Q, m /h

0.36
0.72
1.44 = 2.041.80
2-40C Considere dos pequeas bolas de vidrio idnticas que
D1.08
=
D
cm,
and L =
o
a formula
fall velocity
andvapply
at 20C
for2 acm,
steel
with
1.95 I
se dejan caer en dos recipientes
idnticos, for
uno terminal
lleno con agua
y
(rev/s) to SAE
0.5330 oil
1.59
2.79
3.83cylinder
5.49
)p,Neglect
kPa
159effect of
318any air 477
1274
1851
found
R 2
R al fon=
cm,
Do = primero
2.04 cm,
and L = 15 cm.
the
in the tube.
ENGELel 02C
2/22/06
4:41deAM
Page
60 llegar
otro con
aceite. Cul
lasDdos
bolas
psiisthe
Solution:
The
geometry
s
dad de
do del recipiente? P1.54
Por qu?
(b) A liquid of unknown viscosity is placed in the same viscometer
bulk m
What
is
the
viscosity
of
the
fluid?
Note:
Only
the
first
three
used in part (a),Dand
data given below
are obtained.
Determine
isotrterminal
velocity,
the cylinder
1
COMPILADO
DE PROBLEMAS
E only
Vthe
ISCOSIDAD
- What
Solution:
to
1.47,
vertical
instead
horizontal.
2-41C Cmo vara la viscosidad
dinmicaThe
de a)geometry
los
lquidosis similar
points
proper
viscosity.
is of
peculiar
about the At 1.96
the Prob.
viscosity
ofgive
thisthe
liquid.
con la temperatura?
lastequal
two points,
which were
measured accurately?
y b) los gases
terminal velocity, the cylinder weight should
the viscous
drag:
decrea
xd
2/15/12 9:01*P1.55
PM Page
ANS-1in Fig. P1.54 is called a rotating disk viscometer
The device
mtriP1.59
A
solid
cylinder
of
diameter
D, length L,0.33
and density0.44
*s
!(lb)
0.04
0.11
0.22
Problemas
e [27].
Traslacin
2-42C Cmodvara
laSuppose
viscosidad
cinemtica
de
a)
los
lquia
0:
F
=
= W

1.97
that R ! 5 cm and h ! 1 mm. If the torque
nte de
60
falls due
to gravity
inside a V
tube of diameter
D0z. The clear- z
!
"

b) los gases required

con
la
temperatura?
v
(rev/s)
0.72
1.89
3.73
5.44
7.42
tainer.
2
dos yPROPIEDADES
to rotate the disk ata 900
r/min is 0.537 N " m,
DE LOS FLUIDOS
+ # D, is filled with $fluid
sg D0D+ L
DL,
D ,,
of density * and
z = 0: Fz = W + Drag = ance,
ton app
what un
is the
viscosity
of the
the"
uncertainty
2-43 Se debe mover
bloque
de 50
cm fluid?
" 30Ifcm
20 cm in each
4
(D
D)/2

viscosity
&
.
Neglect
the
air
above
and
below
the en
cylinder.
%
&
o
2-44 Considere el flujo de un fluido con viscosidad m por un
bilidad
aceite
SAE
10W
a
20C
(m
!
0.1
Pa
!
s),
como
se
muestra
parameter
(M, R,
h, #) is de
$10.8
percent,
what una
is the overall
1.98 D
que pesa 150 N a una
velocidad
constante
m/s sobre
Derive
a formula for en
thelos
terminal
tubo circular. El perfil de velocidad en el tubo se expresa como
nte de
la
figura
P2-46.
Si, especialmente
lados,fall
el velocity
espesor of
dethe
la cylin- or:andV(c)=
gD
(D

D)
uncertainty
in
the
viscosity?
superficie inclinada
con
un
coeficiente
de
friccin
de
0.27.
a)
s
o der. Apply your formula to the case of a steel cylinder,
u(r) ! umx(1 " r n/R n), en donde umx es la velocidad mxima
de aceite
es deAns
1.2 .mm, determine la potencia necesaria
or:
V =pelcula
TheFdevice
in Fig.
P1.56 isencalled
a cone-plate
Determine*P1.56
la fuerza
necesaria
a aplicar
la direccin
hori-viscometer
D
! 2movimiento.
cm, D0 ! 2.04
cm, L ! 15
cm, with
film of SAE
1.99 C
8

de flujo, la cual se tiene en la lnea central; r es la distancia

para
mantener
este
Determine
tambin
la areduc
[27].
The
angle
of
the
cone
is
very
small,
so
that
sin
%
!
en 10
zontal. b) Si se aplica una pelcula de aceite de 0.4 mm de espe30 oildeatpotencia
20C. necesario For
thela particular
numerical
radial desde la lnea central y u(r) es la velocidad de flujo en
cury, ac
cin
en
el
consumo
cuando
temperatu%, anddinmica
the gap isdefilled
with
The torque M P1.60 For Prob. 1.52 suppose that
10 atm
sor, con una viscosidad
0.012
Pa the
! s test
entreliquid.
el bloque
3
0.1! hp
when V !
cualquier posicin r. Desarrolle
unathe
relacin
para la numerical
fuerza de
1.100
del given,
aceite seeleva
hasta
80Ckg/m
(m ! 0.0078
s).kg/ms
P !Pa
0.29
Table
1.4
particular
7850
. For
SAE
30 oil from
at6 ft/s,
20C,
to rotatedetermine
the For
cone at
a rate
# is measured.
Assuming case
aralina deny la superficie inclinada,
el
porcentaje
de reduccin
Datos:
Lsteel
! 4.5 ft, bRotating
! 22 in, and h ! 7/8 in. Estimate the viston. A
arrastre ejercida sobre la pared del tubo por el fluido en la
! Weight
inner
0.29
kg/ms
from
Table
1.4.2-47
Then
formula
El
sistema
de embrague
se muestra
en
figura P2-in each
ear velocity
profile
in the
fluid film,
derive
an expression
0 atm
en la fuerza necesaria.
cosity
of predicts
thecylinder
oil, que
in kg/(m
" Fixed
s). Ifouter
the launcertainty
reading
the
direccin del flujo, por unidad de longitud del tubo.
cylinder
transmitir (P,
parL,deb, torsin
mediante
unawhat
pelcula
for fluid viscosity & as a function of (M, R, #, %). 47 se usa para parameter
sgD(D
D)ha
Liquid
h,
V)
is
$1
percent,
is the
over- o ton

2
2 que est entre dos
Vterminal
= m)
discos
idnde (7850
aceite con
m all
!3 )(9.81
0.38 N !m/s
s/m
Assum

gD(D

D)
kg/m
)(0.02
m)(0.0204

0.02
uncertainty
in
the
viscosity?
s
o
olumChapter 82Propertie
= de*P1.61
Problemas
de Rotacin
ticos
30 cmAn
de air-hockey
dimetro.
Cuando
flecha
impulsora
u(r) = umx (1Vterminal
r n /R n ) =
atmosp
puck
has alamass
of 50
g and is 9gira
cm in dientaje
8
8(0.29
kg/m

s)
2-47 V = 0.8 m/s
a una velocidad
de
1
450
rpm,
se
observa
que
la
flecha
impulsa
ameter. When placed on the air table, a 20C
air0.265
film, ofm/s1.101
An
urante
50 cm
P1.88
Solution
A clutch system isda
used
torque
through un
an
oil under
film
between
two
F
R
giratoatransmit
1Figure
3980.12-mm
rpm.
Suponiendo
perfil
lineal
velocidad
thickness,
forms
thede
puck.
Theidentical
puck is disks.
withou
a)
Discos
en la

0.265
m/s
Ans
.
30rotational
cm

r
para lais pelcula
de
aceite,
determine
el
par
de
torsin
transmispeeds,
the transmitted torque
to be determined.
struck with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Assuming a linF
1.102

tido.
umx 0
ear velocity
distribution
in speeds
the air film,
how
long
will itconstant.
Assumptions
1
The
thickness
of
the
oil
film
is
uniform.
2
The
rotational
of
the
disks
remain
20
1.89 take A
circular
plate
is placed
fixed sure ex
n de 1
the12-in.-diameter
puck to (a) slow
down to
1 m/s
and (b)over
stopacom2
bottom
plate
with
a
0.1-in.
gap
between
the
two
plates
filled
with Determ
R
150 N
nto en
Flecha
Flecha
The absolute viscosity
of oil is given
to beAlso,
= 0.38
Ns/m
.
Properties
pletely?
(c) how
far along
this extremely long table

Fluid
glycerin impulsora
as shown in Fig. P1.89.
Determine the torque required to 1.103
ca del
impulsora
R: ENGEL
F1=105,5N
57,2N P2-44
FIGURA
02C; F2=
2/22/06
4:41 AM Page 60
willcircular
the puck
have
traveled
condition
rotate the
plate
slowly
at 2 for
rpm.
Assume (a)?
that the velocity isother
FIGURA
P2-43
1.98 1a2 P1.62
343
m!s;
1b2
1010
m!s;
1c2
446
m!s

Chapter
1
The
hydrogen
bubbles
which
produced
the
velocity
distribution
in
the
gap
is
linear
and
that
the
shear
stress
on the proedge final d

!1
!2
2-45 Se
plana delgada de 1.100 104 of
psithe1gage2
1.2
1a2 jala
MLThorizontalmente
; 1b2 ML4 L!2;de1c2una
MTplaca
files in Fig.
1.13
are quite small, D ! 0.01 mm. If the hyrotating
plate
is
negligible.
3
mm
30
cm
3
!2 a 1 m/s !1
!1
!3 capa de aceite de 3.6
1.104
20 cm #
cm
1.102 2.88 kg!mdrogen-water interface is comparable to air-water and the
1.4
1a2 20
FLT
; 1b2 FL a Ttravs
; 1c2deFLuna
T
of 14.7
!3
3
!3entre dos placas, una estacionaria y la
Driving
mm de 1a2
espesor,
est
Driven
water
temperature
is
30C
estimate
the
excess
pressure
1.104
4.25
#
10
slugs!ft
;
305
%F
1.10
FL!1;que
1b2
FL
;
FL
P1.56
sure of
Aceite
SAE
30W
!1
0
0
0
!1
Rotating
plate
otra movindose
a una
constante de 0.3 m/s, como se 1.108 1.06shaft within the bubble.
shaft
1.12
LT ; F L
T ;velocidad
LT60
Problems
35
Torque
gas.
muestra
en
la
figura
P2-45.
La
viscosidad
dinmica
del
aceite
P1.63 Derive Eq. (1.37) by making a force balance on the fluid
1.110 14.1%
1.14 Yes PROPIEDADES DE LOS FLUIDOS
FIGURA
P2-47
1.105
es de 0.027
Pa ! s.2For
Suponiendo
que la
velocidadofenFig.
cada
una suppose
de 1.112
interface in Fig. 1.9c.
0.1-in. gap
*P1.57
the cone-plate
viscometer
P1.56,
that4.74 psi 1abs2
1!2,
$5 !1!2
# Considere
tion (Eq. 1.16
Determine
the%de
thickness
of
the
water
layer un3.5 capas
# 10
lbaceite
s&ft R
. vara
with th
2-44
el
flujo
un
fluido
con
viscosidad
m rotate
por
un
las
de
en
forma
lineal,
a)
trace
la
grfica
del
aceite
SAE
10W
a
20C
(m
!
0.1
Pa
!
s),
como
se
muestra
en
P1.64
At
60C
the
surface
tension
of
mercury
and
water
is
0.47
!
6
cm
and
!
3.
If
the
torque
required
to
the
1.114 13 kPa 1abs2
Dimensionless
By what 1.18
der
the
runners.
Assume
a
linear
velocity
distribution
in
the
water
layer.
tubo
circular.
El
perfil
de
velocidad
en
el
tubo
se
expresa
como
30
cm
perfil de velocidadcone
y encuentre
el lugar en N
donde
la velocidad
la kPa
figura
P2-46.
Si,elespecialmente
en Con
losWhat
lados,
el espesor
de la *1.106
and
0.0662
N/m,
respectively.
capillary
height
r/min
" m, what
is the viscosity
of5.81
1.116
1abs2;
0.842
psi
1abs2
4.32 mm!s; at
1b2600
70.2
kg; is1c20.157
13.4 N;
2-48
Reconsidere
problema
2-47.
el software
rature is 1.20 1a2
n/R
n), en
3 these
mm
(1y2 "
donde
umxines
la se
velocidad
u(r)es! cero
umxthe
del aceite
b) r determine
la 2fuerza
que
necesitamxima
pelcula
de
aceite
es
de
1.2
mm,
determine
la
potencia
necesaria
changes
will
occur
in
two
fluids
when
they
are
in pressur
fluid?
If
the
uncertainty
each
parameter
(M,
R,
#,
s remain
1.118 0.060 N!m
de EES (o cualquier otro programa de este tipo),
1d2
22.3 m!s
; 1e2se1.12
N " s!m
de flujo,
la%)cual
tiene en
la is
lnea
central;
r es la distancia
Figure
P1.89
aplicar sobre
la placa
este
movimiento.
umes,
para
mantener
este
movimiento.
Determine
tambin
la reduccontact
with
air
in
a
clean
glass
tube
of
diameter
0.4
mm?
is
$1
percent,
what
the
overall
uncertainty
in
the
vis5para
2 mantener
!2
3

investigue
el
efecto
del
espesor
de
la
pelcula
de
aceite
en
el
1.120
538 Pa
1.22 1a2
6.47desde
# 10la m
; 1b2central
56.8 #
10 esmla; velocidad de flujo
isentro
radial
lnea
y
u(r)
en
cin
en
el
consumo
de
potencia
necesario
cuando
la
temperatuP1.65
The
system
in
Fig.
P1.65
is
used
to
calculate
the
pressure
cosity?
4
Nota:
os problemas
.89 el
y 2espesor
.47 son
emejantes.
par de
torsin
Haga1que
desla
pelcula
1.122
Pa Ltransmitido.
1c2
3.86 # 105 m; 1d2
5.90 # 10una
W;relacin
1e2 289 para
K la fuerza
against
able B.2
cualquier
r. Desarrolle
de 97.9
ra
del
aceite
se
eleva
hasta
80C
(m
!
0.0078
Pa
!
s).
SAE
30W
oil
p
in
the
tank
by
measuring
the
15-cm
height
of
liquid
in
*P1.58 posicin
The
example
of Prob. 1.12
can be vare
used
1
3 laminar-pipe-flow
5
24.5
0.1
mm hasta
10 absorbers
mm. Tracedamp
la grfica
de los re-caused by
1a2desde
deg
0.240ejercida
mi ; 1b2 sobre
4.41
10
lb del tubo por el fluido 1.124
1.90
Vehicle
shock
out oscillations
mine the 1.30 1a2
Pared#
fija
arrastre
la
pared
en
la
1-mm-diameter
tube. que
The se
fluid
is at 60C
Prob.
1.107
to design a capillary viscometer [27]. If Q is the volume
2-47
Elthe
sistema
de embrague
muestra
enmay
la (see
figura
sultados
que in.;
obtenga
y exprese
sus
road
roughness.
Describe
howconclusiones.
a temperature
change
affect P2the
1.126
0.0614
Yes
q. 1.112. 1.32 30.6
kg; 37.3
N por unidad de longitud del tubo.
direccin
del
flujo,
can be
1.64).
Calculate
the
true
fluid
height
in
the
tube
and
the
flow
rate,
L
is
the
pipe
length,
and
)p
is
the
pressure
drop
Analysis
The
disks
are
rotting
in
the
same
direction
at
different
angular
speeds
of

and
of

.
Theref
!2
3
3
47
se
usa
para
transmitir
par
de
torsin
mediante
una
pelcula
1
2
shock
absorber.
are with 1.34 1150h kg!m
1.128
1.80
#
10 of
ft a de
; 11.3
kN!m
2-49
Laoperation
viscosidad
algunos
fluidos
cambia
cuando
sewater and
V = to
1 m/s
1 = 1 mm
F
2
percent
error
due
to
capillarity
if
the
fluid
is
(a)
from
entrance
exit,
the
theory
of
Chap.
6
yields
a
for idnassume one of the disks to be stationary
and
the other
be
rotating
atellos.
anque
angular
speeddos
of discos
. Thechange
veloc
estfenmeno
entre
de mm
aceite
con to
m!
0.38
N en
! s/m
n in the 1.36 0.0186 ft3; No
2 C
1.130
7.49
aplica
un
fuerte
campo
elctrico
se 1at 37
1.91
Some
measurements
onEste
a blood sample
the air
(b)
mercury.
mula for viscosity:
n /R n )
ticos
de
30
cm
de
dimetro.
Cuando
la
flecha
impulsora
gira
2
u
(
r
)
=
u
(
1

r
V = (
2 )r is
/h where
the ytangential
Then thetion
wallit
anywhere
h is como
V198.6
2.6 mm
h2 =lb
mxin the oil of film thickness
F2
indicate
a 1shearing
stress
oflos
0.52
N$velocity.
m que
for a correconoce
efecto
electrorreolgico
(ER)
fluidos
1.38 0.9971
Vw = 0.3 m/s
una
velocidad
de
1 450
rpm,
observa
que la flecha
rateroffrom
shearing
strain
of
200ses#1conocen
. can
Determine
the impulsaapparent
flow c
Chapter
2 aatsponding
muestran
un
comportamiento
deaxis
esteofse
tipo
como
1.40 991.5 kg!m3
anywhere on the
surface
of
the
faster
disk
a
distance
the
rotation
be
expressed
as
R
da
giraEla modelo
1of398
perfil
lineal
3
viscosity
therpm.
blood
and compare
it with
the de
viscosity
of answer
ER.
del Suponiendo
plstico
de un
Bingham
para
el velocidad
59.2
kPa
1.42 16.0 kN!m3; 1.63
kg!m3; 1.63
(1 2.2
fluidos
Pared#
en 10
movimiento
du r V
2 )r
para
la
pelcula
de
aceite,
determine
el
par
de
torsin
transmi- pheric
water
at
the
same
temperature.

=
=
=

Figure
P1.77
$
m(du/dy)
esfuerzo
cortante,
el
cual
se
expresa
como
t
!
t
w
2.6
34.7
psi
1.44
4.76 (kg
y
F = 1,62N
Y = 6mm desde la pared en mvto) dr 0 h
h
is curve, R:
tido.amplitud para describir el comportamiento
umx
3
FIGURA P2-45
con
de los
2.8se usa
404
kPa
!r
$
1.75%
earth
ogram is 1.46 1a2 0.0214 kg!m ; 1b2 rMars
h
Then the shear force acting on a differential
areadebido
dA onathe
surface
andUna
the de las aplicaciones
!3
3shaft is pulled through a cylindrifluidos
ER,
su
sencillez.
2.10
1a2
p
$
!E
ln
11
!
r
gh!E
2;
1b2
61.4
MPa;
1.78
A
25-mm-diameter
1.48
6.44
#
10
slugs!ft
;
0.622
lb
v
0
v
11 withtorque
generation
associated
with
it
can
be
expressed
as
Flecha
Flecha
ms
promisorias
de
los
fluidos
ER
es
el
embrague
ER.
Un
cal
as
shown
in Fig. de
P1.78.
lubricant
fills the
1c2 60.6 MPa
2-46bearing
Un cuerpo
en forma
conoThe
cortado
gira athat
velocidad
1.50
98.7
psia
impulsora
(a1 kine 2 )r embrague ER2 tpico de impulsora
FIGURA
0.3-mm
gap
betweende
the200
shaftrad/s
andP2-44
bearing
is
an oil
having
angular668
constante
en
un
recipiente
lleno
con
2.12
p $ Kh !2 & '0h discos mltiples consta de varios disdF

dA

(
2

r
)
dr
=
=
1.52
lb
w
F and m matic viscosity of 8.02 # 10$4 m2&!2
1r R1 y
gravity of 0.91.
s and a specific
cos de
h
2
2.18
464acero
mm igualmente espaciados de radio interior
0.6 the
N "force
s!m P; 1.3
# 10 lb " s!ft
to deter- 1.56
Determine
required to pull the
at a velocity
of 2
2-45 Se
jala horizontalmente
de shaft
una placa
plana delgada
de exterior R2, N de ellos sujetos a la flecha de entrada.
radio
2
(1 2 )r 2.20 62.9%
2 (1 2 ) 3 30 cm
0.727 Nthe" s!m
3 mm
equation 1.58
3 m/s. Assume
velocity
gap
20 cm # 20
cm !2
a distribution
1 m/s a travs
una=iscapa
de aceite de
La
brecha
los discos
dinT the
rdF
r )dr
r dr paralelos se llena con un lquido
linear.
=de
(23.6
= hftentre
2.24
4,250
1.60 23.7,
2.55
#
10
h
h
mm de espesor,2 que est entre dos placas, una estacionaria
yviscoso.
la
a) Encuentre
una relacin para el par de torsin
2.26 543 m
N " s!m a una velocidad
SAE 30W
Caja

Integrating,
otra movindose
constante
de
0.3
m/s,
como
se
generado
por
el
embrague
cuando la flechaAceite
de salida
est
hown in 1.62 0.277
!5
2
2.28
60 kPa
#
10
" s!mP2-45.
Bearing
s 2 mm, 1.64 2.05
muestra
en laNfigura
La
viscosidad
dinmica
del
aceite
estacionaria y b) calcule
el par de torsin para un embrague
Lubricant
/
2
D
P2-47
2.32de2
14.4
4 kPa 1abs2
No;0.027
1b2 Not
/ 2 una
hen it is 1.66 1a2
(1 10W
(1 psia;
2 )enDcada
2 )99.3
(1 2 ) D 4
es de
Pa !correct
s. Suponiendo que2
la velocidad
r FIGURA
3
Aceite SAE
T
r
dr
=
=
=
2.34
1a2
18.2
ft;
1b2
8.73
psi;
21.7 psia
he fluid 1.68 184
D = 12
cm en forma
las capas de aceite
vara
lineal,ha) trace la
P 1!2
r = 0grfica del
hT ft
4.m r = 0, T=
32h
R:
= 0,55 N

!6
Shaft
2.36
0.317
1.70 C
$
1.43
#
10
kg!1m
"
s
"
K
2;
S
$
107
K
h = 1.2 mm
perfil de velocidad y encuentre el lugar en donde la velocidad
2-48
Reconsidere
el
problema
2-47. Con el software
!6 z
2
3
2.38 6.28 ft
# cero
10 yN b)
" s!m
; B $ 1.870
# 10
del$
determine
la fuerza
queK;se necesita
L aceite
=1.767
12 cmes
wer plate 1.72 D
de
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de este tipo),
Casco
!4
2 Noting that = 2 n , the relative
angular
speed
is
2.40 !3.32 kPa
5.76
# sobre
10 la
N placa
" s!mpara mantener este movimiento.
aplicar
R2
b above
Rde
1
investigue
el
efecto
del
espesor
de
la
pelcula
aceite en el
2 d = 4 cm
2.42 1a2 4.00 ft; 1b2 2.08 ft
1 min
r
hin plate 1.74 0.300 N " s!m
par
de torsin
transmitido.
Haga que
el espesor
de, la pelcula
2
n
n
2
rad/rev
1450
1398
rev/min
5.445
rad/s

(
)
(
)
(
)
1
2
1
2

ed plate. 1.76 non-Newtonian

2.44 1.45 ft
0.5 m
60mm.
s Trace la grfica de los revare
desde
0.1 mm hasta 10

Pared fija
the vis- 1.78 286 N
Flecha
de1b2
entrada
Flecha de salida
2.46
1a2
26.9
kPa;
0.202
m

Figure
P1.78

Substituting, the torque transmitted is determined
sultados to
que
3beobtenga y exprese sus conclusiones.
and bot2.48
1.55
slugs!ft
Placas
montadas
sobre
Placas
montadas
1.80 0.0883 m!s
the bot2
4kPa
2-49
La
viscosidad
de
algunos
fluidos
=
1
mm
h
V
=
1
m/s
la
flecha
de
entrada
sobre
el cascocambia cuando se
1
F
2.50
94.9
(0.38 N s/m )(5.445 /s)(0.30 m)
1.82 0.268 ft!s
T =in. and a length of 9.50 2.54 21.6
= 0.55
N Campo
mcampo
magntico
variable
aplica
un fuerte
elctrico
en ellos. Este fenmeno se
1.79 A3.43
piston
a diameter of 5.48
ft
1.84
#having
10!4 lb
32(0.003 m)
mm
hwith
2 = 2.6
!4
in. slides
downward
= 0.3 m/spipe. The 2.56 575conoce
lb!ft2 como efecto electrorreolgico (ER) y los fluidos que
1.86
9.53
# 10P2-46
ft "albvelocity V throughVaw vertical
FIGURA
FIGURAunP2-49
muestran
comportamiento de este tipo se conocen como
downward motion 2is resisted by an oil film
!3between the
2 piston and
2.58transmitted
0.100 m is proportional
thatcylinder
the torque
to the fourth power of disk diameter, and i
1.88
1a2 12.7 ft !rev; 1b2 4.73Discussion
#
10
lbin.,"Note
s!ft
the pipe wall. The3 film thickness
is
0.002
and
the
fluidos ER. El modelo del plstico de Bingham para el
Pared
en
movimiento
2.60oil film.
27.8%
2
proportional to the thickness
of the
1.94 2.03 # 10 psi
#

Answers to
Selected Even-Numbered
Homework Problems

2
1.72bot
%1
slug/ft10, 83920kg/m30
(rpm)
40
50
60
70
80
y3Speed
/3 !1.63
constant
1.12
! {L
}de dimetro. Cuando la flecha impulsora gira1.80 x y % 1.4
ticos {B}
de 30
cm
2
2 2
1.74vers
1/2 3/2

(N
!
s/m
1.6
(a)
{L
/T
};
(b)
{M/T}
)
0.121
0.139
0.153
0.159
0.172
0.172
0.183
0.185
.
1.82
y
!
x
tan
$
&
constant
1.14
! Const Bdeg1 450
H rpm, se observa que la flecha impulsaa unaQvelocidad
de
*P1.55
The
device
in Fig.
calledRa2 rotating
disk viscometer
ER con
N1.00
!
para
R1P1.54
! 50ismm,
! 200 mm,
y n ! 2 4001.76
2 11
%2 %2
1.8
'
!
My/I
P1.59
imp
(y/y0) & ln (y/y0)}
1.16
AllP1.53
arerpm.
{MLSuponiendo
T }
da gira
aterms
1 398
un perfil lineal de velocidad1.84 x ! x0{ln
la
25 cm
[27].
Suppose
that
R
!
and
h
!
1
mm.
If
the
torque
!
2.5
kPa,
y
rpm,
si
el
fluido
es
SAE
10,
con
m
!
0.1
Pa
!
s,
t
y
1.10 An
Yes,insulation
all terms are
{ML/T is} examining a new material
2.69
company
for 1.78reco
1.18
V0e%mt/Kde aceite, determine el par de torsin transmipara V
la!pelcula
fu
%1
required
to
rotate
the
disk
at
900
r/min
is
0.537
N
"
m,
Respuesta:
b)
2
060
N
!
m
h
!
1.2
mm.
{B} !
{L cavities.
}
extruding
into
The experimental data is given below 1.80
Chapter 2 1.12
1.20
tido. zmax ! 64.2 m at t ! 3.36 s
2.73
un
1/2 3/2 of the fluid? If the uncertainty in each
what
is
the
viscosity
1.82
1.14
Q speed
!C
Const
B gtheH
U of
upper
plate,fluidos,
which
is
separated
frommaga
2viscosidad
2
2-50
La
de
algunos
llamados
fluidos
*P1.54(a) A
disk of ,2radius
at anRangular velocity & inside 2.2
1.22
%0.372U
/R; (b)Rxrotates
! %1.291
Othe
tras
onfiguraciones
G
eomtricas
turn
'xy b)
!for
%289
lb/ft
,
(
!
%577
lb/ft
re
AA
%2 is $1 percent,
parameter
(M,
R,
h,
what
is the
overall
Chapter
2cambia
Properties
of se
Fluids
1.16
All
terms
are
{ML
T#)
} cuando
fixed
lower
plate
by
a%2
1-mm-thick
sample
of the
material,
netorreolgicos
(MR),
aplica
un
campo
mag-1.84and
disk-shaped
container filled with oil of viscosity #, as 2.4
1.24 e !a221,000
J/kg
x ! Const
e%2Cz/B
0.
Flecha
Flecha
%mt/K in the viscosity?
uncertainty
2-49
1.18
V
!
V
e
when
a
given
shear
stress
is
applied.
Determine
the
type
of
ntico.
Esos
fluidos
contienen
partculas
magnetizables
con
ta- alge
c expres- 1.26 Wairshown
Fig. P1.54. Assuming
a linear velocity profile 2.6
0
! 0.71inimpulsora
lbf
impulsora
(a) 30.3
ft; (b)The
30.0
in; (c)
10.35
m; (d)
13,100
mm
*P1.56
device
in
Fig.
P1.56
is
called
a
cone-plate
viscometer
Solution andAneglecting
multi-disk Electro-rheological
clutch
is considered. The
ER fluid
has
a shear
that
1.20
zmax
64.2
m
t stress
! 3.36
s is expressed
material.
Iforden
a replacement
material
withena un
minimum
yield Chapte
del!
de atmicras,
suspendidas
lquido portador
g at 1200
stress
the 3outer ER
disk edges,
derive
1.28 #wet ! 1.10 kg/m3,shear
#dry !
1.13onkg/m
2.8
DALRmao
! 9.77C/km
2
[27].
The
angle
of
the
cone
is
very
small,
sothe
thatmaterial
sin
% ! 2.2 tion
= y W
+ a(du
dy
)
as 1.30
.
A
relationship
for
the
torque
transmitted
by
the
clutch
is
to
be
obtained,
and
the
numerical
value
of
1.22
(a)
%0.372U
/R;
(b)
x
!
%1.291
R
stress
of
250
Pa
is
needed,
what
viscosity
will
apropiado
y
son
adecuados
para
usarse
en
embragues
hidruliProblems
51
the meaformula
for
the
viscous
torque
on
the
disk.
,
!
21
ft
lbf
and
2.10
10,500
Pa
1-2
ada de
%,have
and the
withas
thethe
testcurrent
liquid.
The MR
torque
1.24
221,000
J/kgis filled
P1.60
need eto!
the gap
same
behavior
material
at M
a 2.4
Vase
la figura
P2-49.
Los
fluidos
pueden
3 mm
cmkN
Fig
1.32 (a)
76 be
kN;calculated.
(b)30
501
is to
2.12 8.0 cmcos controlables.
de 3.6the torque
to rotate
the
at a ms
rate #altas
is measured.
a lin- 2.6
1.26
lbfcone
shear
stress
of 450
Pa?
tenerW
viscosidades
mucho
que los Assuming
ER y, a menudo,
air ! 0.71
4 Pa without air
app
1.34 1300 atm
2.14 74,450 Pa with
75,420
ia y laAssumptions
3
3 derive an expression
earair;
velocity
in !
the1.13
fluid
film,
(
rprofile
0 )p
1.28
#
!
1.10
kg/m
,
#
kg/m
1
The
thickness
of
the
oil
layer
between
the
disks
is
constant.
2
The
Bingham
plastic
model
for
shear
stress
muestran
un
comportamiento
de
adelgazamiento
al
corte,
en el2.8 obt
3
wet
dry
&
!
'
'
Aceite
SAE
30W
1.36
(a)
B
!
1.33
E5
Pa;
(b)
B
!
2.13
E9
Pa
2.16
(a)
21,526
cm
;
(b)
137
kPa
water
omo seexpressed as N=2O + (du dy ) is valid.
fluid
& as 171
a disminuye
function
(M, 246
R, #,349
%aumenta
). 444 la2.10
Q 163
52
Chapter Fundamental
Concepts
1.30
W
!
21 viscosity
ft 150
-8L
lbf
cual
(Pa)
50
100
170 of202
lafor
viscosidad
del
fluido
conforme
1-2
con
2.18 1.56
aceite 1.38 ( ! 1380 yPa, ReL ! 28
U
(m/s)
0 kN;
0 aplicada.
0.025 0.05 0.1
0.2 se
0.3cono-2.12
1.32
(a)cortante
76
(b)05010.005
kNEste0.01
fuerza
comportamiento
tambin
FIGURA
P2-47
Clearance
kg/(m
- s), B ! 1903 K
2.20 Pipe
14 lbfend effects are neglected [27]. Suppose our capillary
una de 1.40 A ! 0.0016
1300
atm
ceand
como
seudoplstico
se
puede cylinder.
representar
con xitoviscous
me-*P1.61
2.14
hviscometer
The
constants
in0.68
shear stress relation
given
to be
=of0.1
Pas
yis=and
2.5LkPa.
2.68areThe
Problem
2.67
used
to
thefollowing
Additional
torq
has
r1.34
mm
! measure
25 cm.yThe
flow rate
1.42 ./.200K
! (T
K/200 K)
2.22
0.94
cm
0!2
ica delProperties
1.36
(a)
B
!
1.33
E5
Pa;
(b)
B
!
2.13
E9
Pa
diante
el
modelo
constitutivo
de
Herschel-Bulkley,
expresado
2.70
A
viscometer
is
used
to
measure
the
viscosity
of
a
2.16 as
N
O
water
2 data are
apparent
viscosity
of
a
fluid.
The
data
below
obtained.
bottom
of
the
inner
cylinder
and
pressure
drop
are
obtained
for
a
certain
fluid:
1.44
Data
50
percent
higher;
Andrade
fit
varies
)50
percent
! 117 kPa, mexact ! 5.3 E18
kg
ocidad
m. Aqu
= 1.2 mm2.24 psealevel
1.38
1380
Pa,The
Re deformation
! 28
K(du/dy)
t rate
es
el (shear
esfuerzo
cortante
aplicomois( t!
!
tFind
patients
blood.
rate)"shear
2.18 cy
2-48 ! 15 Reconsidere
el problema 2-47. Con
el h
software
y "
What
kind
of non-Newtonian
fluid
this?
bottom
of the
stationary
outer
m/s
2.26 (a) 2580
m; (b)
5410
m theLvalues of

ecesita 1.46 VOil

1.40
A
!
0.0016
kg/(m
s),
B
!
1903
K
3
es
el
esfuerzo
en
el
punto
de
fluencia,
K
es
el
ndice
de
cado,
t
stress
data
is
shown
below.
Plot
the
apparent
viscosity
versus
de
EES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
tipo),
2.20
y
k and n used in Eqs.
2.16
and)0.36
2.17
Q,
m /h
0.72 the apparent
1.08 0.68 1.44expression
1.80for the viscous torque
1.48 F ! (.1/h1 & .2/h2)AV
2.28
4400
400 in
ft defining
1.42
./.0.5
!
(T Find
K/200
K)valuedeofpotencia.
consistencia
y
m
es
el
ndice
Para
un
fluido
de
deformation
rate.
the
k
and
n
in
Eq.
2.17,
and
investigue
el
efecto
del
espesor
de
la
pelcula
de
aceite
en
el
2.22
3
200Kdegrees.)
Shell
viscosity
of
a
fluid.
(Assume

is
Predict
gap
of
width
a.
Obtain
an
algebrai
1.50 . ! M(ro % ri)/(2/0ri L)
2.30 101,100 Pa
)p,and
kPa100 rpm.
159 Data
318
477
1851
1.44
percent
higher;
fitKvaries
percent
!Andrade
9001274
Pa,Blood
! 58
Pa
!flow
sm, than
y m
!bottom
Herschel-Bulkley
con
ty aphorism
from
this 50
examine
the
is)50
thicker
par deP torsin
Haga que el espesor
deviscosity
la pelcula
2.24
R
R the
at 90
torque
due
to
in
the
1.52
! 73 Wtransmitido.
2.32 22.6 cm R2
21.46
15 m/s2R1 2 una relacin para
0.82,VFluid
a)!encuentre
el par deRatorsin
transmitiwater.
vare
desde
0.1
mm
hasta
10
mm.
Trace
la
grfica
de
los
re2.26
4
2
2 Prepare
1.54 MP1.54
! /.0R /h
b)
2.34 What
*p ! is
*h[
+water
(1 & dof /D
)fluid?
% +oilNote:
(1 % dOnly
/D the
)] first threeplot showing the ratio
the
viscosity
the
F !un
do40por
MR,
sujetos
a latoflecha
de2.28
sultados que obtenga y exprese sus conclusiones.
Speed (rpm) 10
20
30 1.48
50(.embrague
60
80para N platos
1/h
1 & .70
2/h
2)AV
bottom
torque
1 percent
or l
1.56 . ! 3M sin $/(2/0R3)
2.36 points
25 give the21
3
2
proper
viscosity.
What
about
thevelocidad
P1.62
1.50
.(s0.172
!cuando
%
ri0.183
)/(2
0r
entrada
sta
se
girando
a
una
du/dy
)M(r0.172
10/encuentra
25 is peculiar
50
100
200
300 geometric
400angu-2.30

(N
!
s/m
)
0.121
0.139
0.153
0.159
0.185
o5
i L)
versus
the
other
varia
2-49 . La
viscosidad
fluidos
cambia cuando
se 2.38 (a) p1,gage ! (#m % #a)gh % (#t % #a)gH
1.58
! 0.040
kg/(m -de
s), algunos
last 2 points
are turbulent
flow

last two
points,
measured
1.52
! which
73 0.0457
W were
deP v
mientras
que
la flecha
de salida
estacionaria
y b)2.32 Te
lar(Pa)
0.119
0.241accurately?
0.375
0.634est
1.06
1.46
1.78modification
implications?
What
aplica.The
un
fuerte
campo
elctrico
en aellos.
Este
fenmeno
1.60
! 0.88
) in
0.023
- s)
2.40 A
21.3
cm
*P1.55
device
Fig. kg/(m
P1.54
is
called
rotating
disk
viscometerse P1.59
4
solid
cylinder
of
diameter
D,
length
L,
and
density
*
1.54
M
!
/.
0R
/h
calcule
el
par
de
torsin
transmitido
por
un
embrague
de
ese
s
2.34 22.69
An
insulation
company
is
examining
a
new
material
for
conoce
como
electrorreolgico
y losIffluidos
que 2.42 Output
. ti1.62
28,500
Paefectothat
pA %due
pshaft
(gravity
#2 % #1inside
)gh a tube of3 diameter Drecommend?
[27].
Suppose
R ! 5 cm and h(ER)
! 1 mm.
the torque
B!
falls
tocon
The clear1.56
.
!
3M
sin
$
/(2
/
0R
) beR1made
!
50
mm,
R
!
200
mm,
n
!
po,
N
!
11
platos,
para
0.from
2.36
2.71
A
viscous
clutch
is
to
a
pair
of
closely
P1.56
extruding
into
cavities.
The
experimental
data
is
given
below
2
2
2
muestran
un comportamiento
1.64
(a)
%0.023
(b) &the0.069
mateste
2.73
A* viscometer
is built fromqu
a
(a) 171
(b) 392
lb/ft
; manometer
reads
friction
required
tom;
rotate
diskde
900 tipo
r/minseisconocen
0.537 Ncomo
" m, 2.44 ance,
D20lb/ft
+which
D;rpm,
,,
D,separated
isdisks
filled
with
fluid
of
density
and
1.58
.
!
0.040
kg/(m
s),
last
2
points
are
turbulent
flow
400
y
h
!
1.2
mm.
2.74
2.38
spaced
parallel
enclosing
a
thin
layer
of
viscous
liquid.
Input
shaft
for
the
speed
U
of
the
upper
plate,
is
from
a
su

fluidos
ElNviscosity
modelo of
deltheplstico
de uncertainty
Bingham in
para
1.66
Fwhat
!ER.
0.014
turns
in
a
conical
bearing,
as
sho
loss
is the
fluid? If the
eachel
viscosity
&. Neglect
the
air
above
and- s)
below
cylinder.
P1.63
1.60
!algebraic
0.88
0.023
kg/(m
visc
Develop
expressions
for thethe
torque
and the
lower plate by a 1-mm-thick
the
material,
2-51 .sample
Se
va of
a) medir
la viscosidad
de
un fluido
conpower
un
vis-a2.40
esfuerzo
cortante,
cual
se expresa
como twhat
!fixed
tisy $
and
bearing
is filled
with
sampl
parameter
(M,elR,
h, #)
is $1 percent,
them(du/dy)
overall
2806
Derive
a formula
for
the
terminal
fallof
velocity
ofFig.
the
cylin- viscosity,
*P1.57
For
the
cone-plate
viscometer
of
P1.56,
suppose
that
1.62
28,500
Pa
mea
transmitted
by
the
disk
pair,
in
terms
of
liquid
,
2.42
Plates
mounted
on
shell
when
a
given
shear
stress
is
applied.
Determine
the
type
cosmetro construido de dos cilindrosalgebraic
concntricos
de 75 cm
se usauncertainty
con amplitud
para
describir el comportamiento de los
expression
for de
the visco
in the
viscosity?
po
der.
Apply
your
formula
to
the
case
of
a
steel
cylinder,
P1.64
Rwith
!
6R,
and
%!
If
required
to
1.64
(a)
%0.023
m;
(b)
& 3.
0.069
m torque
ura
ofy la2.44
disk
radius,
disk
spacing,
a, the
and
the interior
angular
speeds:
Plates
mounted
on input shaft
material.
If a replacement material
acm
minimum
yield
i the
largo.
El
dimetro
exterior
del
cilindro
es
derotate
15
cm
fluidosThe
ER,
debido
a su
sencillez.
de las
aplicaciones
tion
of
viscometer
geometry
(H,
*P1.56
device
in Fig.
P1.56
is calledUna
a cone-plate
viscometer
D
!
2
cm,
D
!
2.04
cm,
L
!
15
cm,
with
a
film
of
SAE
2cone
at
600
r/min
is
0.157
N
"
m,
what
is
the
viscosity
of
1.66
F
!
0.014
N
mea
0
the viscosity
input
disk
disk.
develop
stress of
250UnPa is needed, what
will
thecilindros
material
o of theesoutput
entre
losand
dos
deand
0.12
cm.Also
Setorque
hace
girar
ms promisorias
de los
fluidos
ERvery
es small,
el embrague
ER.
applied
T.
Forelthe dat
[27]. The angle
of the
cone is
so that magnetic
sin
% ! field 30 oil brecha
cidad
Variable
at
20C.
m
the
fluid?
If
the
uncertainty
in
each
parameter
(M,
R,
#,
liqu
expressions
for
the
slip
ratio,
s
5
/
,
in
terms
of

and
to have the same behavior
as theinterior
currentamaterial
806
i el par de torsin
i
cilindro
200 rpmaty ase mideFigure
que
es deA, the
embrague
ERthetpico
discos
mltiples
constaneed
de varios
A.2 in Appendix
%, and
gap isdefilled
with
the test liquid.
The
torque disM P1.60 For Prob.
con
1.52%)suppose
that P what
!
0.1ishp
when
Vefficiency,
!
6 ft/s, ,in
is
$1
percent,
the
overall
uncertainty
the
visthe
torque
transmitted.
Determine
the
in
terms
shear
stress
of
450
Pa?
2.75
20.8 where
N ! m. VDetermine
la
viscosidad
del
fluido.
cos de
igualmente
de radio
Rlinapplied
torque is 0.325 N ! m.
Th
Analysis
(a)
The velocity
in Assuming
theinterior
oil ofafilm
is4.5
V/h
r is
the7/8
tangential
velocity
to acero
rotate
the
cone gradient
at a espaciados
rate #anywhere
is measured.
1 ythickness Lh!
! 22
in,= and
h!
in. Estimate
the visP1.65
cosity?
of ft,
thebslip
ratio.
the
cu
N deonin
ellos
sujetos
a laderive
flecha
entrada.
radio
exterior
R2,profile
obtain
an expression for the shear
relative
to ear
plates
mounted
the
Then
the
wall
shear
stress anywhere
on
the
surface
of
a
plate
mounted
on
the
input
velocity
theshell.
fluid film,
an de
expression
cosity
of the
oil, 202
in
kg/(m
s). If444
theexample
uncertainty
in each
*P1.58
laminar-pipe-flow
of Prob.
1.12 can be used
(Pa)
50 100 150 163
171
170The
246 " 349
h entre
losthe
discos
se
conical shaft as a function of Obt
z.a
for fluid
&axis
as aparalelos
function
of llena
(M,expressed
R,con
#, un
%). lquido
shaft La
at abrecha
distance
rviscosity
from
of
rotation
is
as
200
rpm
parameter
(P,toL,design
b,
h, V)
is $1
what is[27].
the If
overa capillary
viscometer
Q is the volume
U (m/s)
0
0
0 0.005
0.01 0.025
0.05
0.1
0.2 percent,
0.3
sion
viscoso. a) Encuentre una relacin para el par
de torsin
0.12
cmis the pipe length, and )p is the pressure drop
2all
uncertainty
in
the
viscosity?
flow
rate,
L

a = 0.2 mm
du
Vcuando la flecha
r
ang
generado
por
el
embrague
de
salida
est
Fluido
m
w = y +
= y + = y +
*P1.61
An
air-hockey
puck
has
a
mass
of
50
g
and
is
9
cm
in
dientrance
to exit,
Rfrom the
2.70
A viscometer is used to measure
viscosity
of the
a theory of Chap. 6 yields a forestacionaria y dr
b) calcule elhpar de torsin
un embrague
h para
ameter.
When
placed
on
the
air
table,
a
20C
air
film,
of
mula
for
viscosity:
2patients blood. The deformation rate (shear rate)"shear
Then the shear force acting on a differential area dA on the surface of a disk
and thethickness,
torque generation
associated
are is
0.12-mm
under
the puck.with
The itpuck
en
stress data is shown below.
Plot the apparentforms
viscosity
versus

expressed as
struck
with
an
initial
velocity
of 10and
m/s. Assuming a linun
deformation
rate.
Find
the
value
of
k
and
n
in
Eq.
2.17,
h = 1.2 mm
H how long
a
Cilindro
r
ear
velocity
distribution
film,
will Rit

pi
i Blood
ino the airthan
from
this
examine
the
aphorism
is
thicker
dF = w4:41
dA = AM
61
y +Page
(2r )drCasco
estacionario
GEL 02C 2/22/06
take the puck to (a) slow down to 1 m/s and (b) stop
com- H = 25 mm
h
water.

z
R R2
R1
pletely? Also, (c) how far along this extremely long table
b
Fluid
3

21r
2
will
the
puck
have
traveled
for
condition
(a)?
du/dy
(s
)
5
10
25
50
100
200
300
400

dT = rdF = r y +
(2r )dr = 2 y r +
drP1.62 The hydrogen bubbles which
the velocity proa 1.46produced
h 0.0457
0.119 0.241 0.375 0.634 1.06
1.78

Flecha deentrada h
Flecha desalida
(Pa)
files in Fig. 1.13 are quite small, D ! 0.01 mm. If the hy
Integrating,
Placas montadas sobre
Placas montadas
P2.73
P2.71
P2.72
drogen-water
interface
is
comparable
to
air-water
and
the

2.71
clutch is to be made from FIGURA
a pair of
closely 61
la flecha de entrada 3
sobre el
casco A viscous
P2-51
4 R2
R2
ywater32.72
r 3spaced

enclosing
rmagntico
rparallel

temperature
isof30C
estimate
the excess
concentric-cylinder
viscometer
is
shown.
Viscous
3 A layer
4viscous
4 liquid.
CAPTULO
2 pressure
Chapter
2.74
Design
a concentric-cylinder
disks
aRthin
dr = 2variable
y r 2 +Campo
52
Fundamental
Concepts

+
=

T = 2P1.56
2
(
R
)
(
R
R
)

within
2 torque
1 bubble.
2
1by the annular gap around the inner
y
the
istorque
produced
.
r = R1
h
3
4
h
3
4
h
viscosity
of
a
liquid
Develop
algebraic
expressions
for
the
and
the
power
el centro de ese tubo y umx esla velocidad mxima de flujo, similar to wat
de
R1
ER con N !FIGURA
11 paraP2-49
R1 ! 50 mm, R2 !200 mm, y n ! 2r =400
P1.63
Derive
Eq.
(1.37)
making
a force
on
accuracy
of 61 p
transmitted by the
disk
pair,sein
terms
ofelby
liquid
viscosity,
,balance
2-52I
Se
va
a medir
la viscosidad
dethe
unfluid
fluido
con flat
un vislathe
cual
tiene
en
centro.
Obtenga
a) unaismeasurement
relacin
para
2.68
The
viscometer
2.67
used
to
measure
cylinder.
Additional
viscous
torque
produced
by la
the
! 2.5
kPa,
y onthe
rpm,
si For
el
fluido
es SAE
10,
conof
mProblem
!of
0.1
!ofs,aistysuppose
This
is the
torque
transmitted
by
one
surface
plate
mounted
input
shaft.
Then
the
torque
transmitted
by
bothand
interface
in
Fig.
1.9c.
*P1.57
the cone-plate
viscometer
Fig.PaP1.56,
that
uration
dimensions
of the
of cilindros
disk radius, R, disk spacing,
a, cosmetro
and the angular
speeds:
dos
construido
con
concntricos
de
3
pies
i aplicada
fuerza
de
resistencia
al
movimiento
por
el
fluido
en
apparent
viscosity
a fluid.
data
below
are
obtained.
bottom
of the tension
inner of
cylinder
it water
rotatesis 0.47
above the flat
b) of
2
N ! mThe
h ! 1.2
surfaces
ofRNmm.
plates
attached
to
input
shaft
inrequired
the
clutch
becomes
P1.64
the
surface
mercuryas
and
!
6 cmRespuesta:
and
% ! 3.
If 060
the
torque
rotate
the
una
measured
parameter
will
be used
theto input
disk and
o At
of 60C
thedeoutput
disk.
Also develop
largo.
El
dimetro
interior
del
cilindro
exterior
mide
6
pulseccin
del
tubo
de
longitud
L
y
b)
el
valor
de
la
fuerza
de
What
kind ofdenon-Newtonian
fluid
is this?
Find the
values of and bottom
of
the stationary
outer
cylinder.
Obtain
an algebraic
capillary
cone
is
0.157
N
" m, what
is
the viscosity
of
2-50 La
viscosidad
algunos
fluidos,
llamados
fluidos
magsample.
aty600 3r/min
for the slip
ratio,0.0662
sal
5 /
, brecha
inrespectively.
terms
offlujo
i What
and
2.16
gadas
yN/m,
laifor
entre
los
dos
cilindros
esheight
decon
0.05
3 Eqs.
4and 2.17
4 inexpressions
resistencia
movimiento
para
de agua
aliquid
20C,
R pulgadas.
!
k fluid?
in
defining
the
apparent
expression
the
viscous
torque
due
to
flow
in
the
annular Se
N
T = 4the

)
+
(

)
R
R
R
R
changes
will
occur
in
these
two
fluids
when
they
are
in
Ifused
the
uncertainty
in
each
parameter
(M,
R,
#,
netorreolgicos
cambia
cuando
se
aplica
un
campo
magand (n(MR),

2
1
2
1
the torque transmitted.
, interior
inyterms
hace
girar
cilindro
250
rpmkg/m
yAse!spherical
mide
el par bearing
de
! 3 m/s,
m !a 0.0010
s. theque
0.08Determine
m, L
!of
15the
m,efficiency,
uel
2.75
thrust
i
3
4
h
viscosity
of
a
fluid.
(Assume

is
0.5
degrees.)
Predict
gap
width
a.
Obtain
an
algebraic
expression
for
viscous
mx

contacttorsin
with airesin de
a clean
glass! tube
of diameterla0.4
mm?
) is $1
percent,
what is the
overall uncertainty
in slip
thecon
visntico. %Esos
fluidos
contienen
partculas
magnetizables
ta
of the
ratio.
1.2
lbf
ft.
Determine
viscosidad
del
fluido.
the
spherical
member
and
the hou
the
viscosity
at
90
and
100
rpm.
torque
due
to
flow
in
the
bottom
clearance
gap
of
height
b.
= 2denmicras,
= 2 (2400
rev/minen
) =un
15,lquido
080 rad/min
= 251
.3 rad/s
P1.65
Theand
system
in Fig. P1.65 is used
to 2calculate the pressure
(b) Noting
thatorden
substituting,
cosity?
suspendidas
portador
mao del
Respuesta: 0.000648
lb ! s/ftratio,
and plot an algebraic exp
showing
b/a,Obtain
required
p1 inPrepare
the tank abyplot
measuring
thethe
15-cm height
of
liquid into hold the
*P1.58
Theylaminar-pipe-flow
example
of Prob.
1.12 can be
used
apropiado
son adecuados para
usarse
en embragues
hidrulisional
torque
spherical2Speed (rpm)2 10
20
30
40
50
60
70 2 80
bottom
torque
to
1
percent
or
less
of
the
annulus
torque,
2
2-53
En
las
regiones
alejadas
de
la
entrada,
el flujoon
dethe
un fluithe 1-mm-diameter
tube. The
fluid isr at 60C (see Prob.
to design
aVase
capillary
viscometer
[27].
is (the
cos controlables.
la figura
P2-49.
LosIffluidos
0MR
.1volume
Npueden
251.3 /s)
s/m
N/m
2
3 0.153
3Q
4
4 umx 1 2
angle
.
2500
(N ! s/m
) [(
0.121
0.139
0.159
0.172
0.172
0.183 )(0.185
R
versus
the
other
geometric
variables.
What
are
the
design
T = tener
(4 )(viscosidades
11
)
0
.
20
m)
(
0
.
05
m
)
]

+
[(
0
.
20
m)

(
0
.
05
m
)
]
=
2060
N

m
do
por
un
tubo
circular
es
unidimensional
y
el
perfil
de
velocido
rate, L ismucho
height in the tube and the
Calculate the true fluid
flow
length,
)plos
is the
altasand
que
ERpressure
y, aR menudo,
3 the pipems
4(drop
0.0012 m) 1.64).implications?
What
modifications
to
the
design
can
you

(1
#
qu
dad
para
el
flujo
laminar
se
expresa
como
u(r)
!
u
mx
percent error due to Rcapillarity if the fluid is (a) water and
from
to exit, thedetheory
of Chap. 6 al
yields
a formuestran
unentrance
comportamiento
adelgazamiento
corte,
en el
2.69
An insulation company is examining a new material for
r
recommend?
R es el radioumx
del tubo, r es la distancia radial desr2/R2), donde
co
(b) mercury.
cual lamula
viscosidad
del fluido disminuye conforme aumenta la
for viscosity:
o
extruding
into
cavities.
Theother
experimental
data
given below
Discussion
Canaplicada.
you
think
of comportamiento
some
potential
applications
for this kind
of fluid?
2.73
A viscometer
is built from a conical pointed shaft that
fuerza cortante
Este
tambin
seis conothe speed U of the upper plate, which is separated from a
H
turns
in a conical bearing,
asa shown. The gap between shaft
R
ce como for
seudoplstico
y se puede representar con
me-
i xito
o
fixed lower plate by a 1-mm-thick sample
of the material,
and
bearing is filled with a sample of the test oil. Obtain an
diante el modelo constitutivo de Herschel-Bulkley, expresado
given shear
stress is applied. Determine the type of
m. Aqu
FIGURA P2-53
algebraic expression
for thebviscosity of the oil as a funct es el esfuerzo cortante aplicomo t !when
ty "a K(du/dy)
material.
If a replacement material with a minimum yield
tion of viscometer geometry (H, a, and ), turning speed ,
cado, ty es el esfuerzo en el punto de fluencia, K es el ndice de
stress of 250 Pa is needed, what viscosity will the material

and applied torque T. For the data given, find by referring to

consistencia
y m es el ndice de potencia. Para un fluido
de a
2-23
need to have the same behavior as the current
A.2
in Appendix
A, the
typeto of oil for which the
Pa, KThe
! 58
Pa ! sm, ymaterial
m
! at a Inc. Figure
Herschel-Bulkley
con ty ! 900
PROPRIETARY
MATERIAL
. 2006
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Limited
distribution
permitted
only

2-54 Repita
el problema 2-53 para umx ! 5 m/s. Respuesta:
shear stress
of 450 Pa?para el par de P2.71
P2.72
applied
torque
0.325itNwithout
! m. Thepermission.
oil is at 20# C.OilHint:
First
0.82,and
a) encuentre
)
film (viscosity,
teachers
educatorsuna
for relacin
course preparation. Iftorsin
you aretransmitia student using
this Manual,
you areisusing
b) 0.942
N
obtain
an expression
for Viscous
the shear stress on the surface of the
do por un embrague MR, para N platos sujetos
a laAflecha
de
2.72
concentric-cylinder
viscometer
is shown.
(Pa) 50 100 150 163 171 170 202 246 349 444
P2.75

t of Prob.
et the inpectively,
ate be &
heoretical
, in terms

2-49 La viscosidad de yalgunos ufluidos cambia cuando se

3
3
3
16.0
kN!m
; 1.63 #
kg!m
1.63
aplica 1.42
un fuerte
campo
elctrico
en 10
ellos.
Este
se
u ;fenmeno
y
y2
__
= 2 __ __2
U
hfluidos
h
h2 = 2.6 mm
conoce
como
efecto
electrorreolgico
(ER)
y
los
que
1.44
4.76
kg
Vw = 0.3 m/s
3 este tipo se conocen como
muestran
1.46un comportamiento
1a2 0.0214 kg!mde
; 1b2 rMars!rearth $ 1.75%
50 Chapter 1 Introduction
!3
3 de Bingham
fluidos
ER.
El
modelo
del
plstico
para el
Pared en movimiento
COMPILADO DE P1.48
ROBLEMAS
ISCOSIDAD
- lb3
6.44 # D
10E Vslugs!ft
; 0.622
esfuerzo cortante, el cual se expresa como t ! ty $ m(du/dy)
1.50
98.7P1.81
psia
Figure
FIGURA P2-45
se usa con amplitud para describir el comportamiento de los
sured
torqueglycerin
is 0.293flows
N $ m,
whatanisinclined,
the fluidwide
viscosity?
Liquid film of
1.52
668
lb
1.82
A
thin
down
plate
fluidos ER, debido layer
a su ofsencillez.
Una
de
las aplicaciones
!2 in of
2
thickness h
Suppose
that2; the
uncertainties
theP1.82.
experiment
are0.3
as folwith the0.6
velocity
distribution
shown
Fig.
For h !
in.
1.56
N
"
s!m
1.3
#
10
lb
"
s!ft
ms promisorias
de determine
los fluidos
ER
es elvelocity,
embrague
ER. that
Un for equi2-46 Un cuerpo en forma de cono cortado gira a velocidad
and
a
!
20",
surface
U.
Note
2the
lows:
L
(%0.5
mm),
M
(%0.003
N
$
m),
&
(%1
percent),
1.58ER 0.727
N "discos
s!m mltiples consta de varios disembrague
de
angular constante de 200 rad/s en un recipiente lleno con
librium,tpico
the
of
to the plateinsurandcomponent
ri or ro (%0.02
mm).acting
What parallel
is the uncertainty
the
!2weight
W
23.7,
2.55
#espaciados
10
cos de1.60
acero
igualmente
de radio
interior
R1 yalong the
face mustmeasured
be balanced
by
the
shearing
force
developed
viscosity?
2
de" ellos
sujetosassume
a la flecha de
entrada.
radio exterior
R2, N In
1.62
0.277
N
s!m
plate
analysis
plate
width.
P1.52surface.
The beltyour
in
Fig.
P1.522 movesaatunit
a steady
velocity V and
!5 paralelos
La
brecha
h
entre
los
discos
se
llena
con
un
lquido
V
1.64
2.05
#
10
N
"
s!m
Block contact
skims the top of a tank of oil of viscosity #, as shown. Asviscoso.
a) Encuentre
para el par de torsin
area A
1.66
1a2suming
No; 1b2auna
Notrelacin
correct
linear
velocity profile in the oil, develop a sim
Caja
generado por el embrague cuando la flecha de salida est
1.68 184
ple formula for the required belt-drive power P as a funcestacionaria y b) calcule el par!6de
un embrague
U torsin para 1!2
of (h,#L,10
V, b, kg!1m
#). What
P, in
1.70 C tion
$ 1.43
" sbelt-drive
" K 2; Spower
$ 107
K watts,
V = 1 m/s

h1 = 1 mm

P1.45

D = 12 cm

Aceite SAE 10W

whose properties
are ! " 0.003 m2/s and SG " 0.88. Esz
timate the force required to pull the shaft at a steady velocitydof
= 40.4
cmm/s.
r
P1.48 A thin plate is separated
from two fixed plates by very viscous liquids #1 and #2, respectively, as in Fig. P1.48. The
plate spacings h1 and h2 are unequal, as shown. The contact area is A between the center plate and each fluid.
(a) Assuming a linear velocity distribution in each fluid,
derive the force F required to pull the plate at velocity V.
aceite SAE 10W a 20C (m ! 0.1 Pa ! s), como se muestra en
(b) Is there a necessary relation between the two viscosiP2-46
la figura FIGURA
P2-46. Si,
especialmente en los lados, el espesor de la
ties, #1 and #2?
L = 12 cm

the inn

2.2
Assum
2.6
1.86
2.8
strume
0.010 l
2.10

the sta

when i
2.12
2.18
2.20
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.32
2.34
2.36
u moves at

!6
2 y2.5 m/s over SAE
3
is
required
if
the
belt
30W
oil
2.38
1.72 D $ 1.767 # 10 N " s!m ; B $ 1.870 # 10 K;
!4y Ly2" 2 m,
2 b " 60 cm, and h " 3 cm?
at
20C,
with
2.40
5.76 #__u 10
"hs!m
= 1.2 mm
= 2 __ N
__
U
h 2h2
2.42
1.74 0.300h N " s!m
Casco
2.44
L R2
1.76 non-Newtonian
R1
2.46
1.78 286 N
V
Moving belt, width b
0.001 in
1.80 0.0883 m!s
2.48
Flecha de entrada
Flecha de salida
2.50
1.82
0.268
ft!s
Figure
P1.82
h
Oil, depth
Placas montadas
sobre
Placas montadas
2.54
3.43 de
# entrada
10!4 lb
1.84
la
flecha
sobre el casco
*1.83
Standard
!4 air flows past a flat surface, and velocity 2.56
1.86
9.53
#
10
ft
"
lb
Campo
variable
P1.52 near
measurements
themagntico
surface indicate
the following
distribution: )
Ecuaciones
d2iferenciales
(Variables
s2eparables
!3
2.58
1.88
1a2
12.7
ft
!rev;
1b2
4.73
#
10
lb
"
s!ft
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
y 1ft2FIGURA 0.005
3
P2-49
2.60
1.87 T
1.94 2.03 # 10 psi
', base r6.37
rotat- rotating
*P1.53
of angle 23.03
u 1ft#s2 A solid
0.74 cone
1.51
10.21 (c is14.43
0, and density
3
2.62
1.96 4.14 # 10 psi
Problems 51

por un
como
xima
pelcula de aceite es de 1.2 mm, determine la potencia necesaria
ing with
initial
angular
velocity
)0 inside
conical
stancia
The coordinate
y is
measured
normal
to the
surfacea and
u is seat,
the this dev
para mantener este movimiento. Determine tambin la reducas shown
intheFig.
P1.53.(a)
The
clearance
hvelocity
is filleddistribuwith oil with an
velocity
parallel
to
surface.
Assume
the
ujo en
cin en el consumo de potencia necesario cuando la temperatumeasur
4 drag, derive an analytical extion is ofof
theviscosity
form #. Neglecting
rza de
(rair
)p
del aceite
se eleva4:41
hasta
80C (m ! 60
0.0078 Pa ! s).
ENGELra 02C
2/22/06
& ! angular
'0' velocity )(t) if there is no (a) Dev
h1 AM Page
pression
for
the
cones
1

en la Nota: El fluido cubre las reas superior, inferior y lateral
8LQ 3
el cono
effects
2-47 El sistema de embrague que se muestra enla dfigura
P2applied torque. u ! C1y & C2 y
truncado.
E
l
e
spesor
d
e
l
a
p
elcula
d
e
a
ceite
e
s
m
ismo
e
n
c
ada
u
na
d
e
(b) The
F, V
47 se usa para transmitir par de torsin mediante una pelcula Clearance
end effects
are neglected
[27].toSuppose
our the
capillary
and use aPipe
standard
curve-fitting
technique
determine
con- rotating
las reas anteriores.
h
de aceite con m ! 0.38 N ! s/m2 que est entre dos discos idnhas
r
!
2
mm
and
L
!
25
cm.
The
following
flow
rate
stants C1 and C0 2. (b) Make use of the results of part 1a2 to determine

h2
ticos
de
dimetro.
Cuando la2 flecha impulsora gira
and pressure
drop datastress
are obtained
for 1y
a!
certain
fluid:
02 and
the magnitude
of the shearing
at the
at Torque
R:
P1 = 2
70 30
W ; cm
P2 =de
249W
(t)wall
Base
a una velocidad de 1Oil450 rpm, se observa que la flecha impulsay
!
0.05
ft.
da gira a 1 398 rpm.
Chapter radius
2 Properties
of Fluids
60
Angula
r0
Suponiendo un perfil lineal de velocidad
Q, m3/h
0.36computer
0.72
1.08
PROPIEDADES DE LOS FLUIDOS
veloci
1.84
A new
drive is proposed
to 1.44
have a Oil
disc,1.80
as
2-44
Problemas
d
e
P
erfiles
d
e
V
elocidad
para la pelcula de aceite, determine el par de torsin transmishown
in
Fig.
P1.84.
The
disc
is
to
rotate
at
10,000
rpm,
and
the
Solution2-44
The
velocity
profile
of
a
fluid
flowing
though
a
circular
pipe
is
given.
The
friction
drag
force
exerted
on
the
)p, 10W
kPa a 20C
159 ! 0.1318
477 se muestra
1274 en 1851 For thi
flujo de un fluido
con viscosidad m Rpor un
R
aceite SAE
Pa0.0005
! s), como
tido. Considere el P1.48
reader
head is to be(mpositioned
in. above
the surface
of the Make u
pipe by the
fluid
in the El
flow
direction
per unitenlength
ofse
theexpresa
pipe iscomo
to be determined.
tubo
circular.
perfil
de velocidad
el tubo
la figuradisc.
P2-46.
Si,
especialmente
en
los
lados,
el
espesor
dea la
Estimate
the
shearing
force
on
the
reader
head
as
result
of
n/R
n en donde u
P1.54
thedisc
viscosity
of the
fluid?
Note: Only
the first three termine
(1 " rFlecha
u(r) !The
umxviscosity
pelcula de aceiteWhat
es deisthe
1.2
mm,
determine
la potencia
necesaria
mx es la velocidad mxima
and
the
head.
Assumptions
of),the
fluid
is constant.
Flecha
P1.49 The
shaft
in Prob.
1.47 is now fixed axially and rotated in- the air between
points
give the proper
viscosity.tambin
What is peculiar
about the
de flujo, la cualimpulsora
se tiene en la lnea
central; r es la distancia
para mantener este
movimiento.
Determine
la reducimpulsora
2
side
the is
sleeve
r/min.itsEstimate
last de
twopotencia
points, which
werecuando
measured
accurately?
Analysis radial The
wall
shear
stress
from
definition
be torque
desde
la lnea
central
y determined
u(r) ates 1500
la velocidad
de flujo(a)
entothe
cin en el consumo
necesario
la temperatu*P1.55 r.
The
Fig.
called
a la
rotating
(NDesarrolle
$ device
m) andin(b)
theP1.54
poweris(kW)
required
to disk
rotate
the shaft. P1.59 A solid cylinder of diameter D, length L, and
h density *s
cualquier posicin
una
relacin
para
fuerza
de viscometer
ra del aceite se eleva hasta 80C (m ! 0.0078 Pa ! s).
ada de
n that
n1
1laboratory
[27].
Suppose
R of
! commercial
5 cm andhnr
!
mm. If the
torque
P1.50
An
amazing
number
and
devices
Stationary
reader
head

n
u

falls
due
to
gravity
inside
a
tube
of
diameter
D
cleardu
d
r
arrastre ejercida sobre
tubo por el fluido en la
0. The
0.2-in.dia.
30 cm la pared del
max
3 mm
de 3.6 w =
= u max
1
measure
=
uat
2-47
de embrague
queD,seis muestra
en fluid
la figura
P2- * and
required
todeveloped
rotate
the=
900
is 0.537
N
" m,
haveunidad
been
todisk
ther/min
viscosity
of fluids,
as El sistemaance,
max
n longitud
n

D
+
D
,,
filled
with
of
density

direccin
del
flujo,
por
de
del
tubo.
0
dr r = R
dristheinviscosity
RProb.
n n
RRef. r27.
10,000u(r)
rpmde
ia y la
se usa para transmitir
pelcula
what
theconcentric
fluid? IfRthe
uncertainty
in47
each
described
The
rotating
= utorsin
(1-r
/Rabove
)
= R of
r = Rshaft of
max
viscosity &par
. Neglect
the
airmediante
anduna
below
the cylinder. 0.0005 i
Aceite SAE 30W
2 que est entre dos discos idnmo
se
de
aceite
con
m
!
0.38
N
!
s/m
h, of
#)flow,
$1and
percent,
what is the
overall
1.49
is an (M,
example
a isrotational
viscometer.
Let
the inNote that the quantity du /drparameter
is negative
inR,pipe
the
negative
sign
Derive a formula for the terminal fall velocity of the cylin-
aceite
n ) radii r and r , respectively,
de dimetro.
Cuando! la to!flecha
impulsora
giracylinder,
uncertainty
inumake
the
ner and
cylinders
have
uouter
(r)to
=
1 shear
r n /R
!
i the opositiveticos de 30 cm der.
is added to the w relation
for
pipes
stress in
mx (viscosity?
! your formula
case
a steel
FIGURA P2-47
P1.53
Datos: Ide
= 1 Apply
rpm,
; !"#"
= que
the
of impulsa2se
in. observa
!"#"
una
de
a
una
velocidad
450
la
flecha
*P1.56
The
device
in
Fig.
P1.56
is
called
a
cone-plate
viscometer
with
total
sleeve
length
L.
Let
the
rotational
rate
be
&
!"
!
(flow) direction a positive quantity. (Or, du /dr = - du /dy since y = R r).
D ! 2 cm, D0 ! 2.04 Rcm, L !Rotating
15 cm, with a film of SAE
ca del
da% gira
rpm.
un perfilr lineal dedisc
velocidad
The
angle
of
theRon
cone
is inner
very
so athat
sin
! a 1 398 30
(rad/s)
and
the
torque
be M.small,
Derive
oil Suponiendo
at 20C.
Then the friction drag force [27].
exerted
by
theapplied
fluid
the
surface
oftheoretical
the
ocidad
r the
para
la
pelcula
de
aceite,
determine
el
par
de
torsin
transmi%
,
and
the
gap
is
filled
with
the
test
liquid.
The
torque
M
relation
for
the
viscosity
of
clearance
fluid,
#
,
in
terms
*P1.54
A
disk
of
radius
R
rotates
at
an
angular
& 6inside
P1.60 For Prob. 1.52 suppose that P ! 0.1 hp velocity
when
V!
ft/s,
2-48
Reconsidere el problema 2-47. Con el software
pipe becomes
0
5
ecesita
tido.
0
to
rotate
the
cone
at
a
rate
#
is
measured.
Assuming
a
linof
these
parameters.
a
disk-shaped
container
filled
with
oil
of
viscosity
, as
u
mx
L
!
4.5
ft,
b
!
22
in,
and
h
!
7/8
in.
Estimate
the#visdenEES
(o
cualquier
otro
programa
de
este
tipo),

u max
uAssuming
2 a linear velocity profile
max
ear
inmax
the1.50
derive
anhoc
expression
F = w Aw el=P1.51
( 2velocity
R )theory
L =profile
2nof
upelcula
Lfluid
Use
the
Prob.
(orfilm,
derive
an el
ad
expresshown of
in the
Fig.oil,
P1.54.

cosity
in
kg/(m
"
s).
If
the
uncertainty
in
each
investigue
efecto
del
espesor
de
la
de
aceite
en

= ! shear stress on the outer

R for
viscosity
&
a function
(M, rotating
R, #, % ).at 1200 R: parameter
sionfluid
if you
like)
a shaft
8decmlaof
long,
and neglecting
V) is $1 percent,disk
whatedges,
is thederive
overpar de torsin transmitido.
Haga
quefor
el as
espesor
pelcula
Figure Flecha
P1.84 (P, L, b, h,Flecha
Therefore,
the
drag
force
per
unit
length
of
the
pipe
is

impulsora
impulsora
r/min,
with
r
"
2.00
cm
and
r
"
2.05
cm.
If
the
meaa
formula
for
the
viscous
torque
on
the
disk.
P2-44
i
o
vare desde 0.1 FIGURA
all
uncertainty
in
the
viscosity?
mm hasta 10 mm. Trace la grfica de los re*P1.61 An air-hockey puck has a mass of 50 g and is 9 cm in disultados
F / L =que
2nobtenga
u max .y exprese sus conclusiones.
2-45
Se
jala
horizontalmente
de
una
placa
plana
delgada
de
ameter. When placed on the air table, a 20C air film, of
R:
algunos fluidos cambia cuando se
2-49 La viscosidad de
3 mm
30 cm
20 cmNote
# 20that
cmthe
a 1drag
m/s force
a travs
de una
capa
de in
aceite
de
3.6is independent of the pipe
0.12-mm
thickness, forms under the puck. The puck is
Discussion
acting
on
the
pipe
this
case
diameter.
aplica un fuerte campo elctrico en ellos. Este fenmeno
se
mm

de espesor, que est entre dos placas, una estacionaria y la

struck with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Assuming a linconoce como efecto electrorreolgico (ER) y los fluidos que
Aceite
SAEair
30W
otra movindose a una velocidad constante de 0.3 m/s, como se
ear velocity distribution
in the
film, how long will it
muestran un comportamiento de este tipo se conocen como
muestra en la figura P2-45. La viscosidad dinmica del aceite
take
the
puck
to
(a)
slow
down
to
1
m/s and (b) stop comfluidos ER. El modelo del plstico de Bingham paraR el
FIGURA P2-47
es de 0.027 Pa ! s.Fluid
Suponiendo que la velocidad en cada una de
pletely?
Also,
(c)
how
far
along
this
extremely long table
esfuerzo cortante, el cual se expresa como t ! t $ m(du/dy)
las capas de aceite vara en forma lineal, a) tracey la grfica del
will
the
puck
have
traveled
for
condition
(a)?

se usa con amplitud para describir el comportamiento de los
perfil de velocidad y encuentre el lugar en donde la velocidad
P1.62
The
hydrogen
bubbles
which
produced
the
velocity pro
2-48
Reconsidere
el
problema
2-47.
Con
el
software
fluidos ER, debido a su sencillez.
Una
de
las
aplicaciones

del aceite es cero y b) determine

la fuerza que se necesita
filesb)(o
incualquier
Fig.
1.13 are
small, Dde!este
0.01tipo),
mm. If the hyR: a) de
121s
c)472m
EES
otroquite
programa
ms promisorias de los fluidos ER es el embrague ER. Un
idad
aplicar sobre la placa para mantener este movimiento.
drogen-water interface is comparable to air-water and the
investigue el efecto del espesor de la pelcula de aceite en el
embrague ER tpico de discos mltiples consta de varios discon
water temperature is 30C estimate the excess pressure
P1.56 espaciados de radio interior R y
par de torsin transmitido.
Haga que el espesor de la pelcula
cos de acero igualmente
1
within the bubble.
vare desde 0.1 mm
hasta 10 mm. Trace la grfica de los resujetos
a la flecha de entrada.
radio exterior R2, N de ellos
Pared
fija
Derive Eq. (1.37) by making a force balance on the fluid
sultados P1.63
que obtenga
y exprese sus conclusiones.
La brecha h entre los discos paralelos se llena con un lquido