1

1979
P15
2003 P259
2000
P22
1
2

P15

Record
[s] [z] [iz]
3

1982

a.
b.

3 AB C

2
///////////
//

A,

Y Y

1Y

3Y

252

4Y
5

1 Y

sofa

2Y

A
8

B
C

3Y

1Y

[]

A,
B,

10

C,

10

11

1
1.1

1
2

1.2

1.3

a b a b

1.4

1.5

11

12

1.6
17

1.

2. 1985

3. 17 ,
1984 12
4.

3
12
3

3.1

12

13

3.2

-s
s

sheep
sheep
-s
1985

1978
1985

3.3

2004 1
23
20031
23

A
B
C

D
AB CD ?
C

4
13

14

1898

1924

19521953

1956 11
1984
12
13

14

123

B
C
A
D

A BCD

BCD B C D

BCD

//
/

B
C

1A
B C
2AB C
A B
20022004
3A B C

14

15

20032003
C AB C
AB AB

2002
2004
1
2
3

5.1

5.2
2002 7 3 P57

2001 12 1

15

16

1
23|

5.3

12

12

34
3 4

(1)

2
/
//

2005 6 1
2003
16

17

2002 7 3
2004 9
2001 12 1
2001 12 1
2003 8 1

3.1

x1 x2

17

18

18

19

19

20

17

112
**

2
1

2
a.b.
c.
3

20

21

1
2
3
12

1910

1
21
2

4
*
3

a.
21

22

b.
c.

2
3
4
5
6
/

a.
b.

1 2 3 4
5

22

23

a.b.
c.
d.

a.b.
c.d.

e.

23

24

a.
b.

NP

NP

24

25

1/

/
//
2

1
2

25

26

N V N

. . , 1961
. . , 1979
. . , 1986
. . , 1991
.. , 2003
. . , 2002
. . , 2003
. . , 19944
..
2001
. . 2000
. . 20073
. . 20075
. . ,20075

2000

V++V+
+

26

27

1,;2 ;3
12
345 6
171

\\

290

296
1
2
3
4
5

176
27

28

?

,

2000

1. 2.
1. 2.
1. 2. 3.
1. 2.
1. 2. 3.

1. 2.
1. 2.
2

2005

2005 07

,,
,

,,,
28

29

,
,,,
,,,,
.
3,

2003-08-04

82
76 6
4,
2007-04-20

02

, , , ,
,
, , ,

, ,1
, : ,
; ,; ,
;
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, : , , , ; ,
, ;
6
<< >>2006 03
,
29

30

,,,
,
.:
,.
1
2 3 4 5
6 2 3

30

31

443001

1.

1.1
1;(2)

1.2

2.

2.1

2.2
() ()
() () () ()

2.3

12

31

32

2.4
de
1
23
4~~

2.4.1
2.4.1.1
1

2.4.1.2

4
()
(
)56

/
2.4.2
2.4.3

2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
2.4.6.1

32

33

2.4.6.2

*
2.4.7

3.

3.1

3.2
3.3

3.4
3.5
3.6

3.7

33

34

3.7.1

3.7.2

3.7.3 ~
3.7.4 ++
3.7.5

~
~

4.

4.1

1
2
3 ABAB
4 ABB A AB

5A BC

6f++f

4.2
4.3
4.3.1

34

35

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.4

4.5

5.

5.1

5.2 ~

5.3

6.

6.1

35

36

1
2
3
4

6.2

; AABB AA

AA
AAB

ABAB

AA
AAB

ABAB

36

37

6.3
6.3.1

1
2
3
4

6.3.2

[1]

. [M].1981.

[2]

. [M]. 1992.

[3]

. [M].1980.

[4]

. [M].2006.

[5]

. [M].1961.

[6]

. [M].2003.

37

38

5 ()
: :

+
have

1 Controllable and Uncontrollable Verbs

38

39

80

13

/+V+O+/

2 can-wish verb

39

40

1 A
2
3 B
4

5
6

[M] 1981
[M] 1992
2004

1
1.1 6.3.1

A
B

40

41

1.2 6.3.2

[ 1]
[ 2]
A 1 2
B
1.3 6.4

B
[ 3]
[ 4]
3 4
AB

1.4 6.5.2

41

42

[ 5]
[ 6]
A 6.1.2

B 5 6
1.5 6.6

[ 7]
[ 8]
1.6 6.8.1

[ 9]
[ 10]
9 10

1.7 6.9.5

[ 11]
[ 12]
11
1.8 6.10.3

[ 13]
[ 14]
13 14

42

43

1.9 6.11.2

B

[ 15]
[ 16]

[ 17]
[ 18]

219821991/
1991
2.1 1991
15
4

2.2
1991

2.3 1991

43

44

[ 19]
[ 20]

1.3
1991

1991

[ 21]
=
[ 22]
=
2.4 1991

2.5 1991

[ 23]

[ 23]
19821991
2.6 19911991

[ 24]
1991
[ 25]

2.7 1991
A

44

45

[ 26]
B
[ 27]
C
a

[ 28]
b
[ 29]
c
[ 30]
2.8 ------------

19911991

3
3.1

3.2 ??
3.3

..:,1982
. . :, 1991
.. :, 1991

45

46

1
1.1

1 / /
2
A / /
B / /
AB A

46

47

A B

1.2

1 /

2 / /

3
/ /

1.3

1 S + V / S + VP S++N/NPS++V/VP
/
/
2 S + A / S + AP
/
3 S + N / S + NP
/
4 S + SP

1.4

1
2
3
4
5
6

1.5

A
B
2

47

48

/
3SS

7.9SSS

A
B
4

A
B
5

/
6

2
2.1

1
2
3

48

49

///
//////

2.2

A
B
A
49

50

B
A
B
A
B
,
: ( 1); (2) ; (3)
; (4) ; (5) ; (6)
,

F: This year will make more progress than last year.
T: We will make more progress this year than last year.

FThe whole summer holiday Mary spent it on her English essay.

TMary spent summer holiday on her English essay.

F: Happy cant be bought and sold.
T: Happiness cant be bought and sold.

F: To learn everything well should make our efforts.
T: We should make our efforts to learn everything well.

F: Say is easier than do.
T: To say is easier than to do.

FWhat the famous professors says in conference, I have always take notes of
it.
TI have always take notes of what the famous professors says in conference.

FThe question you asked in the class I can answer it to you now.
TI can answer the question you asked in the class.

,,

50

51

2.3

1 20061
, ,
,

2 20066
:,
,
,,
,
3 2007 2
:,: ( 1)
(2)
,,(3)

4 . 19991
5

3
3.1

1
2
3
4
5
3.2

51

52

..

+/

1982

1995 4

2000

2004

2002

1999

1992

52