AfricanGeographyandHistory

EssentialQuestions

ContentKnowledge

Whatarethegeographical
characteristicsofAfrica?

Vocabulary:

WhyisAfricaconsideredthe
birthplaceofhumanity

Whereandhowdidhumans
originate?

Vocabulary:

WestAfricanCivilizations

EssentialQuestion
WhyisWestAfrica
significantfor
AfricanAmericanhistory?

Vocabulary:

Berbers

ForestRegion

ContentKnowledge

AncientGhana

AncientMali

Trade

WhatimpactdidIslamhave
onWestAfrica?

Vocabulary:

Arabic

Islam

IndigenousReligion

Howdoesslaveryaffect
WestAfrica?

Europeans

WestAfricankingdoms


Readthepassageonpage16:
AlBakriDescribesKumbiSalehandGhanasRoyalCourt.
1.Sketchthelayoutofthetownsbelow.
2.Labelthetownsandfeaturesaroundthem.

Answerincompletesentences.
3.Describethekingsappearance.

4.Describethepeoplewhoarearoundtheking.

5.Describehowpeopletreatthekingdifferently.

VideopreviewDefineslaveryusingyourownwords.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Videoreflection
1.Howdoesslaveryexistintheworldtoday?Provide2examples.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.Whatsurprisedyouthemostaboutthevideo?
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________


Evidence

Whatdoyou
observe?

Whatconceptofculture
doesthisrepresent?

"[Thesultan]hasaloftypavilion,ofwhichthe

doorisinsidehishouse,wherehesitsformost
ofthetime....Therecameforthfromthegate
ofthepalaceabout300slaves,somecarrying
intheirhandsbowsandothershavingintheir
handsshortlancesandshields...Thentwo
saddledandbridledhorsesarebrought,with
tworamswhich,theysay,areeffectiveagainst
theevileye....Dugha,theinterpreter,stands
atthegateofthecouncilplacewearingfine
garmentsofsilkbrocadeandothermaterials,
andonhisheadaturbanwithfringeswhich
theyhaveanovelwayofwinding....The
troops,governors,youngmen,slaves,the
Masufa,andotherssitoutsidethecouncilplace
inabroadstreetwheretherearetrees....
Insidethecouncilplacebeneaththearchesa
manisstanding.Anyonewhowishesto
addressthesultanaddressesDughaand
Dughaaddressesthatmanstandingandthat
manstandingaddressesthesultan.Ifoneof
themaddressesthesultanandthelatter[the
Sultan]repliesheuncoverstheclothesfromhis
backandsprinklesdustonhisheadandback,
likeonewashinghimselfwithwater.Iusedto
marvelhowtheireyesdidnotbecomeblinded."
IbnBattuta

WhatcanbeconcludedabouttheKingdomofMalibasedonyourobservations?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

WestAfricanCivilizationsNotes

WestAfricasgreatethnicandculturaldiversitymakesitdifficulttogeneralizeaboutthe
socialandculturalbackgroundofthefirstAfricanAmericans
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatroledidgender
playinthe
Patrilineal
organizationofWest

Africanvillagelife?

Vocabulary:

Patrilineal

Matrilineal

Polygynous
Elders

Indigenous

Whatwasvillagelife
like?

Homes

Possessions

Diet

Labor

Matrilineal

Extended
families


GroupActivity:EachMemberinagroupwillbeassignedaroleandwillbe
responsibleforthenotesforasectioninthetextbook.Afterreadingthesection
theleaderwillberesponsibleforsharingthisinformationwithinthegroup.

Women
Leader:
______________

ClassandSlavery
Leader:

______________

Religion
Leader:

______________

ArtandLiterature
Leader:

_______________

Name:______________________________________Period:______Date:___________
Unit1
AfricanCivilizationsandCultureQuiz

1.WhatphysicalfeatureoccupiesmuchofNorthAfrica?_____________________________
2.IdentifythegeographicfeaturethatmostbenefitedtheEgyptiancivilization.______________
3.ListthethreeclimateregionsfoundinAfrica.__________________________________
____________________
4.Describetheclimateinoneoftheregionsfromquestion3.

5.WhatisawayofknowingusedbytheAncientEgyptians?___________________________
6.WhatmineralwasusedascurrencyinWestAfricatrading?__________________________
7.WhatmonotheisticreligioninfluencedthelanguageandcultureofWestAfrica?___________
8.Asonwould
not
succeedhisfatherina_____________________lineage.
9.WhatisacommonformofgovernanceinAfricancivilizations?______________________
10.HowdidWestAfricanspreservememories?___________________________________

Name:______________________________________Period:______Date:___________
Unit1
AfricanCivilizationsandCultureQuiz
1.WhatphysicalfeatureoccupiesmuchofNorthAfrica?_____________________________
2.IdentifythegeographicfeaturethatmostbenefitedtheEgyptiancivilization.______________
3.ListthethreeclimateregionsfoundinAfrica.__________________________________
____________________
4.Describetheclimateinoneoftheregionsfromquestion3.

5.WhatisawayofknowingusedbytheAncientEgyptians?___________________________
6.WhatmineralwasusedascurrencyinWestAfricatrading?__________________________
7.WhatmonotheisticreligioninfluencedthelanguageandcultureofWestAfrica?___________
8.Asonwould
not
succeedhisfatherina_____________________lineage.
9.WhatisacommonformofgovernanceinAfricancivilizations?______________________
10.HowdidWestAfricanspreservememories?___________________________________

Ch.21MiddlePassage
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Howdidthearrivalof
Europeansaffect
Africa?

Vocabulary
colonization

Colonization
Who?

Why?

Where?

IndigenousPeople

Howdidtheslave
tradeinAfricadiffer
fromtheAtlantic
slavetrade?

Vocabulary
chattel

________________and_______________wereancient
phenomenathatexistedinallcultures.

Thebeginning

Wasraceafactorintheearlyslavetrade?

Whatwasthetriangle
trade?

Vocabulary

AtlanticSlaveTrade

TriangleTrade
1.

2.

SlaveTradeinAfrica

AtlanticSlaveTrade

Ch.22FromCapturetoDestination
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

HowdidAfricanscome
tobeenslaved?

factories

Warfare

Purposeoffactories

Whathappenedto
Africansbetween
captureanddeparture
fortheAmericas?

FamiliesandEthnicgroupsweredividedasmuchas
possible.Why?

Whatwasthemiddle
passage?

slavers

Bythenumbers
12million

350600

90

Writeathesisstatement.
Refertothepaperguidelinesandcreateathesisstatementforyourpaper.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Unit1EssayFormat
Introduction
TheHookUseaninterestingfact,anumber,aquote,oraquestiontostartyouressay.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
StateyourThesisWhatareyougoingtotryandprove?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
Whatexamplesareyougoingtousetoproveyourthesis?
#1.__________________________________________________________________________.
#2.__________________________________________________________________________.
BodyParagraph#1.Describetheexample,usedetailsandexplainhowitsupportsthethesis.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.
BodyParagraph#2.Describetheexample,usedetailsandexplainhowitsupportsthethesis.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
ConclusionRecapyourtopic,examplesandyourthesis.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________


Chapter23LandingandSaleinWestIndies
EssentialQuestion ContentKnowledge
Whathappenedto
Africansafter
crossingtheAtlantic?
planters

Rest

Sale

Plantation

Whatwasseasoning
andwhywasitused?

Seasoning
Creoles
newAfricans

Seasoning

Creoles

driver/greatgang

WhydidtheAtlantic
slavetradeend?

Religious/MoralObjection

$Industryvs.Agriculture

ReviewforTest
Studyvocabulary
1.

WhataretheclimateregionsofAfrica?___________________________

2.

HowdidtheNileshapeEgyptianculture?_________________________

3.

WhatallowedwesternAfricansocietiestoflourish?_________________

4.

Whatisthedifferencebetweenpatrilinealand
matrilineal?__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5.

Whatisslavery?Howlonghasit
existed?_____________________________________________________

6.

DescribeAfricanslavetradevs.Atlanticslavetrade.

7.

WhowasinvolvedintheAtlanticslavetrade?

8.

Describethemiddlepassage.


Name(5points):______________________________________Period:___________
Date:_______
Unit1Exam1
Respondtothefollowingquestionsprompts.Remembertousedetails.
Pointswillbedeductedformissingandincorrectdetails.20pts.each
1.
Identify

twogeographicfeatures
onthecontinentofAfrica.and
describe
howeachofthemaffectedAncientAfricancivilization.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

2.

Describe
how
trade
changedAfricancivilizations.Useatleast
two
examplesinyourdescription.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

3.

Explain
howthearrivalofEuropeansintheNewWorldaffected
AfricansinAfrica.Use
two
detailstosupportyourexplanation.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

Rewritethefollowingstatementtomakeitcorrectusingwhatyou
knowaboutvocabularyandcontent.
4.
Patrilinealsuccessionensuredleadershipstayedwiththefemale
sideofthefamily.
__________________________________________________________
5.
ArabicisanindigenouslanguagetoAfrica.
__________________________________________________________
6.
Slaveryisarelativelynewphenomenonintheworld.
__________________________________________________________

7.
TheAfricanslavetradedescribeshowgoodsandslaveswere
tradedthroughoutEurope,AfricaandtheNewWorld.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
8.
ThenumberofslavesthatweretransportedtotheNewWorld
numberinthethousands.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

9.
Thedesertwouldbebestdescribedasagrasslandwithfewtrees.
__________________________________________________________
10.
NearlyofallcapturedAfricansdidnotsurvivethemiddle
passage.
__________________________________________________________

Chapter32AfricansArriveintheChesapeake

EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Howwaslaboracquired
intheChesapeake
region?

indenturedservant

Jamestown

Indenturedservants

Whatroledidindentured
servitudeplayintheearly
economyofthe
Chesapeakecolonies?

chattelslavery

Tobaccoplantations

theunthinkingdecision

Causes:

Whateconomicand
demographic
developmentsledtothe
enslavementofpeopleof
Africandescent?

Changesinindenturedservitude

Changestoslavelabor

1662
Partussequiturventrem

Chapter32AfricansArriveintheChesapeake
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Howwaslabor
acquiredinthe
Chesapeakeregion?

indenturedservant

Jamestown

Indenturedservants

Whatroledid
indenturedservitude
playintheearly
economyofthe
Chesapeakecolonies?

chattelslavery

Tobaccoplantations

theunthinkingdecision

Causes:

Whateconomicand
demographic
developmentsledto
theenslavementof
peopleofAfrican
descent?

Changesinindenturedservitude

Changestoslavelabor

1662
Partussequiturventrem


Summarizehowandwhyindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslavery
intheChesapeakecolonies.Use3detailsfromyourtimeline.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Summarizehowandwhyindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslaveryinthe
Chesapeakecolonies.Use3detailsfromyourtimeline.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Chapter32AfricansArriveintheChesapeake

EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatwerethe

characteristicsofplantation Smallfarm
slavery?

Largeplantation

Whatwereconditionslike
inthetobaccocolonies?

Indenturedservitudegavewayto
slavery

Whatwerethe
characteristicsof
lowcountryslavery?

Population
Crops
Laws
Creoleculture

Howdoesinterracial
contactshapepeoplein
thecolonies?

mulattoes

miscegenation

creolization

interracialmarriage

ReadthedescriptionofthedailylifeofAfricanAmericansonpage8586.
Recorddetailsabouttheirlifeinthetablebelow.
Housing

Possessions

Clothing

Food

Chapter34
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatmajorelements Whatwaslost?
ofWestAfrican

culturewereretained Whatwasretained?
andpassedontothe
nextgenerations?
Family(8889)

kinrelationships

namingpractices

religion

TheGreatAwakening Whatwasit?
(p.9091)

Raceandclass

Beliefs

LanguageMusicand
Literature(p.9192)

Dialects

creolewords:

Music
stories

ImpactonColonial
culture(p.94)
Leader:

Language

Food

Labor

Whatare3waysthatfamilyandkinrelationshipsshapeAfricanAmericanculture?
1.

2.

3.

Whatmajorelementsofculturewerepassedfromgenerationtogeneration?

WhywereAfricanAmericansnotpermittedtopracticeChristianitybefore1750?

HowdidcolonialculturechangeasaresultofAfricanAmericaninfluence?

Chapter35SlaveryinColonialAmerica
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatwasslaverylike
inNortherncolonies?

Quakers

slavecode

as
simil
ation

SlaveryinCulture
NewEngland

MiddleColonies

Population

Whatwasslaverylike
inSouthernColonies?

ac
cultur
ated

outliers

maroons

SlaveryinCulture

Population

EvaluationQuestions

Comments/
Score

Content
Doesitachieveitspurpose?
Arethereenoughdetails?
Aretheideasrelatedtothetopic?

40

Organization
Areideasanddetailsarrangedinaneffective
order?
Aretheconnectionsbetweenideas,sentences
and
paragraphsclear?

40

Style
Isthemeaningofeachsentenceclear?
Dosentencesreadsmoothly?

10

GrammarandUsage
Isthepaperfreeofproblemsingrammarand
usage?

10

Chapter41
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatwasthecrisisin
theBritishEmpire?

WarwithFrance

Wars________________._____________should
payforthewar.

WhatBritishpoliciesin
the1760sledto
resentmentinthe
colonies?

ProclamationLine

SugarAct

StampAct

TownshendAct

WhowasCrispus
Attucks?

Earlylife

BostonMassacre

MartyrandVillain?

Chapter42TheDeclarationofIndependenceandAfricanAmericans
Essential
Question

ContentKnowledge

Whatinfluencedidthe
ideasofthe
Enlightenmenthave
onIndependence?

Enlightenment

naturallaws

AgeofReason

JohnLockenaturalrights

____________,___________and__________

Governmentsrole

Whatdidthe
Declarationof
Independencemean
toAfricanAmericans?

Slaverywasusedtodescribe
____________________

SlavesandFreeAfricanAmericans

In1770,CrispusAttucks,ablackman,becamethefirstcasualtyoftheAmericanRevolutionwhen
hewasshotandkilledinwhatbecameknownastheBostonMassacre.AlthoughAttuckswascredited
astheleaderandinstigatoroftheevent,debateragedforoverascenturyastowhetherhewasahero
andapatriot,orarabblerousingvillain.
Attucks'occupationmadehimparticularlyvulnerabletothepresenceoftheBritish.Asaseaman,
hefelttheeverpresentdangerofimpressmentintotheBritishnavy.Asalaborer,hefeltthe
competitionfromBritishtroops,whooftentookparttimejobsduringtheiroffdutyhoursandworkedfor
lowerwages.AfightbetweenBostonropemakersandthreeBritishsoldiersonFriday,March2,1770
setthestageforalaterconfrontation.ThatfollowingMondaynight,tensionsescalatedwhenasoldier
enteredapubtolookforwork,andinsteadfoundagroupofangryseamenthatincludedAttucks.
Thateveningagroupofaboutthirty,describedbyJohnAdamsas"amotleyrabbleofsaucyboys,
negroesandmolattoes,Irishteaguesandoutlandishjacktarrs,"begantauntingtheguardatthe
customhousewithsnowballs,sticksandinsults.Sevenotherredcoatscametothelonesoldier's
rescue,andAttuckswasoneoffivemenkilledwhentheyopenedfire.

A"CrispusAttucksDay"wasinauguratedbyblackabolitionistsin1858,andin1888,theCrispus
AttucksMonumentwaserectedontheBostonCommon,despitetheoppositionoftheMassachusetts
HistoricalSocietyandtheNewEnglandHistoricGenealogicalSociety,whichregardedAttucksasa
villain.

Thedebatenotwithstanding,Attucks,immortalizedas"thefirsttodefy,thefirsttodie,"hasbeen
laudedasatruemartyr,"thefirsttopourouthisbloodasapreciouslibationonthealtarofapeople's
rights."

TheacronymAPPARTSprovidesstudentswithpromptsthatgivesthema
formatfordissecting
andanalyzingprimarysources.Oncestudentsarecomfortableusingthis
strategytheywillhaveavaluableanalyticaltool.
Author:
Whocreatedthesource?Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Whatisthe
author'spointofview?
Placeandtime
:Whereandwhenwasthesourceproduced?Howmightthisaffectthe
meaningofthesource?
Priorknowledge
:Beyondinformationabouttheauthorandthecontextofitscreation,
whatdoyouknowthatwouldhelpyoufurtherunderstandtheprimarysource?For
example,doyourecognizeanysymbolsandrecallwhattheyrepresent?
Audience:
Forwhomwasthesourcecreatedandhowmightthisaffectthereliability
ofthesource?
Reason:
Whywasthissourceproduced,andhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthe
source?
Themainidea:
Whatpointisthesourceistryingtoconvey?
Significance
:Whyisthissourceimportant?Askyourself"Sowhat?"inrelationtothe
questionasked

Name:
ExitTicket
WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Name:
ExitTicket
WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Name:
ExitTicket
WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Name:
ExitTicket
WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Name:
ExitTicket
WhatweretwocausesoftheAmericanRevolution?

WhathappenedattheBostonMassacre?

HowwouldyoudescribeCrispusAttucks?

Chapter42TheDeclarationofIndependenceandAfricanAmericans
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatinfluencedid
theideasofthe
Enlightenmenthave
onIndependence?

Enlightenment

naturallaws

AgeofReason

JohnLockenaturalrights

____________,___________and__________

Governmentsrole

Whatdidthe
Declarationof
Independencemean
toAfrican
Americans?

Slaverywasusedtodescribe____________________

SlavesandFreeAfricanAmericans

TheacronymAPPARTSprovidesstudentswithpromptsthatgivesthema
formatfordissecting
andanalyzingprimarysources.Oncestudentsarecomfortableusingthis
strategytheywillhaveavaluableanalyticaltool.
Author:
Whocreatedthesource?Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor?Whatisthe
author'spointofview?
Placeandtime
:Whereandwhenwasthesourceproduced?Howmightthisaffectthe
meaningofthesource?
Priorknowledge
:Beyondinformationabouttheauthorandthecontextofitscreation,
whatdoyouknowthatwouldhelpyoufurtherunderstandtheprimarysource?For
example,doyourecognizeanysymbolsandrecallwhattheyrepresent?
Audience:
Forwhomwasthesourcecreatedandhowmightthisaffectthereliability
ofthesource?
Reason:
Whywasthissourceproduced,andhowmightthisaffectthereliabilityofthe
source?
Themainidea:
Whatpointisthesourceistryingtoconvey?
Significance
:Whyisthissourceimportant?Askyourself"Sowhat?"inrelationtothe
questionasked

Name:____________________________________
1.
WhatEnlightenmentideasinfluencedtheAmericanRevolution?

2.
AccordingtoLocke,theroleofthegovernmentwasto_______________andifitdidnotdo
thisthen______________________________.

3.
WhywereAfricanAmericanshopefulabouttheRevolution?

Rev'dandhonor'dSir,

IhavethisDayreceivedyourobligingkindEpistle,andamgreatlysatisfied
withyourReasonsrespectingtheNegroes,andthinkhighlyreasonablewhat
youofferinVindicationoftheirnaturalRights:Thosethatinvadethem
cannotbeinsensiblethatthedivineLightischasingawaythethickDarkness
whichbroodsovertheLandofAfricaandtheChaoswhichhasreign'dso
long,isconvertingintobeautifulOrder,and[r]evealsmoreandmoreclearly,
thegloriousDispensationofcivilandreligiousLiberty,whichareso
inseparablyLimited,thatthereislittleornoEnjoymentofoneWithoutthe
other:Otherwise,perhaps,theIsraeliteshadbeenlesssolicitousfortheir
FreedomfromEgyptianslaveryIdonotsaytheywouldhavebeen
contentedwithoutit,bynomeans,forineveryhumanBreast,Godhas
implantedaPrinciple,whichwecallLoveofFreedomitisimpatientof
Oppression,andpantsforDeliveranceandbytheLeaveofourmodern
EgyptiansIwillassert,thatthesamePrinciplelivesinus.Godgrant
DeliveranceinhisownWayandTime,andgethimhonouruponallthose
whoseAvariceimpelsthemtocountenanceandhelpforwardtileCalamities
oftheirfellowCreatures.ThisIdesirenotfortheirHurt,buttoconvincethem
ofthestrangeAbsurdityoftheirConductwhoseWordsandActionsareso
diametrically,opposite.HowwelltheCryforLiberty,andthereverse
DispositionfortheexerciseofoppressivePoweroverothersagree,
IhumblythinkitdoesnotrequirethePenetrationofaPhilosopherto
determine.

PhyllisWheatly
TheConnecticutGazette
,March11,1774


Chapter43AfricanAmericansintheWarforIndependence
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

WhatrolesdidAfrican
AmericansplayintheWar
forIndependence?

AfricanAmericansfoughtfor___________and
____________.
EarlyBattlesAprilJune1775

July1775

WhydidsomeAfrican
Americanssupportthe
Loyalists?
Loyalist

Britishrecruited________________,promising
________________iftheyfoughtforthem.

Whatdidthiscause?

WhydidsomeAfrican
Americanssupportthe
Patriots?
Patriot

Dec.1775

Noguarantees

OnlyMaryland

DunmoreAPPARTS
Author

PlaceandTime

PriorKnowledge

Audience

Reason

TheMainIdea

Significance

Name:
1) WhatsidewasDunmorerecruitingslavestofightfor?
2) Whodidthisharmandwhydiditharmthem?

3) WhathappensasaresultofDunmoresproclamation


Ch.45RevolutionandEmancipation
Essential
Question

ContentKnowledge

Howdidthe
Revolutionweaken
slavery?

North_____________________,__________________
and___________________encouragedstatestoabolish
slavery.
South______________slavepopulationsandlarge
______________________outweighed_________
reasonstoabolishslavery.

Howmightone
explainQuaker
involvementinthe
antislavery
movement?

Quakersemphasize___________,________________
and__________________.
1758

Whateconomic
challengesdid
newlyfreedblack
peoplefaceafter
theRevolution?

Lacked______________________tobecome
independent__________________,___________,or
___________________.
Manywereforcedtoremainwith__________________

Ch.45RevolutionandEmancipation
Essential
Question

ContentKnowledge

Howdidthe
Revolutionweaken
slavery?

North_____________________,__________________
and___________________encouragedstatestoabolish
slavery.
South______________slavepopulationsandlarge
______________________outweighed_________
reasonstoabolishslavery.

Howmightone
explainQuaker
involvementinthe
antislavery
movement?

Quakersemphasize___________,________________
and__________________.
1758

Whateconomic
challengesdid
newlyfreedblack
peoplefaceafter
theRevolution?

Lacked______________________tobecome
independent__________________,___________,or
___________________.
Manywereforcedtoremainwith
__________________

SIR,
IAMfullysensibleofthegreatnessofthatfreedom,whichItakewithyouonthepresent
occasionalibertywhichseemedtomescarcelyallowable,whenIreflectedonthat
distinguishedanddignifiedstationinwhichyoustand,andthealmostgeneralprejudice
andprepossession,whichissoprevalentintheworldagainstthoseofmycomplexion.

Isupposeitisatruthtoowellattestedtoyou,toneedaproofhere,thatwearearaceof
beings,whohavelonglaboredundertheabuseandcensureoftheworldthatwehave
longbeenlookeduponwithaneyeofcontemptandthatwehavelongbeenconsidered
ratherasbrutishthanhuman,andscarcelycapableofmentalendowments.

Sir,IhopeImaysafelyadmit,inconsequenceofthatreportwhichhathreachedme,that
youareamanfarlessinflexibleinsentimentsofthisnature,thanmanyothersthatyou
aremeasurablyfriendly,andwelldisposedtowardsusandthatyouarewillingandready
tolendyouraidandassistancetoourrelief,fromthosemanydistresses,andnumerous
calamities,towhichwearereduced.NowSir,ifthisisfoundedintruth,Iapprehendyou
willembraceeveryopportunity,toeradicatethattrainofabsurdandfalseideasand
opinions,whichsogenerallyprevailswithrespecttousandthatyoursentimentsare
concurrentwithmine,whichare,thatoneuniversalFatherhathgivenbeingtousalland
thathehathnotonlymadeusallofoneflesh,butthathehathalso,withoutpartiality,
affordedusallthesamesensationsandendowedusallwiththesamefacultiesandthat
howevervariablewemaybeinsocietyorreligion,howeverdiversifiedinsituationor
color,weareallofthesamefamily,andstandinthesamerelationtohim...

...This,Sir,wasatimewhenyouclearysawintotheinjusticeofastateofslavery,andin
whichyouhadjustapprehensionsofthehorrorsofitscondition.Itwasnowthatyour
abhorrencethereofwassoexcited,thatyoupubliclyheldforththistrueandinvaluable
doctrine,whichisworthytoberecordedandrememberedinallsucceedingages:``We
holdthesetruthstobeselfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequalthattheyareendowed
bytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,andthatamongtheseare,life,liberty,and
thepursuitofhappiness.''Herewasatime,inwhichyourtenderfeelingsforyourselves
hadengagedyouthustodeclare,youwerethenimpressedwithproperideasofthegreat
violationofliberty,andthefreepossessionofthoseblessings,towhichyouwereentitled
bynaturebut,Sir,howpitiableisittoreflect,thatalthoughyouweresofullyconvincedof
thebenevolenceoftheFatherofMankind,andofhisequalandimpartialdistributionof
theserightsandprivileges,whichhehathconferreduponthem,thatyoushouldatthe
sametimecounteracthismercies,indetainingbyfraudandviolencesonumerousapart
ofmybrethren,undergroaningcaptivityandcrueloppression,thatyoushouldatthe
sametimebefoundguiltyofthatmostcriminalact,whichyouprofessedlydetestedin
others,withrespecttoyourselves.

Andnow,Sir,Ishallconclude,andsubscribemyself,withthemostprofoundrespect,
Yourmostobedienthumbleservant,

BENJAMINBANNEKER.
August19.1791(excerptfromsource:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h71t.html)

Unit1ConceptandWritingAssessment
1.
APPARTSforBannekersletter
A
P
P
A
R
T
S
a. WhyisBannekerwritingtoJefferson?________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
b. WhatargumentsdoesheuseinhiswritingtorefuteJeffersonsclaims?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2.

HowdidtheEnlightenmentaffectAfricanAmericansduringtherevolutionary
era?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.

Describethedifferencebetweenindenturedservantsandslaves.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4.

Describehowindenturedservitudewasreplacedbyslavery.Provide
2
specificreasonsthatdescribewhythishappened.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Chapter51SlaveryBeginstoUnfold
EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Whatforcesworked
forblackfreedom
afterthe
Revolution?

Economic$

Morals

Legal

Howdid
Emancipationoccur
intheNorth?

emancipation

Whyisthe
Northwest
Ordinance
important?

TheArticlesofConfederationdid______________
TheNorthwestOrdinancemade_________________.
A__________and____________differencecontinues
west.

1.

WhatdidtheArticlesofConfederationdo?

2.

HowdidtheNorthwestOrdinancechangeslavery?

3.

Whatstatesabolishedslaveryinthe1700s?

(RepresentativesanddirectTaxesshallbe
apportioned
amongtheseveralStates
whichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectiveNumbers,
whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholeNumberoffreePersons,including
thoseboundtoServiceforaTermofYears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,three
fifthsofallotherPersons.)
U.S.ConstitutionArticle1Section2

Rewriteinyourwords

TheMigrationorImportationofsuchPersonsasanyoftheStatesnowexistingshallthink
propertoadmit,shallnotbeprohibitedbytheCongresspriortotheYearonethousand
eighthundredandeight,butaTaxordutymaybeimposedonsuchImportation,not
exceedingtendollarsforeachPerson
U.S.ConstitutionArticle1Section9

Rewriteinyourwords

APersonchargedinanyStatewithTreason,Felony,orotherCrime,whoshallfleefrom
Justice,andbefoundinanotherState,shallonDemandoftheexecutiveAuthorityofthe
Statefromwhichhefled,bedeliveredup,toberemovedtotheStatehavingJurisdictionof
theCrime.
NoPersonheldtoServiceorLabourinoneState,undertheLawsthereof,escapinginto
another,shall,inConsequenceofanyLaworRegulationtherein,bedischargedfromsuch
ServiceorLabour,butshallbedelivereduponClaimofthePartytowhomsuchServiceor
Labourmaybedue
.
U.S.ConstitutionArticle4Section2

Rewriteinyourwords

1.

WhendoyouthinkthatslaverycouldbeabolishedbasedontheConstitution?

2.

HowdoestheConstitutionprotectslavery?

3.

DescribehowtheConstitutionrecognizesthestatusofslaveswhencounting
population?

Did African-American Slaves Rebel?

by
HenryLouisGates,Jr.
|Originallypostedon
TheRoot

OneofthemostperniciousallegationsmadeagainsttheAfricanAmericanpeoplewasthat
ourslaveancestorswereeitherexceptionallydocileorcontentandloyal,thusexplaining
theirpurportedfailuretorebelextensively.SomeevencompareenslavedAmericanstotheir
brothersandsistersinBrazil,Cuba,SurinameandHaiti,thelastofwhomdefeatedthemost
powerfularmyintheworld,Napoleonsarmy,becomingthefirstslavesinhistoryto
successfullystrikeablowfortheirownfreedom.
AsthehistorianHerbertApthekerinformsusin
AmericanNegroSlaveRevolts
,nooneput
thisdishonest,nakedlyproslaveryargumentmorebaldlythantheHarvardhistorianJames
Schoulerin1882,whoattributedthisspuriousconclusiontotheinnatepatience,docility,
andchildlikesimplicityofthenegrowho,hefelt,wasanimitatorandnonmoralist,
learningdeceitandlibertinismwithfacility,beingeasilyintimidated,incapableofdeep
plotsinshort,Negroeswereablackservilerace,sensuous,stupid,brutish,obedientto
thewhip,childreninimagination.
Considerhowbizarrethiswas:Itwasntenoughthatslaveshadbeensubjugatedundera
harshandbrutalregimefortwoandahalfcenturiesfollowingthecollapseof
Reconstruction,thisschoolofhistoriansunapologeticallysupportiveofslaverykicked
theslavesagainfornotrisingupmorefrequentlytokilltheiroppressivemasters.Andlestwe
thinkthatthisphenomenonwasrelegatedto19thandearly20thcenturyscholars,aslate
as1959,StanleyElkinsdrewapictureoftheslavesasinfantilizedSambosinhisbook
Slavery:AProbleminAmericanInstitutionalandIntellectualLife
,reducedtothestatusofthe
passive,perpetualchildbytheseverelyoppressiveformofAmericanslavery,andthus
unabletorebel.RarelycanIthinkofacolder,nastiersetofclaimsthantheseaboutthelack
ofcourageormanhoodoftheAfricanAmericanslaves.
So,didAfricanAmericanslavesrebel?Ofcoursetheydid.Asearlyas1934,ouroldfriend
JoelA.Rogersidentified33slaverevolts,includingNatTurners,inhis
100AmazingFacts.
Andnineyearslater,thehistorianHerbertApthekerpublishedhispioneeringstudy,
AmericanNegroSlaveRevolts,
tosettherecordstraight.Apthekerdefinedaslaverevoltas
anactioninvolving10ormoreslaves,withfreedomastheapparentaim[and]contemporary
referenceslabelingtheeventasanuprising,plot,insurrection,ortheequivalentofthese.In
all,Apthekersays,hehasfoundrecordsofapproximatelytwohundredandfiftyrevoltsand
conspiraciesinthehistoryofAmericanNegroslavery.Otherscholarshavefoundasmany
as
313
.
LetsconsiderthefivegreatestslaverebellionsintheUnitedStates,aboutwhichDonald
YacovoneandIwriteintheforthcomingcompanionbooktomynewPBSseries,
TheAfrican
Americans:ManyRiverstoCross
.

1.StonoRebellion,1739.
TheStonoRebellionwasthelargestslaverevolteverstagedin
the13colonies.OnSunday,Sept.9,1739,adayfreeoflabor,about20slavesunderthe
leadershipofamannamedJemmyprovidedwhiteswithapainfullessonontheAfrican
desireforliberty.Manymembersofthegroupwereseasonedsoldiers,eitherfromthe
YamaseeWarorfromtheirexperienceintheirhomesinAngola,wheretheywerecaptured
andsold,andhadbeentrainedintheuseofweapons.
TheygatheredattheStonoRiverandraidedawarehouselikestore,Hutchensons,
executingthewhiteownersandplacingtheirvictimsheadsonthestoresfrontstepsforall
tosee.Theymovedontootherhousesinthearea,killingtheoccupantsandburningthe
structures,marchingthroughthecolonytowardSt.Augustine,Fla.,whereunderSpanish
law,theywouldbefree.
Asthemarchproceeded,notallslavesjoinedtheinsurrectioninfact,somehungbackand
actuallyhelpedhidetheirmasters.Butmanyweredrawntoit,andtheinsurrectionistssoon
numberedabout100.TheyparadeddownKingsHighway,accordingtosources,carrying

bannersandshouting,Liberty!
lukango
intheirnativeKikongo,awordthatwouldhave
expressedtheEnglishidealsembodiedinlibertyand,perhaps,salvation.
TheslavesfoughtofftheEnglishformorethanaweekbeforethecolonistsralliedandkilled
mostoftherebels,althoughsomeverylikelyreachedFortMose.EvenafterColonialforces
crushedtheStonouprising,outbreaksoccurred,includingtheverynextyear,whenSouth
Carolinaexecutedatleast50additionalrebelslaves.

2.GabrielsConspiracy,1800
.Bornpropheticallyin1776ontheProsserplantation,justsix
milesnorthofRichmond,Va.,andhome(tousethetermloosely)to53slaves,aslave
namedGabrielwouldhatchaplot,withfreedomasitsgoal,thatwasemblematicoftheerain
whichhelived.
Askilledblacksmithwhostoodmorethansixfeettallanddressedinfineclotheswhenhe
wasawayfromtheforge,Gabrielcutanimposingfigure.Butwhatdistinguishedhimmore
thanhisphysicalbearingwashisabilitytoreadandwrite:Only5percentofSouthernslaves
wereliterate.
OtherslaveslookeduptomenlikeGabriel,andGabrielhimselffoundinspirationinthe
FrenchandSaintDominguerevolutionsof1789.Heimbibedthepoliticalfervoroftheera
andconcluded,albeiterroneously,thatJeffersoniandemocraticideologyencompassedthe
interestsofblackslavesandwhiteworkingmenalike,who,united,couldopposethe
oppressiveFederalistmerchantclass.
SpurredonbytwolibertymindedFrenchsoldiershemetinatavern,Gabrielbeganto
formulateaplan,enlistinghisbrotherSolomonandanotherservantontheProsserplantation
inhisfightforfreedom.WordquicklyspreadtoRichmond,othernearbytownsand
plantationsandwellbeyondtoPetersburgandNorfolk,viafreeandenslavedblackswho
workedthewaterways.Gabrieltookatremendousriskinlettingsomanyblackpeoplelearn
ofhisplans:Itwasnecessaryasameansofattractingsupporters,butitalsoexposedhimto
thepossibilityofbetrayal.
Regardless,Gabrielpersevered,aimingtorallyatleast1,000slavestohisbannerofDeath
orLiberty,aninversionofthefamedcryoftheslaveholdingrevolutionaryPatrickHenry.
WithincredibledaringandnavetGabrieldeterminedtomarchtoRichmond,takethe
armoryandholdGov.JamesMonroehostageuntilthemerchantclassbenttotherebels
demandsofequalrightsforall.HeplannedhisuprisingforAugust30andpublicizeditwell.
Butonthatday,oneoftheworstthunderstormsinrecentmemorypummeledVirginia,
washingawayroadsandmakingtravelallbutimpossible.Undeterred,Gabrielbelievedthat
onlyasmallbandwasnecessarytocarryouttheplan.Butmanyofhisfollowerslostfaith,
andhewasbetrayedbyaslavenamedPharoah,whofearedretributioniftheplotfailed.
TherebellionwasbarelyunderwaywhenthestatecapturedGabrielandseveral
coconspirators.TwentyfiveAfricanAmericans,worthabout$9,000orsomoneythat
cashstrappedVirginiasurelythoughtitcouldillaffordwerehangedtogetherbefore
Gabrielwenttothegallowsandwasexecuted,alone.


EssentialQuestion

ContentKnowledge

Howwouldwe
describefreeblack
leadersintheearly
1800s?

Clergy

Businessmen

Whatpractical
obstaclesstoodin
thewayofmass
migrationtoAfrica?

Freetown

AmericanColonizationSocietygoals

Liberia

Howdidthe
revolutioninHaiti
inspireslave
uprisings?

ToussaintLouverture

____________fleefromHaititoSouthwhere__________
broughtthespiritofRevolution.

DidAfricanAmericanslavesRebel?
1.
Whatmisconceptiondo
peoplehaveaboutslave
rebellions?
Examplesanddetails

StonoRebellion
Detailsandsummary

GabrielsConspiracy
DetailsandSummary

pg.164Whatisthereactiontoslave
uprisingsandhowdidthatshapesouthern
culture?