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Experiment 6
MEASURING SCREW THREAD PARAMETER WITH OPTICAL
PROFILE PROJECTOR
Group 9:
Le Xuan Dat (Leader)
Hoang Nam
Tran Anh Tu (Writer)
Pham Thanh Tung
Overview
This experiment is designed to measure screw thread parameter, based on the
theory of optical profile measurement and using an inspection instrument. The
device has exterior system of measurement path, transverse displacement
measurement system, axial displacement measurement system, and a module to
deal with, control and assess the data in the upper system. After measuring, we
establish the relation between measured spot and image, including the image
length of receiving lens, focal length, optical system, and analyze some main
factor affected measuring precision. The experimental results show that the
measurement uncertainty of screw thread average diameter is up to 1 m.
I. Objective
- Learn more about the theory of screw, thread
- Understand the working of optical profile projector
- Know how to measure thread component using projector
1. Introduction
Thread pieces are widely used in mechanical systems as connecting parts to
other components, and with the development of modern technology, the
reliability and high accuracy parameter of thread become essential.
People have invented many ways to measure thread, like using thread
micrometer, three wire method, thread triangle method All of these are good,
but they are often used in normal thread, with less requirement of accuracy. For
complex thread parts with high accurate requirement, the traditional methods
are not suitable. Therefore the method of non-contact thread parameter
inspection based on optical measurement principle is presented, which can
reduce errors in measurement, increase detection accuracy and achieve thread
parameters automatic measurements.
3. Thread parameters
a. Pitch:
- Thread pitch is the axial distance from one thread groove to the next.
- The thread pitch can be measured with a steel rule, calliper or comparator, and
determined by dividing the count into the length.
For example, there are 5 pitches in 1 in., so the thread pitch is 0.200 in.
b. Diameter:
- Major diameter: Major diameter is the diameter of an imaginary co-axial
cylinder which touches the crests of an external thread or the roots of an internal
thread (e.g. the external diameter of a bolt or nut). It can be measured with a
micrometer, caliper or steel rule. Major diameters are generally the first
numbers found in thread designations.
- Minor diameter: Minor diameter is the lower extreme diameter of the thread.
(e.g. the internal diameter of a nut). The minor diameter can be determined by
direct measurement on an optical comparator, or by measuring the depth of the
thread with a depth micrometer and subtracting twice the measured depth of
thread from the major diameter.
- Pitch diameter: The pitch diameter is the diameter at which the thread tooth
and the thread space are equal. To accurately measure the pitch diameter
requires an optical comparator or thread wires. While thread wires is
complicated to use with lots of steps and mathematics, the optical comparator is
a better choice.
c. Angle:
- Thread angle is the angle between two threads.
- In ANSI Standard, most of V-thread angle is 60 o, whithworth thread angle is
55o, acme and worm thread is 29o, and other angle can be used for different
kinds of threads.
- Thread angles are commonly easily known from the name of thread.
2. Process
Step by step measurement:
1. Switch on the optical profile projector.
2. Place the clean workpice on the glass of the table.
3. Set zero for digital indicator of machine.
4. Focus it properly by moving focusing wheel and moving the work table to
obtain correct magnified image of the object. Horizontal (y axis) measurement
can be taken by right hand side micrometer and the vertical measurement can be
taken from front side micrometer.
5. To measure the average diameter, locate the position of the centre of one
upper and lower right flanks parallel to each other, then calculate the distance
between two points. Do the same for the next left flanks, the average diameter is
the average distance of the two measurements. Measure each position 4 times.
3. Result
a, Measure the average diameter
Times
1
2
3
4
A
- 0,038
- 0,031
- 0,039
- 0,026
B
7,066
7,071
7,076
7,080
C
7,029
7,033
7,043
7,043
D
- 0,018
- 0,026
- 0,028
- 0,026
d2
7,0755
7,0805
7,093
7,0875
YK
1,930
1,939
1,924
1,934
P
1,238
1,242
1,245
1,245
B
x A x
C
x D x
d 2=
d2i
d2= i=1
n
7,0755+7,0805+7,093+7,0875
=7,084
4
YE
1,331
1,320
1,315
1,322
YF
5,039
5,044
5,040
5,052
YI
5,650
5,666
5,669
5,671
E
Y F Y
I
Y K Y
P=
Pi
P= i=1 = 1,238+1,242+1,245+1,245 =1,243
m
4
c, Measure thread angle
= tr ph
2 2
2
= 300o6'
1
30o2'
o '
tr= 1 0=30 2
2
0
0
2
330o8'
o '
ph= 0 2 =3 30 8
2
IV, Conclusion
Experiment result shows that the measuring resolution is 1m. The principle
and implementing method of non-contact internal and external thread parameter
inspection based on optical measurement principal are presented in this article,
which can carry out the automated measurement of thread parameter with high
precision since it avoids friction, edge deformation and other problems caused
by contact measurement. However, errors can occur due to the accuracy of the
machine, and by the skill of the observer.