RFID BASED SECURITY SYSTEM

Submitted By:

INTRODUCTION
This project aimed to develop a wireless system to detect and allow only
the authorized persons. The system was based on Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) technology and consists of a passive RFID tag.
The passive micro transponder tag collects power from the 125 KHz
magnetic field generated by the base station, gathers information about
the Tag ID and sends this information to the base station. The base
station receives, decodes and checks the information available in its
Database and Manchester code was used to send those information. The
system performed as desired with a 10cm diameter antenna attached to
the transponder. The Base Station is built by using the Popular 8051
family Microcontroller. It gets the tag ID and if the tag ID is stored in its
memory then the microcontroller will allow the person inside.

HARDWARE USED
1.

89S52 Microcontroller

2.

Voltage regulator 7805.

3.

Diode IN4007

4.

RFID Module.

5.

Some other components.

6.

L293D

SOFTWARE USED
1. Keil u-Vision 3.0
Keil Software is used provide you with software development tools for
8051 based microcontrollers. With the Keil tools, you can generate
embedded applications for virtually every 8051 derivative. The
supported microcontrollers are listed in the -vision.

2 PRO51 Programmer Software

AN INTRODUCTION TO 8051
MICROCONTROLLER:

When we have to learn about a new computer we have to

familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it
by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also
to know about the size, number and the size of the registers.
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the
CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile
memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit.
Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units
(MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to
appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or
more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block
diagram of microcontroller.

INTRODUCTION TO RFID

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification

method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices

called RFID tags or transponders. The technology requires some extent

of cooperation of an RFID reader and an RFID tag.
An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a
product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking
using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and
beyond the line of sight of the reader.
An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a
product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking
using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and
beyond the line of sight of the reader.

What is RFID?
A basic RFID system consists of three components:
a) An antenna or coil
b) A transceiver (with decoder)
c) A transponder (RF tag)

Electronically programmed with unique information. There are many

different types of RFID systems out in the market. They are categorized

according to their frequency ranges. Some of the most commonly used

RFID kits are as follows:

1) Low-frequency (30 KHz to 500 KHz)

2) Mid-Frequency (900KHz to 1500MHz)
3) High Frequency (2.4GHz to 2.5GHz)

These frequency ranges mostly tell the RF ranges of the tags from low
frequency tag ranging from 3m to 5m, mid-frequency ranging from 5m
to 17m and high frequency ranging from 5ft to 90ft. The cost of the
system is based according to their ranges with low-frequency system
ranging from a few hundred dollars to a high-frequency system ranging
somewhere near 5000 dollars.

Typical Applications for RFID

Automatic Vehicle identification

Inventory Management

Work-in-Process

Container/ Yard Management

Document/ Jewelry tracking

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

REGULATED
POWER
SUPPLY

RFID READER
& TAG

BUZZER

P89C51
MICRO
CONTROLLE
R

LCD
DISPLAY