Monopressure Process

PROSIMPLUS HNO3 APPLICATION EXAMPLE
MONOPRESSURE NITRIC ACID

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
INTEREST OF THIS EXAMPLE

This example corresponds to the simulation of a nitric acid manufacturing unit by a monopressure process. It is a
rather traditional process of industrial production of nitric acid. The main modules specific to the simulator
ProSimPlus HNO3 are implemented here: absorption column of nitrous vapors, nitrous vapors condensers,
oxidation reactors, heat exchangers with oxidation volumes, nitrous vapor compressors, etc.
It is an example of pure simulation, without specification on the output streams.
The particular point which is detailed in this example is the use of an information stream to split a heat exchanger
between a temperature set and a simple exchanger in order to avoid a recycling stream.
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CORRESPONDING PROSIMPLUS HNO3 FILE
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HNO3 monopressure process.pmp
Reader is reminded that this use case is only an example and should not be used for other purposes. Although this example is based on actual
case it may not be considered as typical nor are the data used always the most accurate available. ProSim shall have no responsibility or
liability for damages arising out of or related to the use of the results of calculations based on this example.
Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved
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Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

Version: May, 12, 2006
Page: 2 / 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
PROCESS MODELING
1.1.
Process description
1.2.
Process flowsheet
1.3.
Specifications
1.4.
Components
1.5.
Thermodynamic model
1.6.
Operating conditions
1.7.
"Hints and Tips"
RESULTS
12
13
2.1.
Comments on results
13
2.2.
Mass and energy balances
13
2.3.
Column C101 profiles
18
2.4.
20
REFERENCES
21
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Page: 3 / 21
1. PROCESS MODELING
1.1.
Process description
This example is extracted from the publications [1] and [2], which describe the process summarily.
The manufacture of nitric acid includes three principal stages:
Oxidation of ammonia:
4 NH 3 + 5 O 2 4 NO + 6 H 2 O
Condensation of the water of combustion and oxidation of nitric oxide
H 2 O (gaz ) H 2 O (liq.)
2 NO + O 2 2 NO 2 N 2 O 4
Absorption of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide:
3 NO 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3 + NO
N 2 O 4 + 1 / 2O 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3
The mathematical modeling of chemical equilibrium and kinetics of the above reactions are complex and
secondary reactions occur, in particular the formation of N2O3:
NO + NO 2 N 2 O 3
The monopressure process (catalytic combustion and absorption at the same pressure) rest on the reaction:
3 NO 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3 + NO
whose principal characteristic is that, each time two molecules of nitric acid are formed, there is also production of
a nitric oxide molecule NO, that it is necessary to oxide in NO2 then to absorb and so on. These successive
oxidations are done mainly in gas phase, in absorption towers where are in parallel carried out the reaction of
formation of the nitric acid and that of oxidation of NO:
NO + 1 / 2 O 2 NO 2
In this process, condensation and absorption are done with the same pressure as oxidation, between 0.5 and
approximately 1 Mpa. There is thus one compressor and the tower of absorption is equipped in its lower part with a
stage of denitration.
The process diagram is provided hereafter.
The liquid ammonia is vaporized by cooling water (E101), then heated (E102), filtered and sent in a air-ammonia
mixer (M101). On the other side, the filtered atmospheric air is compressed (K101), then divided into two streams
in the valve V103, the primary air (Air S06) which goes to the air-ammonia mixer (M101) and secondary air which
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Page: 4 / 21
goes to the bleacher (C102). Previously, a fraction of the air is taken (Air S03) for the instrumentation, in V102
valve. The air-ammonia mixture is directed towards the NH3 converter (R101).
The model of the reactor takes into account two reactions:
4 NH3 + 5 O 2 4 NO + 6 H 2 O
4 NH 3 + 3 O 2 2 N 2 + 6 H 2 O
The gas after combustion contains nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and oxygen. Its significant heat is recovered in a
series of heat exchangers (E103, E104, E105, E106). After condensation (E107), a large quantity of weak acid is
formed and sent to the absorption tower (C101). The gas mixed with the outgoing air of the bleacher (C102) on the
level of the M103 mixer is directed on the perforated plates of the absorption column (C101) equipped in particular
with cooling coils. Process water is introduced at the top and the acid, with the desired concentration, is recovered
at its bottom. This acid goes then to the bleaching column (C102) equipped with plates. There is a stripping by
secondary air (Air S08). The outgoing gases at the top of the C101 absorber are sent in a series of gas-gas heat
exchangers (E108, E109, E105), then mixed with a small quantity of ammonia in order to react in a catalytic reactor
making it possible to reduce the content NOx in tail gas. In reactor (R102), operated around 250 C a set of
reactions occurs which can be modeled by the two following reactions:
4 NH 3 + 6 NO 5 N 2 + 6 H 2 O
and
8 NH 3 + 6 NO 2 7 N 2 + 12 H 2 O
The tail gases with very low NOx content are then sent in an expander (T101) and finally to the stack.
In parallel, steam is produced by heat recovery on the process (not modeled in this example).
Moreover, cooling water passes successively in the E107 condenser then in the E101 exchanger.
The objective of this process is to produce 1.000 tons per day of nitric acid (equivalent 100%) with a concentration
of 58% mass.
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1.2.
Page: 5 / 21
Process flowsheet
V103
M101
E102
E108
R101
V101
E109
E103
E101
E112
E104
C101
O104
O101
E105
O102
E106
O103
M103
E107
M102
E110
V102
C102
P101
K101
E111
R102
T101
M104
V104
E107 CW
Monopressure process flowsheet
1.3.
Specifications
In this example there is no specification imposed on the output streams (the implementation of such specifications
is presented in the E02 example: Dual-Pressure Nitric Acid Manufacturing Process). We only simulate here the
operation of a unit for a set of operating parameters and for given process feed streams.
1.4.
Components
Properties of the components involved in the simulation are taken from the standard database, provided with
ProSimPlus HNO3 software. Eight components are taken here into account:
Ammonia (NH3)
Water (H20)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Nitric oxide (NO)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
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Nitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4)

Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
1.5.
Thermodynamic model
For the main part of the process the thermodynamic model taken into account is the default model of the software
ProSimPlus HNO3 (see User's manual - chapter 2).
However, at the level of the cooling water line, a specific model for water is used.
1.6.
Operating conditions
Process feed
Return
Ammonia
Air
Process water
(NH3 S01)
(Air LP)
(Water S01)
Temperature (C)
10
25
25
25
25
Pressure (Bar)
14
6.5
6.6
4.2
11 874
NH3
Partial
condensates
(Water S02)
Cooling water
(CW S01)
mass
N2
162 426.2
flowrate
O2
49 022.0
24
1 961.093
3 555
12 520
2 000 000
(kg/h)
H2O
Reactor R101
Operating parameters
Value
Type of reactor
simple
Ammonia conversion rate (%)
5 O2 + 4 NH3
6 H20 + 4 NO
96.09
3 O2 + 4 NH3
6 H20 + 2 N2
3.91
Pressure drop (bar)
0.05
Output temperature
adiabatic
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Page: 7 / 21
Heat exchangers
Hot stream
Name
Output
Pressure
Temperature
drop (bar)
(C)
Cold stream
Reaction
Output
volume
Temperature
(m3)
(C)
Pressure
Reaction
drop (bar)
volume (m3)
E101
0.05
34
4.80
E105
250
0.05
0.05
E106
175
0.05
7.4873
0.05
E108
100
0.05
0.02
For the heat exchanger in which the chemical reactions are taken into account (E106, reaction volume not
equal to zero), one adopts:
a plug-flow pattern
an oxidation efficiency of 1
the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik
the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik.
Simple heat exchangers
Output
Name
Type
Temperature
(C)
Pressure drop
(bar)
Reaction volume
(m3)
E102
Cooler/heater
120
1.50
E103
Cooler/heater
450
0.05
E104
Cooler/heater
350
0.05
1.9514
E107 CW
Simple heat exchanger
0.05
E109
Cooler/heater
100
0.01
E110
Cooler/heater
102
0.05
E111
Cooler/heater
45
0.05
E112
Cooler/heater
180
1.15
For the heat exchanger in which the chemical reactions are taken into account (E104, reaction volume not
equal to zero), one adopts:
a plug-flow pattern
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Page: 8 / 21
the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik.
Condenser E107
Value
Length of the tubes (m)
Number of tubes
Vapor flow
2 100
Inside the tubes
Internal diameter of the tubes (mm)
25.4
Temperature of cooling water (C)
25
Cooling water flowrate (T/h)

Flow direction
2 000
Counter-current
Global heat exchange coefficient for absorption (Kcal/h/m2/K)
215
Global heat exchange coefficient for oxidation (Kcal/h/m2/K)
290
Pressure drop (bar)
0.07
Moreover, one adopts:
the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik
the calculation of the constant of absorption of N2O4 in water by the method based on the
equation of Miller (bubble caps).
Compressor K101
Value
Isentropic efficiency
0.845
Mechanical efficiency
Discharge pressure (bar)
7.8
Taking into account of the chemical reaction
not
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Volumes of oxidation
Name
Volume of oxidation
Pressure drop (bar)
(m3)
O101
0.01
O102
28
0.01
O103
0.01
O104
0.01
a plug-flow pattern
an adiabatic operation.
Column C101
Column type
Number of stages
Weak acid (Acid S02) plate feed
Water (Water S0) plate feed
Value
Absorption
35
24
(plates numbered from top to bottom)
2
(plates numbered from top to bottom)
Column diameter (m)
6.1
Hole diameter (mm)
Free section
Pressure drop in the column (bar)
2.60%
0.77
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Page: 10 / 21
Plate
Temperatur
e (C)
1 (top)
29.4
Volume of
oxidation
(m3)
51
Spacing (m)
Plate
Temperature
(C)
2.25
19
42.1
Volume of
oxidation
(m3)
35.6
20
42.9
30.0
21
43.6
30.6
58.5
22
44.4
31.4
2.00
23
45.2
32.2
24
45.9
33.0
25
46.7
33.8
51.6
26
47.4
34.5
27
48.2
10
35.3
1.75
28
48.9
11
36.1
29
49.7
12
36.8
30
50.5
13
37.6
35.6
31
51.2
14
38.3
32
52.0
15
39.1
1.21
33
52.9
79.5
2.70
16
39.8
34
54.5
58.5
2.00
17
40.6
35
(bottom)
57.0
58.5
2.00
18
41.4
Spacing (m)
1.21
the calculation of the temperature profile in the column from the provided temperatures
the dissolution of NOx is not taken into account and for NOx in liquid phase the oxidation
of NO is taken to 0%
the calculation of the equilibrium of the system nitrogen oxideswaternitric acid by the
equation of Zhidkov
the efficiency of oxidation of each plate is equal to 1
the hydrodynamic model on each plate is that of a plug-flow reactor
the absorption efficiency on each plate is calculated by the equation of Atroshenko 2.
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Page: 11 / 21
Column C102
Value
Type of column
Absorber
Number of theoretical stages
Pressure drop in the column (bar)
0.41
Pump P101
Value
Exhaust pressure (bar)
7.5
Volumetric efficiency
0.65
Mechanical efficiency
Stream splitters
Name
Type
Value
V101
3 ways valve
Mass flowrate of stream NH3 S05 (kg/H)
V102
3 ways valve
Mass flowrate of stream Air S03 (kg/H)
1006.8
V103
3 ways valve
Splitting rate for the stream Air S06 (%)
79.93111
V104
3 ways valve
Splitting rate for the stream CW S03 (%)
80
87.4
Reactor R102
Value
Type of reactor
simple
Conversion rate of NO (%)
6 NO + 4 NH3
6 H20 + 5 N2
90.0
Conversion rate of NO2 (%)
6 NO2 + 8 NH3
12 H20 + 7 N2
28.5
Pressure drop (bar)
0.1
Output temperature
adiabatic
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Page: 12 / 21
Expander T101
1.7.
Value
Exhaust pressure (bar)
1.03
Isentropic efficiency
0.83
"Hints and Tips"
For the nitrous vapors condenser E107 modeling, an information stream (E107 duty) is used to transfer information
heat duty to a simple heat exchanger module. This one will calculate the temperature increase of the cooling
water stream (CW S01). The information streams make it possible in ProSimPlus HNO3 to transfer any type of
parameter of a module to another one. It can be for example an operating parameter of a module (data), a result of
the calculation of a module, or a parameter of a stream (using the MEASURE module). It is in addition possible to
make simple calculations on the information streams using the HANDLER module, before reintroducing them in a
module.
In this example of simulation, most of the heat exchangers are simulated as on the industrial plant by coupling a
hot stream and a cold stream. However, it is also possible to simulate an exchanger by splitting the hot stream and
the cold stream, it is what is made in E107 condenser. This way of modeling a two-stream heat exchanger enables
to avoid a stream recycle that would penalize the calculation by splitting the heat exchanger in two parts. This way
of modeling is frequently used in process simulation. It is illustrated in the example of application of ProSimPlus
E02 (Cyclohexane Plant). It should be noted also that the order of calculation of the modules (the sequence of
calculation), automatically given by ProSimPlus HNO3, takes account of the presence of the information streams.
In this example, the module E107 is calculated before the module E107 CW in order to have the heat duty required
for the calculation of this last.
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Page: 13 / 21
2. RESULTS
2.1.
Comments on results
Since the flowsheet contains several recycling streams, it is necessary to initialize two streams. The streams which
one chose to initialize are streams PG S07 and Air S09. From there, the calculation sequence (the order of
calculation of the modules) is generated automatically.
The convergence of the cycle is obtained in 2 iterations, that is to say 4 passages in the Maximum Cyclic Network.
Regarding the absorption column (C101), convergence is obtained in 3 iterations, without any initialization.
Regarding the bleaching column (C102), it converges in 6 iterations, also without any initialization.
2.2.
Mass and energy balances
Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
Acid production
Acid S01
Acid S02
Acid S03
Acid S04
E111
E107
P101
C101
C102
>>>
P101
C101
C102
E111
t/d
t/d
t/d
t/d
t/d
0
0
0
0
0
722.908657 396.6531571 396.6531571
724.583951
722.908657
1000.047136 317.4994765 317.4994765 1034.546471 1000.047136
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.453006404
0
0
0 0.453006404
0.757082434
0
0
0 0.757082434
1724.165882 714.1526336 714.1526336 1759.130422 1724.165882
2334.894571 1127.335029 1127.335029 2359.921849 2334.894571
54.28099682
24.3139225 24.31415125 55.94119064 55.14015165
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
45
65.6574402 65.66759008
57 59.82806917
7.599997946 7.249998041 7.499997973 7.239998043 7.649997933
-167645.4732 -83471.21405 -83470.95428 -168448.9755 -166828.3745
www.prosim.net

Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Page: 14 / 21
Air LP
Air feed
K101
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
0
47.06653398
0
0
0
0
3898.253523
1176.535789
5121.855846
7438.992158
184408.6462
Vapour
25
0.99999973
-7311.986587
1
Air S05
E106
V103
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
0
46.84448841
0
0
0
0
3879.862751
1170.985251
5097.692491
7403.89726
40686.50405
Vapour
235.7686327
7.699997919
5531.676766
1
Air S01
K101
E110
t/d
Air S02
E110
V102
t/d
Air S03
V102
>>>
t/d
Air S04
V102
E106
t/d
0
0
0
0
47.06653398 47.06653398 0.222045564 46.84448841
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3898.253523 3898.253523 18.39077216 3879.862751
1176.535789 1176.535789
5.55053731 1170.985251
5121.855846 5121.855846 24.16335503 5097.692491
7438.992158 7438.992158 35.09489802
7403.89726
45444.75699 29939.85648 141.2471189 29798.60936
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
299.9519976
102
102
102
7.799997892 7.749997906 7.749997906 7.749997906
9566.085921 -2648.046449 -12.49267617 -2635.553772
1
1
1
1
Air S06
V103
M101
t/d
0
37.44331956
0
0
0
0
3101.217363
935.9815093
4074.642192
5918.017264
32521.17431
Vapour
235.7686327
7.699997919
4421.530641
1
Air S07
V103
E108
t/d
Air S08
E108
C102
t/d
Air S09
C102
M103
t/d
0
0
0
9.401168851 9.401168851 11.07646403
0
0 34.49932639
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
778.6453877 778.6453877 778.1923813
235.003742
235.003742 234.2466597
1023.050299 1023.050299 1058.014831
1485.879997 1485.879997 1510.907272
8165.329743 6026.124666 5727.807686
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
235.7686327
100 56.95858407
7.699997919 7.649997933 7.239998043
1110.146125 -553.2016122 -2173.802556
1
1
1
www.prosim.net

Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Page: 15 / 21
CW S01
>>>
E107 CW
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
C
bar
kW
CW S03
V104
E101
t/d
CW S04
E101
M104
t/d
CW S05
V104
M104
t/d
0
0
0
0
0
48000.30797 48000.30797 38400.24638 38400.24638 9600.061594
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48000.30797 48000.30797 38400.24638 38400.24638 9600.061594
111016.7478 111016.7478 88813.39821 88813.39821 22203.34955
2005.604375 2012.015487
1609.61239 1608.387466 402.4030975
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
25 35.40831105 35.40831105 33.17156043 35.40831105
4.199998865 4.149998878 4.149998878 4.099998892 4.149998878
-1356824.586 -1332644.306 -1066115.444 -1070274.822 -266528.8611
CW S06
M104
>>>
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
CW S02
E107 CW
V104
t/d
0
48000.30797
0
0
0
0
0
0
48000.30797
111016.7478
2010.784935
Liquid
33.61911767
4.099998892
-1336803.683
NH3 S01
NH3 S02
NH3 S03
NH3 S04
>>>
E101
E102
V101
E101
E102
V101
M101
t/d
t/d
t/d
t/d
284.9778284 284.9778284 284.9778284 282.8844462
0.576003696 0.576003696 0.576003696 0.571772504
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
285.5538321 285.5538321 285.5538321 283.4562187
698.5478067 698.5478067 698.5478067 693.4164335
11.9010776
2965.487195 2943.703401
Liquid
Liq./Vap.
Vapour
Vapour
10
34
120
120
13.99999622 9.199997514 7.699997919 7.699997919
-13078.90835 -8919.515736 -8296.145332 -8235.203737
0.999377112
1
1
www.prosim.net

Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Page: 16 / 21
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
NH3 S05
NH3 S06
PG S01
PG S02
PG S03
V101
E112
M101
R101
E103
E112
M102
R101
E103
E104
t/d
t/d
t/d
t/d
t/d
2.093382266 2.093382266 282.8844462
0
0
0.004231192 0.004231192 38.01509207 486.8760978 486.8760978
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 478.9242924 478.9242924
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 3101.217363
3110.31426
3110.31426
0
0 935.9815093 281.9829628 281.9829628
2.097613458 2.097613458 4358.098411 4358.097613 4358.097613
5.131373198 5.131373198 6611.433697 6784.457202 6784.457202
21.78379399
29.5166218 35671.16062 89461.45361 54389.44149
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
120
180 220.0270068 924.2394575
450
7.699997919
6.54999823 7.599997946
7.54999796 7.499997973
-60.9415954 -57.55504786 -3813.674778 -3813.673275 -34240.58572
1
1
1
1
1
PG S04
E104
O101
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
PG S05
O101
E105
t/d
PG S06
E105
O102
t/d
PG S07
O102
E106
t/d
PG S08
E106
O103
t/d
0
0
0
0
0
486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978
0
0
0
0
0
443.0541023
333.237625
333.237625 181.1809487 161.0475003
54.99612525 223.3656295 223.3366844 456.4668549 486.0240427
0.000226523
0.00188495 0.030830071 0.034703009 1.346218689
3110.31426
3110.31426
3110.31426
3110.31426
3110.31426
262.8568012 204.3021157 204.3021157 123.2247486 112.4894949
4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097614
6759.552468 6683.306267 6683.293159 6577.718634 6563.146097
47009.60857 49633.76337 39337.31087 43107.12057 33362.90531
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
350 391.3980884
250 308.5481984
175
7.449997987 7.439997989 7.389998003 7.379998006 7.329998019
-41059.03089 -41059.03089 -49391.10639 -49391.10607 -57558.33661
1
1
1
1
1
www.prosim.net

Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
Page: 17 / 21
PG S09
O103
E107
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
0
486.8760978
0
142.5644048
514.5327866
1.175847459
3110.31426
102.6342176
4358.097614
6550.390457
33882.20491
Vapour
182.2396884
7.319998022
-57558.33661
1
TG S02
E108
E109
t/d
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW
0
16.0316407
1.177197379
1.822550919
0.464821724
0.000190623
3888.506641
134.7209912
4042.724034
5999.874794
26044.89809
Vapour
63.60017079
6.449998257
-575.0727694
1
PG S10
E107
O104
t/d
0
44.83661247
0
141.8785615
231.3125928
53.64236882
3110.31426
61.96089405
3643.94529
5241.363685
20365.3366
Vapour
65.6574402
7.249998041
1732.473715
1
TG S03
E109
E105
t/d
0
16.0316407
1.177197379
1.822550919
0.464986475
2.58712E-05
3888.506641
134.7209912
4042.724034
5999.874868
28904.94428
Vapour
100
6.43999826
1197.90261
1
PG S11
O104
M103
t/d
PG S12
M103
C101
t/d
TG S01
C101
E108
t/d
0
0
0
44.83661247 55.91307649
16.0316407
0 34.49932639 1.177197379
125.8582112 125.8582112 1.822550919
263.2463569 263.2463569 0.463094038
46.27107651 46.27107651
0.00191831
3110.31426 3888.506641 3888.506641
53.41876453 287.6654242 134.7209912
3643.945282 4701.960113 4042.724034
5233.578798
6744.48607 5999.874011
20779.84707 26508.93082 23327.45565
Vapour
Vapour
Vapour
72.59012207
69.1048027
29.4
7.239998043 7.239998043 6.469998251
1732.473716 -441.3288666 -2238.432867
1
1
1
TG S04
E105
M102
t/d
0
16.0316407
1.177197379
1.822550919
0.465012266
8.04297E-08
3888.506641
134.7209912
4042.724034
5999.87488
42353.57623
Vapour
269.3707912
6.389998273
9529.97837
1
TG S05
M102
R102
t/d
2.093382266
16.03587189
1.177197379
1.822550919
0.465012266
8.04297E-08
3888.506641
134.7209912
4044.821647
6005.006253
42648.37158
Vapour
269.2633248
6.349998284
9472.423332
1
TG S06
R102
T101
t/d
1.40731213
17.1244794
1.177197379
0.182255092
0.332483814
3.6602E-08
3889.876931
134.7209912
4044.82165
6005.485896
43663.2908
Vapour
273.3824657
6.249998311
9472.422883
1
www.prosim.net

Streams
From
To
Partial flowrates
AMMONIA
WATER
NITRIC ACID
NITRIC OXIDE
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Total flowrate
Physical state
Temperature
Pressure
Enthalpy
Vapour fraction
2.3.
Page: 18 / 21
TG S07
Water S01
Water S02
T101
>>>
>>>
H-102
C101
C101
t/d
t/d
t/d
1.40731213
0
0
17.1244794 85.32054742 300.4819279
1.177197379
0
0
0.182255092
0
0
0.332483814
0
0
3.6602E-08
0
0
3889.876931
0
0
134.7209912
0
0
4044.82165 85.32054742 300.4819279
6005.485896 197.3322692
694.964841
177362.1524 3.565546916 12.55714413
Vapour
Liquid
Liquid
92.71229898
25
25
1.029999722 6.499998243 6.599998216
574.4929786 -15659.59244 -55149.95707
1
t/d
kmol/h
m3/h
C
bar
kW

Recovered duty profile
6 000
5 000
Heat duty (kW)
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Stage
www.prosim.net

Page: 19 / 21
NOx content profile

70 000
60 000
NOx content (ppmv)
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
35
Stage
Liquid nitric acid mass fraction profile

0,7
0,6
HNO3 mass fraction
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
0
10
15
20
25
Stage
www.prosim.net

Page: 20 / 21
Partial mass flowrates in gas phase profiles

600
500
400
NO
Flowrate (t/d)
NO2
N2O4
NOX (NO+NO2+2*N2O4)
300
200
100
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Stage
2.4.
Liquid mass fraction profiles

0,6
0,58
0,56
Mass fractions
0,54
0,52
WATER
0,5
NITRIC ACID
0,48
0,46
0,44
0,42
0,4
0
Stage
www.prosim.net

Page: 21 / 21
Vapour phase mass fraction profile

0,035
0,034
Mass fractions
0,034
NITRIC ACID
0,033
0,033
0,032
0,032
0
Stage
3. REFERENCES
[1]
Badoual C.
Acide Nitrique
Techniques de l'Ingnieur, trait de Gnie des Procds
[2]
Clarke Stephen I. and Mazzafro William J.

Nitric Acid
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edition
[3]
Joulia X.
"Contribution au dveloppement d'un programme gnral de simulation. Application l'analyse du
fonctionnement d'un atelier de production d'acide nitrique"
Thse INPT 1981
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PROSIMPLUS HNO3 APPLICATION EXAMPLE

MONOPRESSURE NITRIC ACID

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CORRESPONDING PROSIMPLUS HNO3 FILE

HNO3 monopressure process.pmp

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Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

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Mass and energy balances

Column C101 profiles

Column C102 profiles

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process