) The types of bonds present in CuSO4.

5H2O are only:

(IIT JEE 1983)
1) electrovalent and covalent
2) electrovalent and coordinate covalent
3) electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent
4) covalent and coordinate covalent
Logic & Solution:
* Structure of CuSO4.5H2O in the solid state is shown below. The Cu 2+ ions are attracted towards
SO ions not only by ionic interactions (electrovalent) but also by coordinate covalent bonds. The
Cu2+ ions form coordinate covalent bonds with water as well as sulfate ions.
24

There are covalent bonds in water and sulfate ions.

Conclusion:
The correct option is 3.
Note:
There is also hydrogen bonding between water and sulfate ions. Only four water molecules are
forming dative bonds with Cu2+. The fifth molecules is involved in H-bonding.

Related questions
2) Which of the following contains both polar and non-polar bonds?
(IIT JEE 1997)
1) NH4Cl
2) HCN
3) H2O2
4) CH4
Logic & solution:
1) In NH4Cl, the N-H bond is polar due to appreciable electronegativity difference between N (3.0)
and H (2.1).
2) In HCN, the H-C and C-N bonds are polar due to electronegativity difference between C (2.5)
and N (3.0) for H-C bond as well as between C (2.5) and H (2.1) for C-N bond.
3) In H2O2, the O-H bond is polar due to electronegativity difference between O (3.5) and H (2.1).
Whereas, O-O bond is non-polar.
4) In CH4, the C-H bonds are also polar.

Note: Even though, the C-H bonds have a little polarity, you might have seen that they are
considered to be non-polar in the study of organic chemistry. It is a relative thing. They are less polar
when compared to bonds formed by carbon with other atoms like: C-O, C-N, C-X etc. Hence C-H
bonds are treated as non-polar.
But according to the tone of this question, C-H bonds are taken as polar since there is
electronegativity difference.
Conclusion:
Option '3' is correct.
3) The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC 2 are:
(IIT JEE 1996)
1) one and one bonds
2) one and two bonds
3) one and one and half bonds
4) one bond

Logic & solution:

CaC2 can be divided into Ca2+ and C22- ions. The structure of C22- ion is shown below:

There is a triple bond between two carbons. Among three bonds, only one is sigma bond and the
remaining two are pi bonds.
Conclusion:
Option '2' is correct.
4) Which one of the following molecule contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
(EAMCET 2002-E)
1) CH2Cl2
2) K2SO4
3) BeCl2
4) SO2
Logic & solution:
Only in K2SO4, there are ionic as well as covalent bonds. The K + and SO42- ions are attracted by
electrostatic forces. Sulfur atom has covalent bonds in sulfate ion.

Conclusion:
Option '2' is correct.
5) Element 'X' is strongly electropositive and element 'Y' is strongly electronegative. Both
are univalent. The compound formed will be:
(IIT JEE 1980)
1) X+Y2) Y+X3) X-Y
4) XY
Logic & solution:

Strongly electropositive elements tend to lose electrons due to relatively low ionization potentials
to form cations (like X+) and strongly electronegative elements tend to gain electrons to form anions
(like Y-). Hence the bond formed between them is predominantly ionic in nature.
Conclusion:
Option '1' is correct.
6) The bond between two identical non metal atoms has a pair of electrons. The correct
statement about this pair is:
(IIT JEE 1986)
1) Unequally shared between the two.
2) Transferred fully from one atom to another
3) Has identical spins.
4) Equally shared between the atoms.
Logic & solution:
Identical atoms possess same electronegativity values and hence share the electron pair equally
by forming a non polar covalent bond.
Conclusion:
Option '4' is correct.
7) The bonds present in N2O5 are:
(IIT JEE 1986)
1) only ionic
2) covalent and coordinate
3) only covalent
4) covalent and ionic
Logic & solution:
Since nitrogen and oxygen are non metals, the bonds between them are NOT ionic.
The structure of N2O5 is given below. There are both covalent and coordinate covalent bonds.

Conclusion:
Option '2' is correct.

1) The total number of electrons in one molecule of carbon dioxide is:

(IIT JEE 1979)

1) 22
2) 44
3) 66
4) 88
Logic:
Number of electrons in a molecule is equal to the sum of electrons in individual atoms in it.
# electrons in an atom is equal to its atomic number.
Solution:
In CO2, there are one carbon and two oxygen atoms and the number of electrons in them are:
In C ------> 6 electrons
In two O's -------> 2 x 8 electrons
Total in CO2 -------> 6 + (2 x 8) = 22 electrons.
Conclusion:
Correct option is '1'.

Related questions
2) The total number of electrons that take part in forming the bonds in N 2 is:
(IIT JEE 1980)
1) 2
2) 4
3) 6
4) 8

Logic & Solution:

In N2 molecule, there is a triple bond between two nitrogen atoms. Hence the number of electrons
that participate in bond formation is 6. Each nitrogen atom contributes three electrons for bond
formation.
Conclusion:
Correct option is '3'.

3) Pick out the isoelectronic structures from the following:

I) CH3+ II) H3O+ III) NH3 IV) CH3(IIT JEE 1993)

A) III & IV
B) I & II
C) I & III
D) II, III & IV
Logic & Solution:
Species
I) CH3+
II) H3O+
III) NH3
IV) CH3-

(sum of atomic numbers of each atom) - charge on the

species
C + 3H - (+1) = 6 + 3(1) - 1 = 8
3H + O - (+1) = 3(1) + 8 - 1 = 10
N + 3H - (0) = 7 + 3(1) - 0 = 10
C + 3H - (-1) = 6 + 3(1) +1 = 10

H3O+, NH3 and CH3- are not only isoelectronic but are also iso-structural with pyramidal shape.
However CH3+ is trigonal planar with one empty orbital perpendicular to this plane.

Conclusion:
Correct option is 'D'.