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PATAPHYS ICS :
by
C H R I S T I A N BOK
a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of
York University in partial fulfillrnent of the requirements for the
degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
O
1998
Permission has been granted to the LlBRARY OF YORK
C;NIVERSITY to lend or seIl copies of this dissertation, to the
NATIONAL L18RARY OF CANADA to microfilm this dissertation
and to lend or sel1 copies of the film. and to UNIVERSITY
MICROFILMS to publish an abstract of this dissertation.
The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the
dissertation nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or
othenivise reproduced without the author's written permission.
ABSTRACT
'Pataphysics
Structured as a descriptive
the first
While
instead
a genealogy of Jarryites.
poetic irony?
PREFACE
T h e Museum of J u r a s s i c T e c h n o l o ~ si n Los A n g e l e s is a
s t r a n g e g a l l e r y , where i n c r e d i b l e v e r i t i e s i n t e g r a t e s o
p e r f e c t l y with b e l i e v a b l e u n t r u t h s t h a t a v i s i t o r m a s n o t
d e t e c t t h e p e c u l i a r s l i p p a g e from f a c t t o hoax.
Wilson, the
c u r a t o r , h a s r e b u i l t t h e Wunderkammern of m e d i e v a l a r c h i v e s ,
p r e s e n t i n g c a b i n e t s and v i t r i n e s ,
specimens:
n o t o n l y of
f u l l of b i z a r r e c u r i o s a - -
M s o t i s l u c i f u a u s ( a b a t whose s o n a r -
s y s t e m c a n be modulated t o create a p e r t u r e s t h r o u g h
s u b s t a n t i v e b a r r i e r s ) , b u t o f M e a a l o p o n e r a f o e t e n s (an a n t
c a n be c o n t r o l l e d b y f u n g a l p a r a s i t e s f o r
whose n e r v e - s y s t e m
replicative purposes).
W i l s o n does n o t s i m p l y r e p e a t t h e
grotesque s p e c t a c l e of R i p l e y , s i n c e t h e museum d o e s n o t
p r e s e n t t h e t r u t h o f the a b s u r d w i t h t h e command:
it o r n o t ! - - i n s t e a d ,
believe
t h e museum p r e s e n t s t h e t r u t h as i t s e l f
w h a t i s i t t o b e l i e v e o r not?
b e t w e e n wondering-at a n d w o n d e r i n g - w h e t h e r l - - a
g a p into
w h i c h t h i s s u r v e y w i s h e s t o i n s e r t i t s own r e a d e r .
Wilson calls
What
i n which
the disappearance of
viii
conception.
as 'pataphysics itself:
The
artifice, this
nomic rigor
survey
each
The a r b i t r a r y
that
J u s t as the anachronism of
xiii
Notes to Preface
there,
' ~ r ~ s t a l l o ~ r astrives
~hy
to achieve a state of
from the focal point of a single lens, if not from the acute
angle of a poetic word:
xiv
'vaneigeln must admit t h a t , when active rather than
passive, such nihilism does evoke revolutionary sensi-
bilities:
"Nietzsche's[
...]i r o n y L . 1 ,
sciousness with[
. . . ]a
Jarry's Umour[
...]investing
...]--
human con-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
iv
Preface
vi
xiv
Millenial 'Pataphysics:
The Poetics of an Imaginary Science
Italian Futurism:
A 'Pataphysics of Machinic Exception
French Oulipianism:
A 'Pataphysics of Mathetic Exception
Texts Cited
1
Science and Poetrs:
(Jarry 1 9 6 5 : 3 9 )
(Bernstein 1 9 9 4 : 1 0 5 )
Quasi-Healities
A secret cabal
with no resistance:
The
Each memory of an
u"(an
.'
(1983:18)
ur
We too fulfill
practice an anti-philosophp-what
es
it is more virtual
stay real.
of
(1994a:l).
Things
It i n h a b i t s t h e t e n s e of t h e
f u t u r e p e r f e c t , o f t h e post modo--a
paradoxical t e m p o r a l i t y ,
The U r o f S c i e n c e
t h a n augmentative, r e p l a c i n g r e a l i t y i n s t e a d o f accent i n g
r e a l i t y , a n d ironically t h e science t h a t studies auch a
supplement i s i t s e l f a supplement.
I t is " t h e science of
An auxiliary
Both
increased our esteem for the lie and wherever the tyranny of
reason has increased our esteem for the mad.
Both thinkers
'Pataphysics not
only studies exception, but has itself become an exception-d i s m i s s e d and neglected despite its influence and relevance
d e s c r i b e as 'pataphysical in nature.
What irony:
'pataphysics has
This
'pataphysics itself.
No s u c h discipline exists.
What
Such a cesual
Such a casual
Like the
opaque b o x " ( 1 9 1 - 1 9 2 ) .
Not philosophy,
It encourages
a promiscuous
casual &&ementialitg
of our
This
change.
If this survey t h r e a t e n s to
it is the
The
10
Exceptions, after all, can resort to an assortment of
modalities:
deviance (clinamen).
' Pataphysics ,
s u c h a scientific metaphysics:
world of science.
truth?
Surrationalism is t h u s j u s t as exceptional as it is
'pataphysical, defining a regime for the avant-garde, not
Bachelard suggests
Every
No
itself.
It
but
"only a
1' l ~ a t a ~ h v s i cof
s
Metaphysics is a supreme
13
centre--the
"[hlere
The Ur of Historv
Beginnings:
with a swerve.
If poetry has
validity.
might cal1 le ~ a s s d
d k ~ s s s d( 27 ) , a museum of error, where
time can cause any concept to becorne as quaint as a
metaphor . 2
When t r a c i n g
scientie.
The word
program:
What Deleuze
it is deployed
A nomad science is a
error).
exclusive.
16
1984:60),
innovation of what tyotard calls a p a r a l o ~( ~
A failure in one
Scientific revolutions
Interdiction
t h i n g s as u n d e c i d a b 1 e s l . J - - i s
as[ . . . ] p a r a d o x i c a l " ( 6 0 ) .
yearns t o v a l i d a t e i t s e l f , o n l y l e a r n s t o invalidate i t s e l f .
No l o n g e r d o e s science r a t i o n a l i z e i t s t r u t h so much as
relativize i t s t r u t h .
' in
which a
(64).
S c i e n c e g r a p h s a r h i z o m a t i c f l o w c h a r t of stratif ied
t r a j e c t o r i e s , a n a g o n i s t i c forcef i e l d o f d i v e r s i f i e d
c a t a s t r o p h e s , some o f w h i c h c o l l i d e w i t h each other, some of
incornmensurate change.
They facilitate
Like
science is n e v e r neutral.
"the s c h o l a r
not the
...]imposes
the very
Whereas p o e t r y h a s
the
Each phase
During
22
they are
Knowing such a
Such an
Each
Truth
24
The lapis ~ h i l o s o ~ h o r u m
is a
Alchemy becomes
The lapis of
The n o b l e metal of
al1 t h i n g s by n o t understanding[...)(bomo
non intelliaendo
25
fit omnia)" (130).
To be an alchemist is to
(1973:58).
and no man's
wit/ Can well direct him, where to looke for it" (335).
N o t until the
Epistemic errors
Science in its
Knowing such a
27
d i s p l a y s a l 1 t h e i r modes o f i d e n t i t y a n d a l t e r i t y .
Such a
The evidence o f
A l 1 t e x t s have their
d i v i n e power of n a t u r e .
s c i e n c e i n o r d e r t o s t a t e a n y objective v e r i t i e s .
for example, argues t h a t , poet i c a l l y
w d l e x p r e s ' d or a m p l i f y ' d ,
Sprat,
" T r u t h 1s n e v e r so
Truth is t h e b e s t
The sage
"O might'st
mighty theme," particularly "when but a f e w / Of the deepstudying race can stretch their minds/ To w h a t he knew"
(1853:337).
29
democratic.
really beautiful which has not truth for its basis" (25).
To fulfill a didactic mandate, poetry must l e a r n its truth
directly from the mineral, the v e g e t a l , and the bestial. 9
flirtation:
...]is
to i n l i s t
. . . lphilosophy"
1791 :v)
The catalogue
(164).
Science in
Such an economy of
31
(16).
32
Wordsworth claims t h a t " [ t l h e r e m o t e s t discoveries o f
t h e C h e m i s t , t h e B o t a n i s t , o r M i n e r a l o g i s t , will be as
p r o p e r o b j e c t s o f t h e ~ o e t ' sart[.
..] i f
but
For Huxley, s u c h
l a b o u r c a n n o t compete w i t h t h e c a p i t a l v a l u e s o f u t i l i t y
(1948:49)--thus
art" ( 1 5 7 ) .
k n o w l e d g e , c r e a t i n g pseudo-statements t h a t c a n , according t o
truth.
Two Cultures" ( 2 ) .
dispute, the two cultures resemble each other most when the
noetic clarity of reasoning and the poetic opacity o f
imagining approach t h e sublimity of the ineffable (1963:14).
(15-18) .ll
The C s b o r ~ a n i s m i c P h a s e
34
it
is not the same body, and hence the same desire, which is
behind the one and the other" (5); nevertheless, "science
will becorne literature, insofar as literature [
...] is
Such
35
but the reason for these reasons.
it an aporia, a c h i s s m , or a s w e r v e *
The advent
The science of
structural, semiologic , or c y b e r n e t i c l3
36
the excesses of such metastasis evoke the flidouille o f Ubu:
"['p]ataphysics
...]of
...]is
one of
(1990:28).
multiplying indefinitely"
[...Iradiates
Science now
"[sJuch would
gf
Do
37
about the existence of existence itself)?
In the face of
As
..]gesture
which
( 116).
Pseudo-Sciences
in order to
...Iwhich may
Science in such
(23).
ansthina noes"
J u s t as biodiversity can
science,
39
to ignore t h e r u l e , but to adopt its opposite" ( 2 3 ) in order
"to make the weaker case the stronnerl...land
t h e r e b v to
Als Ob.
"reality[
...]is
c o m ~ a r e dwith something
inconsequence.
tu t h e question what i f .
misreading that shows the real and the true to be quasi and
pseudo--free, that is, to be something e l s e ?
40
The slightness of t h i s
The
t h e anomalos, t h e s u z ~ ~ i aor
, t h e clinameq) i n order to make
t h e weaker c a s e , t h e stronger--almost
as i f to s a y t h a t
from Tlon.
Notes to Chanter 1
The
ur t h u s embodies
a paradox o f s i m u l a t i o n , whose
s t r u c t u r e i m p l i e s t h a t , a t t h e origin, n o o r i g i n e x i s t s , but
t h e dream of an o r i g i n .
' ~ a n ~ u i l h e r observes
n
t h e t " t h e history of s c i e n c e
i s t h e h i s t o r y of a n abject[. ..]that
has a
-
is
a h i s t o r y and [that]
h i s t o r y , w h e r e a s s c i e n c e i s the s c i e n c e of a n o b j e c t
t h a t is n o t a history [ a n d ] t h a t h a s
history" (25-26).
F o r s c i e n c e , t r u t h is p r e s c i e n t ,
production.
T h e h i s t o r y of t r u t h shows t h a t a persistent
42
It is
first, it
Every science,
onne ne
...]t h e
Donne
The
44
[...)/
orce ce
The
U n i v e r s i t y o f California, 1 9 6 6 ) .
For poets i n f l u e n c e d by
Newton's
Newton
Archon, 1 9 4 6 ) .
45
he argues
although science i s
f i g u r e for the c o r r u p t i o n of s i m u l a t i o n .
Shelley i m p l i e s
t h a t s c i e n c e , n o t poetry, i s t h e r e p l i c a of a n error t h a t
threatens t o r e p l a c e t h e t r u t h o f t h e o r i g i n .
46
...]c o r r e s p o n d s
.. ]
Each new
responses[
....]
This
c o m b i n a t i o n t a k e s p l a c e only i f the p l a t i n u m i s p r e s e n t ;
...]
The mind o f t h e
...1,
. . ]noises of
48
1 5 ~ e y e r a b e n dwrites:
We
might thus imagine that al1 absurd concepts merely await the
proper context for their errors to be redeemed as t r u t h s .
49
Millenial 'Patavhssics:
(Jarry:1989:106)
with a test-tube."
(Lennon, McCartney 1 9 7 0 )
....]
speed to l/infinity
(Jirgens 1986:S)
'pataphysics as
if
how he lived is
more a r t f u l
yet
Not only
As
' l ~ a t a ~ h ~ s i ~aw-swipe"
cal
(Hale
145 )
51
which a 'pataphysician, might conjure a reality to explore-almost as if "[tlhe world was simply an immense ship"
helm.
ur
of simulation (1990:80)e
As McCaffery
"[bleyond
fabricative point:
52
explores.
A Scizntific Classicism
al1 three attacking the quiddity of both the real and the
true in order to show t h a t , when f a c e d w i t h relativistic
perspectives, "[ulniversal assent is [an] incomprehensible
prejudice" (1965:192).
53
science through the dramaturgie performance of a mechanical
experiment.
the
mechanism built from glass-tubes, rubber-sheets, and waterjets (1959:103); the latter machine distorting the work of
Kelvin, who must explain the mechanical tropes of solar
convection by referring to a mechanism built from paddlewheels, screw-gears, and pulley-winches
(1889:379).
54
intensity.
"the
Even in
A Scientific Radicalism
al1 of them.
...]suspends
"the
al1 values" ( 1 9 8 4 : 1 0 4 ) .
"[bJecause of
"[ilt
allows each
of halfhearted compliance:
"although democracy o r
it.
Since
The
58
does Jarry combine the noetic and the poetic into a genre
that questions al1 epistemological prerequisites.
For Jarry
absolutely no escape[
...]into
...]flawedi. . . ] , and
the sensory
(1989:105).
"he
60
for a l 1 o t h e r s .
archipelago of monolithic l i g h t h o u s e s - s t r a n g e
islands with
"for moles[...],
i n f r a r e d rays" (201)
" l n 3 0 waves
lamp.
For e v e r y s o l a r truth of
so also
desire to escape
cancelling nor
62
Dufresne o b s e r v e s t h a t " t h e s h e e r c o i n c i d e n c e [ . . . ]
which c o n j o i n s d e c o n s t r u c t i o n t o [ ' J p a t a p h y s i c s i s worth
f u r t h e r examination" ( 2 9 ) s i n c e "it is h e r e [ . . . ] t h a t
&,
i n o r d e r to d e c i d e w h e t h e r t h i s o r t h a t
a c r i t i q u e of t h e f a c u l t y o f knowledge i s s e n s e l e s s :
how
Nietzsche thus
Sandomir has e v e n g o n e on t o
63
Daumal even
64
[ w J hence
simulation:
J ~ l u tmetaphssics
T h e Ethernitv of Faustroll
ur
of simulation.
Ethernity resembles a
fork"
248 )
Just as
66
Each port of
...]brought
Such images p r o v i d e a
67
(1989:106).
"'
infernal "Troll,
.'
J u s t as Jarry
68
future entwined[...]in
...],
prophesied therein" ( 1 9 6 5 : 2 4 5 ) .
i t s hvpertext of influence--a
While Lear
...]illustrates
"[tlhis
hou difficult it is to
For
conceptions.
He suggests that, if
70
609 )
whose
e x p l o d e d d r o p l e t s a r e not w e t a n d s o f t , b u t d r y and h a r d ,
l i k e diamonds.
even a r a i n d r o p c a n c o n t a i n s microcosm,
"a globe, t w i c e h i s
...], was
magnified" (195).
The
of t h e t a n g e n t i a l p o i n t of t h e u n i v e r s e [ .
.. ] , m a g n i f y i n g
its
f a b u l o u s c e n t e r t t (195)--in t h i s case, t h e a l i b i f o r a
phantasmal solipsism:
t h e image o f man h i m s e l f .
"the f a i t h i n s c i e n c e ,
of
t h e f a c t t h a t t h e [ . . . ]d a n g e r o u s n e s s o f
truth,'
of
(1974:281).
'the w i l l t o
72
will to error.
takes on the
Anomalos:
the
will to disrupt.
frightfulness:
certain o r d e r :
"
BO
Rules do n o t
Rules
"Illet us bewere of
saying that there are laws in nature" for "[tlhere are only
necessities" (1974:168)--there
mutiny.
is no decree, no thrall, no
therefrom t h a t i t w i l l ever be t h u s [ .
. .] , this
is true o n l y
Rules must e f f a c e
The science
studies w h a t l o g i c exempts.
F o r t dramatizes t h i s p r i n c i p l e of variance i n a k i n d of
' p a t a p h y s i c a l e n c y c l o p a e d i a , whose itinerary bombards i t s
1s not
.'
statistical field[
longer know[
.. . J t r a n s g r e s s i o n "
( 1990: 2 6 )
modulations which no
For metaphysics,
76
The anomalos is a
t h e formation of the
whose element of
Sszsaia:
S V Z Y R ~is
~
s y z y g y of
the chiasm.
the
77
will to confuse.
Jarry
may
The
J a r r y uses the s ~ z v ~ to
i a describe the synthesis of the
(l965:245).
The
78
such a binary relation and its plenary opposite.
The s y z y g y
It assumes the
Plus-and-Minus ( 2 ) .
representation.
the nomad koan, not the royal word, into its student.
The
device spins about its axis along a line that does not trace
out the c r o s s of the l a w so much as c r o s s out al1 trace of
the law:
every
one of your
The
79
argue that the physicks-stick is a crank-shaft for a timemachine, whose syzygy reveals that "there are neither nights
As
Jarry argues:
- X)"
(l993:3l ) .
While "[gletting this idea into your head will h e l p you get
a firm footing in ['IPataphysics" ( 3 1 1 , such an idea has
IF
H i s "tautological rnonosyllable,"
Not simply
81
Does n o t Faustroll p r o p o s e a t h e o r y o f
The s ~ z y ~ si i am p l y ensures t h a t s u c h
a m b i g u i t y i s p r e s e r v e d in a w o r l d where w e can no l o n g e r
d i s t i n g u i s h between r e a l i t y and i l l u s i o n .
Clinamen:
The P r i n c i p l e o f Deviance
C l i n a m e n i s t h e t h i r d declension o f e x c e p t i o n :
d e c l i n e of t h e s w e r v e .
i n a s y s t e m t h a t v a l u e s the f a t e o f c o n t r i v a n c e - - i t
the w i l l t o digress.
the
serves
J a r r y rnay b o r r o w t h i s n o t i o n f r o m a
c l a s s i c a l c o n t e x t ( t h e c l i n a m e n i n Lucretius, o r e v e n t h e
that
The c l i n a m e n i s s i m p l y t h e
no f a t e .
N o t u n l i k e t h e s p i r a l o f Ubu o r t h e v o r t e x of
82
...], they
force.
a laminar trajectory.
inf initum:
ad
sey,
science
D e r r i d a implies,
...]would
l i b i d i n a l rebellion:
be
so much as
become:
change.
84
No
As
its
The
and effect:
itself.
a solution.
sense is not
In
essence,
Deleuze
87
itself" (1990:lZl).
regime o f t h e i r answers.
solution.
88
Nietzsche asks:
aimed at[
282).
...]deception,
simulation, delusion" ( 1 9 7 4 : 2 8 1 -
W h y not move
The
Notes t o C h a ~ t e r2
l ~ i e t z s c h eaffirms that
"
[ i ] t is[
. ..]a d i f f i c u l t
an entirely different world from the one thst man does, and
(1979:86).
'~arr~
like
,
Nietzsche, implies that truth is a
sacred pharos, whose foundation rests upon a l e g a c y of both
' ~ a r rimplies
~
that, from the viewpoint of the
Ubermensch, evolution is a Sisypheen task not for a humanity
that must s o l v e the futile problems of the species, but for
survival itself:
"Darwinism:
91
At
At the
relativityl.
Nietzsche
...]
existence p e r c e p t i b l e t o us is t h e product o f e x c l u s i o n ,
there i s n o t h i n g that i s perceptible t o u s t h a t really is"
(7).
b i s t e v a argues t h a t t h e s u b j e c t c o n f r o n t s
poetic anomaly in either one of two ways:
f i r s t , by
93
'~~otard
describes the turning-bar in a manner
that recalls the physick-stick, insofar as both types of
line-segment spin around their own a x i s according to a
non-Boolean logic in a non-Euclidean space--"a movement
yielding the following three properties:
Sandomir argues:
As
8 os se-de-~a~e
utters a "tautological
"Bosse-de-
(196).
Bosse-de-Nage
"Ha ha"
(1987:370).
As McCaffery argues:
"[a]toms[...]
are m e t a -
[...]and
95
Whereas royal
"The
that of compounds.
In the s a m e
way,
fact iteelf:
These
involuntarily altered
or b e t t e r y e t :
t h a t the
Italian Futurism:
(Baudrillard 1 9 9 6 b A 1 3 )
e jaculated
French Symbolists.
For Marinetti,
(la
"[w]e
cooperate
conversation^'^ (96).
"
99
...]--is
more
he
1s it not possible
is the
car aroundl
...], and
(1991:48).
The
pass(ism-
''[ploetry must
101
bicycles:
An
102
tropes.
(1991:83). Evoking t h e s t o r y o f
Like a d a n g e r o u s supplement t h a t
a m a c h i n i c t o o l i n the f u t u r e augments,
then r e p l a c e s , a n a n t h r o p i c limb i n t h e p a s t .
F u t u r i e m must p r a c t i c e
103
destroying not only standards for performance, but also
vandalizing masterpieces:
debris)
.'
...]an
As
instrument
%O,'
but tfrom"'
Whether Italian
realism itself).
378 )
in turn becomes.
106
evasive history of warfare without any unilinear intention.
.'
ie.
"
'Pataphysics
speculations.
Paradigms in Collision
Its f u n c t i a n
(1994b:118).
The
109
uncorrelated occurrences--their ability to collide on a whim
into a potential infinity of exceptional permutations:
"[ilt is the Accident that gives form to life, it is the
Accident[ . . . ]that is the sex of l i f e " ( 1 1 3 ) .
is "[tlhe only strategy[
...]o f
T h e accident
if we
.'
Indeed,
110
Jarry and Ballard in both cases depict a statesman's
Both kinds
111
drives.
interesting[
. . . ) than human
psychology" ( 106 )
"motors,
Futurism imagines an
Duchamp).
What such
' pataph~sicianshave
called "bachelor
Such an
(la
The
the upper
113
depicting the Bachelors (built from Malic Moulds attached to
an array of diverse devices:
Just as Jarry
(Anastasi 8 8 ) .
" 1 was
for love of
114
Carrouges has suggested that such a science plots the
fantastic inversion of an Oedipal dynamic, s i n c e the B r i d e ,
not the Bachelor, a c t s as a saderotic superego that tortures
a masochist id ( 1 9 5 4 : 4 5 ) ; however, Szeemann o b s e r v e s that
" t h e Bachelor Machiner.
. . ]as
Carrouges
"[a]
automatic:
birth[
.. . ] ,
115
a chimeric problem:
a ( d i s)simulation.
"we have to
116
device destroy nature through a war (as weaponry does);
instead, s u c h a device entraps nature through an art--the
deception of simulation:
being itself less strong than they are, and making real this
monstrosity:
reversible:
... ] duplicitous
. . . jemotional
perspective" ( I O 8 ) .
Such an imagination
Deleuze and Guattari argue that, because "[dlesiringmachines work only when they break down, and by continually
like a clinamen:
. . . ]in
118
software of al1 our logic" (1995:7).
Noise is intrinsic to
cannot hear its own noise, let alone its own words, because
its contradiction:
Noise
...]are
essential
' pataphysical
values, equating le rurnore with the novelty of snomalyhence, we see the use of onomatopoeia in the poetry of
Marinetti, who mimics the kind of symphonic cacophony that
varied noises that pure sound, with its littleness and its
monotony, now fails to arouse any emotion" ( 5 )
...],
120
Like
121
devices to convey a narrative meaning, but uses s u c h meaning
as an excuse to deploy innovative d e v i c e s .
if such work is
"
Khlebnikov
122
it is one of the forms of collective creativity and may t h u s
be hailed as a desirable assistance to the artist" (381-
382).
la
2 0 , 0 0 0 revolutions per
123
devices t h a t promise to break the second leu of thermodynamics through an infinitized expenditure of energy.
12
a bicycle-tesm
and an
s u c h a race
124
the mechanism in the hyperspace of an alternate dimension.
While Jarry may indulge in ' p a t a p h y s i c a l speculations about
t h e manufacture of such a bachelor machine, the device c a n
...]appreciate
this
.. .] a
t r a v e l l i n g i n tirne" ( 3 6 - 3 7 )
Cinema
jump-cut o r a s t o p - t r i c k
126
forward v e c t o r s w e r v e s i n t o a backward v o r t e x ( p a r t i c u l a r l y
when w e consider t h a t ,
f o r q u a n t u m p h y s i c s , e v e n maximized
speeds p r o m i s e t o d i v e r g e i n t o a n i n v o l u t e d t h e o r y ) .
If one
t r a v e l s v e r y fast ( b u t n o t a b o v e t h e l i m i t o f l i g h t ) , one
t r a v e l s i n t o t h e f u t u r e , but i f o n e t r a v e l s e v e n f a s t e r
(
bevond t h e l i m i t o f l i g h t )
o n e t r a v e l s into t h e p a s t .
Jarry a r g u e s t h a t s u c h t i m e - t r a v e l
t h e s u r r e a l i t y o f t h e as i f :
occurs o n l y w i t h i n
" t h e M a c h i n e can r e a c h t h e
r e a l P a s t o n l y a f t e r h a v i n g passed t h r o u g h t h e F u t u r e " s i n c e
" i t must go t h r o u g h a p o i n t s y m m e t r i c a l t o o u r P r e s e n t , a
d e a d c e n t e r b e t w e e n f u t u r e a n d p a s t , a n d w h i c h can b e
d e s i g n a t e d p r e c i s e l y a s t h e I m a b i n a r ~P r e s e n t "
(1965:121).
t o o u r P r e s e n t a n d w h i c h is i n e f f e c t t h e r e v e r s i b i l i t y o f
the F u t u r e " ( 1 2 1 )
b a c k w a r d , r e v i s i t i n g t h e past, as i f "[dluration i s t h e
t r a n f o r m a t i o n o f a s u c c e s s i o n i n t o a reversion" (121).
127
involution of time into the event i t s e l f f f (1990:17).
Such a
sense:
the[
in one[...],
...]curve
this:
128
and whirling electrons"; after all, ltwe are not interested
For
...], we
oppose, in a r t , that
Futurism
it is a surprise-machine.
Marinetti
The Italian
Rossiyansky
...]where
Graal-Arelsky observes in
130
perspect ivism.
'pataphysics:
Notes to Chapter 3
only i n the
132
be it a missile or a
free.
...,] not
(1997:93).
allard rd
h r r y writes:
Jesus
(1965:122).
starter.
..]
Jesus[...]had
. . .] .
134
"
[ t ] he celibate
135
9 ~ y o t a r dsuggeste that s u c h machines valorize the
incommensurabilities of the paralogical and the paradoxical,
dissimilarst' ( 1990:49).
Ironically
136
'l~uturism suggeats t h a t j u s t as Marconi might use
the radio to set words free from the limits of the voice in
both space and time so also does M a r i n e t t i use t h e
" f r e e s p e e c h ' of parole i n l i b e r t k t o speed up h i s words t o
new motion) ( 1 9 7 5 : 7 2 ) .
137
13~hershenevich
observes that , " [ i ]n a long chain
of images, where one is linked to the other like clockwork
gears, there is only one criterion for success:
(151).
H = -k B
For Boltzmann:
pi logZ p i .
S = -k E pi log p i .
For Shannon:
between these two equations might imply that the laws of the
physical-universe correlate the dissipativeness of a system
138
157'inguely suggests that the operator o f every
b a c h e l o r machine must ultimately corne to understand the
'pataphysics of such metamorphic machination, embracing t h e
I f we stand s t i l l , w e
controversies.
change.
and loathesome.
We are a l 1 o f t h e s e anyway.
it by accepting movement." ( H u l t e n 6 7 )
Let us admit
139
French Oulipianism:
(Oulipo) i n t e n d s to do
(Oulipo 1986:27)
dissertation is insane."
(RACTER [36])
Machinic Mathesis
littgrature potentielle) 1 respond to the avant-garde pseudoscience of Jarry by inflecting the mathetic intensities of
numerological forms, arguing that exception results from the
constraint of programs.
the machinic
literature.
Such an axiomatic
Such an avant-garde
is, of
potentialities?" (Oulipo 1 9 8 6 : 5 0 ) .
Reminiscent
As Taylor remsrks:
philosophy t h a t he calls
Such a
To
after all,
undervalue reason:
deduced[
...],
wilfull naPvet&:
i e n c e of
(1986a:51).
145
rgcherches surr&alistes.
W h i l e A r t a u d might argue t h a t s u c h
a B u r e a u m u s t r e i n t e r p r e t i n s p i r a t i o n , a c c o r d i n g to "an
order t h a t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o e l u c i d a t e by t h e methods o f
differ f r o m t h e p r o j e c t of O u l i p o .
W h i l e A r t a u d i n s i s t s t h a t S u r r e a l i s m m u s t f o l l o w no f o r m u l a
(106),
formula:
"the goal o f ~ o t e n t i a l l i t e r a t u r e is t o f u r n i s h
c h a r t s (for t h e sake o f a f u t u r e d r e a m ) .
Just as F u t u r i s m
m a y s u b s c r i b e t o a b e l i e f i n t h e automatism o f writing;
surreal mistake.
virtuality of an as i f - - t h e
disbelief).
bureaucratized oneirocriticism.
Influence
147
what Lionnais calls synthouli~ism (the synthesis of a future
potentia1)--but
suggests,
A s Lionnais
have[. ..]surrealist[...
impossible hypothesis:
j u s t as Queneau studies t h e
What the
Such a
ie.
measurement of uncertainty
1--remains incalculable.
marvelous syntheses" ( 9 9 : l l .
x serve to achieve
-,
"
[ w ]r i t i n g
Just as
150
Queneau, for example, wilfully misreads the Euclidean
exercises of Hilbert (who speculates that geometric terms
may be nothing more than cognates for grammatic terms:
e v e r y atomic point
ie.
"[elvery
Such an
Like an
151
grammatic).
by
( 1) . 6
What applies,
...]a r e
[ c ] o n s t r a i n t s are treated[
. ..]as aberrations"
( 1986: 9 8 1 ,
i n t h e pragmatics c f a l 1 constraint:
not an
What is
The exception
example:
...]being
Even though a
.. .]it
...]a
rich,
155
law about law nevetheless dramatizes a perverse allegory
"JO
l n e should beware
or the random s e r i e s of
While the
mandatory:
157
itself supremely arbitrary) (1990:151).
What is surreal
iveness:
199Oa:145 )
145). 9
"[w]riting[...,]
158
uncertain.
The science of
' pataphysics
Baudrillard
159
hypothetical alternatives:
it is merely a "p~tentiality.'~
constraints is established, there must also be anticonstraint within it" (Hotte 1986276).
puzzle ( 1 9 8 7 : 4 9 7 ) .
a l 1 equally probable"
What is
if,
to problematic formalities.
~gnabou
~ g n a b o urepeats the
that it i s
162
acting as atomic diagrams by which to classify the results
of poetic prograns ( ~ n a b o u1 9 8 6 :4 6 )
J u s t as Hendele jef f
Such analysis
(93).
the former
of a text.
it is a mode1 product
163
B a u d r i l l a r d observes that, in the case of Structura,
it forces language i n t o
...]it"
S U P P O ~ ~
(1993a:218).
164
sense when read left to right, line by line; instead, he
(1985:[7]).
l'&crin:
(1985:[28]).
Rather than
pain).
What
."
bachelor engine:
Like
Thomas
A t e x t i s no longer
167
Oulipo imagines that such a cybernetic literature of
anagrammatic permutations might realize the dresm of Borges
and create a garden of forking paths-an
interactive
t h e as if of multiple if t h e n s .
What Queneau
Such
168
s i n g l e reader, reading one a second, must survive for more
Such
Such a book is
What takes
virtuality:
The
It too is m e r e l y an
in
169
of[
...]virtualities"
vastness[.
finally[
...]b e g i n
sorts o f areas" ( 4 9 - 5 0 ) .
"effect[
...]of
to cornputers we can
"being, like
' ]pataphysicallytt( 50 ) .
M a t h e t i c Machines
170
"[tlhe true
garde work to free its circuits when they are choked by too
long a production of classicism" (13).
insofar as
171
language does not depict the world of the as is so much as
create the world of the as if:
creationsl
. . . ] should
. . .] prostheses"
Its creativity
The
... ]succeed[s]
1986:50).
Notes to C h a ~ t e r4
Rather
first.
. ..] is
the
174
'~arinetti writes:
"[m]y
love of precision[
...]
(110).
consider, for
g a m b l i n g ( a s i s t h e c a s e f o r P a s c a l 1 j u s t as t h e o r i e s a b o u t
letters h a v e o f t e n s p r u n g f rom p o i e t i c r e c r e a t i o n s ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e l i n g u i s t i c s o f word-jumbling
c a s e for S a u s s u r e 1 .
( a s i s the
the a b d u c t i v e r e a s o n i n g o f s t a t i s t i c s i n o r d e r t o e s p l a i n
t h e a t o m i s t i c q u a l i ties t h a t d e f ine their o b j e c t o f s t u d y .
'combinatorics can be u s e d t o p e r f o r r n a l g e b r a i c
o p e r a t i o n s u p o n two o r more m a t r i c e s , m a p p i n g concrete
e l e m e n t s f r o m o n e set o n t 0 t h e a b s t r a c t s t r u c t u r e o f a n o t h e r
set, m a n i p u l a t i n g t h e i r e l e m e n t s i n o r d e r t o p r o d u c e one o f
three k i n d s o f C a r t e s i a n p r o d u c t :
s u r j e c t i v e ( a t least one
176
k u l e r , f o r example, proposes a f e i o u s problen of
configuration:
g i v e n two s e t s , e a c h w i t h ten d i f f e r e n t
e l e m e n t s , d i s t r i b u t e a l 1 o f them i n t o a 1 0 x 10 g r i d such
t h e t e a c h ce11 c o n t a i n s only t w o e l e m e n t s , one from each
set, w h i l e no r a n k o r file c o n t a i n s more than o n e e l e m e n t
from e i t h e r s e t .
s t r u c t u r e of h i s mode d'emploi,
housing cornplex:
Nowhere is
t h i s r e l a t i o n more explicit t h a n i n t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e
a n a l o g y , an economy between two m e t a p h o r s , t h e r e l a t i o n of
their relations.
Both mathema a n d p o i e s i s i n v o l v e t h e u s e
of a r a t i o , a method o f r e a s o n ( s o t o speak), t h a t m e a s u r e s
t h e r e l a t i o n between two m e a s u r e s ( i n t h i s case t h e
m e t a p h o r i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n mathema a n d p o i e s i s
itself:
161
1990: 1 4 7
The
suspended disbelief:
178
% l o t t e a r g u e s t h a t , when a p p l i e d t o t h e a n a g r a n ,
t h e p o t e n t i a l s o f such a c l i n a m e n r e i f y t h e v e r y c o n s t r a i n t
that they evade:
s y s t e m a t i z e d as a f u n c t i o n o f t h e s y s t e m so t h a t t h a t what
i s p a r a l o g i c a l i n one s c i e n c e becomes p a r a d i g r n a t i c i n
another:
12Within m a t h e m a t i c s , w e m i g h t c o n t r a s t t h e r o y a l
S t r u c t u r a of H i l b e r t w i t h t h e nomad S t r u c t u r e of M a n d e l b r o t :
We might also c o n t r a s t t h e r o y a l S t r u c t u r a o f
R u s s e l l w i t h t h e nomad S t r u c t u r e of G8del:
t h e former,
seeking t o p o r t r a y c a t e g o r i c a l p a r a d o x as a b e r r a n t to s e t
theory; t h e l a t t e r , s e e k i n g t o elaborate c a t e g o r i c a l p a r a d o x
as i n h e r e n t t o set t h e o r y .
179
%ift
writes:
The
He then
they appeared upon the frame; and where they found three or
four words together that might make part of a sentence, they
dictated to the[ ...]scribes[....]"
(148-150).
"[wlhen my electrons
Such a
as
180
1 5 ~ u e n e a uhas e v e n cited Turing in order to state
The d i a l o g u e between t h e
181
Canadian "Pata~hvsics: A 'Pataphssics of Mnemonic Exception
unconscious.
( Wershler-Henry
1994: 6 6 )
The
Canadian tlPataphys
ic ians have i n c l uded s u c h poets as
Canadian
Wersbler-Henry
183
legacy of Jarry may have served only to install the ubiquity
of his own centrality.
"~ataphysical field
Canadian
...]occurs
almost
Quotidian Quotation
Wershler-Henry observes
t h e Toronto Research
' pataphysics
185
i m ~ o s e dupon Canadians by a European avant-garde, but a l s o
The
"the quotation[
...]of
the given
placelessness:
The open
quote
To quote truth in
186
never-commencing discourse" (302)--a science without a fixed
ground for generalization, only a f l u i d field for
specialization:
This is
careful to avoid.
kind of mnemonic
Irrational Thinktanks
187
studied by irrational thinktanks:
cartels that
.'
~revhon
Unlike
"these
(10-11).
189
mankind from[
...]set
Rather than
Paris"; not rose seeds, but "Grow Your Own Stein P o e m , " etc.
Such a project does not celebrate a functional technology so
much as satirize the linguistic dysfunction of the object
is ONE
Rational Geomancu
-
takes place in what Wurstwagen calls "the oscillating noplace of speculative geology" (1980:150).
Wershler-Henry
191
observes that such paleology represents a "lexical chain
that runs through the strata of Csnadian "Pataphysics like a
vein of precious m e t a l , linking disparate elements in
intriguing ways" (68).
. . . ]to
reorganize
...]engagement
realignment of topographies.
To be a rational
192
1 ines that separate reason f rom unreason , realigning the
nationalist cartography of both a t e r r a i n and its culture.
Whereas a
Wurstwagen
itself.
The
...]and
The
Al1 writing
194
Canadian "Pataphysicians suggest that such a vacuscript
coincides with 'pataphysics itself, insofar as its imaginary
solutions code their own existence into the form of their
own non-existence.
at first, the
(149).
A s Dewdney
l i s ] in
Probable Ssstems
Science
. . .)wish
to suppress this l i n e o f
lexical field.
Nichol demonstrates,
"6 + 1 t 9
15 + 16
"44," c a n be
S''--the
cipher for
198
Such a
' p a t a p h y s i c a l m a t h e m a t i c s i r n p l i e s t h a t t e x t s d o n o t transmit
m e s s a g e s so much as encode the value for some h y p o t h e t i c a l
l e t t e r ( w h i c h i s i t s e l f some a s t r o n o r n i c a l number) f a r beyond
t h e l i m i t s o f the s t a n d a r d alphabet:
"Remembrances O f
c o n s p i r a c y o f mnemonic oddities:
m i s r e a d s a roadrnap p r i n t e d o n a c o u r t e s y p l a c e m a t from a
m o t e l i n Winnipeg, interpreting the c h a r t as a n a r r a y o f
" a l p h a b e t i c routings w i t h i n w h i c h messages are contained"
( 1990 :25 )
.'
a r c h a e o l o g i c a l r u i n s o f alphabetical sites, e a c h of w h i c h
199
provides evidence for the existence of a Manitoba Alphabet
Cult--an
Such a "doubling of
. .] ,
etc.
r e f e r e n c e a richer[.
. . Ipast"
(Writers
"but "[f Jinally there were so many signs that[ , ] tho one
spent a lifetime one could not learn them all," and "th0
disciples faithfully wrote down new signs as they occurred,
they were no longer sure if they were truly new since al1
[of] t h a t could no longer be known, & even unfamiliar truth
dazzled because it seemed new" (1993:126-127).
For Canada,
"(A ->
Al1
201
suggesting that to expand t h e field of its veritability is
t o expand the field of its possibilities.
The search f o r an
Perseus P r o - j e c t s
McCaf fery o f f e r s a
...]dictionary,
(1986:192).
Each fossil is
It
It is "the linguistic
(191)--or (as
( 1986 :191 )
Language is
the fossil
S u c h a 'pataphysical
"surfaced a r t i c u l a t i o n t t
M c C a f fery develops a
192 )
204
T h e two modes o f t h i s
"[tlhey not
(44)
r e f l e x i v e , i t makes a p r o t e i n ; when t h e p r o c e s s o f
s t r a t i f y i n g p r o t e i n s becomes reflexive, 3t rnakes a c e l l u l e ;
a n d when t h e p r o c e s s o f stratifying cellules becomes
r e f l e x i v e , it makes a t h o u g h t .
f o r a phrase;
No f o s s i l i s s i m p l y a f i g u r e
McCaffery i m a g i n e s a k i n d o f D a r w i n i a n p h i l o s o p h y ,
r e m i n i s c e n t o f Dawkins, who a r g u e s t h a t l a n g u a g e i s n o t h i n g
b u t a n e c o l o g y , i n w h i c h m e m e s , o r i d e a s ( s u c h a s t h e idea
o f memes), c a n proliferate i n a v i r o l o g i c a l manner ( 1 9 ) .
Language is just t h e l a t e s t update o f a machine that h a s
f o u n d i t s own d i v e r s e methods t o replicate i t s e l f ( b e i t
through geoseismic f o s s i l i z a t i o n , biogenetic hybridization,
o r semiologic symbolization--three
processes which e s t a b l i s h
a kind o f c o n j u g a l r e l a t i o n , a p a l e o s e x u a l i t v , between r o c k ,
life, and w o r d ) .
tropes:
t h e y do n o t mimick e a c h o t h e r s o much as m u t a t e
i n t o each o t h e r .
As M c C a f f e r y r e m a r k s ,
" l a n g u a g e [is] a
s e x u a l s y s t e m e n t i r e l y a l i e n t o t h e human species, a
...]that
uses man
...]
'pataphysical" (1986:199).
206
we discover that "[tlhe tone of this mendacity within[ ...]
Natural Histories
538.
Nature
a segmented continuum. 13
but
Such a project
the unconscious:
"pataphysicians
alterity:
worlds--the one diurnal men know and that other world where
lunar mottled eels stir like dreams in shallow forest w a t e r "
( 1 9 8 2 : 1 5 1 ; moreover, natural history can document the shift
from one world to the other, replacing the ontic with the
semic, through an oneiric process of transmutative
fossilization:
209
(1986:73).
"[llanguage can be
210
and subsequent exploration of its plane of existence by
ourselves, its human host" (1980b:25).
T h i s 'pataphysical
"it is the
The Governor
insofar as
The
" [ t J h e Governor is an
is impossible to
211
gubernatory metaphysics:
(1991:43).
Canadian
The
213
Jarry according to three successive, cyborganic modes:
the
Jarry has
Research Group:
' pataphysics
solution.
As Jarry observes:
214
Notes to Chapter 5
l ~ r o n i c a l l ~the
,
openness of the quotation mark
in Canadian "Pataphysics c a l l s to mind t h e openness of the
e l l i p s i s marks in the last line of Doctor Faustroll:
"Pataphysics is the science.
. ..
"
(Jarry 1965 :2 5 6 )
The
. . . ] sums
up the science
'~eabershi~
in these imaginary thinktanks is
always virtual:
216
Like the
linguistics.
217
'~ichol even goes so far as to imagine a device
for measuring the signified:
animals (1985:ISO).
To write is to
"the
We have
218
h h o l p r o v i d e s a " p a t s p h y s i c a l e x p l a n a t i o n of a
weathermap, a r g u i n g that such a chart is not a map o f a
p r o t e a n c l i m a t e , b u t a n a c t of " a l p h a b e t w o r s h i p , " p l o t t i n g
" t h e movement o f g i g a n t i c a i r b o r n e H ' s & L ' s over
c o n t i n e n t a l N o r t h ~ m e r i c a "i n "a time when t h e l e t t e r ( &
The
a l p h a b e t in e f f e c t r e p r e s e n t s t h e r e c o r d , n o t of s p e e c h
i t s e l f , b u t of l i v i n g b e i n g s , s u b l i m e l e t t e r s , now e x t i n c t ,
b u t n e v e r t h e l e s s remembered by a c a b a l o f s e c r e t a g e n t s .
' ~ c ~ f ae rf y a r g u e s t h a t
s o words fossilize" (1986:191):
" j u s t as f o s s i l s v e r b a l i z e
both o f t h e s e " b l i n d forms"
s i g n i f y a n a b s e n c e ( w h i c h h a s i n t u r n corne t o s i g n i f y t h e
e s s e n c e of Canada itself:
its desertedness).
Like f o s s i l s ,
l e t t e r s c o n s t i t u t e a m e t e o r i c d e t r i t u s , whose s e d i m e n t a t i o n
c a n be s t u d i e d by a nomadic science:
"What r e m a i n s a f t e r
e r o s i o n i s o f t e n d e s e r t , and i n d e s e r t o f t e n l i e h i d d e n
important f o s s i l s .
That i s a n a p p e a l i n g n a r r a t i v e o f
( T R G 1992:19).
that
219
' ~ e l e u z e and Guattari assert thst
eludes
Stratification is a royal
" ~ c ~ fery
a f
implies that paleosexual i t y provides
an allegory for an epidemic of accidental coincidence--a
breakdown of postmodern chronology.
Seismological events
"[e]arthquakes[
...)sre
nothing
The act of
220
Such a theory o f
He suggests
221
clichk).
15~ewdneys u g g e s t s t h a t n a t u r a l h i s t o r y bears
w i t n e s s t o a supernal grandeur.
"a p r i m a l , s a c r e d e x p e r i e n c e o f [
...]random
A l 1 such
c a t a s t r o p h e s r e p r e s e n t t h e manifestation o f a l t e r i t y i t s e l f
--the o t h e r n e s s t h a t u n d e r l i e s t h e h i d d e n agenda o f e v e n t s :
223
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