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Indiaisanagriculturalcountry.Aboutseventypercentofourpopulation
depends on agriculture. Onethird of our National income comes from
agriculture. Our economy is based on agriculture. The development of
agriculturehasmuchtodowiththeeconomicwelfareofourcountry.
Ouragricultureremainedunderdevelopedforalongtime.Wedid not
produceenoughfoodforourpeople.Ourcountryhadtobuyfoodgrains
from other countries, but the things are changing now. India is
producingmorefoodgrainsthanitsneeds.Somefoodgrainsarebeing
sent to other countries. Great improvements have been made in.
agriculture through our five year plans. Green Revolution has been
broughtaboutintheagriculturalfield.Nowourcountryisselfsufficient
infoodgrains.Itisnowinapositiontoexportsurplusfoodgrainsand
someotheragriculturalproductstoothercountries.
Now India ranks first in the world in the production of tea and
groundnuts. It ranks second in the world in the production of rice,
sugarcane,juteandoilseeds.Tillrecentpastbeforeindependenceour
agriculturedependedonrains.Asaresultouragricultureproducewas
verysmall.Incasethemonsoonsweregood,wegotagoodharvestandin
casethemonsoonswerenotgood,thecropsfailedandtherewasfamine
in some parts of the country. After the independence our Government
madeplansforthedevelopmentofitsagriculture.
Damswereconstructedacrossmanyofthemainriversandcanalswere
dug out to provide water for the irrigation of the land. Tubewells and
pumpsets were provided to the farmers to irrigate the fields, where
canalwatercouldnotreach.Theuseofbetterseeds,fertilizersandnew
techniques in agriculture, has brought about a revolution called the
GreenRevolutioninagriculture.Ouragricultureproducehasincreased
manifolds, but the progress is still hot sufficient. Our population is
growingatafastrate.Everyyearwehave"millionsofnewmouthstobe
feeded.Wemustcheckthisfastgrowingpopulation.
In the past irrigation facilities were not sufficient. Farmers depended
mainlyonrainwaterforirrigation.Canalsandtubewellswereveryfew.

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1000wordsessayonagricultureinIndia
UnderthefiveyearplansourGovernmenthasbuiltdamsonmanyofthe
rivers. BhakraNangal Project, Damodar Valley Project, Hirakud Dam,
NagarjunaSagarDam,KrishnaSagarDamandMetturDamaresomeof
these dams. Water is stored in big lakes and reservoirs for generating
electricityforourindustriesandagriculture.Waterofthedamsisbeing
takenbycanalstodistantlandsforirrigation.Tubewellsandpumping
setshavebeensuppliedtothefarmers.Nowmorelandisirrigatedand
bettercropsareproduced.
Ourlandwasloosingitsfertilitybeingputtocultivationcontinuouslyfor
yearstogether.Cattledungwhichisthebestformofmanure,wasbeing
used as fuel. The use of manures and fertilizers helps to restore the
fertility of the soil. Our Govern
ment has set up fertilizer plants at
Nangal,Sindri,Trombay,Gorakhpur,KamrupandNeyveli.Manynew
fertilizer factories are being built. Some chemical fertilizers are being
importedfromothercountries.TheGovernmentissupplyingsufficient
fertilizers to the farmers. The use of these "chemical fertilizers has
increasedouragricultureproducemanifolds.
Ourfarmerswereusingtheprimitivemethodsofagriculture.Foryears
theyhavebeensowingtheseedsproducedbythemselves.Theseseeds
werenotqualityseedsandtheyieldwaslow.Nowhighyieldingvarities
from Government farms are being supplied to the farmers. These
improvedandbetterseedshaveconsiderablyraisedourfarmproduce.
The area of the land under cultivation has been decreasing year after
year. More and more land is required for building houses, factories,
roads and other buildings. Therefore the area of the land under
cultivationisdecreasing.Tomeetthisshortagemoreandmorebarren,
waste and kullar land should be reclaimed and brought under plough.
OurGovernmentisreclaimingmorewastelandanditisbeingbrought
undercultivation,byusingproperchemicalsandirrigationfacilities.
Insectsanddiseasescausegreatharmtothecrops.Thecropsmust be
protectedagainstpestsandinsectstogetproperyield.TheGovernment
is supplying pesticides and insecticides to the farmers at subsidized
rates.Theuseofpesticidesandinsecticideshasincreasedthequantity
andqualityofagricultureproduce.
Thesoilhasbeenloosingitsfertilitybythesowingofthesamecropsyear
afteryear.Therotationofcropsisagoodmethodtogetbetteryieldfrom
the land. By changing the crop pattern the land remains fertile and
producesbettercrops.Thefarmershavebeentakenupcroprotation.
Our farmers have been using old methods and old implements for
farming. Our farmers have been using wooden plough for centuries. It
couldnotploughthelandquitedeep.Nowironploughsarebeingused.
Theseploughscantillthelanddeeperandpreparethefieldforsowingin
lessertime.Banksandcooperativesocietieshavegivenloanstofarmers
at low rate of interest. The farmers have bought new implements,
fertilizers,improvedseedsandfarmmachinerywiththeseloans.Alarge
numberoffarmersnowusetractorsforploughing,sowingandreaping
thecrops.Theyhaveboughtnewimplementsforfarming.Thefarming
hasbecomemoreeasyandconvenient.Thishasgivenaforwardpushto
theagricultureproductioninourcountry.
Now the Government is trying to educate the farmers. Agriculture
colleges and universities have been set up. They give all type of
knowledge regarding agricultural science to the young farm students.
These colleges and universities organize orientation courses for the
farmers. These courses train the people in modern techniques and
methods of farming. The Doordarshan and Aakashvani are also
educating the farmers regarding the new techniques in farming. They

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1000wordsessayonagricultureinIndia
have started special programmers like Krishl Darshan and Kheti Ki
Batenexclusivelyforthefarmers.
TheGovernmentistryingtohelpthefarmersinmanyways.Ithassetup
agencies like the Food Corporation of India to purchase the farm
produce directly from the farmers at Government rates so that the
farmersmaynotbefleecedbythemiddlemen.
Thusweseethateveryeffortisbeingmadetodevelopouragriculture
and boost the agriculture production. We should not rest here. We
shouldcontinueoureffortstodevelopouragriculturestillfurther.

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