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wcruz V de Bike!
by Pedalar_Olhando
Depois quem tranca rua manifestante de bicicleta. Carros tb!
#naofoiacidente RT @Fjoliveira: @miltonjung Andei 100 m
desde o ltimo twitt
pvictorc Victor Carvalho
by menezesvivi
RT @g1: Motorista q atropelou dezenas de ciclistas preso
em Porto Alegre http://glo.bo/gZfAEj #naofoiacidente
laurasobenes Laura Sobenes
by samesjc
#Galliano, ex-estilista da #Dior demitido por antissemitismo.
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Al, Banco Central, toma isso como ex.! #naofoiacidente


CintiaBarenho CintiaBarenho
by Feministabr
Ciclistas protestam em Porto Alegre: http://t.co/JdaJ3jF
#massacriticapoa #NaoFoiAcidente
cmteborges Guilherme
#naofoiacidente RT @VEJA Justia decreta priso
preventiva de motorista que atropelou ciclistas
http://migre.me/3YqWG
anavivian anavivian
Amanh tem Bicicletada Floripa EXTRA apoio aos cicloamigos
de POA atropelados covardemente.19h-pista d sk8 em frent
iguatemi #naofoiacidente
lauritas16_ laura machado
Preso autor do atropelamento a ciclistas em Porto Alegre
http://t.co/VQlgcy9 #naofoiacidente

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!"#"$%&'(&)(#$"*$+,)-"*$./0-"-*$$$$!$1:1$

Alexandre Inagaki
Jornalista e consultor de comunicao em mdias digitais
Colunista dos sites Techtudo (do portal Globo.com) e
youPIX. Consultor do projeto Yahoo! Posts. Jornalista freelancer de publicaes como Rolling Stone Brasil, Trip e
Continuum (publicao do Instituto Ita Cultural). Editor do
mailzine literrio Spam Zine (2001 2003). Um dos autores
do livro "Blog de Papel" (Editora Gnese, 2005) e da
antologia digital "Enter" (2009), organizada por Helosa
Buarque de Hollanda. Autor do blog "Pensar Enlouquece,
Pense Nisso", vencedor do prmio internacional The
BOBs, promovido pelo grupo alemo Deutsche Walle, na
categoria Melhor Weblog em Portugus (2007), e
considerado um dos melhores blogs da dcada, segundo o
Portal MTV e o site do Estado, em 2009. Curador, ao lado
do coordenador Edney Souza, da rea de Social Media da
Campus Party Brasil (2009, 2010 e 2011). Um dos
criadores do coletivo InterNey Blogs.
@inagaki
http://www.pensarenlouquece.com/
Ana Brambilla
Jornalista, mestre em Comunicao e Informao e
consultora em mdias digitais
Entusiasta das prticas colaborativas no jornalismo digital,
Ana tem formao pela PUCRS e pela UFRGS. Nascida
em Porto Alegre, gremista, ama gatos, caf, chocolate e
a cidade de So Paulo, onde pretende voltar a viver um
dia. Desde 2003, estuda jornalismo colaborativo inspirada
pelo noticirio sul-coreano OhmyNews. Esteve em Seul em
2005 e 2006 realizando pesquisa de mestrado. Na volta,
trabalhou como editora de aes colaborativas na Editora
Abril e como editora de Mdias Sociais do portal Terra,
onde criou e gerenciou essa rea. Na academia, lecionou
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em cursos de graduao em Porto Alegre, So Paulo e no


Paran, alm de cursos de ps-graduao em Belo
Horizonte, no Paran e tambm em So Paulo. Atualmente
consultora em mdias digitais e sociais pela Polipress.
@anabrambilla
http://www.anabrambilla.com
Barbara Nickel
Jornalista
Barbara Nickel, 31 anos, formada em Jornalismo pela
Ufrgs e tem Mestrado em Comunicao pela PUC-RS.
Sempre trabalhou com notcias online. Passou pelo Terra e
Grupo Sinos. Hoje editora de mdias sociais do Grupo
RBS e colunista do jornal Zero Hora. Pode ser encontrada
tambm pelo e-mail barbara.nickel@gmail.com
@babsnickel
Bianca Santana
Educadora e jornalista
Bianca Santana jornalista e pesquisa os usos das
tecnologias digitais na educao. No Mestrado na USP
pesquisa a Educao de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Faz parte
da comunidade de Recursos Educacionais Abertos e da
Casa da Cultura Digital. Formada pela Faculdade Csper
Lbero, foi professora de Lngua Portuguesa na EJA, e j
colaborou com a edio de livros e objetos educacionais
multimdia nas editoras tica e Moderna. Foi blogueira do
Portal Planeta Sustentvel, da Editora Abril, onde tambm
publicou reportagens e resenhas de livros infantis.
Ministrou oficinas de como utilizar os recursos da Internet
na escola para professores da rede municipal de So
Paulo. Trabalhou em projetos de cultura digital para o
$

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Ministrio da Cultura. ativista da cultura livre e me do


Lucas e do Pedro.
http://www.rea.net.br
@biancasantana
Carolina Terra
Diretora de Mdias Sociais da Agncia Ideal, doutora e
mestre em Interfaces Sociais da Comunicao, com nfase
em Mdias Sociais, professora para os cursos de RP e PP
da FECAP/SP e da ps-graduao em Gesto da
Comunicao Digital (DIGICORP), pela ECA-USP.
Carolina Frazon Terra formada em Relaes Pblicas
pela Universidade Estadual Paulista "Jlio de Mesquita
Filho" (UNESP/Bauru), especialista em Gesto Estratgica
de Comunicao Organizacional e Relaes Pblicas,
doutora e mestre em Interfaces Sociais da Comunicao,
ambas pela Escola de Comunicaes e Artes da USP.
Iniciou sua carreira em Bauru, atuando em empresas como
FIAT e Associao Hospitalar de Bauru. Atuou por quatro
anos e meio como Relaes Pblicas da Vivo, foi
coordenadora de comunicao corporativa do
MercadoLivre e atualmente, diretora de Mdias Sociais da
Agncia Ideal. Alm disso, docente para os cursos de
Relaes Pblicas e Publicidade e Propaganda da
Fundao Escola de Comrcio lvares Penteado, e da
ps-graduao em Comunicao Digital, da ECA-USP.
autora do livro Blogs Corporativos (Difuso Editora) e
editora do blog RPalavreando.
@carolterra
http://rpalavreando.com.br

!"#"$%&'(&)(#$"*$+,)-"*$./0-"-*$$$$!$1:5$

Carolina Rossini
Advogada e Pesquisadora
Carolina Rossini advogada brasileira e intelectual ativista,
tendo ministrado palestras no Brasil e no exterior. Mora nos
EUA desde 2007, onde pesquisadora e consultora com o
foco em polticas pblicas em governana da Internet,
propriedade intelectual, digital commons, acesso aberto e
recursos educacionais abertos, consultora da Wikimedia
Foundation e coordena o Projeto REA-BR desde 2008. Foi
fellow do Centro Berkman para Internet e Sociedade, da
Universidade de Harvard (2008 a 2010), sob orientao do
Prof. Yochai Benkler. Rossini tambm pesquisadora
associada e tutora da Diplo Foundation. De 2005 a 2007,
Carolina trabalhou para a FGVDireito Rio, onde foi membro
do Creative Commons Brasil, lecionou direito da
propriedade intelectual e coordenou o Programa de Clnica
Jurdica. De 1999 a 2005, Carolina foi advogada no grupo
de telecomunicaes Telefnica no Brasil, com atuao no
Brasil e na Espanha. mestre em propriedade intelectual
pela Universidade de Boston (2008); mestre em
Negociaes Internacionais pela Universidade Estadual de
So Paulo UNESP (2006); especialista em
Propriedade Industrial pela Universidade de Buenos Aires
(2006); MBA em E-Business pelo Instituto de Empresa
IE, na Espanha (2004) e advogada pela Universidade de
So Paulo (2000).
http://www.rea.net.br
@carolinarossini
Caroline Andreis
Publicitria
Caroline Andreis formada em Comunicao Social pela
UFRGS e trabalha com contedo Web e disseminao h
cinco anos. idealizadora do Social Media Day Porto
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Alegre, fundadora do Social Media Club Porto Alegre e j


trabalhou para clientes como Dez Propaganda,
Novacentro, Escala, UCS, Unisinos, Vincola Aurora,
CEEE, Panvel e outras grandes marcas regionais.
@carolandreis
http://www.babushka.com.br
Carril Fernando
Aprendiz de palhao e ator pela SP Escola de Teatro,
administrador pela FGV-SP e jornalista pela PUC-SP.
Pioneiro na Internet desde 1995 e em mobile desde 2000,
trabalhou no desenvolvimento de contedo e negcios dos
principais veculos de comunicao do Brasil (UOL, Veja,
Placar, Playboy, e Contigo, entre outros).
@fcarril
Eric Eroi Messa
Professor da Faculdade de Comunicao e Marketing da
FAAP/SP
Eric Messa professor do curso de Comunicao e
Marketing da FAAP/SP. Desenvolve pesquisas e atividades
profissionais relacionadas s tendncias na rea da
comunicao e tecnologias digitais. mestre em
Comunicao e Semitica (PUC/SP) e especialista em
Tecnologia Educacional (FAAP/SP). Tambm j atuou por
10 anos na rea de marketing digital. H mais de 8 anos
autor do blog e-Code, sobre comunicao e tecnologia.
@ericmessa
http://ecode.messa.com.br

!"#"$%&'(&)(#$"*$+,)-"*$./0-"-*$$$$!$1:7$

Fernando Barreto
Co-fundador da Webcitizen, Co-idealizador do VotenaWeb
e do EuLembro. Co-organizador do TEDxAmazonia.#
Fernando Barreto, 38 anos, atuou como publicitrio e
diretor de arte por mais de 15 anos, esteve envolvido em
projetos de polticas pblicas como, por exemplo, a
candidatura do Brasil a Copa 2014. Desde janeiro de 2009,
dedica-se, exclusivamente, Webcitizen, empresa
dedicada criao de canais de participao, em que
scio-diretor. Fernando Barreto um dos criadores do site
de engajamento cvico VotenaWeb, e um dos
coordenadores do TEDx So Paulo e TEDx Amaznia.
@barreto12
http://www.Webcitizen.com.br
Filipe Speck
Jornalista e ps-graduando em Jornalismo Digital
Filipe msico e jornalista. Formado pela UFSC, trabalhou
com assessoria, TV e Web, tanto em redaes quanto em
publicidade. Em 2010, venceu o prmio de iniciao
cientfica Vera Giangrande, da Intercom, com um artigo
sobre como se manifestam os conceitos do socilogo
francs Michel Maffesoli no Twitter.
@filipespeck
Gil Giardelli
Professor de Ps-Graduao e MBA na ESPM,
coordenador de cursos na ESPM, palestrante e CEO da
Gaia Creative
Gil Giardelli professor nos cursos de Ps-Graduao,
MBA e coordenada quatro cursos no Centro de Inovao e
Criatividade (CIC) na ESPM. CEO da Gaia Creative,
empresa em que implementa Inteligncia de Mdias
$

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Sociais, Economia Colaborativa e gesto do conhecimento


para empresas como BMW, Fundao Roberto Marinho,
Grupo CCR, SEBRAE, MINI COOPER, Grupo Cruzeiro do
Sul, entre outras.
@gilgiardelli
http://www.gilgiardelli.com.br
Gisele Ramos
Jornalista
Gisele Ramos jornalista e j passou pelas redaes de
Zero Hora, portal Terra e Jornal do Comrcio, mas sua
grande paixo so os blogs. Atualmente, mantm cinco
blogs e escreve para mais dois sobre assuntos to
diversos quanto moda, sade, celebridades e televiso. Se
considera uma eterna aprendiz no que diz respeito s
mdias sociais, e a responsvel pelas aes na rea da
agncia Binario, de Porto Alegre.
@giseleramos
http://necessarias.com
Guilherme Nascimento Valadares
Editor e co-fundador do PapodeHomem.com.br
Formado em Publicidade e Jornalismo pela UFMG, com
formao complementar em Administrao. Criador do
PapodeHomem | Lifestyle Magazine e da Social Content.
Coordenou a estruturao de ncleos de mdias sociais e
estratgia digital em boas agncias, atendendo marcas de
porte como Microsoft, Unilever e Pepsico. Pretende passar
2012 viajando e escrevendo do laptop. Aham, vai
sonhando...
guilherme@papodehomem.com.br
http://www.papodehomem.com.br/
$

!"#"$%&'(&)(#$"*$+,)-"*$./0-"-*$$$$!$1:9$

Ian Black
Estrategista e empreendedor da rea de mdias sociais
Ian Black publica contedo digital h mais de 10 anos.
Desde 2007 atua na rea de comunicao em redes
sociais. Passou pelas agncias Riot, LiveAD e
Wunderman, e atuou como consultor para a as agncias
Young & Rubicam, W/McCann, Boca, DCS, DPZ e Dentsu
e para as empresas Infoglobo, Grupo RBS e Grupo Santa
Joana. Nesse perodo trabalhou com marcas como Yahoo!
Brasil, Nike, Rede Globo, Brastemp, Kellogg, Nokia, Dell,
Olympikus e Smirnoff. Ganhou dois prmios no Festival de
Cannes: ouro em 2009 e prata em 2010. Em 2010 fundou a
agncia New Vegas, especializada em estratgias de
comunicao para as mdias sociais.
@ianblack
http://newvegas.com.br
Ivan Guevara
Jornalista
Formado em jornalismo pela Pontifcia Universidade
Catlica do Rio Grande do Sul, possui grande interesse por
assuntos relacionados ao entretenimento e cultura pop.
Trabalhou em reas como poltica, tecnologia, mdias
sociais e turismo. Grande apaixonado por sries, j deixou
de sair com amigos para fazer maratonas caseiras de
seriados - e no se envergonha disso. Sempre que
consegue um tempinho, prtica o hbito de escrever sobre
seus episdios favoritos. Ah, ele gostaria muito que os dias
fossem mais longos.
@ivanguevara

!"#"$%&'(&)(#$"*$+,)-"*$./0-"-*$$$$!$122$

Ivone Rocha
Gestora de projetos em mdias digitais, jornalista com
especializao em polticas pblicas e MBA em e-business
e tecnologia da informao
Ivone Rocha gestora de projetos em mdias digitais;
especialista em contedo Web e redes sociais pela ABC
Comunicao, docente e consultora pedaggica em cursos
de ps-graduao em mdias digitais do Senac-SP e
Unicid; coordenadora do curso de Gesto da Comunicao
Integrada (Senac-SP); participa de projetos em polticas
pblicas para terceiro setor e atua h mais de 10 anos com
Internet, tanto em grandes organizaes quanto portais e
meio poltico. Foi membro do Conselho Tcnico Consultivo
dos cursos de comrcio eletrnico da Universidade
Anhembi Morumbi. jornalista, com especializao em eBusiness e polticas pblicas, autora do livro "Solues em
Internet" e d treinamentos sobre o uso das redes sociais.
http://irocha.wordpress.com
@ivonerocha
Joo Carlos Rebello Caribe
Publicitrio, Consultor de Inovao e Ciberativista
Ps-graduado em Mdias Digitais pela Universidade
Estcio de S, Ciberativista e defensor da Liberdade na
Internet, foi um dos idealizadores do movimento Mega No,
do coletivo Ciberativismo e da Petio Online contra o
PL84/99 (AI5 Digital). H mais de um ano dedica-se ao
estudo e fomento de incluso digital, cidades digitais e
governo eletrnico. Foi um dos articulares pela revogao,
pelo Deputado Alessandro Molon, da lei Lei n 4.782, que
proibia a abertura de Lan Houses a uma distancia inferior a
mil metros de Escolas no Rio de Janeiro.
@caribe
http://entropia.blog.br
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Jorge Rocha
Mestre em Cognio e Linguagem pela UENF
(Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense) e
coordenador da ps-graduao em Produo em Mdias
Digitais (IEC PUC Minas)
@exucaveiracover
Juliano Spyer
Sou aluno do programa de mestrado em Antropologia
Digital da UCL em Londres. De janeiro a outubro de 2010,
participei da equipe de comunicao que acompanhou a
senadora Marina Silva durante a campanha presidencial.
Sou autor dos livros Conectado (Zahar 2007) e Tudo o que
voc precisa saber sobre Twitter (Talk 2009) e organizador
do e-livro Para Entender a Internet (NaoZero 2009).
@jasper
http://NaoZero.com.br
Katia Abreu
Jornalista formada pela ECA/USP e produtora por intuio
agente das bandas Nuda e Supercordas e dos
compositores Bonifrate e Stela Campos; e assessora de
comunicao da Dissenso. Foi scia da Agncia Alavanca
e da Trombador Discos e produziu e promoveu shows,
festas e lanamentos de discos. Assinou a coletnea
Discoteca Bsica Tratore Vol. 2: Novo Rock Brasil (2005) e
editou artigos para o catlogo da distribuidora. Registrou
alguns captulos da cultura do sculo XXI nos e-zines que
co-editou Quadradinho (2000 2002) e B*Scene (2002
2005); alm de ter colaborado com as revistas
Superinteressante, Jazz+, Rock Life, e com os sites IG
Msica, portal Terra, e diversos veculos independentes.
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Gosta de entender e explicar as coisas e acredita que a


Internet um excelente meio para isso.
@katchu
http://www.ritornelos.wordpress.com
Luciana Carvalho
Jornalista, mestre em Comunicao Miditica (UFSM)
Graduada em Jornalismo (UFSM, 1997), atuou durante
mais de 10 anos em veculos jornalsticos, principalmente
em emissoras de rdio (com produo, reportagem e
apresentao). Passou por rgos pblicos (governos
municipal e estadual), tendo atuado como assessora de
imprensa. Atuou como freelancer em trabalhos de
produo textual, radioWeb e apresentao de TV. Possui
especializao e mestrado em Comunicao Miditica pela
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Atualmente
pesquisa as possibilidades das mdias sociais para o
jornalismo.
@lucarvalhosm
http://olhardeinquietude.blogspot.com
Marcelo Soares
Jornalista, formado pela UFRGS
Marcelo Soares reprter independente em So Paulo,
membro do Consrcio Internacional de Jornalistas
Investigativos e especializado em "entrevistar" dados. Em
2010, foi o responsvel pelo blog e pelas reportagens do
projeto "Tome Conta do Brasil", da MTV, que buscava
explicar como funciona a poltica a uma audincia que
estaria votando pela primeira vez. Em 2006, foi o editor
original do projeto Excelncias, da Transparncia Brasil,
prmio Esso de melhor contribuio imprensa naquele
ano.
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@msoares
Nanni Rios
Jornalista e editora de mdias sociais da L&PM Editores
Jornalista formada pela UFSC, entusiasta das redes
sociais, do jornalismo colaborativo e do software livre.
Trabalha com Internet desde sempre: fez parte da equipe
de mdias sociais do portal Terra Brasil, foi editora-chefe do
Jornal de Debates e hoje editora de mdias sociais da
L&PM Editores.
@nannirios
http://flavors.me/nannirios
Nvia Carvalho
Jornalista
Primeira e atual editora de Mdias Sociais e Interatividade
do jornal O Globo, responsvel pela estruturao e/ou
criao de perfis do jornal no Twitter e no Facebook, pela
seo de jornalismo participativo Eu-Reprter e pela
gesto de blogs hospedados no site. Entusiasta declarada
de mdias sociais, paulista de nascimento e carioca de
corpo e alma, torcedora do Botafogo e casada com um
rubro-negro, tem no currculo como sua melhor produo, a
filha, Rafaela.
@niviacanderson
Pollyana Ferrari
Jornalista, doutorada em Comunicao Social e professora
da PUC-SP
Sou consultora Web. Colunista da rede Ns da
Comunicao e portal Aberje. Meu doutorado na USP
procurou mapear de que forma as narrativas hipertextuais
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esto mudando a democracia digital. H 23 anos atuo no


mercado editorial de TI, tendo dedicado os ltimos 13 anos
Internet. Sou professora da PUC-SP nos cursos de
Jornalismo e Multimeios. Na Ps-graduao da PUC/SP
ministro aulas no Jornalismo Multimdia. Autora dos livros
Jornalismo Digital, A fora da mdia social e Hipertexto,
Hipermdia. Acumulo tambm o cargo de professora e
consultora na ABERJE.
@pollyanaferrari
http://www.pollyanaferrari.com.br
Rafael Gomes
Analista de Tecnologia
Formado na Universidade de Salvador no curso de Gesto
de Redes, ps-graduado em sistemas distribudos na
Universidade Federal da Bahia, usurio Linux desde 2005,
trabalha como analista de tecnologia. Certificado em LPIC1 (Linux Professional Institute Certification) e MCSO
(Modulo Certified Security Officer). Colaborador ativo do
PSL-BA (Projeto de Software Livre Bahia) e Embaixador do
Projeto Fedora. Organizador do III, IV e V ENSL (Encontro
Nordestino de Software Livre). Analista tcnico responsvel
pelo CERT.Bahia, (Centro de Estudos, Respostas e
Tratamento de Incidentes de Segurana - Bahia). Ama sua
esposa, tecnologia e carne de sol.
@Gomex
http://www.techfree.com.br
Rafael Kenski
Jornalista e consultor
Formado em Jornalismo pela PUC-SP e em Cincias
Sociais pela USP, com mestrado em Anlise, Design e
Gesto de Sistemas de Informao pela London School of
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Economics. Foi editor da revista Superinteressante e


trabalhou na rea de novas mdias da Editora Abril,
coordenando sites e campanhas publicitrias crossmedia.
Hoje trabalha como consultor nas reas de pesquisa e
inovao.
@rkenski
http://kenskiescreveu.wordpress.com
Rafael Sbarai
Mestre em Jornalismo Digital, Editor e responsvel pelas
estratgias em mdia social de VEJA
Rafael Sbarai, 24 anos, jornalista e mestre em
Jornalismo Digital pela Faculdade Csper Lbero. editor e
responsvel pela rea de mdia social de VEJA. Ex-editor e
reprter de esportes e da rea mobile do portal iG.
@rafaelsbarai
http://derepente.com.br
Ricardo Almeida
Diretor Geral do I-Group e do Clube de Autores
Ricardo Almeida criador do conceito de Webs
Progressivas, da Metodologia Moebius e autor de Mirando
Resultados, o primeiro livro voltado para planejamento
estratgico, mensurao e previso de ROI (retorno de
investimentos) para Web no Brasil. tambm especialista
em planejamento e gesto de projetos Web, com
passagens por empresas como DM9DDB, Totem, Frontier
e MMCaf.
Formado em comunicao e marketing pela ESPM, atua
no mercado Web desde 1996.
Durante a sua carreira, j desenvolveu projetos para toda a
Amrica Latina e atuou nos maiores clientes da regio
como estrategista, montando iniciativas digitais e aes em
mdias sociais. Professor e coordenador do I-MBA em
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Planejamento Estratgico e Marketing Interativo do IGroup/ Impacta, colunista do IDG, articulista convidado
do Portal HSM e foi tambm jurado oficial do FIAP (Festival
Ibero-Americano de Publicidad) na categoria Internet.
scio-fundador e diretor geral do I-Group e do Clube de
Autores.
@ralmeida
www.i-group.com.br e www.clubedeautores.com.br
Rodrigo Martins
Jornalista, editor de mdias sociais do jornal O Estado de
So Paulo
@rodmartins
Rogrio Fratin
Designer, Bacharel em Design Digital pela Universidade
Anhembi Morumbi
Rogrio Fratin designer especializado em design editorial
para mdias digitais. Comeou a carreira como freelance e
depois aprendeu equilibrar os experimentos acadmicos
com solues didticas para e-learning, onde trabalhou pra
Unilever, Lojas Marisa, Santander e Grupo Po de Acar.
Partiu pro design editorial e passou pelas redaes dos
sites da National Gepgraphic, Guia Quatro Rodas, Viagem
e Turismo, Portal viajeaqui, VEJA So Paulo e
desenvolveu aplicativos pra mobile e iPhone. viciado em
livros de design e se torturou at agora pra conseguir
escrever tudo isso em terceira pessoa.
@rfratin
http://designices.com/

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Dr. Rony Vainzof


Advogado, especialista em Direito e Processo Penal pelo
Mackenzie
Rony Vainzof scio do Opice Blum Advogados
Associados; ps-Graduado em Direito e Processo Penal na
Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; graduado pela
Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Presbiteriana
Mackenzie; coordenador Assistente e Professor do MBA
em Direito Eletrnico da Escola Paulista de Direito (EPD);
professor Convidado da Universidade Presbiteriana
Mackenzie nos Cursos de Ps-Graduao em Direito
Digital e das Telecomunicaes, bem como Computao
Forense; professor Convidado da Fundao Getlio Vargas
no Curdo de MBA em Construo Civil; professor das
Faculdades FIAP, IBTA, Impacta, Parceria ITA-Stefanini,
UNIGRAN, UNICID e UNISA e do Instituto Paulista de
Educao Continuada; Vice-Presidente do Conselho
Superior da Tecnologia da Informao da Federao de
Comrcio/SP; Vice-Presidente do Comit de Direito da
Tecnologia da Cmara Americana do Comrcio
(AMCHAM); membro Colaborador da Comisso de Crimes
Eletrnicos da OAB/SP; membro Colaborador da Comisso
do Direito na Sociedade da Informao da OAB/SP; coautor dos livros Legislao Criminal Especial (Captulo - Lei
de Software), Revista de Direito das Novas Tecnologias e
Crimes Falimentares de Acordo com a Lei n. 11.101/2005.
Currculo Plataforma Lattes:
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2008131584981938.
@ronyvainzof
http://www.opiceblum.com.br
Samanta Fluture
Coordenadora de contedo na Gaia Creative
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Formada em Comunicao Social com habilitao em


Publicidade e Propaganda na ESPM, ps-graduanda em
Estticas Tecnolgicas na PUC. Coordenadora de
Contedo da empresa de relacionamento digital Gaia
Creative e editora do blog InovadoresESPM, sobre
inovao na comunicao digital. J passou pelas reas de
marketing, redao, criao e roteiro em grandes
empresas. Colaboradora dos coletivos de contedo A
Bordo da Comunicao e Social Cult.
@samantagf
Susan Liesenberg
Jornalista, especialista em Jornalismo e Convergncia de
Mdias e mestranda em Informao e Comunicao
(UFRGS)
Jornalista, mestranda em Comunicao e Informao pela
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), na
linha de Informao, Redes Sociais e Tecnologias, e
especialista em Jornalismo e Convergncia de Mdias.
Atuou em empresas como AmBev, Petrobras, portal Terra
e Grupo RBS, onde foi reprter, editora e colunista.
Atualmente pesquisa a construo de celebridade na
Internet e leciona para os cursos de Jornalismo, Relaes
Pblicas e Publicidade e Propaganda. Adora biografias,
histria, cultura pop, idiomas, viagens, cavalos, no vive
sem msica, humor e certa dose de acidez. Tem um lhasa
apso jedi e se define como uma rockstar frustrada prestes
a estourar, sempre achando que algo pode dar certo, um
dia.
@SusanLiesenberg
Thiane Loureiro
Especialista em mdias digitais
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Formada em jornalismo pela Universidade Metodista de


So Bernardo do Campo, comeou sua carreira como
reprter na Editora Abril, conheceu assessoria de imprensa
na Hill and Knowlton, fez cobertura em tempo real na
Reuters e se tornou relaes pblicas na Edelman, onde
teve a oportunidade de desenvolver a prtica de Digital,
focada em ajudar empresas a engajar diversos pblicos
por meio das redes sociais. "Fuadora nata" de tudo o que
aparece na Internet, tambm f de msica, cinema,
viagens e maluca por cachorros.
@Thiane
Walter Teixeira Lima Junior
Ps-doutor em Comunicao e tecnologia. Doutor em
Jornalismo Digital pela ECA/USP, mestrado em
Comunicao Social, tendo outras duas ps-graduaes,
uma em Consultoria em Internet (Cincias Exatas) e uma
em Comunicao Social, alm de certificaes Adobe
Digital Video Convergence e Internet/Intranet System
Programmer Analyst (ISPA), pela Cyclades. Na rea da
pesquisa, coordenador do Grupo de Pesquisa
Comunicao, Tecnologia e Cultura de Rede (TeccRed),
do Programa de Ps-Graduao da Csper Lbero.
Tambm membro do Conselho Deliberativo do Grupo de
Cincia Cognitiva da Universidade de So Paulo
(LSI/Poli/USP), com pesquisas na rea da Sistemas e
Relevncia da Informao. coordenador da Rede de
Pesquisa Aplicada Jornalismo e Tecnologias Digitais
(JorTec), abrigada na Associao Brasileira de
Pesquisadores em Jornalismo (SBPjor). Na rea
profissional, foi editor-geral de Internet do Grupo A Tribuna
de Santos, sendo pioneiro no Brasil em contedo para a
Internet, editor de Informtica e Assessor de Imprensa da
Universidade de So Paulo. Consultor Estratgico para
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Mdias Futuras, sendo especialista em contedos,


arquiteturas, tecnologias para sistemas estruturado em
Redes (Mdias Sociais).
@walter_lima
Willian Arajo
Jornalista, proletrio das mdias sociais e mestrando em
Processos e Manifestaes Culturais
Formado em jornalismo pela Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria, fez ps-graduao em Comunicao Digital e
atualmente realiza mestrado em Processos e
Manifestaes Culturais na Universidade Feevale.
Profissionalmente j atuou no rdio e em projetos de
mdias sociais de empresas como Terra e RBS.
@Willianaraujo
http://willianaraujo.com

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