Chapter 15

The Bureaucracy
Study Guide
01.

Definition of bureaucracy includes what four characteristics? (p.410)

02.

Civil servants must obey both the heads of their agencies and? (p.410-11)

03.

Most federal agencies must share their functions with? (p.411)

04.

The distinctive nature of the US bureaucracy derives from what four characteristics? (p.410-11)

05.

When an agency like the EPA makes an important decision, its likely to be taken to courtthis is an example of? (p.411)

06.

One would expect the telephone system of France, unlike the one in the USA, to be? (p.411)

07.

One complication surrounding the federal bureaucracy is the fact that the Constitution? (p.411)

08.

In the first Congress, it was decided that appointed federal officials would be removed by? (p.412)

09.

In the early days of the federal government, the only department that had much power was? (p.412)

10.

James Madison argued that the president alone must be able to fire a federal employee because? (p.411)

11.

Patronage in the early republic provided the president with what four advantages? (p.412)

12.

During most of the 19 /20 centuries, appointments to the civil service were based primarily on? (p.412)

13.

The eightfold increase in the number of federal employees that occurred between 1816-61, was largely due to? (p.412)

14.

The great watershed in the expansion of government bureaucracy in the USA occurred during? (p.412)

15.

Generally, the role of government bureaucracies up to the end of the 19 century was? (p.413)

16.

The shift in the role of the federal bureaucracy that occurred between 1861-1901, was from? (p.412)

17.

The constitution limitation on the federal bureaucracys ability to regulate the economy is? (p.413)

18.

The notion of laissez-faire and of the congressional mandate to regulate led to the bureaucracys performing? (p.413)

19.

The federal government did not begin to regulate the economy in any large way until? (p.413)

20.

Initially, the prevailing Constitutional interpretation held that agencies couldnt exercise regulatory powers unless? (p.413)

21.

Periodically, the size of the bureaucracy has grown substantially, and has generally occurred during? (p.413-14)

22.

A dramatic increase in activism by the federal bureaucracy occurred in the 20 century, largely due to? (p.414)

23.

An important effect of World War II on the federal government was to greatly increase? (p.414)

24.

From 1913-1940, the average American paid approximately ____ in income taxes each year. (p.414)

25.

If you want to do away with high federal taxation, you might see a quick solution in the repeal of? (p.414)

26.

Number of civilians working for the federal bureaucracy hasnt increased much since 1970, but does not consider? (pl414)

27.

The importance of the federal bureaucracy today can be measured by the number of federal employees or by? (p.415)

28.

When speaking of discretionary authority of appointed officials, it means their authority is to? (p.415)

29.

List four areas in which the power of the bureaucracy has grown dramatically in recent years? (p.415)

30.

List four broad factors that best explain the behavior of bureaucratic officials. (p.415)

31.

A person appointed to a government position after passing an exam is probably joining? (p.416)

32.

Those federal bureaucrats not appointed on the basis of qualifications designed by the OPM are called? (p.417)

33.

What is true about excepted service regarding most employees appointments? (p.417)

34.

List four facts that are true about the Pendleton Act. (p.417)

35.

When did the Merit system begin? (p.418)

36.

Employees who are blanketed in are? (p.418)

37.

One advantage of the merit system to presidents is that it? (p.418)

38.

When a civil service job is filled on a name-request basis, this is an example of? (p.418)

39.

Using the buddy system, an agency can circumvent the usual OPM search process by doing what? (p.418)

40.

If an agency committed to consumer protection hires someone from a private environmental protection group, this would

41.

Someone who is hired by an agency from within an issue network is most likely to hold policy view that are? (p.420)

42.

The agency responsible for ensuring fair treatment of civil servants is? (p.420)

43.

List four statements that are correct about the firing of a bureaucrat. (p.420)

44.

What is true about the firing of a federal employee? (p.419)

45.

Created in 1978, it attempts to give the president more flexibility in dealing with high-level bureaucrats. (p.420)

46.

That agencies usually recruit their own staff, often on a name-request basis, should suggest the recruits possess? (p.421)

47.

If one examines the education, sex, race & social origins of the federal civil service as a whole, it looks much like? (p.421)

48.

When a presidential selection heads an agency, and seeks to shift policies as the president wishes, he finds? (p.420)

th

th

th

th

be an example of what kind of recruitment? (p.419)

49.

A survey of top-level, nonpolitical federal bureaucrats found their political outlook to be______ the public at large. (p.421)

50.

Relative to their share of the population, Republicans tend to be overrepresented in? (p.422)

51.

If bureaucrats tend to sabotage the actions of their political bosses, why would Republicans tend to be hurt more? (p.422)

52.

What law established the Office of Special Counsel? (p.423)

53.

The Whistle-blower Protection Act of 1989 is designed to protect? (p.423)

54.

Bureaucrats own values and beliefs are most likely to have the least influence on their work then their duties are? (p.423)

55.

Lawyers working for the FTC are most likely to select cases that? (p.423)

56.

A personal attribute that has been shown to have a clear effect on bureaucratic behavior is? (p.423)

57.

Before endorsing legal action against a business for illegal practices, an FTC economist might first want to know? (p.423)

58.

Having a strong agency culture can help an agency by motivating employees to work hard, but can also hurt it by? (p.424)

59.

The culture of an agency is shaped by what four aspects of an agency? (p.424)

60.

List four major constraints under which government agencies/bureaucracies operate is? (p.424-25)

61.

In a bureaucracy, why does government sometimes act inconsistently? (p.424)

62.

In a bureaucracy, why is blocking action easier than taking action? (p.425)

63.

Probably the most effective means an agency has of remaining powerful is? (p.426)

64.

The relationship among an agency, a committee, and an interest group was described in the past as? (p.426)

65.

Many federal agencies are created to serve some sector of society, so American Legion is closely aligned with? (p.426)

66.

An agency President Reagan was unable to abolish because of its persistent support in Congress? (p.427)

67.

What generalization about the SBA agency is true? (p.427)

68.

Why are iron triangles less common today than they once were? (p.427)

69.

Why agriculture secretaries have found much discretion in setting policy, despite strong opposing interest groups? (p.427)

70.

One way that Congress exercises authority over agencies is through? (p.428)

71.

What generalization characterizes the frequency of appropriations? (p.428)

72.

The main reason some interest groups are important to agencies is that these groups are? (p.427)

73.

When a law originating in a legislative committee specifies a certain sum of money, it is called an? (p.428)

74.

The most powerful group in Congress in terms of control over an agencys budget is? (p.428)

75.

The process of revising agency budget requests is commonly called? (p.428)

76.

What three things have weakened the power of appropriations committees over government agencies? (p.428-29)

77.

Power of the House Appropriations Committee over agency budgets has recently diminished, partly due to? (p.428)

78.

The effect of a legislative veto is to? (p.429)

79.

The legislative veto is a stratagem to increase the power of? (p.429)

80.

The legislative veto was declared unconstitutional in what case? (p.429)

81.

List three ways of Congressional supervision of the bureaucracy. (p.429-30)

82.

The investigative power of Congress has been inferred from? (p.429)

83.

List four facts about the congressional powers to investigate? (p.429)

84.

When bureaucracies operate at cross-purposes, it is usually because? (p.430)

85.

When a citizen is required by an agency to file forms before getting any benefits, such requirements are called? (p.430)

86.

List four pathologies commonly attributed to bureaucracies. (p.430)

87.

The bureaucratic pathology, known as imperialism, is the tendency of agencies to? (p.430)

88.

The bureaucratic pathology, known as conflict, is the tendency of agencies to? (p.430)

89.

Governmental hiring practices exemplify the need for what three things? (p.430)

90.

The source of bureaucratic pathologies is usually? (p.430)

91.

Busses in major cities are required to have lifts for people using wheelchairs a decision made by? (p.431)

92.

Hammers costing the government hundreds of dollars are usually the result of? (p.431)

93.

Buying American, using minority contractors, and paying the prevailing wage, are all examples of? (p.431)

94.

To reduce waste in government, one is also likely to have to increase? (p.431)

95.

Generalization about the attitude of most Americans toward government bureaucrats & bureaucracies? (p.431)

96.

Most of the problems of bureaucracies are inseparable from? (p.431)

97.

The National Performance Review is different from preceding reform efforts in that it offered? (p.432)

98.

To the authors of the National Performance Review, what are the four problems with the bureaucracy? (p.432)

99.

The National Performance Review featured one horror story which focused on paper work associated with? (p.432)

100.

The National Performance Review was reinforced by a 1993 Act, which required agencies to do what 3 things? (p.432)

101.

Bureaucrats issue rules, in part, because they are nervous about? (p.433

102.

Bureaucratic inefficiency might be desirable in that it might help our democracy in what way? (p.433)