Concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe and Se significantly decrease in the serum of breast cancer patients compared with benign and controls. Lack of copper reduces the synthesis of Cu / Zn-SOD mRNA as well as the insertion of this element into the apoenzyme to form active enzyme. Zinc status has been reported to regulate the extracellular form of superoxide dismutase.
Concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe and Se significantly decrease in the serum of breast cancer patients compared with benign and controls. Lack of copper reduces the synthesis of Cu / Zn-SOD mRNA as well as the insertion of this element into the apoenzyme to form active enzyme. Zinc status has been reported to regulate the extracellular form of superoxide dismutase.
Concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe and Se significantly decrease in the serum of breast cancer patients compared with benign and controls. Lack of copper reduces the synthesis of Cu / Zn-SOD mRNA as well as the insertion of this element into the apoenzyme to form active enzyme. Zinc status has been reported to regulate the extracellular form of superoxide dismutase.
Elevated levels of MDA with depleted values of trace elements associated with
antioxidant enzyme system, observed in the serum of benign and breast
carcinoma patients in the present study can be attributed to a decline of antioxidant activity in malignant and benign group in comparison to healthy volunteers. Our study is supported by numerous epidemiological studies which have revealed that low levels of antioxidants are associated with an increased risk of breast carcinoma. Trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe and Se are important co-factors for the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. The antioxidant enzymes protect the body from oxygen free radicals that are produced during oxidative stress. Trace elements play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Involvement of trace elements in the etiology of cancer has been reported in literature. We found concentrations of Cu, Zn, Se, Mg and Fe significantly decrease in the serum of breast cancer patients compared with benign and controls and these levels were found to increase with the progression of disease, tumor size, and presence of lymph node. Lack of copper reduces the synthesis of Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA as well as the insertion of this element into the apoenzyme to form active enzyme. Cu deficiency also reduces the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD activity in human tissues. Zinc status has been reported to regulate the extracellular form of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that destroys the superoxide radical. In this study we found a significant positive correlation of TLR-9 and MDA with Se, Cu, Zn, Mg and, Fe. The suggested importance of the deficiencies of trace elements relates to the fact that they are present inmetallothionein (zinc), ceruloplasmin (copper), superoxide dismutases (copper, selenium, zinc) and glutathione peroxidase (selenium). Conversely, copper as a transition metal can catalyze the formation of free radicals. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation may play important role in cancer development and progression and has been associated with a higher tumor grade and poor prognosis. However, the exact mechanism of these cells in the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. A quintessential signaling mechanism of inflammation uses the TLR family which is a highly conserved family of transmembrane proteins that recognize a range of pathogen associated molecular patterns as well as endogenous macromolecules released by oxidative damaged tissue. Numerous reports have described TLR expression in the tumor microenvironment as it relates to cancer progression as well as their involvement in oxidative stress induced inflammation. However, investigations of TLRs in breast cancer are limited. We observed significantly reduced concentrations of TLR-9 in the serum of malignant patients than those in benign and control. Similarly significantly reduced concentrations of TLR-9 were noticed in serum of benign patients than those in control. Our present study indicates the decreased levels of TLR-9 in breast cancer patients was associated with the disease progression and advanced stage.
Os nveis elevados de MDA com valores empobrecido de oligoelementos
associados com o sistema de enzima anti-oxidante, observados no soro de pacientes com carcinoma de mama benignas e no presente estudo, pode ser atribudo a uma diminuio da actividade antioxidante no grupo malignos e benignos, em comparao com voluntrios saudveis. O nosso estudo suportado por vrios estudos epidemiolgicos, que revelaram que os baixos nveis de anti-oxidantes esto associados com um risco aumentado de carcinoma da mama. Oligoelementos como Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe e Se so co-fatores importantes para a regulao da atividade da enzima antioxidante. As enzimas antioxidantes protegem o organismo de radicais livres de oxignio, que so produzidos durante o estresse oxidativo. Elementos vestigiais desempenham um papel importante na patognese de cancro. O envolvimento de elementos-trao na etiologia do cncer tem sido relatado na literatura. Ns encontramos concentraes de Cu, Zn, Se, Fe e Mg diminuir significativamente no soro de pacientes com cancro da mama em comparao com os controlos e benigna e estes nveis foram encontradas para aumentar com a progresso da doena, o tamanho do tumor, e na presena de ndulo linftico. Falta de cobre reduz a sntese de Cu / Zn-SOD ARNm, bem como a insero deste elemento para o apoenzima para formar uma enzima activa. Deficincia de cobre tambm reduz a expresso de actividade de Cu / Zn-SOD em tecidos humanos. Estado de zinco tem sido relatado para regular a forma extracelular da superxido dismutase, uma enzima que destri o radical superxido. Neste estudo encontrou uma correlao positiva significativa de TLR-9 e MDA com Se, Cu, Zn, Mg e, Fe. A importncia sugerido das deficincias de oligoelementos refere-se ao fato de que eles esto presentes inmetallothionein (zinco), ceruloplasmina (cobre), superxido dismutase (cobre, selnio e zinco) e da glutationa peroxidase (selnio). Por outro lado, o cobre como um metal de transio pode catalisar a formao de radicais livres. Acumulando as evidncias sugerem que a inflamao pode desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento e progresso do cancro e tem sido associado com um maior grau do tumor e de prognstico reservado. No entanto, o mecanismo exacto dessas clulas no microambiente do tumor pouco compreendida. Um mecanismo de sinalizao de inflamao por excelncia usa a famlia de TLR, que uma famlia altamente conservadas de protenas transmembranares que reconhecem uma variedade de padres de agentes patognicos moleculares associados, bem como macromolculas endgenas libertadas pelo tecido danificado oxidativo. Vrios relatrios descreveram a expresso de TLR no microambiente tumoral, uma vez que refere-se a progresso do cancro, bem como o seu envolvimento na inflamao induzida por estresse oxidativo. No entanto, as investigaes de TLRs em cncer de mama so limitadas. , Foram observadas concentraes de TLR-9 reduziu significativamente no soro de pacientes malignos do que aqueles em benignos e controle. Da mesma forma concentraes significativamente reduzidos de TLR-9 foram observadas em soro de pacientes benignas do que aqueles no controle. Nosso presente estudo indica a diminuio dos nveis de TLR-9 em pacientes
com cncer de mama foi associada com a progresso da doena e estgio