Tabla 1

Tubo N4 tanque plano Modelo Ocon-Tojo

h(m)

t(s)
experimen
tal
(promedio)

velocidad
experimental
(m/s)

velocidad
(m/s)
modelo
Ocon-tojo

0.38

0.36

3.45

2.661934339

2.371

0.34

7.03

2.565271919

2.328

0.32

10.31

2.799900448

2.284

0.3

14.12

2.410412984

2.24

0.28

17.715

2.55456842

2.195

0.26

21.3

2.561694134

2.148

0.24

25.065

2.439222701

2.101

0.22

28.845

2.429543246

2.05

0.2

32.8

2.322041332

2.003

0.18

36.83

2.278827164

1.953

0.16

40.965

2.220960936

1.901

0.14

45.165

2.186588921

1.85

0.12

49.525

2.106347126

1.794

0.1

53.82

2.138224323

1.74

0.08

58.185

2.103934357

1.68

0.06

63.055

1.885764573

1.619

0.04

68.12

1.813163568

1.557

0.02

73.22

1.800720288

1.493

78.455

1.754283375

1.43

Re

2.413
18995.9306
18663.0649
18324.5213
17979.9931
17629.1456
17271.6109
16906.9845
16534.8186
16154.6162
15765.8231
15367.8177
14959.8993
14541.2733
14111.0323
13668.1321
13211.3615
12739.3017
12250.2726
11742.2603
11212.8154

0.026916
71
0.027035
93
0.027159
95
0.027289
13
0.027423
9
0.027564
74
0.027712
17
0.027866
81
0.028029
34
0.028200
57
0.028381
41
0.028572
94
0.028776
4
0.028993
28
0.029225
35
0.029474
75
0.029744
09
0.030036
59
0.030356
32
0.030708

t (s)
modelo
Ocontojo

3.59651
4
7.26053
8
10.9958
6
14.8068
7
18.6979
3
22.6743
0
26.7417
7
30.9064
8
35.1756

39.5573
7
44.0605
8
48.6956
5
53.4744
5
58.4108
3
63.5209
2
68.8235
0
74.3413
6
80.1019
2
86.1388

49

Tubo N4 tanque cono 45 Modelo Ocon-Tojo

h(m)

t(s)
experime
ntal
(promedio
)

velocidad
experimental
(m/s)

velocidad
(m/s)
modelo
Ocon-tojo

Re

t (s)
modelo
Ocontojo

0.38

2.6

3.385

2.71304977

2.56

0.34

6.69

2.77872117

2.514

0.32

9.975

2.7956388

2.472

0.3

13.235

2.81707775

2.43

0.28

16.82

2.56169413

2.385

0.26

20.22

2.70108043

2.341

0.24

23.645

2.68136452

2.295

0.22

27.35

2.47872428

2.25

0.026595
63
0.026698
92
0.026820
22
0.026933
42
0.027049
05
0.027175
75
0.027302
55
0.027438
35
0.027574

0.36

19929.992
2
19623.376
94
19270.769
38
18948.823
36
18626.877
33
18281.935
16
17944.658
37
17592.050
81
17247.108

3.541076
44
7.142247
96
10.80592
32
14.53547
42
18.33512
6
22.20795
1
26.15905
2
30.19206

0.2

30.99

2.52298722

2.202

0.18

34.805

2.40725386

2.154

0.16

38.635

2.39782597

2.105

0.14

42.45

2.40725386

2.054

0.12

46.6

2.21293337

2.003

0.1

50.635

2.27600334

1.951

0.08

54.865

2.1710812

1.897

0.06

59.155

2.14071643

1.841

0.04

63.615

2.05911961

1.784

0.02

68.285

1.96652537

1.725

73.15

1.88770267

1.664

64
16879.170
32
16511.232
16135.628
3
15744.693
84
15353.759
38
14955.159
53
14541.228
93
14111.967
56
13675.040
8
13222.783
29
12755.195
01

52
0.027723
58
0.027876
75
0.028037
59
0.028210
03
0.028387
91
0.028575
2
0.028776
42
0.028992
8
0.029221
66
0.029468
39
0.029734
82

18
34.31387
53
38.52896
49
42.84422
66
47.26763
51
51.80581
39
56.46855
02
61.26727
36
66.21416
48
71.32187
11
76.60774
06
82.09080
67

Tubo N 4 tanque cono 60 modelo Ocon-tojo

h(m)

t
experime
ntal
(promedio
)

0.38

velocidad
experiment
al

velocidad
(m/s)
Modelo
Ocon-Tojo

2.7279652

Re

20910.894
3

0.026278
1

t (s)
modelo
Ocon-tojo

0.36

3.355

2.73730953

0.34

6.56

2.86542074

0.32

9.455

3.17225336

0.3

12.73

2.80417511

0.28

15.955

2.84765069

0.26

19.535

2.56527192

0.24

22.99

2.65808205

0.22

26.485

2.62766051

0.2

29.82

2.75372518

0.18

33.36

2.59425804

0.16

36.91

2.58695027

0.14

40.74

2.39782597

0.12

44.515

2.43276118

0.1

48.51

2.29879186

0.08

52.38

2.37304224

0.06

57.74

1.71337192

0.04

60.83

2.97206261

0.02

64.86

2.27882716

69.435

2.00736032

2.68731138
2.64607119
2.60421799
2.56172308
2.51855547
2.47468156
2.43006486
2.38466559
2.33844029
2.29134128
2.24331612
2.19430685
2.14424918
2.09307146
2.04069345
1.9870248
1.93196316
1.87539182
1.8171767

20599.267
3
20283.145
5
19962.324
7
19636.585
19305.688
8
18969.378
5
18627.374
5
18279.371
8
17925.037
2
17564.005
3
17195.874
2
16820.199
4
16436.488
2
16044.191
5
15642.694
1
15231.303
4
14809.234
9
14375.594
13929.352
9

0.026376
92
0.026479
1
0.026584
86
0.026694
43
0.026808
08
0.026926
12
0.027048
87
0.027176
7
0.027310
02
0.027449
29
0.027595
04
0.027747
85
0.027908
39
0.028077
45
0.028255
9
0.028444
8
0.028645
34
0.028858
96
0.029087
36

3.3565251
7
6.7663459
2
10.232008
7
13.756267
5
17.342107
9
20.992775
3
24.711807
5
28.503073
32.370815
36.319704
8
40.354903
8
44.482138
4
48.707790
2
53.039004
7
57.483825
5
62.051359
3
66.751981
8
71.597598
9
76.601978
9

Tubo N 4 tanque plano modelo Bird Crosby

h(m)

t(s)
experime
ntal

velocidad
experime
ntal (m/s)

0.38

0.36

3.45

0.34

7.03

0.32

10.31

0.3

14.12

0.28

17.715

0.26

21.3

0.24

25.065

0.22

28.845

0.2

32.8

0.18

36.83

0.16

40.965

0.14

45.165

0.12

49.525

2.6852846
4
2.4359876
58
2.8698979
59
2.4555276
66
2.5942580
42
2.5869502
73
2.5369263
73
2.3608415
09
2.3074556
46
2.2731865
02
2.1970510
69
2.1970510
69
2.0730639

v (m/s)
modelo
Bird
asumien
do
laminar
75.21102
92
72.68292
738
70.15482
555
67.62672
373
65.09862
191
62.57052
009
60.04241
827
57.51431
644
54.98621
462
52.45811
28
49.93001
098
47.40190
916
44.87380
734
42.34570

Re

v(m/s)
modelo
Bird
Turbulen
to

Re

t(s)
Bird
Crosby

576521.2
41
557142.3
75
537763.5
1
518384.6
45
499005.7
8
479626.9
14
460248.0
49
440869.1
84
421490.3
19
402111.4
54
382732.5
88
363353.7
23
343974.8
58
324595.9

5.309366
23
5.206639
05
5.102368
68
4.996475
02
4.888870
66
4.779459
83
4.668137
31
4.554787

40698.3
183
39910.8
752
39111.6
031
38299.8
878
37475.0
593
36636.3
836
35783.0
539
34914.1
805
34028.7
773
33125.7
471
32203.8
627
31261.7
444
30297.8
312
29310.3

4.439280
26
4.321473
96
4.201208
02
4.078302
42
3.952553
54
3.823729

1.67876
077
3.39123
084
5.13933
973
6.92520
454
8.75115
631
10.6197
712
12.5339
08
14.4967
53
16.5118
743
18.5832
891
20.7155
457
22.9138
266
25.1840

0.1

53.82

0.08

58.185

0.06

63.055

0.04

68.12

0.02

73.22

78.455

89
2.0637468
47
2.3487655
93
1.8078097
38
1.7627012
42
1.8974531
96
1.7262544
12

551
39.81760
369
37.28950
187
34.76140
005
32.23329
823
29.70519
641
27.17709
458

93
305217.1
27
285838.2
62
266459.3
97
247080.5
32
227701.6
66
208322.8
01

52
3.691564
39
3.555750
53
3.415928
83
3.271675
59
3.122484
84
2.967743
72

46
28297.2
498
27256.1
847
26184.3
98
25078.6
42
23935.0
379
22748.8
881

784
27.5331
777
29.9691
466
32.5014
358
35.1413
051
37.9023
427
40.8011
94

Tubo N 4 tanque 45 modelo Bird Crosby

h(m)

t(s)
experiment
al

velocidad
experime
ntal (m/s)

v (m/s)
modelo
Bird
asumiendo
laminar

Re

v(m/s)
modelo
Bird
Turbulen
to

Re

t(s)
Bird
Crosby

0.38

83.250393

3.385

0.34

6.69

0.32

9.975

0.3

13.235

2.757859
9
2.646591
78
2.766166
71
3.030915
34

80.722291
2
78.194189
3
75.666087
5
73.137985
7

5.626591
73
5.528309
74
5.428699
44
5.327699
01
5.225241
61

43129.97
28
42376.60
39
41613.05
29
40838.84
6
40053.47
1

0.36

638146.0
32
618767.1
67
599388.3
02
580009.4
36
560630.5
71

1.634670
645
3.298865
437
4.994098
846
6.722016
771

0.28

16.82

0.26

20.22

0.24

23.645

0.22

27.35

0.2

30.99

0.18

34.805

0.16

38.635

0.14

42.45

0.12

46.6

0.1

50.635

0.08

54.865

0.06

59.155

0.04

63.615

0.02

68.285

73.15

2.495563
44
2.661934
34
2.638986
63
2.558126
31
2.558126
31
2.435987
66
2.330881
59
2.404103
2.150743
2
2.354788
07
2.155791
89
2.125850
34
2.106347
13
1.970745
38
1.953973
08

70.609883
9
68.081782
1
65.553680
2
63.025578
4
60.497476
6
57.969374
8
55.441273
52.913171
1
50.385069
3
47.856967
5
45.328865
7
42.800763
8
40.272662
37.744560
2
35.216458
4

541251.7
06
521872.8
41
502493.9
75
483115.1
1
463736.2
45
444357.3
8
424978.5
14
405599.6
49
386220.7
84
366841.9
19
347463.0
54
328084.1
88
308705.3
23
289326.4
58
269947.5
93

5.121254
72
5.015659
49
4.908369
86
4.799291
68
4.688321
49
4.575345
28
4.460236
82
4.342855
73
4.223045
18
4.100629
01
3.975408
14
3.847156
19
3.715613
84
3.580481
61
3.441410
51

39256.37
18
38446.94
41
37624.52
81
36788.40
22
35937.77
34
35071.76
76
34189.41
73
33289.64
65
32371.25
29
31432.88
62
30473.02
05
29489.92
04
28481.59
8
27445.75
79
26379.72
49

8.484412
942
10.28324
802
12.12067
202
13.99905
063
15.92099
661
17.88940
701
19.90750
816
21.97891
001
24.10767
259
26.29838
793
28.55628
212
30.88734
387
33.29848
842
35.79776
95
38.39465
761

Tubo N 4 tanque 60 modelo Bird Crosby

h(m)

t(s)
experiment
al

velocidad
experiment
al (m/s)

v (m/s)
modelo
Bird
asumiendo
laminar

Re

v(m/s)
modelo
Bird
Turbulen
to

Re

0.38

83.250393

0.36

3.355

2.7578599

0.34

6.56

2.86095747

0.32

9.455

3.2451143

0.3

12.73

2.85207251

0.28

15.955

2.71706316

0.26

19.535

2.60160722

0.24

22.99

2.57968356

0.22

26.485

2.53692637

0.2

29.82

2.88794763

0.18

33.36

2.65424089

0.16

36.91

2.53692637

80.722291
2
78.194189
3
75.666087
5
73.137985
7
70.609883
9
68.081782
1
65.553680
2
63.025578
4
60.497476
6
57.969374
8
55.441273

0.14

40.74

2.404103

0.12

44.515

2.39158163

0.1

48.51

2.37304224

0.08

52.38

2.35478807

0.06

57.74

1.39995022

638146.0
32
618767.1
67
599388.3
02
580009.4
36
560630.5
71
541251.7
06
521872.8
41
502493.9
75
483115.1
1
463736.2
45
444357.3
8
424978.5
14
405599.6
49
386220.7
84
366841.9
19
347463.0
54
328084.1
88

5.626591
73
5.528309
74
5.428699
44
5.327699
01
5.225241
61
5.121254
72
5.015659
49
4.908369
86
4.799291
68
4.688321
49
4.575345
28
4.460236
82
4.342855
73
4.223045
18
4.100629
01
3.975408
14
3.847156
19

43129.97
28
42376.60
39
41613.05
29
40838.84
6
40053.47
1
39256.37
18
38446.94
41
37624.52
81
36788.40
22
35937.77
34
35071.76
76
34189.41
73
33289.64
65
32371.25
29
31432.88
62
30473.02
05
29489.92
04

52.913171
1
50.385069
3
47.856967
5
45.328865
7
42.800763
8

t(s)
Bird
Crosb

1.62811
68
3.28563
13
4.97407
75
6.69506
85
8.45039
95
10.2420
89
12.0720
6
13.9429
35
15.8571
37
17.8176
21
19.8276
2
21.8907
88
24.0110
65
26.1929
85
28.4417

30.7635
57

0.04

60.83

4.61491129

40.272662

0.02

64.86

2.22364975

69.435

2.04992711

37.744560
2
35.216458
4

Porcentajes de error
Tanque plano tubo N4
h(m)

0.38
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.3
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.2

% error
Ocon
Tojo
0
7.036479
88
6.040171
33
9.501010
04
7.660536
8.359121
58
9.284486
05
9.523957
88
9.994131
88
10.08464
78

% error
Bird
Crosby
0
51.34026
76
51.76058
55
50.15189
4
50.95464
2
50.60030
31
50.14191
91
49.99438
25
49.74257
94
49.65891
98

308705.3
23
289326.4
58
269947.5
93

3.715613
84
3.580481
61
3.441410
51

28481.59
8
27445.75
79
26379.72
49

33.1649
31
35.6542
37
38.2407
99

0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

10.24591
65
10.39702
23
10.65537
61
10.81452
68
11.37404
21
12.02953
8
12.00268
38
11.97966
3
12.24366
43
12.62888
01

49.54306
51
49.43111
01
49.26640
84
49.14875
63
48.84210
75
48.49334
61
48.45541
86
48.41264
67
48.23498
67
47.99414
44

Tanque 45 tubo N4
h(m)

0.38
0.36

% Error
Ocon
Tojo
0
4.407598

% Error
Bird
0
51.70840

0.34
0.32
0.3
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

63
6.332011
51
7.689515
75
8.946898
81
8.263515
51
8.951528
17
9.610638
93
9.413275
04
9.686680
08
9.665364
53
9.824489
6
10.19224
9
10.04870
59
10.33061
8
10.44974
45
10.66110
98
10.80576
12
10.86409
87
10.89136
18

04
50.68960
48
49.93384
62
49.21030
02
49.55759
25
49.14318
48
48.73896
38
48.81517
14
48.62537
4
48.60104
29
48.47286
62
48.22400
47
48.26679
7
48.06282
63
47.95173
22
47.78574
28
47.65623
14
47.57593
98
47.51242
98

h(m)
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.32
Tanque 60 tubo N4

0.3
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0

% error
Ocon-Tojo
0
0.021084
87
3.029300
89
7.574758
95
7.443043
38
7.977447
77
6.924300
37
6.948191
36
7.060357
24
7.858687
23
8.130382
42
8.517950
5
8.394110
81
8.589479
55
8.520196
93
8.850073
13
6.928911
78
8.852813
06
9.390732
29
9.332540
86

%error
Bird
0
51.47193
21
49.91403
77
47.39211
26
47.40718
11
47.03606
42
47.57092
98
47.48988
26
47.35539
54
46.82372
99
46.58968
2
46.28097
54
46.26708
68
46.06084
14
46.00505
37
45.70105
01
46.72063
45
45.47923
21
45.02891
82
44.92587
32

Graficas
1.Velocidades Modelo ocon Tojo
Velocidad vs tiempo tanque plano tubo 4

3
2.5
2
Velocidad

experimental
t (s) experimental

1.5

t (s) ocon tojo

Velocidad
Ocon tojo

1
0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Velocidad vs tiempo tanque 45 tubo 4

3
2.5
2
velocidad
experimental

1.5

velocidad Ocon Tojo

1
0.5
0
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Velocidad vs tiempo tanque 45 tubo 4

3
2.5
2
velocidad
experimental

1.5

velocidad ocon tojo

(m/s)

1
0.5
0
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

2. Velocidades Modelo Bird Crosby

Velocidad vs tiempo tanque plano tubo 4

6
5
4
velocidad exp (m/s)

v(m/s) Bird Crosby

2
1
0
0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Velocidad vs tiempo tanque 45 tubo 4

6
5
4
velocidad exp (m/s)

v(m/s) Bird Crosby

2
1
0
0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Velocidad vs tiempo tanque 60 tubo 4

6
5
4
velocidad exp (m/s)

v(m/s)
2
1
0
0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Tiempos de escurrimiento para diferentes modelos

Tanque de base Plana tubo 4
Modelo Ocon Tojo
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
t (s) experimental

0.2

t (s) ocon tojo

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Modelo Bird-Crosby

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
experimental

0.2

t(s) Bird Crosby

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Tanque de cono 45 tubo 4

Modelo Ocon Tojo

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
t experimental

0.2

t (s) Ocon tojo

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10 20

30

40 50

60

70

80 90

Modelo Bird-Crosby

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
T (s)experimental

0.2

t(s) Bird Crosby

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Tanque de cono 60 tubo 4

Modelo Ocon Tojo
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
t experimental

0.2

t (s)OCON TOJO

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Modelo Bird-Crosby

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
T (s)experimental

0.2

t(s) Bird Crosby

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Historia

A travs de los aos se han propuesto algunos modelos que

intentaban determinar el tiempo de escurrimiento de un tanque , cuya
finalidad sera la de evaluar tiempos de drenado para la limpieza y
mantenimiento de los mismos .
Los modelos tienen en comn que hacen uso de balances globales de
materia y energa, sin embargo la eficacia de los modelos va a
depender de las simplifaciones establecidas.
Byron Bird y por su parte Crosby desarrollaron en la decada de 1960
un modelo matmatico , que no consideraba la energa cintica a la
salida del tubo conectado al tanque , sin embargo proporciona un valor
preliminar que permite mostrar una idea en el estudio de drenado.Bird
es considerado por ser uno de los primeros en desarrollar los

fenmenos de tranporte de manera cientfica, la cual es base del flujo

de fluidos.
El modelo planteado por Ocon-Tojo , sugiere menos simplificaciones ,
ya que considera las perdidas generadas por cambios de dimetro
entre el tanque y el tubo ( cambios bruscos y graduales), es por esta
razn que se presenta mayor cercana con los resultados
experimentales, el estrechamiento que se presenta en los tanques, es
por lo tanto un factor importante en el modelo matemtico, en el caso
de tanques planos la presencia de un cambio abrupto genera
remolinos a los lados del tanque.
Para el desarrollo de correlaciones que permitan evaluar las perdidas
por friccion generadas por cambios de dimetro en el flujo de fluidos ,
fue necesario la elaboracin de experimentos , debido a la dificultad de
generalizar los efectos de los accesorios y las contraccines o
ensanchamientos.

En el ao 1935, Crane en el folleto Flow of Fluids and Heat Transmission

propone una correlacion basada en sus experimentos en diferentes
accesorios , entre ellos los estrechamientos . Crane se bas en las
investigaciones de ensanchamientos llevadas anteriormente por A. H.
Gibson quien introduce un factor de correccin C que se evala en la
ecuacin de resistencia brusca para convertirla a resistencias
graduales.El coeficiente C involucra el ngulo interior.

Figura 1. Byron Bird

BIBLIOGRAFA

*Crane , Flujo de Fluidos en vlvulas accesorios y

tuberas McGRAW-HILL captulo 2 , p. 14

*E.J. Crosby Experimentos sobre fenmenos de

transporte en las operaciones unitarias de la industria
qumica.1968 Editorial Hispano Americana H.A.S.A. pp55-63

*Bird ,Byron ,Warren E. Stewart , Edwin N. Lightfoot.

Fenmenos de transporte.Segunda edicin .Editorial
Limusa- Wisley .

* Ocon-Tojo Problemas de Ingenieria Quimica Vol 1 .

Colecciones ciencia y tecnologa.

*Valiente, Problemas de Flujo de Fluidos

Grficas