NAMA : SAFIRA CHIKA NURUL

IMANIA
NRP : 4214100003

RENEWABLE

ENERGY

Renewable energy is energy which can be obtained from natural resources that can be
constantly replenished. Renewable energy technologies include technologies that use or
enable the use of one or more renewable energy sources. Types of renewable energy
technologies include : wind energy, Hydro-power, Solar energy

Wind power or wind energy is the energy extracted from wind using wind turbines to
produce electrical power, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping, or
sails to propel ships. Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable,
widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses
little land.The effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other
power sources.Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electricity, competitive with or in
many places cheaper than coal, gas or fossil fuel plants.Offshore wind is steadier and stronger
than on land, and offshore farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance
costs are considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid
or provide electricity to isolated off-grid locations.Wind power is very consistent from year to
year but has significant variation over shorter time scales. As the proportion of windpower in
a region increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional
production can occur. Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage,
geographically distributed turbines, dispatchable backing sources, storage such as pumped-

storage hydroelectricity, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing

demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems.[8] In addition,
weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for the predictable variations
in production that occur.
Hydropower is electrical energy derived from falling or running water. The water
pressure that is created by water is used to turn the blades of a turbine. The turbine is
connected to a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electricity. Hydropower
is an extremely flexible source of energy. In both the run-of-river and dam systems, water is
led to a vertical tube or "penstock" that delivers water to the turbines. Hydropower plants can
therefore be used to respond quickly to variable demand by releasing or diverting more water.
In the case of dam systems, water can also be reserved when demand is low in order to
generate additional power during periods of peak demand. Hydropower is a complementary
power source to more intermittent renewable energy power sources such as wind and solar
because the flow can be regulated to reserve generating capacity during periods of peak
demand or when the generating capacity of other renewable energy sources is limited. Small
hydro facilities can be integrated into existing irrigation structures, flood control and dams.
Because existing structures are used, adding generating capacity only requires the
construction of small engineering works. Small hydro production has an important role to
play in providing electricity to remote communities and industries in developing countries
where rural electrification via the grid is not practical. Hydroelectric generation can provide
clean electricity and a source of income to many remote communities that would otherwise
be forced to rely on diesel generation. Hydroelectric energy is a proven technology, and
hydroelectric stations have a long life.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of everevolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar
architecture and artificial photosynthesis.It is an important source of renewable energy and its
technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the
way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar
techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water
heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the
Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and
designing spaces that naturally circulate air.