Push & Pull are Forces

stretching a
spring

A force is a
push or a pull.

PUSH is an action
of moving an
object away.

opening a
can of soda

PULL is an action
of bringing an
object towards us.

opening a
door

pressing an
iron
cycling

kicking a
ball

hitting a
nail

stepping
on a scale

raising a
flag

pulling a
nail

squeezing
a sponge

poking a
hole in the
donut

dragging a
suitcase

drawing
back an
arrow on a
bow

Push &
Pull

rowing a
boat

scrubbing
the floor

wringing a
wet table
cloth

sawing a
wood

playing a
violin

playing a
yoyo

inflating a
bicycle tyre

Effects of a Force

cannot be
seen but their
effects can be
observed or
felt

A Force Changes Motion of an Object

can change
the shape of
an object
can change
the motion of
an object

a force

A lump of dough is pressed.

The dough is flattened.

An empty aluminium tin is

crushed. The tin is
crumpled.

a force changes
shape of an
object

A spring is stretched. The

spring extended.

A sugar cane is squeezed

through the rollers. The
sugar cane is flattened.

move
a stationary
object

The golfer hits the

stationary golf ball.
The golf ball starts to
move.

stop
a moving
object

The hockey player

uses his hockey stick
to stop the ball. The
hockey ball stops
moving.

change the
direction of a
moving object

The player hits at an

angle to the moving
volleyball. The
direction of the
volleyball changes.

make an object
moves slower
(decelerate an
object)

make an object
moves faster
(accelerate an
object)

An unsporting player
pulls the shirt of his
opponent. This slows
down the movement
of his opponent.

The player pushes the

skateboard with his
foot. This makes the
board move faster.

Friction in Action

Factors Affecting
Friction

friction

a type of force
(frictional force)

opposes the
motion of an
object

occurs when
two surfaces
rub against
each other

SURFACE

WEIGHT

how rough the

surface is

the weight pushing

down on the
surface

the smoother the

surface is, the
lesser is the
frictional force

the more heavier

the object is, the
greater is the
frictional force

it is easier to pull a
box on a smooth
surface than on a
rough surface

it is easier to pull a
light box than a
heavy box on the
same type of
surface

Different type of surfaces, produce different amount of friction.

Effects of Friction
palms warm when
rubbed together

heavy objects cannot be

moved easily

produces
heat

opposes
motion
the rolling marbles will
gradually slows down
and finally stops

heat produced by
friction causes sparks

an electric drill produces

a loud noise when it
touches the wall

tread of tyres worn out

after much use
causes wear
and tear
eraser gets smaller and
smaller after each use

produces
noise and
sounds
friction between the
bow and the string of
the violin poduce
sounds

Ways to Reduce Friction

using rollers

using wheels

using ball bearings

using oil, grease

or wax

Ways to Increase Friction

tread
patterns

patterns on shoe
soles and tyres
increase friction
under wet
condidtions

spikes and
studs

shoes with spikes

and studs give the
wearer a better grip
on the field

resin

resin is applied on
the bow of a violin
to increase friction
between the strings
and the bow

grooved
floor or
stairs

concrete floor that

grooved minimize
slipping

rubber
material

rubber materials
have more friction
than other
materials

keeping
surfaces dry

dry hands grip a

barbell better

exerting a
greater
force

a harder grip on
the rope increases
friction on the rope

using talcum powder

air cushion

using sand paper

aerodynamic shape

Why Friction is Necessary? Or Its Advantages

Prevents us from
slipping or skidding.

Leaves a mark on the

paper.

Makes it possible for

things to be held.

Enables vehicles to
move and stop.

When Friction is Harmful? Or Its Disadvantages

Friction caused by
air resistance
slows down
motion.
Friction between
skin and cement
floor can cause
painful scrape.

Soles of shoes
wear out due to
friction.

Produces enough heat

to ignite the match.

Makes the knife fine

and sharp.

Heat produced by
friction causes
damage to car
engine.

Creates noise
pollution.