller energy requirements (in
multiples of 10 kW). The company is in
discussions with potential customers and
partners who are assessing opportunities sized
at the single cartridge size, which widens
the companys possible market potential and
commercialisation potential in the short term.
AFC has just signed a milestone 50 MW
deal with Samyoung and Changshin for the
commercial deployment of alkaline fuel cell
technology in South Korea [see page 1].
The milestone in our technology
development places AFC in a strong position
to now generate robust technical data that
will support our aggressive commercialisation
strategy, says Adam Bond, CEO of AFC Energy.
AFC Energy is leading the Power-Up
project, funded by the European Fuel Cells
and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU),
to demonstrate the worlds largest alkaline fuel
cell system at the Air Products industrial gas
plant in Stade [FCB, November 2013, p6]. The
demonstration of the 240 kW KORE system
at this site has been fast-tracked to December
2015. This represents the final phase of AFCs
pre-commercialisation technical development
programme, and creates the platform for global
commercial deployment.

continues to be a leader in the market for largescale stationary PEM fuel cell applications.
Nedstack is working with AkzoNobel Industrial
Chemicals and industrial integrator MTSA
Technopower in the Chinese project, with
support from the European Unions Fuel Cells
and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU). A
delegation of all parties involved attended the
signing ceremony in early January in Shanghai.
Nedstack is an independent Dutch fuel cell
manufacturer of PEM fuel cells for stationary
applications such as telecom backup and
PEM power plants, as well as for heavy-duty
transportation. The company was founded in
1998 as a spin-off from specialty chemicals giant
AkzoNobel. Nedstack has deployed significant
numbers of PEM fuel stacks around the world,
gaining extensive experience on PEM fuel
cell operation for different applications, and
demonstrating very long lifetimes for its products
in PEMFC power plants [see the Nedstack feature
in FCB, August 2014].
Nedstack fuel cell technology BV, Arnhem, The
Netherlands. Tel: +31 26 319 7600, www.nedstack.com
MTSA Technopower: www.mtsa.nl
European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:
www.fch-ju.eu

AFC Energy, Cranleigh, Surrey, UK.

Tel: +44 1483 276726, www.afcenergy.com

PORTABLE & MICRO

Power-Up project: www.project-power-up.eu

European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:
www.fch-ju.eu

Nedstack wins China

order for worlds first
2 MW PEMFC plant

he Dutch fuel cell technology

company Nedstack has signed the
final contract to deliver what will be
the worlds first 2 MW PEM fuel cell
power plant, which will be installed at
a chemical facility in China.
Arnhem-based Nedstack is to supply the
2 MW PEM fuel cell power plant for Ynnovate
Sanzheng (Yingkou) Fine Chemicals Co Ltd
in Yingkou, Liaoning Province, China. This
chemical facility produces waste hydrogen as
a by-product in the chlor-alkali process, which
will in future be utilised onsite for the generation
of 2 MW of electric power. Nedstacks PEM
power plant technology means that 20% of the
customers energy consumption can be regained.
Nedstack was the first to install a 1 MW PEM
fuel cell power plant, for the Solvay chlorine
plant in Antwerp-Lillo, Belgium in 2011 [FCB,
August 2011, p6 and February 2012, p6], and
6

Fuel Cells Bulletin

Intelligent Energy
acquires portable fuel
cell tech from Bic

K-based Intelligent Energy has

acquired the portable fuel cell
and disposable fuel cartridge assets of
Socit Bic, the French ballpoint pen
and cigarette lighter manufacturer.
IE sees this strategically important
acquisition as a significant step forward
to embedding its technology in
portable consumer electronic devices.
The deal is worth US$13 million (E12.2
million) at closing, expected by the end
of March, with $2 million (E1.9 million)
in an escrow account at closing to be paid
once transition services are completed. The
transaction includes all assets (patents and
related technology and know-how). The
agreement includes a potential cash earn-out of
up to $7 million (E6.6 million).
This acquisition significantly enhances IEs
current extensive portfolio of IP relating to
fuel cells and disposable fuel cartridges. It also
provides the company with incremental and
synergistic high-volume manufacturing and

production IP, together with pilot production

line technologies relating to both disposable
fuel cartridges and planar fuel cells that can
be used alongside IEs own PEM fuel cell
technology. Intelligent Energy launched its
hydrogen PEM fuel cell based Upp personal
energy device at the end of 2013 [FCB,
December 2013, p7 and December 2014, p8].
The additional know-how will reduce the
time and cost of developing production-ready
embedded fuel cells and fuel cartridges, and
strengthens the companys move to a business
model based on licensing of its fuel cell and fuel
cartridge to industrial partners.
This acquisition brings an extensive portfolio
of IP and know-how which complements our
own development programme, and helps us
further leverage the significant IP package
jointly acquired with our international
consumer electronics partner in 2013, says Dr
Henri Winand, CEO of Intelligent Energy. It
also brings proven manufacturing technology,
which is a critical element to the development
of the market for embedded fuel cells.
Bic started portable fuel cell R&D in 2003,
and has been working in partnership with
CEA-Liten since 2004. Bic later acquired the
assets of Angstrom Power, a Canadian developer
of portable fuel cell technology, to complement
Bics R&D on fuel cartridges [FCB, December
2011, p6].
Intelligent Energy, Loughborough, UK.
Tel: +44 1509 271271, www.intelligent-energy.com
Bic: www.bicworld.com

myFC launches JAQ

portable fuel cell
charger at mobiles fair

wedish innovation company myFC

launched its new fuel cell portable
charger, called the JAQ, at the recent
GSMA Mobile World Congress in
Barcelona, Spain. The new charger
is smaller, lighter, and offers a lower
cost per charge alongside a significant
improvement in capacity.
The JAQ charger represents a new way
of charging, featuring a slimline card which
contains ordinary water and salt (sodium
chloride). Electricity is self-generated when
a fresh power card is inserted into the JAQ
charger. The inserted power card provides
2400 mAh, enough for a full smartphone
charge. Once charging is complete, the singleuse power card is removed and can be safely
discarded. The new charger will be in stores in
Q4 of 2015.

March 2015

NEWS
Mobile accessibility is critical for everyone,
and the demand for charging solutions for mobile
phones, tablets, and cameras is increasing, says
Bjrn Westerholm, CEO of myFC. The dramatic
reduction of the size of both the fuel and charger
allows for the charger to be slimmer, so as to
nicely fit inside a jacket pocket, for example.
myFC is developing energy solutions using
PEM fuel cell technology. Last summer the
company launched its second-generation
PowerTrekk 2.0 portable fuel cell charger for small
electronic devices such as cell phones, cameras,
and tablets [FCB, July 2014, p7]. Last autumn
myFC conducted a large user test of fuel cell
chargers, in association with mobile operator 3
Sweden, with selected users given the opportunity
to beta-test two types of fuel cell powered charger
from myFC [FCB, November 2014, p8].
myFC AB, Stockholm, Sweden. Tel: +46 8 5000 0200,
www.myfcpower.com

Protonex early access

to new propane SOFC
remote power system

assachusetts-based Protonex has

announced early access availability
of its P200i solid oxide fuel cell based
portable remote power system,
operating on widely available propane.
The Early Access Programme (EAP)
permits early adopters and integrators
to use the system in their most
challenging environments, giving them
an early advantage in implementing this
new remote power solution.
The P200i system weighs less than 20 kg (44
lb), and offers remote start capability as well as
low acoustic and exhaust emissions. This allows
the portable SOFC system to effectively meet
off-grid and emergency power needs outside the
scope of current power generation technologies.
With its ability to idle for months or
years with virtually no degradation, and
with maintenance intervals in excess of 2000
operating hours, the P200i is ideal for use in
remote applications where regular access is
limited, and traditional generators are too costly
to maintain and operate. The initial target
market is industrial remote power, particularly
in cold weather sites with short days, where
solar panels are ineffective.
SOFCs are particularly valuable for remote
power applications, because they operate on
common fuels such as propane, diesel, or natural
gas, which are more readily available and affordable
than the compressed hydrogen or methanol-water
blends required by other fuel cell types.

March 2015

While the industry has seen penetration of

solid oxide fuel cell products in the stationary
grid-tied markets, a durable, reliable off-grid
SOFC portable product has not been available
until now, says Paul Osenar, CEO of Protonex.
The P200i has undergone extensive qualification
testing, including vibration, drop, and extreme
high- and low-temperature testing. Its advanced
features include integrated internet monitoring
and control to permit easy remote operation with
a simple web interface; temperature-compensated
battery charging to ensure safe and reliable battery
performance in all weathers; and a load-following
capability that permits the system to operate
reliably and efficiently over a wide variety of load
conditions. A sulfur filter rated at 2500 operational
hours and an outdoor enclosure come as standard,
with custom packaging available.
Massachusetts-based Sirius Integrator, the
North American distributer of the P200i, is
managing the early access programme. The unit
will be available to non-EAP participants from
1 August.
Protonex is a leading supplier of rugged
portable power generation and power
management products. The P200i is its first
SOFC product, joining its extensive family
of PEM fuel cell systems for robotics [FCB,
February 2010, p4], unmanned aerial systems
and vehicles (UAS/UAVs) [FCB, January 2014,
p4], and sea-based power.
Protonex Technology Corporation, Southborough,
Massachusetts, USA. Tel: +1 508 490 9960,
www.protonex.com
Sirius Integrator: www.siriusintegrator.com or
www.propane-fuelcell.com

UltraCell wins serial

production order for
hybrid RMFC systems

alifornia-based UltraCell has won

its first serial production order for
portable power hybrid systems based
on the companys XX55 reformed
methanol fuel cell (RMFC) and
accessories. This commercial expansion,
with a significant international military
customer, represents a major transition
of UltraCells RMFC technology from
the lab to actual field deployment.
This new commercial development validates
the continuous improvements that have been
implemented in UltraCells technology since
the company was acquired by Bren-Tronics in
2011. The package comprises third-generation
XX55 fuel cell systems along with methanol
cartridges and other power and fuel accessories.

This order from a well respected

international military customer, for serially
produced systems, will result in field-deployed
fuel cells, says UltraCell CTO Ian Kaye, unlike
most current military fuel cell purchases, which
are for evaluation or are part of an economic
stimulus package.
The XX55 operates on widely available and
environmentally friendly methanol, which
simplifies logistics for international operations.
The unit produces 50 W of continuous power
for portable applications such as satellite
communications, radios, mesh networks,
sensors and other intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance (ISR) applications. Compared
to exotic military primary batteries, the fuel cell
offers a 510-fold reduction in mission cost.
Last year UltraCell and its development
partner SAFCell demonstrated a stand-alone
solid acid fuel cell (SAFC) system running on
propane, with SAFCells proprietary SAFC
stack integrated into UltraCells existing micro
fuel cell system [FCB, October 2014, p6].
UltraCell LLC, Livermore, California, USA.
Tel: +1 925 455 9400, www.ultracell-llc.com

FUELING

Air Products, Suzuki

Shokan to fuel Japan
materials handling

S-based Air Products and Suzuki

Shokan Co Ltd in Japan have
signed an alliance agreement under
which they will collaborate on the
design, construction, and operation of
hydrogen fueling stations to serve the
materials handling vehicle market in
Japan. Air Products and Suzuki Shokan,
an industrial gas company based in
Tokyo, will take Air Products hydrogen
fueling technology and make any
infrastructure modifications required to
meet Japanese regulations.
The companies also agreed to a standard
equipment, engineering and licence deal for
Suzuki Shokans purchase and use of key
equipment supplied by Air Products for the
implementation of the latters SmartFuel
hydrogen fueling station technology.
We have a great deal of experience
supporting the materials handling market
with hydrogen fueling technology and related
infrastructure, says Ed Kiczek, global business
director for hydrogen energy systems at Air
Products. This alliance with Suzuki Shokan
is a tremendous opportunity to work with a

Fuel Cells Bulletin

NEWS
recognised leader in the Japanese industrial gas
market, to serve the materials handling industry
in that region of the world.
Japans keen interest in hydrogen fueling
for the automotive market provides a natural
extension to hydrogen fueling for materials
handling, continues Kiczek, adding that the
alliance is already in discussion with multiple
high-profile customers for the first deployment.
Suzuki Shokan has a long history of
supplying the hydrogen business, including
engineering, equipment and parts design, piping
construction, and knowledge of laws and safety
regulations. The company expects that using this
and its nationwide sales and marketing resources,
in conjunction with Air Products technology,
will see fuel cell powered forklifts make steady
progress in the Japanese market.
Air Products SmartFuel technology is daily
fueling more than 2500 materials handling
vehicles in the US, supplying over 20 sites
and dispensing hydrogen indoors at nearly 70
dispensers, some of them operating 100 times
a day. The Suzuki Shokan agreement is Air
Products second with a Japanese company
relating to hydrogen fueling. A year ago it hooked
up with Nippon Steel & Sumikin Pipeline &
Engineering, to collaborate on Japans developing
hydrogen fueling infrastructure market for
automotive customers [FCB, March 2014, p8].
Suzuki Shokan supplies high-pressure gases
to various industries, hospitals, R&D labs, and
universities. In the fuel cell electric vehicle sector
the company provides parts and equipment for
pressures up to 1000 bar, and services that test
parts in the hydrogen environment.
Air Products, Materials Handling Hydrogen Fueling:
www.airproducts.com/h2forklift
Air Products, Hydrogen Energy:
www.airproducts.com/h2energy
Suzuki Shokan: www.suzukishokan.co.jp/english

H2 Logic partners to
grow hydrogen fueling
network in Denmark

n Denmark, oil & energy supplier

OK and industrial gases company
Strandmllen A/S will establish up
to five hydrogen fueling stations, in
collaboration with H2 Logic, a leading
hydrogen station manufacturer. The
stations will ensure that half of the
Danish population is within 15 km (10
miles) of the nearest hydrogen station.
The hydrogen stations will be operated by a
joint venture company, Danish Hydrogen Fuel
A/S (DHF), owned by the three partners. DHF
8

Fuel Cells Bulletin

is a prime example of an optimal structure and

set of competences required for the successful
rollout and operation of a network of fueling
stations based on hydrogen produced using
sustainable energy. The DHF station network
is being constructed with support from the
European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint
Undertaking (FCH JU) and the Danish Energy
Agency, with plans for additional public funding.
The partnership will expand the existing
Danish network to 11 stations by 2016, covering
all major cities and making it possible to reach
any location in the country. The availability of
hydrogen fueling in a dense network of stations
is key to the successful market introduction of
fuel cell electric vehicles by major automakers.
Denmark has one of the worlds best incentives
for FCEVs, which are exempted from normal
registration taxes that go up to 180% of the
vehicle price. This makes an FCEV price of
E50 000 (US$53 000) fully competitive today.
Denmark plans to increase the share of wind
power generation to 100% of national electricity
consumption by 2035, and from 2050 it plans
to achieve 100% fossil independence across all
energy sectors, including transportation, which
calls for the use of hydrogen.
The new hydrogen stations will be located
at existing gasoline stations in OKs nationwide
network, ensuring easy market access via existing
infrastructure. Strandmllen provides DHF
with experience and competence in hydrogen
production and distribution; it operates
Denmarks only electrolysis production plant,
and will provide hydrogen for the DHF stations.
H2 Logic is a leading manufacturer of
hydrogen fueling stations, with its H2Station
product used across Europe; the DHF stations
will be based on this technology [see the H2
Logic feature in FCB, May 2013]. H2 Logic is
already jointly investing with Air Liquide in
the Copenhagen Hydrogen Network (CHN),
to build a network of four hydrogen stations
[FCB, July 2014, p8].
H2 Logic, Herning, Denmark. Tel: +45 9627 5600,
www.h2logic.com

industrial and energy storage, has

announced a technology partnership
agreement with the De Nora group
in Italy, a leading global provider of
electrochemical products and services.
Under the agreement, De Nora will supply
McPhy Energy with activated electrodes for
its range of new-generation alkaline water
electrolysers. The new equipment is more
compact and responsive, with an exceptional
lifespan, and is expected to deliver significantly
improved technical and economic performance
capabilities for the industrial and energy markets.
The combination of our two technologies
will enable us to offer increasingly competitive,
flexible, and environmentally friendly hydrogen
generation equipment for our industrial and
energy sector customers, comments Pascal
Mauberger, CEO of McPhy Energy.
De Nora is committed to boost water
electrolysis technologies with its patented
high-performing electrodes, adds Luca
Buonerba, chief marketing & business
development officer at De Nora. We are
improving the value proposition of the
electrochemical route to energy storage,
lowering capital and operating costs.
McPhy Energy has developed a proprietary
metal hydride-based technique for storing
hydrogen in solid form, and also now has a
range of electrolyser products for the energy and
mobility markets [FCB, February 2013, p9 and
October 2013, p7, and see page 9]. The company
has production sites in France, Germany and
Italy, and an R&D laboratory in France.
De Noras noble metal-coated electrodes
are utilised in a wide variety of industries and
applications such as chlorine, chlorate and
hypochlorite production, alkaline water electrolysis,
PEM fuel cells and water treatment, surface finishing,
electronics, cathodic protection, electrogalvanising,
metal winning, and metal recovery.
McPhy Energy, La Motte-Fanjas, France.
Tel: +33 4 7571 1505, www.mcphy.com
Industrie De Nora SpA, Milan, Italy.
Tel: +39 02 21291, www.denora.com

OK: www.ok.dk/global/english
Strandmllen: www.strandmollen.dk [in Danish]
European Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:
www.fch-ju.eu

McPhy, De Nora sign

technology partnership
for new electrolysers

he French company McPhy

Energy, which specialises in
hydrogen-based solutions for

Sandia report on joint

prospects for CNG and
hydrogen FCEVs

n the US, Sandia National Laboratories

supported by the Department
of Energys Vehicle Technologies
and Fuel Cell Technologies Offices
recently released the workshop report,
Transitioning the Transportation Sector:
Exploring the Intersection of Hydrogen

March 2015

NEWS
recognised leader in the Japanese industrial gas
market, to serve the materials handling industry
in that region of the world.
Japans keen interest in hydrogen fueling
for the automotive market provides a natural
extension to hydrogen fueling for materials
handling, continues Kiczek, adding that the
alliance is already in discussion with multiple
high-profile customers for the first deployment.
Suzuki Shokan has a long history of
supplying the hydrogen business, including
engineering, equipment and parts design, piping
construction, and knowledge of laws and safety
regulations. The company expects that using this
and its nationwide sales and marketing resources,
in conjunction with Air Products technology,
will see fuel cell powered forklifts make steady
progress in the Japanese market.
Air Products SmartFuel technology is daily
fueling more than 2500 materials handling
vehicles in the US, supplying over 20 sites
and dispensing hydrogen indoors at nearly 70
dispensers, some of them operating 100 times
a day. The Suzuki Shokan agreement is Air
Products second with a Japanese company
relating to hydrogen fueling. A year ago it hooked
up with Nippon Steel & Sumikin Pipeline &
Engineering, to collaborate on Japans developing
hydrogen fueling infrastructure market for
automotive customers [FCB, March 2014, p8].
Suzuki Shokan supplies high-pressure gases
to various industries, hospitals, R&D labs, and
universities. In the fuel cell electric vehicle sector
the company provides parts and equipment for
pressures up to 1000 bar, and services that test
parts in the hydrogen environment.
Air Products, Materials Handling Hydrogen Fueling:
www.airproducts.com/h2forklift
Air Products, Hydrogen Energy:
www.airproducts.com/h2energy
Suzuki Shokan: www.suzukishokan.co.jp/english

H2 Logic partners to
grow hydrogen fueling
network in Denmark

n Denmark, oil & energy supplier

OK and industrial gases company
Strandmllen A/S will establish up
to five hydrogen fueling stations, in
collaboration with H2 Logic, a leading
hydrogen station manufacturer. The
stations will ensure that half of the
Danish population is within 15 km (10
miles) of the nearest hydrogen station.
The hydrogen stations will be operated by a
joint venture company, Danish Hydrogen Fuel
A/S (DHF), owned by the three partners. DHF
8

Fuel Cells Bulletin

is a prime example of an optimal structure and

set of competences required for the successful
rollout and operation of a network of fueling
stations based on hydrogen produced using
sustainable energy. The DHF station network
is being constructed with support from the
European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint
Undertaking (FCH JU) and the Danish Energy
Agency, with plans for additional public funding.
The partnership will expand the existing
Danish network to 11 stations by 2016, covering
all major cities and making it possible to reach
any location in the country. The availability of
hydrogen fueling in a dense network of stations
is key to the successful market introduction of
fuel cell electric vehicles by major automakers.
Denmark has one of the worlds best incentives
for FCEVs, which are exempted from normal
registration taxes that go up to 180% of the
vehicle price. This makes an FCEV price of
E50 000 (US$53 000) fully competitive today.
Denmark plans to increase the share of wind
power generation to 100% of national electricity
consumption by 2035, and from 2050 it plans
to achieve 100% fossil independence across all
energy sectors, including transportation, which
calls for the use of hydrogen.
The new hydrogen stations will be located
at existing gasoline stations in OKs nationwide
network, ensuring easy market access via existing
infrastructure. Strandmllen provides DHF
with experience and competence in hydrogen
production and distribution; it operates
Denmarks only electrolysis production plant,
and will provide hydrogen for the DHF stations.
H2 Logic is a leading manufacturer of
hydrogen fueling stations, with its H2Station
product used across Europe; the DHF stations
will be based on this technology [see the H2
Logic feature in FCB, May 2013]. H2 Logic is
already jointly investing with Air Liquide in
the Copenhagen Hydrogen Network (CHN),
to build a network of four hydrogen stations
[FCB, July 2014, p8].
H2 Logic, Herning, Denmark. Tel: +45 9627 5600,
www.h2logic.com

industrial and energy storage, has

announced a technology partnership
agreement with the De Nora group
in Italy, a leading global provider of
electrochemical products and services.
Under the agreement, De Nora will supply
McPhy Energy with activated electrodes for
its range of new-generation alkaline water
electrolysers. The new equipment is more
compact and responsive, with an exceptional
lifespan, and is expected to deliver significantly
improved technical and economic performance
capabilities for the industrial and energy markets.
The combination of our two technologies
will enable us to offer increasingly competitive,
flexible, and environmentally friendly hydrogen
generation equipment for our industrial and
energy sector customers, comments Pascal
Mauberger, CEO of McPhy Energy.
De Nora is committed to boost water
electrolysis technologies with its patented
high-performing electrodes, adds Luca
Buonerba, chief marketing & business
development officer at De Nora. We are
improving the value proposition of the
electrochemical route to energy storage,
lowering capital and operating costs.
McPhy Energy has developed a proprietary
metal hydride-based technique for storing
hydrogen in solid form, and also now has a
range of electrolyser products for the energy and
mobility markets [FCB, February 2013, p9 and
October 2013, p7, and see page 9]. The company
has production sites in France, Germany and
Italy, and an R&D laboratory in France.
De Noras noble metal-coated electrodes
are utilised in a wide variety of industries and
applications such as chlorine, chlorate and
hypochlorite production, alkaline water electrolysis,
PEM fuel cells and water treatment, surface finishing,
electronics, cathodic protection, electrogalvanising,
metal winning, and metal recovery.
McPhy Energy, La Motte-Fanjas, France.
Tel: +33 4 7571 1505, www.mcphy.com
Industrie De Nora SpA, Milan, Italy.
Tel: +39 02 21291, www.denora.com

OK: www.ok.dk/global/english
Strandmllen: www.strandmollen.dk [in Danish]
European Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:
www.fch-ju.eu

McPhy, De Nora sign

technology partnership
for new electrolysers

he French company McPhy

Energy, which specialises in
hydrogen-based solutions for

Sandia report on joint

prospects for CNG and
hydrogen FCEVs

n the US, Sandia National Laboratories

supported by the Department
of Energys Vehicle Technologies
and Fuel Cell Technologies Offices
recently released the workshop report,
Transitioning the Transportation Sector:
Exploring the Intersection of Hydrogen

March 2015

NEWS
Fuel Cell and Natural Gas Vehicles. The
workshop, held in September 2014,
considered common opportunities and
challenges in expanding the use of
hydrogen and compressed natural gas
(CNG) as transportation fuels.
The workshop was organised by Sandia, the
American Gas Association and Toyota, and
included participants from the automotive
industry, freight delivery fleets, gas suppliers, gas
storage developers, utilities, academia, industry
associations, national laboratories, and federal
and state governments. Participants identified
several areas where companies can better
capitalise on synergies between the two fuels.
Stakeholders identified substantial potential
for co-locating natural gas and hydrogen stations,
rather than building them separately. Natural
gas and hydrogen fuels are unlikely to compete
for the same market segments (natural gas for
fleets, and hydrogen for consumers), and station
operators could cater to both types of users.
Because hydrogen production can use natural gas
as a feedstock, selling both fuels could also take
advantage of common supply chains.
The workshop report also says that if
companies shift away from separate approaches
and towards using common equipment, similar
pressures, and the same manufacturing processes,
they could enable economies of scale for storage
equipment and handling. Common equipment
could further improve the business case for
co-locating infrastructure, driving down the costs
and expanding the market for both fuels.
Other observations in the report include:
U i}ii>viVi>`vi}
infrastructure will co-exist, and are likely to
suit different niches.
U 7ii}v>i>iviLi
unpredictable, early station development can
provide lessons that aid long-term expansion.
U /}iiii>`V
assessments are needed to quantify the benefits
of co-developing natural gas and hydrogen.
The report also says that different policies may
be more effective for different fuels. For example,
aggressive deployment programmes for natural
gas vehicles have stimulated the development
of complementary, unsubsidised fueling
infrastructure. In contrast, zero-emission vehicle
mandates and public investment in early hydrogen
infrastructure have motivated automakers to
produce hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles.
Download the report:
http://tinyurl.com/sandia-h2-NG-report
DOE Vehicle Technologies Office:
http://energy.gov/eere/vehicles
DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Systems Analysis:
http://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/systems-analysis

March 2015

ENERGY STORAGE

ITM delivers next-gen

Power-to-Gas PEM
electrolyser to RWE

K-based ITM Power has delivered

the rapid-response Power-to-Gas
(P2G) PEM electrolyser system sold to
RWE Deutschland in Germany, within
10 weeks of receiving the order [FCB,
January 2015, p8]. This is the third rapidresponse P2G energy storage system
installed by ITM Power in Germany, and
the first second-generation unit.
The system for RWE is a second-generation
PEM electrolyser system using a higher current
density, which permits a higher hydrogen
output per stack [FCB, February 2015, p8].
The system efficiency is also increased by
simplification of balance of plant. The system
incorporates the very first deployment of AEGs
new Thyrobox advanced power conversion
electronics, which offers ultrahigh power factor,
rapid response time, and higher efficiency over
the full operating range.
As part of ITM Powers drive to increase
productivity, and as a result of product
standardisation, the company has been able to
significantly reduce delivery timescales [FCB,
February 2015, p9]. This allowed the assembly,
factory acceptance testing, and delivery of the
unit to RWE in less than 10 weeks, enabled
by an ongoing production run of standard
electrolyser systems.
The RWE plant will produce hydrogen
from renewable electricity, which will be
injected locally into the gas network as part
of its Power-to-Gas installation in Ibbenbren
in North Rhine-Westphalia. After further
preparatory work and a short test, the plant is
expected to go into operation by the summer.
In other news, ITM Powers P2G electrolyser
in operation with Thga AG in Frankfurt
recently completed a series of comprehensive
stress tests [FCB, December 2014, p10].
Working with the European Institute for Energy
Research (EIFER) and the Research Center
for Water Chemistry and Water Technology at
the Engler-Bunte-Institute (DVGW-EBI), the
Thga P2G Platform undertook a series of stress
tests that analysed efficiency, control speed, load
behaviour, and gas quality.
In its relevant load range (between 50 kW
and around 325 kW), the entire system
from electrical input to gas injection into the
distribution grid recorded an efficiency of up
to 77%, based on the higher heating value of
hydrogen. One reason for the high efficiency is

the fact that we are feeding directly into the gas

distribution network, and thus have eliminated
the need for a compressor, explains Thga CEO
Michael Riechel.
The system can react to variable loads in
the network, and fulfils the requirement to
participate in the market for secondary control
(grid balancing). The pre-qualification process
for participation in the market for secondary
control is already under way.
A further focal point is how the plant can
be integrated into an increasingly intelligent
future energy system. For the duration of the
demonstration, we want to integrate the plant
so that it actively contributes to compensating
for the differences between renewable energy
generation and power consumption, says Riechel.
The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
ISE is developing software for real-time control.
ITM Power, Sheffield, UK. Tel: +44 114 244 5111,
www.itm-power.com
Thga Group: www.thuega.de [in German]

McPhy links Enertrag

hydrogen P2G plant in
Prenzlau to gas grid

rench company McPhy Energy has

given an update on the operation
and performance of the Enertrag
hybrid power plant in Prenzlau,
Germany. Since the hydrogen injection
system came online in November, more
than 100 MWh of surplus wind energy
has been converted into hydrogen and
injected into the gas supply network.
The Prenzlau hybrid power plant was built
by Enertrag, with support from the European
Union, Deutsche Bahn (German Railways), the
French oil & gas company Total, and Swedish
power company Vattenfall [see the News
Feature in FCB, May 2012]. McPhy Energy
has modified and adapted the existing hybrid
power plant, and built the interface to the gas
injection system. Since then, Enertrag, one of
the largest independent European renewable
energy suppliers, has been able to convert more
than 100 MWh of surplus wind energy into
hydrogen and safeguard its energy utilisation
through injection into the gas grid. This
provides an industrial-scale demonstration of
the economic potential of Power-to-Gas (P2G).
The heart of the Prenzlau power plant
technology is a 500 kW alkaline electrolyser,
which was built by an Enertrag division,
Enertrag HyTec GmbH, which was subsequently
acquired by McPhy Energy in September 2013
[FCB, October 2013, p7]. McPhys German

Fuel Cells Bulletin

NEWS
subsidiary further optimised this technology,
now known as Alcaline 2.0 electrolysis, and has
developed in-depth experience in integrating it
into energy infrastructures such as electrical or
natural gas networks.
McPhy recently announced a technology
partnership agreement with the De Nora
group in Italy, under which McPhy will
launch a range of new-generation alkaline
water electrolysers using De Noras activated
electrodes [see page 8].
McPhy Energy, La Motte-Fanjas, France.
Tel: +33 4 7571 1505, www.mcphy.com
Enertrag, Hybrid Power Plant: http://ow.ly/b5UY0

COMMERCIALISATION

Ballard signs deals

for wearable power,
automotive solutions

anadian-based Ballard Power

Systems has signed two new
Technology Solutions contracts, one
with Ardica Technologies in San
Francisco, California and one with
an unnamed global automotive
OEM. Under each contract Ballard
will provide expertise in PEM
fuel cell technology to advance
customer programmes through their
development stages.
These latest contracts are indicative of
the growing interest we are seeing in fuel cell
development programmes, says Dr Kevin
Colbow, Ballards VP of technology solutions.
In addition to the automotive sector, exciting
opportunities are also emerging in aerospace,
railway, and military application areas. For all
these, Ballard is uniquely positioned to help
customers by means of compelling bundled
technology solutions that leverage our deep
expertise, and also offer the potential for
component supply in the longer term.
The new contract with Ardica encompasses
a next phase of work in the continuing
development programme for a wearable fuel
cell power system to be used by soldiers. This
next work phase will focus on cost reduction
along with development of additional
manufacturing capabilities, as the Ardica
system with a compact Ballard fuel cell stack
advances towards the prototype stage and
ultimately towards certification for full-scale
production and purchase.
It is envisioned that the Ardica wearable fuel
cell power system will provide similar or better
operating performance than todays wearable
10

Fuel Cells Bulletin

lithium-ion batteries, while halving weight

and volume during typical 72-hour missions.
This would enable soldiers to power a variety
of devices and carry more mission-specific
equipment, without limiting mobility.
Ballards work with Volkswagen Group
and two other global automotive OEMs is
continuing, augmented by a recent Technology
Solutions transaction with Volkswagen Group
[see page 2] that includes a two-year extension
to the engineering services programme. This
latest contract with a new global automotive
OEM customer will involve activities focused on
fundamental fuel cell technology development.
Ballard Power Systems, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Tel: +1 604 454 0900, www.ballard.com
Ardica Technologies, San Francisco, California, USA.
Tel: +1 415 568 9270, www.ardica.com

Ceramic Fuel Cells

now in administration,
despite tech progress

ustralian-based Ceramic Fuel

Cells Ltd has appointed voluntary
administrators, following a board
resolution that the company was either
insolvent, or was likely to become
insolvent. The announcement came
just a few weeks after CFCL reported
that its BlueGen solid oxide fuel cell
product has demonstrated worldleading electrical efficiencies across an
extremely wide operating range.
Adam Nikitins and Justin Walsh, partners
at Ernst & Young Australia, were appointed as
administrators of CFCL on 1 March, and are
conducting an urgent review of the options
available to them. Trading in CFCL shares has
been suspended on the Australian Securities
Exchange and the AIM sub-market of the
London Stock Exchange.
Before the decision to enter administration,
CFCL reported that the BlueGen product has
demonstrated excellent electrical efficiencies
across an extremely wide operating range.
The optimised 1.5 kW BlueGen product has
now demonstrated an electrical efficiency of at
least 60% from 800C to 1500C, and above
50% from about 450C. With its optimised
operating regime the BlueGen demonstrated
>60% electrical efficiency from 1.5 kW
through to a reduced power output of nearly
0.8 kW. Electrical efficiencies of greater than
50% have been demonstrated down to 0.5 kW
or about 30% of its power output.
Maintaining such excellent efficiency over
such an extreme range enables BlueGen to be

readily controlled at reduced power outputs

without detriment, making the product even
more attractive and flexible for integration with
renewable energy sources, such as in a Virtual
Power Plant. The optimised performance comes
through a change in the operating conditions that
has no negative impact on the life of the product.
In between these two announcements,
Ceramic Fuel Cells reported that its March
2014 share purchase and convertible security
agreement with Bergen Global Opportunity
Fund has been terminated by the parties in
accordance with its terms [FCB, April 2014, p4].
Bergen has provided substantial funds to CFCL,
assisting technology development and bridging
CFCL to utilising the increased German federal
government support system, and the first thirdparty fully funded BlueGen programme in the
UK [FCB, December 2014, p6].
Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd, Noble Park, Victoria,
Australia. Tel: +61 3 9554 2300,
www.cfcl.com.au or www.bluegen.info

RESEARCH

DOE invests $10m in

11 projects through
tech incubator funding

he Fuel Cell Technologies Office

(FCTO) of the US Department
of Energy has selected 11 projects
to receive up to $10 million in total
funding in support of innovations
in fuel cell and hydrogen fuel
technologies. The project selections
aim to identify high-impact
technologies that are not already
addressed in FCTOs strategic plan or
mainstream project portfolio.
The selected projects will support R&D
efforts to address critical challenges and
barriers for hydrogen and fuel cell technology
development. The projects have the potential
to dramatically lower the cost or improve the
performance, durability, or efficiency of fuel
cells or hydrogen fuel production.
The following projects have been selected:
U Advent Technologies (www.advent-energy.
com) in Connecticut will advance liquidfueled and higher-temperature fuel cell
technology at the catalyst, gas diffusion
electrode, and MEA levels for stationary and
auxiliary power unit applications.
U /iCenter for Transportation and the
Environment (www.cte.tv) in Atlanta will
develop 700 bar conformable hydrogen
storage systems based on novel pressure vessel

March 2015

NEWS / IN BRIEF

designs developed by the founder of High

Energy Coil Reservoirs.
/iGas Technology Institute (www.
gastechnology.org) in Des Plaines, Illinois will
assess the technical and economic feasibility
of thermal compression for cost-effective
pressurisation of hydrogen to 700 bar for
hydrogen fueling stations, and demonstrate
the concept in a small-scale test system.
Giner (www.ginerinc.com) in Massachusetts
will develop reversible fuel cells for energy
storage applications based on alkaline
exchange membrane technology.
Northeastern University (www.northeastern.
edu) in Boston will develop non-PGM, anion
poisoning-resistant, oxygen reduction reaction
electrocatalysts to replace high platinum loadings
in phosphoric acid-based fuel cells for combined
heat and power stationary applications.
Proton OnSite (www.ProtonOnSite.com) in
Connecticut will advance alkaline exchange
membrane-based electrolysis technology by
developing durable and efficient PGM-free
electrolysis cells.
/iUniversity of California, Irvine (www.
uci.edu) will develop a novel photocatalyst
particle-based slurry reactor with the
potential for low-cost renewable hydrogen
production via solar water splitting.
/iUniversity of Delaware (www.udel.edu)
will develop a new class of anion exchange
membranes with high oxidative stability for
use in cerium redox-flow batteries, and with
potential for use in fuel cells.
/iUniversity of New Mexico in
Albuquerque (www.unm.edu) will address a
major challenge for anion exchange membrane
fuel cells, i.e. the absence of a reliable anode
catalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction.
Versa Power Systems (www.versa-power.com)
in Colorado will develop hydrogen production
technologies using high-temperature solid
oxide electrolysis capable of operating at
high current densities (i.e. high hydrogen
production rates) and high efficiencies.
Virginia Tech (www.vt.edu) will develop
biological hydrogen production technology
based on an in vitro synthetic biosystem.

DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Office: http://energy.gov/

eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office

NPL, ITM Power

develop new electrode
for PEM electrolysers

cientists from the National Physical

Laboratory in the UK have developed
a novel reference electrode for
polymer electrolyte membrane water
electrolysers (PEMWEs), and are working
with ITM Power to aid the development
of hydrogen production technologies for
renewable energy storage.

March 2015

PEMWEs are more efficient than currently

used alkaline electrolysis technologies, but they
require relatively expensive catalyst materials
such as iridium/ruthenium oxide (for oxygen
evolution at the anode) and platinum (for
hydrogen evolution at the cathode). Costeffective design and extended lifetime are
needed to boost PEMWE competitiveness,
but development is being held back by poor
understanding of catalyst degradation.
Edward Brightman and Gareth Hinds from
NPLs Centre for Carbon Measurement have
adapted their innovative fuel cell reference
electrode for use in PEMWEs, allowing in situ
measurement of the electrochemical processes
at the anode and the cathode [see the NPL
feature in FCB, August 2013].
Conventional reference electrodes either
connect to the edge of the cell under test, leading
to significant measurement errors arising from
edge effects, or require special modifications to
the PEMWE design, making them difficult to
incorporate. NPLs reference electrode avoids these
problems, by connecting directly to the cell active
region through holes drilled into the end plates.
This allows the reference electrode to determine
the anode and cathode contributions to the cell
voltage, without affecting cell performance.
Commercial PEMWE systems commonly
show a decay in open-circuit potential (the voltage
at zero current) after the current is switched
off. This has conventionally been attributed to
changes in the redox state of the anode catalyst
which can lead to degradation. But in new work
published in Electrochemistry Communications,
the NPL reference electrode has demonstrated
that the decay in potential is entirely due to the
cathode. This is caused by oxidation of the Pt
surface following shutdown, and large changes in
potential were found to significantly reduce the
electrochemical surface area of the Pt catalyst.
NPL is working with ITM Power, the UKs
leading manufacturer of commercial PEMWE
systems, to apply the technique to the study
of catalyst durability and the development of
accelerated test protocols for new catalyst materials.
While internationally recognised accelerated
stress tests exist for PEM fuel cells, there are no
equivalent protocols for PEM electrolysers.
This work has disrupted the conventional
thinking in PEM electrolyser degradation, and
has paved the way toward the development of
internationally recognised accelerated stress tests,
comments paper co-author Nicholas van Dijk,
research director at ITM Power.
NPL Centre for Carbon Measurement:
www.npl.co.uk/carbon-measurement
ITM Power: www.itm-power.com
Research paper:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2015.01.005

IN BRIEF
DOE launches emergency response
hydrogen training resource
The Fuel Cell Technologies Office of the US
Department of Energy has launched a free
online national hydrogen safety training resource
for emergency responders (http://h2tools.
org/fr/nt). Developed by Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory and the California Fuel
Cell Partnership, the resource provides a single
up-to-date repository of credible and reliable
information related to hydrogen and fuel cells,
and eliminates duplicate work. This approach
will enable government and private training
organisations in the US to develop their own
training programmes with consistent content
and standards relating to hydrogen and fuel cells.
A properly trained first-responder community is
critical to the successful introduction of hydrogen
fuel cell applications such as fuel cell electric
vehicles, fuel cell powered materials handling
equipment, and emergency backup power. Using
this national emergency response hydrogen
training resource, hydrogen and fuel cell-related
training can be delivered locally by first-responder
trainers to protect life and preserve property.
These free training materials are adaptable to the
specific needs of first-responders and training
organisations, and are meant to complement the
extensive training programmes already in place.
Ricardo-AEA, E4tech run UK hydrogen
fueling station funding competition
The UK governments Office for Low Emission
Vehicles (OLEV) has launched a grant scheme
for hydrogen refueling station infrastructure,
under which grant funding of up to 5.5
million (US$8.2 million) will be made available
to support a UK hydrogen fueling network
capable of servicing fuel cell electric vehicles by
2016/2017. Grant funding of 3.5 million will
be provided to develop up to seven new, fully
functional, hydrogen stations, with a further 2
million available to upgrade up to eight existing
demonstration stations.
Automotive consultancy Ricardo-AEA
(www.ricardo-aea.com) and sustainable energy
consultancy E4tech (www.e4tech.com) have
been appointed as delivery partners for the
funding competition. Ricardo-AEA will
oversee submission of infrastructure proposals,
before technical review of the applications and
making formal recommendations to OLEV.
Technical experts within Ricardo-AEA and
E4tech will judge applications on how well
they meet a range of criteria, including the role
they will play in an early hydrogen network.
Ricardo-AEA will then work with government
to deliver the grant payments to successful
infrastructure candidates, and monitor and
report on the installation of new hydrogen
refueling stations.

Fuel Cells Bulletin

11

NEWS FEATURE

Aberdeen opens UKs largest

hydrogen production, fueling
station for expanding bus fleet
The UKs first hydrogen production and bus refueling station was officially
opened on 11 March, as part of a 19 million (US$28 million, E27 million)
green transport demonstration project in Aberdeen, Scotland. The Aberdeen
Hydrogen Bus Project, which will see a fleet of 10 fuel cell buses in public
revenue service, is the most high-profile of a range of projects designed to
create a hydrogen economy in the city and surrounding region.
The Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project has
backing from Europe, the UK government
and the Scottish government, as well as a
broad range of private sector partners. During
2015 it will deliver a hydrogen infrastructure
in Aberdeen, including the production of
hydrogen at the UKs first commercial-scale
hydrogen production and bus refueling station,
as well as a purpose-built hydrogen fuel cell bus
maintenance facility.
The Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project
partners are Aberdeen City Council, the
Scottish government, Scottish Enterprise, the
national innovation agency Innovate UK,
Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution,
industrial gases company BOC, Belgian busbuilder Van Hool, bus operators First and
Stagecoach, Scotia Gas Networks (SGN), and
low-carbon energy consultancy Element Energy.

Hydrogen station for

refueling fleet of buses
The hydrogen fueling station, at Aberdeen
City Councils Kittybrewster depot to the
north of the city centre, is owned and
operated by BOC, a member of the Linde
Group. The station has been delivered as part
of the Council-led project, which is testing
the economic and environmental benefits of
hydrogen transportation technologies, and aims
to drive the further development of hydrogen
technologies.
It will refuel 10 hydrogen fuel cell buses,
manufactured by Van Hool and powered by
150 kW FCvelocity-HD6 PEM fuel cell
modules supplied by Canadian-based Ballard
Power Systems. First is operating four buses
on the X40 Kingswells to Bridge of Don parkand-ride route, with the other six operated by
Stagecoach on the X17 Aberdeen city centre to
12

Fuel Cells Bulletin

Westhill route. The buses will reduce carbon

emissions and air pollution, and be quieter and
smoother to run than diesel engine vehicles.
We are delighted to be a partner in this
exciting and ground-breaking project for
Aberdeen, says David Phillips, managing
director of First Aberdeen. Our four hydrogenpowered vehicles are already out in service, and
proving really popular with customers.
The Scottish government is supporting the
introduction of cleaner and greener transport
options across Scotland, says Scottish Transport
Minister Derek Mackay. Aberdeens new fleet
of zero-emission hydrogen buses is one of the
most exciting of these. The public will welcome
the smoother and quieter journeys these buses
bring, which will undoubtedly add to the
attractiveness of this mode as a travel choice.
Mackay continues: This means the project
isnt just good news for transport it also
demonstrates how we can use hydrogen as
energy from renewables, which integrates our
energy and transport sectors, as well as making
the most of Scotlands vast renewable energy
resources.
As a leading world energy city determined
to anchor the renewables industry in the northeast of Scotland, the success of the Aberdeen
Hydrogen Bus Project is a real coup, says
Councillor Jenny Laing, Leader of Aberdeen
City Council. We not only have Europes
largest fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses running
on the streets of Aberdeen, but we also have the
UKs first and largest hydrogen production and
bus refueling station, with plans in place for
further hydrogen stations which will be capable
of fueling other vehicles, including cars.
FCB reported last summer that the city
council is considering the purchase of
additional hydrogen vehicles, in the form of
Renault vans with fuel cell range-extenders

as well as Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell cars [FCB,

September 2014, p8].
We have a very clear hydrogen strategy for
the future, and are on the cusp of realising
our aspiration of becoming a world-leading
city for low-carbon technology, while
maintaining our position as a leading world
energy city, continues Jenny Laing. The
Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project is a very
important demonstration project, which will
help to inform the growth and development
of hydrogen technologies and the hydrogen
industry, as well as a strong hydrogen economy
in Aberdeen. The benefits of this project will be
felt locally, nationally, and internationally.

BOC station technology

The hydrogen refueling station, built by BOC,
features a 1 MW electrolyser system supplied
by Canadian-based Hydrogenics through its
European electrolyser business in Belgium.
Comprising three HySTAT 60 electrolysers,
the station will provide up to 400 kg/day of
hydrogen, and be capable of refueling two
buses back-to-back within 30 minutes. Further
stations are planned across the city.
BOC is extremely proud to be part of the
Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project, a groundbreaking demonstration of low-carbon public
transport in which Aberdeen is setting the
standards, not just for Scotland, but also for
Europe, says Nathan Palmer, Director of Bulk
and Packaged Gases for BOC. BOC is now ready
for its next project on the hydrogen highway.
We want to work with other committed partners
delivering a step-change in the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions in the UK.
BOC has previously supplied the UKs
first commercial-scale, solar-powered green
hydrogen production and refueling facility,
located at the Honda car manufacturing site

March 2015

NEWS FEATURE

The UKs largest hydrogen production &

bus refueling station has been opened in
Aberdeen, Scotland, to serve the city fleet
of 10 fuel cell buses.

in Swindon [FCB, November 2014, p8]. This

publicly accessible station serves the worlds first
hybrid vans running on a mix of sustainable
biodiesel and hydrogen, the UKs first fuel cell
powered forklift trucks, and a fuel cell powered
Education Centre on the site.

National and European

funding
The project has been co-funded by Scottish,
UK, and European partners. These include
Innovate UK (2.4 million), the Scottish
Government (1.7 million), Scottish Enterprise
(1.7 million), the European Fuel Cells and
Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU)
through the High V.LO-City and HyTransit
projects (8.3 million), Aberdeen City Council
(2 million), bus operators First (1 million)
and Stagecoach (1 million), Scottish Hydro
Electric Power Distribution (750 000), and
Scotia Gas Networks (SGN, 200 000). In
addition, BOC has invested 1 million in the
hydrogen production and refueling station.
As the European funding instrument for
fuel cells and hydrogen technologies, the FCH
JU is very proud to welcome the opening of
Scotlands first hydrogen production and bus
refueling station, says Bert De Colvenaer,
Executive Director of the Fuel Cells and
Hydrogen Joint Undertaking. This event
highlights an important milestone in the
implementation of Europes largest fleet
of hydrogen fuel cell buses in Aberdeen,
co-financed through two projects funded by the
FCH JU: High V.LO-City and HyTransit.
The EU-funded High V.LO-City project
coordinated by Van Hool aims to accelerate
the integration of a new generation of hydrogen
fuel cell buses, with a total of 14 fuel cell buses
operating in public transport fleets in Scotland,
Liguria in northwestern Italy, and Flanders
in northern Belgium. They will demonstrate
the buses technical and operational quality,
and their value in both creating a clean and
highly attractive public transport service and
in facilitating the modular shift envisioned by

March 2015

local transport policies.

The HyTransit (European Hydrogen Transit
Buses in Scotland) project aims to prove that
a hybrid fuel cell bus can meet the operational
performance of an equivalent diesel bus on
demanding intercity UK routes, and reduce
refueling times for hydrogen buses through the
use of a state-of-the-art hydrogen refueling station
using ionic compression and fast-flow dispensing
technology. The E16.3 million project (with E7
million from the FCH JU) is coordinated by
BOC, and will run to the end of June 2017.
As the coordinator of the High V.LO-City fuel
cell bus project, a partner in HyTransit, and the
supplier of the fuel cell buses, Van Hool is very
proud to be an intrinsic part of the Aberdeen
Hydrogen Bus Project, the largest fuel cell bus
deployment in all of Europe, comments Filip
Van Hool, CEO of the Belgian bus-builder Van
Hool NV. Operated by First and Stagecoach in a
very demanding service in Scotland, it will show
the degree of readiness of the technology, and
constitute a benchmark for projects to come. We
are all looking forward to the benefits of zeroemission buses in real-life operation.
The Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project is
also part of the HyTrEc (Hydrogen Transport
Economy) transnational project, which involves
working with EU partners around the North
Sea to facilitate transnational cooperation and
learning. The HyTrEc project also aims to
enhance the competitiveness of the North Sea
region in hydrogen development, and provide
a platform for joined-up working towards a
hydrogen strategy across the North Sea region.
The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint
Undertaking (FCH JU) is a unique-public
private partnership to support research,
technological development and demonstration
activities in fuel cell and hydrogen energy
technologies in Europe. It aims to accelerate
the market introduction of these technologies,
realising their potential as an instrument
in achieving a carbon-lean energy system.
The three members of the FCH JU are the
European Commission, the fuel cell and
hydrogen industries represented by the New
Energy World Industry Grouping (NEW-IG),
and the research community represented by the
N.ERGHY Research Grouping.

Hydrogen energy in the

Aberdeen region
The project is part of the H2 Aberdeen
initiative, which provides the opportunity to
create a new industry and greater choice in
energy production and usage, as well as enabling
the development of a hydrogen strategy for
the Energetica Development Corridor and
the city as a whole. The proposed Energetica

global technology corridor from Aberdeen to

Peterhead aims to position the Aberdeen City
Region as a global energy hub, which will attract
dynamic organisations that stimulate synergies,
innovation, research and development.
Building on Aberdeens worldwide reputation
in the energy industry, the Aberdeen Hydrogen
Bus Project will enable the development and
deployment of hydrogen infrastructure. This
work will open the way for new and innovative
hydrogen technology projects and accelerate the
commercial use of hydrogen as a fuel, offering
green transport solutions.
As part of creating a sustainable gas
network for the future, SGN is interested in
decarbonising the gas network, explains SGN
network director Paul Denniff. Hydrogen
is part of our strategy, which is why we are
supporting it, and can utilise any learning from,
this innovative project.

Previous news items

1. Aberdeen gets green light for Scottish hydrogen
hub, Fuel Cells Bulletin (September 2012) 10.
2. Next stages under way for fuel cell buses
in Aberdeen, Flanders, Fuel Cells Bulletin
(March 2013) 23.
3. Hydrogenics wins two contracts for hydrogen fueling stations in UK, Fuel Cells Bulletin
(February 2014) 9.
4. First hydrogen buses delivered to Aberdeen
fleet project, Fuel Cells Bulletin (April 2014) 2.
5. Aberdeen plans extra hydrogen station, plus
fuel cell vans and cars, Fuel Cells Bulletin
(September 2014) 89.
6. Hydrogenics hydrogen fueling stations for
California, Scotland, Fuel Cells Bulletin
(January 2015) 7.

More information
H2 Aberdeen: http://tinyurl.com/h2-aberdeen
High V.LO-City project: www.highvlocity.eu
HyTransit project:
http://tinyurl.com/hytransit-scot-buses (FCH JU)
Hydrogen Transport Economy for the North
Sea Region project: www.hytrec.eu
European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking:
www.fch-ju.eu
BOC, Hydrogen Refueling:
http://tinyurl.com/boc-h2-refueling
The Linde Group, Hydrogen Energy:
http://tinyurl.com/linde-hydrogen-energy
Van Hool, Hydrogen Buses:
http://tinyurl.com/vanhool-h2
Ballard Power Systems: www.ballard.com
Element Energy: www.element-energy.co.uk
Hydrogenics: www.hydrogenics.com
Innovate UK: www.innovateuk.org

Fuel Cells Bulletin

13

NEWS FEATURE

Tubular direct carbon SOFC

with ceramic separation
membrane to remove CO2
A Chinese/Australian research team has created an anode-supported tubular solid
oxide fuel cell that functions as a carbon fuel container as well as an electrochemical
device for power generation. The tubular SOFC uses an integrated ceramic
membrane to separate CO2 and CO, facilitating the development of a high power
density SOFC that directly uses carbon as a fuel source.

The CO2 problem

One of the major drawbacks of carbon-fueled
fuel cells is the intrinsic presence of CO2, which
impedes CO oxidation and therefore lowers the
energy density of the cell. Researchers at Nanjing
Tech University in China and Curtin University
in Perth, Australia recently reported in the journal
Angewandte Chemie[1] on a novel dual-phase, ionconducting ceramic membrane that is absolutely
gastight but highly permeable for CO2. Integrated
in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with solid carbon
as an energy carrier, it enables efficient removal of
CO2, resulting in enhanced power density of the
electrochemical cell.

CO, which can diffuse quickly to the electrodes

and thus enhance the reaction rates. However,
to obtain high energy densities, CO2 has to be
separated from CO. Ceramic membranes can
provide CO2 permeability through high carbonate
conductivity, but it is the oxygen ion-conducting
phase, not the carbonate conductivity, which is
critical for efficient CO2 permeation.
Therefore, the researchers selected a
samarium-containing cerium oxide material
(Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9, SDC), which is characterised

High performance at
high temperatures

Integrated ceramic
separation membrane
Although batteries are ubiquitously used in
portable electronic devices, they are still far from
being highly efficient power supplies. Recurrent
issues are poor energy densities and safety, both
of which particularly concern the widely used
lithium-ion batteries. A team led by Professor
Zongping Shao based in the College of
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering at Nanjing
Tech University, and with the Department of
Chemical Engineering at Curtin University
chose a different approach, by developing
electrochemical power supplies on the basis of
solid oxide fuel cells using solid carbon as a fuel.
Their novel carbonair battery has its fuel
container catalytically activated carbon
integrated with the anode support [Figure 1]. Its
most prominent feature, however, is the addition
of a ceramic membrane that has been specially
designed to allow efficient CO2 separation and
thus increase the fuel utilisation efficiency.

CO2 separation is key

In the device, CO2 is formed at the electrode and

then reacts with the carbon fuel to form gaseous
14

Fuel Cells Bulletin

by its high ionic conductivity. Sintering formed

a porous SDC scaffold with fused particles to
provide efficient oxygen ion (O2) conducting
paths. The void spaces were then completely
filled with molten carbonate (CO32), to form a
densified SDCcarbonate dual-phase membrane
[Figure 2]. This novel membrane not only
proved to be perfectly gastight, but also provided
a temperature-dependent excellent CO2
permeation flux that is much higher than the
values reported for similar membranes.

Figure 1. (a) Diagram and (b) photograph of

the carbonair battery, and SEM images of
(c) surface morphology of the YSZ electrolyte, and (d) the cross-sectional view of the
tubular SOFC with the lanthanum strontium
manganite-yttria-stabilised zirconia (LSM-YSZ)
cathode. [Image courtesy of Wiley-VCH]

Such an improvement is likely due to the

much improved densification of the membrane
fabricated by using the technique reported
here, the researchers explain. Moreover, at the
operating temperatures for SOFC applications,
which are as high as 850C, attractive power
densities and open-circuit voltages can be
obtained. Applications may include portable
energy supplies that have to be run at high
temperatures.

Reference
1. Binbin Yang, Ran Ran, Yijun Zhong, Chao
Su, Moses O. Tad, and Zongping Shao: A
carbonair battery for high power generation,
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54
(23 January 2015) 37223725,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411039
For more information, contact: Professor Zongping
Shao, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry &
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University,
Nanjing, China. Tel: +86 25 8317 2256,
Email: shaozp@njtech.edu.cn

Figure 2. Schematic diagram showing the

working principle of the mixed CO32 and
O2 conducting membrane for CO2 separation.

Nanjing Tech University: http://en.njtech.edu.cn

Curtin University, Department of Chemical Engineering:
http://chem.eng.curtin.edu.au

March 2015

RESEARCH TRENDS

Research Trends
Electrochemical gaselectricity
cogeneration through direct carbon
SOFCs
Y. Xie et al.: J. Power Sources 277
(1 March 2015) 18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.016

Carbon-supported Ag@Pt core

shell nanoparticles with enhanced
electrochemical activity in DMFC

Degradation of HT-PEMFCs
containing tungsten oxide catalyst
anode support material
C. Heinzl et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F280290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0541503jes

Carbon corrosion mitigation

strategy in HT-PEMFC:
rapid aging study
T. Engl et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F291297. [Open Access]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0681503jes

J. Cao et al.: J. Power Sources 277

(1 March 2015) 155160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.017

Dynamic HT-PEMFC operation:

in operando imaging of H3PO4
profiles and (re)distribution

In situ quantification of SOFC

electrode microstructure by EIS

S.H. Eberhardt et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc.

162(3) (March 2015) F310316.
[Open Access]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0751503jes

Y. Zhang et al.: J. Power Sources 277

(1 March 2015) 277285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.123

Long-term testing of startstop

cycles on HT-PEMFC stack
A. Kannan et al.: J. Power Sources 277
(1 March 2015) 312316.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.115

Carbon deposition thresholds on

Ni-based SOFC anodes [in 2 parts]
J. Kuhn et al.: J. Power Sources 277
(1 March 2015) 443454, 455463.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.085
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.084

Effect of interaction between A-site

deficient LST and ScSZ on SOFC
performance
G. Chen et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F223228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0131503jes

Promoting effect of Sn in Pt
electrocatalysts for DMFCs
N.S. Veizaga et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F243249.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0181503jes

60 s microwave-assisted synthesis
of Ni foam, for impregnation of
porous scaffolds for SOFC/SOEC
E. Ruiz-Trejo et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F273279. [Open Access]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0531503jes

Catalytic enhancement of carbon

black and coal-fueled hybrid direct
carbon fuel cells
L. Deleebeeck et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 162(3)
(March 2015) F327339.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0761503jes

Ionic conduction in Mg2+ and

Sr2+ co-doped ceria/carbonate
nanocomposite electrolytes for
IT-SOFCs
N. Jaiswal et al.: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40(8)
(2 March 2015) 33133320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.002

High-performance SOFCs with

Co1.5Mn1.5O4 infiltrated
(La,Sr)MnO3-YSZ cathodes

X. Zhang et al.: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40(8)

(2 March 2015) 33323337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.040

Effects of La2O3, Nd2O3, NiO and

CoO additions on characteristics of
SiO2Al2O3Y2O3ZnO glass seals
for IT-SOFCs
S.-F. Wang et al.: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40(8)
(2 March 2015) 33383347.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.045

Effect of nitrides on corrosion

behaviour of 316L stainless steel
bipolar plates for PEMFCs

S. Pugal Mani et al.: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy

40(8) (2 March 2015) 33593369.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.108

Functional nanostructure
engineering of SOFC cathode by
solution infiltration
S. Lee: ECS Electrochemistry Letters 4(3)
(March 2015) F1720.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0051503eel

Preparation of graphene-based
PVA/chitosan nanocomposite
membrane for alkaline DMFC
J.-M. Yang et al.: J. Membrane Science 477
(1 March 2015) 4957.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.028

Pt nanoparticles supported on
nitrobenzene-functionalised MWNT
as efficient methanol oxidation
catalysts in DMFCs
L. Tao et al.: Electrochimica Acta 157
(1 March 2015) 4653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.054

Effect of N and S co-doping of

MWNTs for oxygen reduction in
PEMFCs
C. Domnguez et al.: Electrochimica Acta 157
(1 March 2015) 158165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.031

Co/CeO2-decorated carbon
nanofibres as non-precious
electrocatalyst for DMFC
application in alkaline medium
Z.K. Ghouri et al.: Ceramics International 41(2)
Pt. A (March 2015) 22712278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.031

Temperature-controlled growth of
single-crystal Pt nanowire arrays
for catalyst electrodes in PEMFCs
Y. Lu et al.: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
164 (March 2015) 389395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.09.040

Hollow raspberry-like PdAg

alloy nanospheres with high
electrocatalytic activity for ethanol
oxidation in alkaline media
C. Peng et al.: J. Power Sources 278 (15 March
2015) 6975.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.056
15

March 2015

Fuel Cells Bulletin

PATENTS

Patents
PEMFC separator comprising
lamellar graphite foil with etched
flow-field channel and impregnated
hydrophobic layer
Assignee: FuelCellPower Inc, Korea
[Doosan Fuel Cell]
Inventors: H.-S. Kim et al.
Patent number: US 8865372
Published: 21 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 3 Aug. 2004)

SOFC cathode coating with spinel

oxide comprising two metal oxides,
to minimise Cr poisoning and resist
deterioration due to Cr depletion
Assignee: Osaka Gas, Japan
Inventors: S. Inoue et al.
Patent number: US 8865373
Published: 21 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 23 Apr. 2009)

Method of coating substrate (e.g.

bipolar plate) with organometallic
nanoparticles with metal oxide, to
mitigate water accumulation

SOFC portable generator with

hydrogen produced by contacting
water vapour with alkali metal or
hydride materials

Inventor: Y. Yamamoto
Patent number: US 8871405
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 3 Feb. 2010)

Assignee: Honeywell International, USA

Inventors: S.J. Eickhoff et al.
Patent number: US 8871398
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 19 Nov. 2013)

Highly proton-conductive
crosslinked vinylsulfonic acid
composite electrolyte membranes,
and preparation method for DMFCs

Method and device to extend

PEMFC lifetime, by supplying CO or
CO2 to trap oxygen at anode

Assignee: Korea Institute

of Energy Research, Korea
Inventors: Y.W. Choi et al.
Patent number: US 8871406
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 23 Dec. 2008)

Assignee: CEA, France

Inventors: A. Franco et al.
Patent number: US 8871399
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 18 Dec. 2008)

Operation of residential PEMFC

system for improved long-term
sterilisation of product water with
reduced water purifier maintenance
Assignee: Panasonic, Japan
Inventors: J. Oe et al.
Patent number: US 8871400
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 3 Mar. 2011)

Core (Ru)-shell (Pt) type catalyst

for reduced Pt content with high
activity and stability, production
method and use in DMFC electrode
Assignee: Sony, Japan
Inventors: S. Goto et al.
Patent number: US 8871672
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 29 Oct. 2009)

Low-cost fabrication of Ni/YSZ

porous SOFC anodes with uniform
pore size and reduction products

Assignee: General Motors, USA

Inventors: M.H. Abd Elhamid et al.
Patent number: US 8871294
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 16 Dec. 2008)

Control of cooling water circulation

in automotive PEMFC system
according to temperature rise
from frozen startup, to suppress
electrolyte membrane deterioration

Assignee: Korea Institute

of Science & Technology, Korea
Inventors: C.-S. Kim et al.
Patent number: US 8877118
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 2 Dec. 2011)

Regenerative fuel cell with PEM for

partial oxidation of alcohol fuel,
and lower-cost hydrogen storage

Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan

Inventors: Y. Naganuma et al.
Patent number: US 8871401
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 27 Apr. 2010)

PEMFC stack inlet water regulation

system, to regulate water entrained
in reactant supply stream

Assignee: HRL Laboratories, USA

Inventors: P. Liu et al.
Patent number: US 8871393
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 13 Mar. 2009)

CO2 separator for DMFC laptop

power source, whereby water
condensing within membrane is
transported outside, cuts clogging
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventors: M. Bronold et al.
Patent number: US 8871396
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 9 Jan. 2008)

Zero-emission fuel system handles

CO2 evolution, for use with SOFC in
unmanned underwater vehicle
Assignee: Secretary of the Navy, USA
[Naval Undersea Warfare Center]
Inventors: A.A. Burke et al.
Patent number: US 8871397
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 1 Apr. 2011)
16

Fuel Cells Bulletin

DMFC stack structure for uniform

fluid flow through parallel channels,
and improved integration in mobile
electronic devices
Assignee: Sony, Japan
Inventors: K. Makita et al.
Patent number: US 8871403
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 30 July 2008)

MCFC system manifold seal for gap

between manifold and endplate
Assignee: FuelCell Energy, USA
Inventors: G. DiCostanzo et al.
Patent number: US 8871404
Published: 28 Oct. 2014 (Filed: 1 July 2013)

Compact PEMFC stack with

adjustable fastening load, improves
power generation and durability
Assignee: Panasonic, Japan

Assignee: General Motors, USA

Inventors: J.P. Owejan et al.
Patent number: US 8877392
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 1 Sep. 2009)

PEMFC with higher water vapour

transfer resistance in midstream
power generation region, to
prevent drying-induced power
degradation
Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
Inventors: H. Takeuchi et al.
Patent number: US 8877393
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 21 May 2010)

Direct oxidation fuel cell (DMFC)

with moisture exchange layer to
simply humidify oxidant supply
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventors: S.-J. An et al.
Patent number: US 8877394
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 24 Nov. 2010)

March 2015

PATENTS
Improved efficiency and stability
of PEMFC system by pulsed supply
of stack offgas to heating unit that
heats reformer
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventor: W.-C. Shin
Patent number: US 8877395
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 27 May 2010)

Method to thaw frozen coolant

in automotive PEMFC system,
preventing excessive power draw
to limit stack waste heat and
activate heater to heat coolant
Assignee: General Motors, USA
Inventors: J.D. Rainville et al.
Patent number: US 8877397
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 30 Sep. 2010)

Automotive PEMFC stack with

guides in coolant inlet and outlet
manifold for improved temperature
uniformity and subzero startup
Assignee: Hyundai Motor Company, Korea
Inventor: S.H. Lee
Patent number: US 8877398
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 22 Nov. 2010)

SOFC hot box components,

including cathode recuperator,
heat-exchangers, steam generator
Assignee: Bloom Energy Corporation, USA
Inventors: D. Weingaertner et al.
Patent number: US 8877399
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 5 Jan. 2012)

Integrated SOFC design with

heat-exchanger wrapped around
cell core, to optimise thermal
exchange to maintain core
chemical reactions
Assignees: CEA, France
and Snecma SA, France
Inventor: J.-F. Fourmigu
Patent number: US 8877400
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 24 Aug. 2007)

Optimising supply of fuel with

carbonyl-containing compound to
anode in PEMFC stack, to minimise
CO poisoning
Assignee: CEA, France
Inventors: S. Passot et al.
Patent number: US 8877401
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 22 May 2013)

March 2015

Method for automotive PEMFC

air system leakage diagnostic, to
identify cathode subsystem leaks
Assignee: General Motors, USA
Inventor: M. Becker
Patent number: US 8877402
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 13 Sep. 2012)

Drainage system with gas-liquid

separator for automotive PEMFC
system, for faster subzero startup
Assignee: Nissan Motor Co, Japan
Inventors: S. Takemoto et al.
Patent number: US 8877403
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 1 Oct. 2008)

Inventor: D.G. Bae

Patent number: US 8882859
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 10 Aug. 2007)

Micro PEMFC integrated with

two-layer methanol reformer, for
portable electronic devices
Assignee: Sony, Japan
Inventor: K. Katori
Patent number: US 8882864
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 26 Feb. 2010)

Flexible, multi-cartridge,
reconfigurable/selectable ambient
air contaminant control system and
method to supply PEMFC cathodes

PEMFC manufacture to suppress,

release stresses from expansion
and contraction of electrolyte
membrane, enhances durability

Assignee/Inventor: Jonathan Cross, USA

Patent number: US 8882874
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 13 Oct. 2005)

Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan

Inventor: T. Oda
Patent number: US 8877404
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 5 July 2011)

Operation of reformer/fuel cell

system with water transfer pump
to discharge water and prevent it
freezing inside reformer

DMFC MEA maintains optimum

humidification with reduced pump
noise, parasitic power consumption
Assignee: Toshiba, Japan
Inventors: Y. Sato et al.
Patent number: US 8877405
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 10 Sep. 2008)

PEMFC featuring electrolyte

membrane with integral convex
part that expands due to
absorption of product water,
improves sealing
Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
Inventors: H. Yoshikawa et al.
Patent number: US 8877406
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 15 June 2010)

More efficient DMFC electrode

structure, with reduced amount
of catalyst but increased output
power density and efficiency
Assignee: Panasonic, Japan
Inventor: T. Akiyama
Patent number: US 8877407
Published: 4 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 23 May 2012)

Manufacture of PEMFC metal

separator with improved sealing,
use in portable electronic devices
Assignee: Hyundai Motor Company, Korea

Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea

Inventors: W.-H. Cho et al.
Patent number: US 8883359
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 3 Nov. 2010)

Automotive SOFC system with

components arranged according to
operating temperature range, and
minimised heat and fluids diffusion
Assignee: Honda Motor Co, Japan
Inventors: B. Saito et al.
Patent number: US 8883362
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 30 July 2009)

Fuel gas supply device with

electromagnetic injector for
automotive PEMFC system, no need
for pressure reduction valve
Assignee: Nissan Motor Co, Japan
Inventors: M. Odashima et al.
Patent number: US 8883363
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 22 June 2010)

Manifold insert with distribution

guides for reduced output voltage
deviation and flow instability, and
use in automotive PEMFC stack
Assignees: Hyundai Motor Company, Korea
and Kia Motors, Korea
Inventors: H.J. Ko et al.
Patent number: US 8883364
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 9 May 2011)

Fuel Cells Bulletin

17

PATENTS
Automotive PEMFC stack discrete
header manifolds with durable
alignment mechanism, providing
integration flexibility
Assignee: General Motors, USA
Inventors: T.D. Bogumil et al.
Patent number: US 8883365
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 22 Feb. 2010)

SOFC with metal thin plate

supporting ceramic thin plate, for
consistent performance even when
device temperature changes
Assignee: NGK Insulators Ltd, Japan
Inventors: M. Ohmori et al.
Patent number: US 8883366
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 21 Sep. 2007)

Well dispersed Pt-based DMFC

nanocatalyst, and use in MEA
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventors: M.-K. Min et al.
Patent number: US 8883367
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 26 July 2010)

SOFC with rigidised foil support

including Ni-based alloy for long
life and resistance to oxidation
Assignee: Ballard Power Systems, Canada
Inventors: M.R. Jaworowski et al.
Patent number: US 8883368
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 21 Nov. 2008)

SOFC interconnects with high

connection strength and highly
reliable electrical connection
Assignee: NGK Insulators Ltd, Japan
Inventors: M. Ohmori et al.
Patent number: US 8883369
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 9 Dec. 2011)

HT-PEMFC system operated with

LPG, mixed with water vapour and
directly fed to anode chamber
without complex reforming
Assignee:
Truma Gertetechnik GmbH, Germany
Inventors: A. Schiegl et al.
Patent number: US 8883370
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 25 May 2007)

Mesoporous electrically conductive

metal oxide (TiO2) catalyst support
for PEMFC electrodes, optionally
doped with transition metal
18

Fuel Cells Bulletin

Assignee: General Motors, USA

Inventors: T.B. Do et al.
Patent number: US 8883674
Published: 11 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 27 Mar. 2009)

Cassette-less SOFC stack with

electrically isolated stack current
path for welded interconnection
between stack frame parts
Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute, USA
[Pacific Northwest National Lab]
Inventor: K.D. Meinhardt
Patent number: US 8889303
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 17 Dec. 2009)

Modular regenerative PEM fuel

cell/electrolyser with substacks
configured for series fluid flow
Assignee: Boeing, USA
Inventors: M. Mata et al.
Patent number: US 8889306
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 16 Feb. 2010)

Micro PEMFC assembly with

feedback sensor to provide voltage
signal indicating operating status,
use as cellphone charger
Assignee: myFC, Sweden
Inventors: A. Lundblad et al.
Patent number: US 8889307
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 20 Aug. 2008)

PEM or DMFC with reduced oxide

film formation on cathode catalyst
surface in OCV state, driving mode
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventors: C.-S. Lee et al.
Patent number: US 8889308
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 21 Dec. 2010)

Improved technique for precisely

measuring AC impedance to detect
PEMFC operating condition
Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
Inventors: K. Manabe et al.
Patent number: US 8889309
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 4 July 2006)

PEM or DMFC driving method

to prevent deterioration and
improve life by varying stack
activation time
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventors: H. Kim et al.
Patent number: US 8889310
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 3 Jan. 2011)

PEMFC cathode pressure control

utilising backpressure valve and
capacitance model
Assignee: General Motors, USA
Inventors: Y. Zhang et al.
Patent number: US 8889311
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 25 Oct. 2012)

Electrolyte plate with linear parallel

ribs for increased rigidity without
increasing thickness, and use in
SOFC or SOEC
Assignee: CEA, France
Inventors: S. Di Iorio et al.
Patent number: US 8889313
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 28 Oct. 2009)

PEMFC bipolar plate comprising

separator between pair of unipolar
plates, one of which is porous
to minimise cathode transport
resistance at high current density
Assignee: General Motors, USA
Inventors: E.J. Connor et al.
Patent number: US 8889314
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 13 Jan. 2009)

Niobium oxycarbonitride based

catalyst which is not corroded in
acidic electrolyte or at high voltage,
for PEMFC cathode
Assignee: Showa Denko KK, Japan
Inventors: R. Monden et al.
Patent number: US 8889315
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 8 Aug. 2008)

Organic/inorganic composite
blend membrane compositions
of polyelectrolyte blends with
Zr-based nanoparticle fillers, for
HT-PEMFCs (100200C)
Assignee: Arkema Inc, USA
Inventors: J.C. Meredith et al.
Patent number: US 8889316
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 14 June 2010)

Novel structural relationship

between active regions of (PEM)
fuel cell array and transport barrier
regions integrated in a cover that
improves performance
Assignee: Socit Bic, France
[Intelligent Energy, see page 6]
Inventors: G.F. McLean et al.
Patent number: US 8889317
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 10 Nov. 2011)

March 2015

PATENTS
Uniform gas flow velocity in active
area of PEMFC stack, with bipolar
plate inlet feed channels smaller
and/or fewer than on non-inlet side
Assignee: Ford, USA
Inventors: T.A. Wagner et al.
Patent number: US 8889318
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 11 May 2010)

pressure of PEMFC substrates

Assignee: Ballard Power Systems, Canada
Inventor: R.D. Breault
Patent number: US 8894905
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 19 Nov. 2012)

Methods and apparatus for casting

flexible ceramic electrolyte sheets
for SOFC electrocatalysts

Method and apparatus for PEMFC

catalyst layer production with
water removal, polyelectrolyte
solution and its production process

Assignee: Corning, USA

Inventors: L. Kester et al.
Patent number: US 8894920
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 29 Oct. 2009)

Assignee: Equos Research, Japan

Inventor: H. Kato
Patent number: US 8889584
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 7 Jan. 2011)

Activation of automotive PEMFC

system, to protect it in operation
and subzero startup, highly durable

Sulfonated triazine polymer for

electrolyte membrane in PEMFC,
has high chemical and dimensional
stability and high ion conductivity
Assignees: Michelin, France and Michelin
Recherche et Technique SA, Switzerland
Inventors: M. Fedurco et al.
Patent number: US 8889817
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 6 July 2011)

SOFC device and method for

feeding parallel electrical current
to network, using phase reference
signal to resolve malfunctions
Assignee: Convion Oy, Finland [Wrtsil]
Inventor: K. strm
Patent number: US 8890365
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 7 June 2011)

Hybrid molten salt electrolyte

supercapacitor/SOFC/battery
system for vehicular propulsion
Assignee: Oerlikon Advanced
Technologies AG, Liechtenstein
Inventors: W.O. Martienssen et al.
Patent number: US 8890476
Published: 18 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 3 Aug. 2010)

Heat treatment configuration for

porous carbon-carbon composites,
to minimise variation in average

March 2015

Assignee: Honda Motor Co, Japan

Inventors: H. Yoshida et al.
Patent number: US 8895166
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 31 Jan. 2007)

CO-tolerant fuel cell stack based on

multiple junction ionic conductive
(anion and cation exchange)
membranes, limited self-discharge
Assignee: Georgia Tech, USA
Inventors: M. Unlu et al.
Patent number: US 8895196
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 24 Sep. 2010)

Filtration systems and methods for

securing immunity to air CO2 in
alkaline fuel cells
Assignee: CellEra Inc, USA
Inventor: S. Gottesfeld
Patent number: US 8895198
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 24 Aug. 2010)

PEMFC system using hydrogen

from electrolysis of Cl-containing
sea water used as cooling water in
nuclear power generation plant
Assignee: XFC Inc, Korea
Inventors: J.-H. Lee et al.
Patent number: US 8895199
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 5 Oct. 2011)

Indirect derivation of anode

morphology variation and anode

voltage increase when automotive

PEMFC system is stopped
Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
Inventors: M. Kato et al.
Patent number: US 8895200
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 2 Aug. 2010)

High-temperature fuel cell (SOFC)

system with startup burner to heat
it before operation commences
Assignee: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft,
Germany [Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden]
Inventors: S. Reuber et al.
Patent number: US 8895201
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 9 July 2010)

PEMFC MEA with reactant gas

prevented from entering PEM
end, to suppress membrane
degradation
Assignee: Honda Motor Co, Japan
Inventors: Y. Tanaka et al.
Patent number: US 8895202
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 3 Jan. 2013)

Powder containing elongated grains

(e.g. LSM perovskite), production of
highly porous SOFC electrodes
Assignee: Saint-Gobain, France
Inventors: S. Marlin et al.
Patent number: US 8895203
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 12 Sep. 2008)

Devices and methods to combine

reactant fuels, aqueous solutions
to generate hydrogen for PEMFC
in portable electronic device
Assignee: Intelligent Energy, UK
Inventors: A.P. Wallace et al.
Patent number: US 8895204
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 7 Feb. 2013)

SOFC with multilayer coated wire

current collector for improved
current collection efficiency
Assignee: Samsung SDI Co, Korea
Inventor: Y.-K. Kim
Patent number: US 8895205
Published: 25 Nov. 2014 (Filed: 8 Dec. 2010)

Fuel Cells Bulletin

19

CALENDAR

EVENTS CALENDAR
1317 April 2015
21st Group Exhibit Hydrogen + Fuel Cells
+ Batteries, within Hannover Messe 2015
Hannover, Germany
More information: www.h2fc-fair.com

1922 April 2015

4th Zing Electrochemistry Conference
Carvoeiro, Algarve, Portugal
More information: www.zingconferences.com/
conferences/4th-zing-electrochemistry-conference

2123 April 2015

SAE 2015 World Congress

Electrochemical Interfaces, and a State

of the Art Tutorial on Diagnostics in Low
Temperature Fuel Cells

Glasgow, Scotland, UK
More information:
www.electrochem.org/meetings/satellite/glasgow

Chicago, Illinois, USA

More information:
www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/227

69 September 2015

30 May3 June 2015

H2YPOTHESIS XI Conference, Hydrogen

Power Theoretical and Engineering
Solutions International Symposium 2015

25th Annual Meeting of the North

American Membrane Society, NAMS 2015

Toledo, Spain
More information: www.hypothesis.ws

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

More information: www.membranes.org/2015

610 September 2015

31 May3 June 2015

2223 April 2015

17th Topical Meeting of the

International Society of
Electrochemistry: Multiscale Analysis of
Electrochemical Systems

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint

Undertaking (FCH JU) First Smart
Specialisation Workshop on Fuel Cells
and Hydrogen

812 June 2015

Detroit, Michigan, USA

More information: www.sae.org/congress

Saint-Malo, France
More information: http://topical17.ise-online.org

Euromembrane 2015 Conference

RWTH, Aachen, Germany
More information:
www.euromembrane2015.com

910 September 2015

8th Annual Low Carbon Vehicle Event
(LCV2015), organised by UK Cenex
Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon and
Fuel Cell Technologies

Lyon, France
More information:
http://tinyurl.com/smart-spec-fch2

2015 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Program, Annual Merit Review and Peer
Evaluation Meeting

Millbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
More information: www.cenex-lcv.co.uk

Arlington, Virginia, USA

More information:
www.annualmeritreview.energy.gov

30 September2 October 2015

2728 April 2015

HFC 2015, Hydrogen + Fuel Cells:
Vancouver Hydrogen + Fuel Cells
Summit
Vancouver, BC, Canada
More information: www.hfc2015.com

2730 April 2015

8th Energy Storage World Forum
Rome, Italy
More information:
www.energystorageforum.com

36 May 2015
6th International Conference on
Hydrogen Production, ICH2P-2015

Oshawa, Ontario, Canada

More information: www.ich2p.org/ich2p14

36 May 2015
EVS 28, 28th International Electric
Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition,
including Fuel Cells & Fuel Cell Systems
Goyang, Korea
More information: www.evs28.org

67 May 2015

PlugBoat 2015, 2nd World Electric &

Hybrid Boat Summit (including fuel cells)

Ohio Fuel Cell Symposium 2015

Amsterdam & Friesland, The Netherlands

More information: www.plugboat.com
Call for papers deadline: 15 May 2015

Elyria, Ohio, USA

More information: www.fuelcellcorridor.com

49 October 2015

1011 June 2015

1419 June 2015

11th International Symposium on
Ceramic Materials & Components for
Energy & Environmental Applications
(11CMCEE), including Symposium
on High-temperature Fuel Cells &
Electrolysis
Vancouver, BC, Canada
More information: www.ceramics.org/11cmcee

66th Annual Meeting of the

International Society of
Electrochemistry: Green Electrochemistry
for Tomorrows Society
Taipei, Taiwan
More information: http://annual66.ise-online.org

1114 October 2015

6th World Hydrogen Technologies
Convention, WHTC 2015

1419 June 2015

Sydney, NSW, Australia

More information: www.whtc2015.com

20th International Conference on Solid

State Ionics, SSI-20

1214 October 2015

Keystone, Colorado, USA

More information: www.mrs.org/ssi-20

2224 June 2015

Workshop on Ion Exchange Membranes
for Energy Applications, EMEA 2015

World of Energy Solutions 2015,

including 15th f-cell Forum for Producers
& Users (alongside Battery+Storage and
e-mobil BW Technologietag)
Stuttgart, Germany
More information:
www.world-of-energy-solutions.de

Glasgow, Scotland, UK
More information: www.all-energy.co.uk

Bad Zwischenahn, Germany

More information:
www.next-energy.de/EMEA2015.html

2021 May 2015

2226 June 2015

International Conference on Hydrogen

Safety, ICHS 2015

European Technical School on Hydrogen

and Fuel Cells 2015

Yokohama, Japan
More information: www.ichs2015.com

Heraklion, Crete, Greece

More information: www./h2fc.eu/technicalschool

1011 November 2015

30 June3 July 2015

3rd Dresden Conference on Energy in

Future: Materials for Energy

All-Energy 2015 Exhibition & Conference

5th Israeli Power Sources Conference:

Batteries, Fuel Cells, Storage for the
Grid and EVs
Herzliya, Israel
More information:
www.sdle.co.il/default.asp?stype=0&pageid=70657

2428 May 2015

227th Meeting of The Electrochemical
Society, including Symposia on
Crosscutting Metrics and Benchmarking
of Transformational Low-Carbon
Energy-Conversion Technologies,
Electrochemical Synthesis of Fuels,
Materials for Low Temperature
Electrochemical Systems, Solid-Gas

20

Fuel Cells Bulletin

5th European PEFC & H2 Forum, with

Exhibition & Demonstration
Lucerne, Switzerland
More information: www.efcf.com

2631 July 2015

14th International Symposium on Solid
Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-XIV), within ECS
Conference on Electrochemical Energy
Conversion & Storage

1921 October 2015

Dresden, Germany
More information:
www.zukunftenergie-dresden.de/en.html

1618 December 2015

Piero Lunghi European Fuel Cell
Conference & Exhibition, EFC15
Naples, Italy
More information: www.europeanfuelcell.it
Abstract deadline: 27 March 2015

March 2015