Application of Mole Concept

CHEMISTRY
TARGET IIT JEE 2014

XI (P)
APPLICATION OF
MOLE CONCEPT
It's a furry animal !!
What is a mole?
A mole is something that

my brother has on his face.
Idiots ! Its chemistry
A mole is a counting unit.
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Application of Mole Concept
[2]
CHEMISTRY STUDY OF MATTER

Overview of Chemistry
Special Highlights
BRAIN TEASERS:
GENERAL MISTAKE:
TEACHERS ADVICE:
[3]
KEY CONCEPTS
1.
1.1
LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION

Law of conservation of mass [Lavoisier]
In any physical or chemical change mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.
1.2
Law of constant composition [Proust]

A chemical compound always contains the same element combined together in fixed proportion
by mass.
1.3
Law of multiple proportions [Dalton]

When two elements combine to form two or more compounds, the different masses of one
element which combine with a fixed mass of the other element, bear a simple ratio to one another.
1.4
Law of reciprocal proportions [Richter]

When two different elements combine with the same mass of a third element, the ratio in which
they do so will be same or simple multiple if both directly combined with each other. In all
chemical reactions, substances reacts in the ratio of their equivalent masses.
1.5
Gay Lussac law of combining volumes [Gay Lussac]

When gases combined or produced in a chemical reaction they do so in a simple ratio by volume
provided all the gases are at same temperature and pressure.
"Wonder these laws are useful?"
"These are no longer useful in chemical calculations now but gives an

idea of earlier methods of analysing and relating compounds by mass."
2.
2.1
BASIC DEFINITION INVOLVED

Atomic mass
Atomic mass of an element can be defined as the number which indicates how many times the mass of
one atom of the element is heavier in comparison to
Atomic mass =
2.2
1
th part of the mass of one atom of Carbon-12.
12
[ Mass of an atom of the element]

Mass of an atom in amu
=
1
1 amu
[ Mass of an atom of carbon - 12]
12
Atomic mass unit (amu)

The quantity [
1
mass of an atom of C12] is known as atomic mass unit.
12
[4]
Can you calculate value of 1 amu in gram?
Be clear in the difference between 1 amu and 1 gm.

2.3
Gram atomic mass

The gram atomic mass can be defined as the mass of 1 mole atoms of an element.
2.4
Average atomic weight = % of isotope X molar mass of isotope.
The % obtained by above expression (used in above expression) is by

number (i.e. its a mole%)
2.5
Molecular mass
Molecular mass is the number which indicates how many times one molecule of a substance is heavier in
1
th of the mass of one atom of C-12.
comparison to
12
Molecular mass =
=
2.6
Mass of one molecule of the substance (in amu)

1
[ Mass of an atom of C - 12]
12
Mass of one molecule of the substance (in amu)

1 amu
Gram Molecular mass

Gram molecular mass can be defined as the mass of 1 mole of molecules.
2.7
Average molecular weight =
niMi
ni
where ni = no. of moles of any compound and mi = molecular mass of any compound.
Make yourselves clear in the difference between mole% and mass% in

question related to above.
Shortcut for % determination if average atomic weight is given for X
having isotopes XA & XB.
[5]
% of
XA
Average atomic weight wt of X B

=
100
difference in weight of X A & X B
Try working out of such a shortcut for XA, XB, XC
2.8
Mole : One mole is a collection of that many entities as there are number of atoms exactly in 12 gm of
C-12 isotope.
or
1 mole = collection of 6.02 1023 species
6.02 1023 = NA = Avogadro's No.
1 mole of atoms is also termed as 1 gm-atom, 1 mole of ions is termed as 1 gm-ion
and 1 mole of molecule termed as 1 gm-molecule.
3.
METHODS OF CALCULATIONS OF MOLE :

Given no.
NA
(a)
If no. of some species is given, then no. of moles =
(b)
If weight of a given species is given, then no of moles =

or
(c)
Given wt.
(for atoms),
Atomic wt.
Given wt.
(for molecules)
Molecular wt.
If volume of a gas is given along with its temperature (T) and pressure (P)
PV
RT
where R = 0.0821 lit-atm/mol-K (when P is in atmosphere and V is in litre.)
use n =
1 mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.7 litre.
Gases do not have volume. What is meant by "Volume of gas"?
Do not use this expression (PV = nRT) for solids/liquids.
How would I calculate moles if volume of a solid is given?
[6]
4.
4.1
EMPIRICAL FORMULA, MOLECULAR FORMULA :

Empirical formula : Formula depicting constituent atom in their simplest ratio.
Molecular formula : Formula depicting actual number of atoms in one molecule of the compound
4.2
Relation between the two : Molecular formula = Empirical formula n

Molecular mass
n = Empirical Formula mass
Check out the importance of each step involved in calculations of empirical

formula.
4.3
Vapour density :
Vapour density : Ratio of density of vapour to the density of hydrogen at similar pressure and
temperature.
Vapour density =
Molecular mass
2
Can you prove the above expression?
Is the above parameter temperature dependent?
5.
STOICHIOMETRY : Stoichiometry pronounced (stoy key om e tree) is the calculations of

the quantities of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. Following methods can be used
for solving problems.
(a)
Mole Method
Balance reaction required
(b)
Factor Label Method
(c)
POAC method } Balancing not required
(d)
Equivalent concept } to be discussed later
6.
6.1
CONCEPT OF LIMITING REAGENT.

Limiting Reagent : It is very important concept in chemical calculation. It refers to reactant which is
present in minimum stoichiometry quantity for a chemical reaction. It is reactant consumed fully in a
chemical reaction. So all calculations related to various products or in sequence of reactions are made
on the basis of limiting reagent.
It comes into picture when reaction involves two or more reactants. For
solving any such reactions,first step is to calculate L.R.
[7]
6.2
Calculation of Limiting Reagent :

(a)
By calculating the required amount by the equation and comparing it with given amount.
[Useful when only two reactant are there]
(b)
By calculating amount of any one product obtained taking each reactant one by one irrespective
of other reactants. The one giving least product is limiting reagent.
(c)
Divide given moles of each reactant by their stoichiometric coefficient, the one with least ratio is
limiting reagent. [Useful when number of reactants are more than two.]
7.
PERCENTAGE YIELD
actual yield
The percentage yield of product = the theoretical maximum yield 100
For reversible reactions, the actual amount of any limiting reagent consumed in
such incomplete reactions is given by [% yield given moles of limiting reagent]
For irreversible reaction with % yield less than 100, the reactants is
converted to product (desired) and waste.
8.
8.1
SOME EXPERIMENTAL METHODS :

For determination of atomic mass :
Dulong's and Petit's Law :
Atomic weight specific heat (cal/gmC) 6.4
Gives approximate atomic weight and is applicable for metals only. Take
care of units of specific heat.
8.2
Quantitative Analysis
1.
Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen
2.
Estimation of Nitrogen
(i)
Dumas method
(ii)
Kjeldahls method
3.
Estimation of Halogens
4.
Estimation of Sulphur
5.
Estimation of Phosphorus
6.
Estimation of Oxygen
[8]
8.3
For molecular mass determination :

(a)
Victor Maeyer's process : (for volatile substance)
Procedure : Some known weight of a volatile substance (w) is taken, converted to vapour and
collected over water. The volume of air displaced over water is given (V) and the following
expressions are used.
w
w
RT
RT
M=
or
M=
(P P' )V
PV
If aq. tension is not given
If aq. tension is P'
Aqueous tension : Pressure exerted due to water vapours at any given temperature.
This comes in picture when any gas is collected over water. Can you
guess why?
(b)
Silver salt method : (for organic acids)

Basicity of an acid : No. of replacable H+ atoms in an acid (H contained to more electronegative
atom is acidic)
Procedure : Some known amount of silver salt (w1 gm) is heated to obtain w2 gm of while
shining residue of silver. Then if the basicity of acid is n, molecular weight of acid would be
w2 1
Msalt w1 and molecular weight of acid = M n(107)

salt
108 n
This is one good practical application of POAC.

(c)
Chloroplatinate salt method : (for organic bases)

Lewis acid : electron pair acceptor
Lewis base :electron pair donor
Procedure : Some amount of organic base is reacted with H2PtCl6 and forms salt known as
chloroplatinate. If base is denoted by B then salt formed
(i)
with monoacidic base = B2H2PtCl6
(ii)
with diacidic base = B2(H2PtCl6)2
(iii)
with triacidic base = B2(H2PtCl6)3
The known amount (w1 gm) of salt is heated and Pt residue is measured. (w2 gm). If acidity of base is 'n'
w2 1
M n (410)
M salt w1 and M = salt
then
base
2
195 n
[9]
EXERCISE # I
LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION AND AVERAGE MOLAR MASS
Q.1
2 isotopes of an element are present in 1 : 2 ratio of number, having mass number M and (M + 0.5)
respectively. Find the mean mass number of element.
Q.2
Find the number of neutrons in 0.45 g water, assuming that all the hydrogen atoms are H1 atoms and all
the oxygen atoms are O16 atoms
Q.3
A gaseous mixture contains CO2 (g) and N2O (g) in a 2 : 5 ratio by mass. Find the ratio of the number
of molecules of CO2 (g) and N2O (g)
Q.4
1.61 gm of Na2SO4.10H2O contains same number of oxygen atoms as present in x gm of H2SO4.

Calculate x.
Q.5
Ethanol, C2H5OH, is the substance commonly called alcohol. The density of liquid alcohol is
0.7893 g/ml at 293 K. If 1.2 mole of ethanol are needed for a particular experiment, what volume of
ethanol should be measured out?
Q.6
What time in sec., it would take to spend Avogadros number of rupees at the rate of 10 lac rupees per
second?
Q.7
Methane and propane are both constituent of natural gas. A sample of methane contains 5.7 gm of
C atom and 1.9 gm of H atom combined in certain way. Whereas a sample of propane contain 4.47 gm
of carbon atom and 0.993 gm of H atoms combined in different way. Show that two sample obey law of
multiple proportion.
Q.8
Substance A and B are colourless gases obtained by combining sulphur with oxygen. Substance A
results from combining 6 gm of sulphur with 6 gm of oxygen and substance B result from combining
8.6 gm of sulphur with 12.88 gm of oxygen. Show that the mass ratio in two substances are in simple
multiple of each other.
Q.9
MOLE
How many gm of HCl is needed for complete reaction with 69.6 gm MnO2 ?
HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2
Q.10
Nitric acid is manufactured by the Ostwald process, in which nitrogen dioxide reacts with water.
3 NO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2 HNO3 (aq) + NO (g)
How many grams of nitrogen dioxide are required in this reaction to produce 25.2 gm HNO3 ?
Q.11
Flourine reacts with uranium to produce uranium hexafluoride, UF6, as represented by this equation
U(s) + 3F2(g) UF6(g)
How many fluorine molecules are required to produce 7.04 mg of uranium hexafluoride, UF6, from an
excess of uranium ? The molar mass of UF6 is 352 gm/mol. (NA = 6 1023)
Q.12
What total volume, in litre at 627C and 1 atm, could be formed by the decomposition of 16 gm of
NH4NO3 ?
Reaction : 2 NH 4NO3 2N2 + O2 + 4H2O(g).
[10]
Q.13
Q.14
Calculate mass of phosphoric acid required to obtain 53.4 gm pyrophosphoric acid.

LIMITING REACTANT
Titanium, which is used to make air plane engines and frames, can be obtained from titanium tetrachloride,
which in turn is obtained from titanium oxide by the following process :
3 TiO2(s) + 4C (s) + 6Cl2 (g) 3TiCl4(g) + 2CO2(g) + 2CO (g)
A vessel contains 4.32 gm TiO2, 5.76 gm C and; 7.1 gm Cl2, suppose the reaction goes to completion
as written, how many gram of TiCl4 can be produced ? (Ti = 48)
Q.15
A chemist wants to prepare diborane by the reaction

6 LiH + 8BF3 6Li BF4 + B2H6
If he starts with 2.0 moles each of LiH & BF3. How many moles of B2H6 can be prepared.
Q.16
Carbon reacts with chlorine to form CCl4. 36 gm of carbon was mixed with 142 gm of Cl2. Calculate
mass of CCl4 produced and the remaining mass of reactant.
Q.17
Sulphuric acid is produced when sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen and water in the presence of a
catalyst : 2SO2(g) + O2 (g) + 2 H2O(l) 2 H2SO4 . If 5.6 mol of SO2 reacts with 4.8 mol of O2 and
a large excess of water, what is the maximum number of moles of H2SO4 that can be obtained ?
Q.18
Potassium superoxide, KO2, is used in rebreathing gas masks to generate oxygen :

KO2(s) + H2O(l) KOH (s) + O2 (g)
If a reaction vessel contains 0.158 mol KO2 and 0.10 mol H2O, how many moles of O2 can be produced?
Q.19
PROBLEMS RELATED WITH MIXTURE

39 gm of an alloy of aluminium and magnesium when heated with excess of dil. HCl forms magnesium
chloride, aluminium chloride and hydrogen. The evolved hydrogen collected at 0C has a volume of
44.8 litres at 1 atm pressure. Calculate the composition of the aluminium by moles.
Q.20
A sample containing only CaCO3 and MgCO3 is ignited to CaO and MgO. The mixture of oxides
produced weight exactly half as much as the original sample. Calculate the mass percentages of CaCO3
and MgCO3 in the sample.
Q.21
Determine the percentage composition of a mixture (by mass) of anhydrous sodium carbonate and
sodium bicarbonate from the following data:
wt. of the mixture taken = 2 gm
Loss in weight on heating = 0.124 gm.
Q.22
A sample of mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl weighing 5.55 gm was treated to precipitate all the Ca as
CaCO3 which was then heated and quantitatively converted to 1.68 gm of CaO. Calculate the mass
percentage of CaCl2 in the mixture.
Q.23
When 4 gm of a mixture of NaHCO3 and NaCl is heated, 0.66 gm CO2 gas is evolved. Determine the
percentage composition of the original mixture by mass.
[11]
Q.24
PERCENTAGE YIELD AND PERCENTAGE PURITY

A power company burns approximately 475 tons of coal per day to produce electricity. If the sulphur
content of the coal is 1.2 % by weight, how many tons SO2 are dumped into the atmosphere each day?
Q.25
Calculate the percent loss in weight after complete decomposition of a pure sample of potassium chlorate.
KClO3(s) KCl(s) + O2(g)
Q.26
A sample of calcium carbonate is 80% pure, 25 gm of this sample is treated with excess of HCl.How
much volume of CO2 will be obtained at 1 atm & 273 K?
Q.27
Cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene on heating with conc. H2SO4. If the yield of this reaction is
75%, how much cyclohexene will be obtained from 100 gm of cyclohexanol ?
H 2SO 4
C6H12O con
.
C6H10
Q.28
Q.29
How many grams of 80% pure Na2SO4 can be produced from 130 gm of 90% pure NaCl ?
SEQUENTIAL REACTIONS
Sulphur trioxide may be prepared by the following two reactions :
S8 + 8O2(g) 8SO2(g)
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
How many grams of SO3 will be produced from 1 mol of S8?
Q.30
2PbS + 3O2 2PbO + 2SO2

3SO2 + 2HNO3 + 2H2O 3H2SO4 + 2NO
According to the above sequence of reactions, how much H2SO4 will 1200 gm of PbS produce?
(Pb = 208)
Q.31
Potassium superoxide, KO2, is utilised in closed system breathing apparatus. Exhaled air contains CO2
and H2O, both of which are removed and the removal of water generates oxygen for breathing by the
reaction
4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 3O2(g) + 4KOH(s)
The potassium hydroxide removes CO2 from the apparatus by the reaction :
KOH (s) + CO2 (g) KHCO3(s)
(a) What mass of KO2 generates 48 gm of oxygen ?
(b) What mass of CO2 can be removed from the apparatus by 63.9 gm of KO2 ?
Q.32
Sodium chlorate, NaClO3, can be prepared by the following series of reactions:

2KMnO4 + 16 HCl 2 KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5 Cl2
6Cl2 +6 Ca(OH)2 Ca(ClO3)2 + 5 CaCl2 + 6H2O
Ca(ClO3)2 + Na2SO4 CaSO4 + 2 NaClO3
What mass of NaClO3 can be prepared from 100 ml of concentrated HCl (density 1.28 gm/ml and
36.5% by mass)? Assume all other substances are present in excess amounts.
[12]
Q.33
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
On complete combustion, 0.1 g of an organic compound gave 0.176g of carbon dioxide and 0.18 g of
water. Determine the percentage composition of carbon and hydrogen in the compound.
Q.34
In Dumas. method for estimation of nitrogen, 0.3g of an organic compound gave 24.93 mL of nitrogen
collected at 300K temperature and 775mm pressure.Calculate the percentage composition of nitrogen
in the compound. (Aqueous tension at 300K=15 mm)
Q.35
During estimation of nitrogen present in an organic compound by Kjeldahls method, the ammonia evolved
from 0.5 g of the compound in Kjeldahls estimation of nitrogen, neutralized 10 mL of 1 M H2SO4.
Find out the percentage of nitrogen in the compound.
Q.36
In Carius method of estimation of halogen, 1 g of an organic compound gave 0.094 g of AgBr. Find out
the percentage of bromine in the compound.
Q.37
In sulphur estimation, 0.64 g of an organic compound gave 0.466 g of barium sulphate. What is the
percentage of sulphur in the compound?
Q.38
A sample of 0.50 g of an organic compound was treated according to Kjeldahl's method. The ammonia
evolved was absorbed in 50 ml of 0.5 M H2SO4. The residual acid required 60 mL of 0.5 M solution of
NaOH for neutralization. Find the percentage composition of nitrogen in the compound.
Q.39
MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEM
P4S3 + 8O2 P4O10 + 3SO2
Calculate minimum mass of P4S3 is required to produce at least 0.96 gm of each product.
Q.40
By the reaction of carbon and oxygen, a mixture of CO and CO2 is obtained. What is the mass ratio of
the mixture obtained when 20 grams of O2 reacts completely with 12 grams of carbon ?
Q.41
In a determination of P an aqueous solution of NaH2PO4 is treated with a mixture of ammonium and

magnesium ions to precipitate magnesium ammonium phosphate Mg(NH4)PO4. 6H2O. This is heated
and decomposed to magnesium pyrophosphate, Mg2P2O7 which is weighed. A solution of NaH2PO4
yielded 3.33 gm of Mg2P2O7. What weight of NaH2PO4 was present originally?
Q.42
Calculate the amount of H2SO4 produced (in gm) when 40 ml H2O (d = 0.9 gm/ml) reacts with
49.26 l SO3 at 1 atm. and 300 K, according to the following reaction ?
H2O + SO3 H2SO4
Q.43
2.40 gm of the chloroplatinate of a mono acid base on ignition gave 0.8 gm of Pt. Calculate the mol. wt of the
base. (Pt = 195)
Q.44
0.75 gm of an organic compound gave on complete combustion 1.6 gm of carbon dioxide and 0.47 gm
of water. A given weight of the compound when heated with nitric acid and silver nitrate gave an equal
weight of silver chloride. 0.75 gm of the compound gave 58.57 ml of nitrogen at1 atm and 273 K.
Deduce the empirical formula of the compound?
Q.45
10 gm of an organic compound on complete combustion gives 17.6 gm CO2, 3.6 gm water and 6.4 gm
SO2. Deduce the empirical formula of compound.
Q.46
An organic compound contains C, H and O. 0.3 gm of this compound on combustion yielded 0.44 gm
CO2 and 0.18 gm of H2O. If the weight of 1 mole of compound is 60, find molecular formula.
[13]
EXERCISE # II
Q.1
Nitrogen (N), phosporus (P), and potassium (K) are the main nutrients in plant fertilizers. According to
an industry convention, the numbers on the label refer to the mass % of N, P2O5, and K2O, in that order.
Calculate the N : P : K ratio of a 28 : 14.2 : 4.7 fertilizer in terms of moles of each elements, and express
it as x : y : 1.0.
Q.2
A mixture of Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and Al is used as a solid rocket fuel which reacts to give Al2O3 and
Fe. No other reactants and products are involved. On complete reaction of 1 mole of Fe2O3, 200 units
of energy is released.
(i)
Write a balance reaction representing the above change.
(ii)
What should be the ratio of masses of Fe2O3 and Al taken so that maximum energy per
unit mass of fuel is released.
(iii)
What would be energy released if 16 kg of Fe2O3 reacts with 2.7 kg of Al.
Q.3
In one process for waterproofing, a fabric is exposed to (CH3)2SiCl2 vapour. The vapour reacts with
hydroxyl groups on the surface of the fabric or with traces of water to form the waterproofing film
[(CH3)2SiO]n, by the reaction
n(CH3)2SiCl2 + 2nOH 2nCl + nH2O + [(CH3)2SiO]n
where n stands for a large integer. The waterproofing film is deposited on the fabric layer upon layer.
Each layer is 6.0 thick [ the thickness of the (CH3)2SiO group]. How much (CH3)2 SiCl2 is needed to
waterproof one side of a piece of fabric, 1.00 m by 3.70 m, with a film 300 layers thick ? The density of
the film is 1.0 g/cm3. (Si = 28)
Q.4
A 10 g sample of a mixture of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is treated with Na2CO3 to precipitate
calcium as calcium carbonate. This CaCO3 is heated to convert all the calcium to CaO and the final mass
of CaO is 1.12gm. Calculate % by mass of NaCl in the original mixture.
Q.5
124 gm of mixture containing NaHCO3, AlCl3 & KNO3 requires 500 ml, 8% w/w NaOH solution
[dNaOH = 1.8 gm/ml] for complete neutralisation. On heating same amount of mixture, it shows loss in
weight of 18.6 gm. Calculate % composition of mixture by moles. Weak base formed doesn't interfere
in reaction. Assume KNO3 does not decompose under given conditions.
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Q.6
If the yield of chloroform obtainable from acetone and bleaching powder is 58%. What is the weight of
acetone required for producing 47.8 gm of chloroform ?
2CH3COCH3 + 6CaOCl2 Ca(CH3COO)2 + 2CHCl3 + 3CaCl2 + 2Ca(OH)2
Q.7
Chloride samples are prepared for analysis by using NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl separately or as mixture.
What minimum volume of 5 % by weight AgNO3 solution(sp.gr, 1.02 g ml1) must be added to a sample
of 0.321 gm in order to ensure complete precipitation of chloride in every possible case?
Q.8
A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, in the ratio of one mole of nitrogen to three moles of hydrogen, was
partially converted into NH3 so that the final product was a mixture of all these three gases. The mixture
was to have a density of 0.46 g per litre at 27C and 1.00 atm. What would be the mass of gas in
22.4 litres at 1 atm and 273 K? Calculate the % composition of this gaseous mixture, by volume.
[14]
Q.9
In order to determine the composition of a mixture of halides containing MBr2 & NaI, 14 gm mixture
was dissolved in water. To this solution AgNO3 solution of certain molarity was added gradually. The
mass of precipitate produced (in gm) were measured and it was plotted against volume of AgNO3
solution added (in ml). If it known that AgI is precipitated first. Precipitation of Br does not start until
the already precipitating I precipitates completely. Find out the value of ABCD where :
AB = Atomic weight of metal 'M'
CD = Mole percent of NaI in original mixture.
24.44
Total
Mass
of
ppt. formed 9.4
(in gm)
40
120
Vol.of AgNO3 added

(in ml)
Q.10
Equal weights of mercury and iodine are allowed to react completely to form a mixture of mercurous and
mercuric iodide leaving none of the reactants. Calculate the ratio by mole of Hg2I2 and HgI2 formed
(Hg = 200 , I = 127)
Q.11
Two substance P4 & O2 are allowed to react completely to form mixture of P4O6 & P4O10 leaving none
of the reactants. Using this information calculate the composition of final mixture when mentioned amount
of P4 & O2 are taken.
P4 + 3O2 P4O6
P4 + 5O2 P4O10
(i)
If 1 mole P4 & 4 mole of O2
(ii)
(iii)
Q.12
The chief ore of Zn is the sulphide, ZnS. The ore is concentrated by froth floatation process and then
heated in air to convert ZnS to ZnO.
%
2ZnS + 3O2 75
2ZnO + 2SO2
%
ZnO + H2SO4 100
ZnSO4 + H2O
(a)
(b)
Q.13
%
2ZnSO4 + 2H2O 80
2Zn + 2H2SO4 + O2
What mass of Zn will be obtained from a sample of ore containing 292.2 kg of ZnS.
Calculate the volume of O2 produced at 1 atm & 273 K, along with zinc. (Zn = 65.4)
4.9 gm sample of KClO3 was heated under such conditions that a part of it decomposed according to
the equation (1)
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
and remaining underwent change according to the equation.
(2)
4KClO3 3 KClO4 + KCl
If the amount of O2 evolved was 672 ml at 1 atm and 273 K., calculate the % by weight of KClO4 in the
residue.
[15]
Q.14
For a hypothetical chemical reaction represented by

3A(g) C(g) + D(g) , the following informations are known.
Information
(i)
At t = 0, only 1 mole of A is present and the gas has V.D. = 60.
(ii)
At t =30 min, the gaseous mixture consist of all three gases and has a vapour density = 75.
(iii)
Molecular Mass of C = 200
Calculate
(a)
Molecular weight of A and D.
(b)
Moles of each specie at t = 30 min.
Q.15
Consider the following set of reactions
)n
If 0.1 moles of silver salt is taken & wt. of residue obtained is 54 gms then what will be the molecular
mass of
CH 3 CH CH 3
|
Br
n
Q.16
The molecular mass of an organic acid was determined by the study of its barium salt. The barium salt
contains two moles of water of hydration per Ba+2 ion. 2.562 g of this salt reacts completely with 30 ml
of 0.2 M H2SO4 to produce BaSO4 and the acid. The acid is mono basic. What is molecular mass of
anhydrous acid ? 'x' M solution represent that there is 'x' mole of solute per litre of solution
(Atomic mass of Ba = 137)
[16]
EXERCISE # III
Fill in the blank:
Q.1 For the reaction,
2X + 3Y + 4Z 5W
Initially if 1 mole of X, 3 mole of Y and 4 mole of Z is taken. If 1.25 mole of W is obtained then % yield
of this reaction is _______.
Q.2
The vapour density of a mixture of gas A (Molecular mass = 40) and gas B (Molecular mass = 80) is 25.
Then mole % of gas B in the mixture would be ________.
Q.3
For the reaction

2A + 3B + 5C 3D
Initially if 2 mole of A, 4 mole of B and 6 mole of C is taken. With 25% yield, moles of D which can be
produced are _________.
Single Correct:
Q.4 3.64 gram of the silver salt of an organic dibasic acid yields, on strong heating, 2.16 gm of silver. If the
weight percentage of carbon in it 8 times the weight percentage of hydrogen and one-half the weight
percentage of oxygen, determine the molecular formula of the acid. [Atomic weight of Ag = 108]
(A) C4H6O4
(B) C4H6O6
(C) C2H6O2
(D) C5H10O5
Q.5
Maximum mass of sucrose C12H22O11 produced by mixing 84 gm of carbon, 12 gm of hydrogen and

56 lit. O2 at 1 atm & 273 K according to given reaction, is
C(s) + H2(g) + O2 (g) C12H22O11(s)
(A) 138.5
(B) 155.5
(C) 172.5
(D) 199.5
Q.6
40 gm of a carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal containing some inert impurities was
made to react with excess HCl solution. The liberated CO2 occupied 12.315 lit. at 1 atm & 300 K. The
correct option is
(A) Mass of impurity is 1 gm and metal is Be
(B) Mass of impurity is 3 gm and metal is Li
(C) Mass of impurity is 6 gm and metal is Li
(D) Mass of impurity is 2 gm and metal is Mg
Q.7
The percentage by mole of NO2 in a mixture of NO2(g) and NO(g) having average molecular mass 34 is :
(A) 25%
(B) 20%
(C) 40%
(D) 75%
Q.8
The minimum mass of mixture of A2 and B4 required to produce at least 1 kg of each product is :
(Given At. mass of 'A' = 10 ; At. mass of 'B' = 120)
2AB2 + 4A2B
5A2 + 2B4
(A) 2120 gm
(B) 1060 gm
(C) 560 gm
(D) 1660 gm
Q.9
74 gm of a compoud on complete combustion gives 132 gm CO2 and 54 gm of H2O. The molecular
formula of the compound may be
(A) C5H12
(B) C4H10O
(C) C3H6O2
(D) C3H7O2
Q.10
An iodized salt contains 0.5 % of NaI by weight . A person consumes 3 gm of salt everyday. The number
of iodide ions going into his body everyday is [Atomic weight I =127]
(A) 104
(B) 6.02 104
(C) 6.02 1019
(D) 6.02 1023
[17]
Q.11
The mass of CO2 produced from 620 gm mixture of C2H4O2 & O2, prepared to produce maximum
energy is (Combustion reaction is exothermic)
(A) 413.33 gm
(B) 593.04 gm
(C) 440 gm
(D) 320 gm
Q.12
In the quantitative determination of nitrogen, N2 gas liberated from 0.42 gm of a sample of organic
compound was collected over water. If the volume of N2 gas collected was
100
ml at total pressure
11
860 mm Hg at 250 K, % by mass of nitrogen in the organic compound is

[Aq. tension at 250 K is 24 mm Hg and R = 0.08 L atm mol1 K1 ]
(A)
10
%
3
(B)
5
%
3
(C)
20
%
3
(D)
100
%
3
Q.13
The mass of P4O10 produced if 440 gm of P4S3 is mixed with 384 gm of O2 is

P4S3 + O2 P4O10 + SO2
(A) 568 gm
(B) 426 gm
(C) 284 gm
(D) 396 gm
Q.14
Calculate percentage change in Mavg of the mixture, if PCl5 undergo 50% decomposition.
PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2
(A) 50%
(B) 66.66 %
(C) 33.33 %
(D) Zero
Q.15
The mass of Mg3N2 produced if 48 gm of Mg metal is reacted with 34 gm NH3 gas is

Mg + NH3 Mg3N2 + H2
(A)
200
3
(B)
100
3
(C)
400
3
(D)
150
3
Q.16
The number of carbon atoms present in a signature, if a signature written by carbon pencil weights
1.2 103 gm is
(A) 12.04 1020
(B) 6.02 1019
(C) 3.01 1019
(D) 6.02 1020
Q.17
The average atomic mass of a mixture containing 79 mole % of 24Mg and remaining 21 mole % of 25Mg
and 26Mg , is 24.31. % mole of 26Mg is
(A) 5
(B) 20
(C) 10
(D) 15
Q.18
Air contains 20% oxygen by volume, calculate the theoretical volume of air which will be required for
burning 200 m3 of acetylene gas completely. All volumes are measured under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure.
(A) 2500 m3
(B) 500 m3
(C) 2000 m3
(D) 3000 m3
Q.19
All alloy of iron (54.7%), nickel (45%) and manganese (0.3%) has a density of 8.17 g/cm3. How many
iron atoms are there in a block of alloy measuring 10 cm 20 cm 15 cm?
(A) 2.201 1026
(B)1.442 1026
(C) 8.41 1025
(D) 6.19 1026
Q.20
Aspartame, an artificial sweetener contains 9.52 wt. % nitrogen. There are two nitrogen atoms per
molecule. What is the molecular weight of aspartame?
(A) 147
(B) 294
(C) 588
(D) 266
[18]
Q.21
The specific gravity of the stainless steel spherical balls used in ball-bearings are 10.2. How many iron
atoms are present in each ball of diameter 1 cm if the balls contain 84% iron, by mass ? The atomic mass
of iron is 56.
(A) 4.12 1021
(B) 4.82 1022
(C) 3.82 1022
(D) None of these
Q.22
An organic compound contains 8 % Oxygen and 4 % Sulphur by mass. Find the minimum possible
molecular weight of compound?
(A) 400
(B) 200
(C) 800
(D) 1600
Assertion Reason:
Q.23 Statement -1 : 2A + 3B C
4/3 moles of 'C' are always produced when 3 moles of 'A' & 4 moles of 'B' are
added.
Statement -2 : 'B' is the liming reactant for the given data.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
(D) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
More than one correct:
Q.24 For the following reactions
40%
Na2SO4 + H2O + NH3
(NH4)2SO4 + NaOH
Yield = 40%
80%
NH4Cl
NH3 + HCl
Yield = 80%
Choose correct option(s). [Assuming all other reactants required are in sufficient amount]
(A) Produced mass of NH4Cl is 2.71 gm if 4 gm of NaOH is taken
(B) 41.25 gm (NH4)2SO4 is required to produce 10.7 gm NH4Cl
(C) 25 gm of NaOH is required to produce 10.7 gm NH4Cl
(D) Produced moles of NH4Cl (in IInd reaction) are 1.6 times of produced moles of Na2SO4
(in Ist reaction.) if 4 gm of NaOH is taken
Match the column:

Q.25 One type of artifical diamond (commonly called YAG for yttrium aluminium garnet) can be represented
by the formula Y3Al5O12.[Y = 89, Al =27]
Column I
Column II
Element
Weight percentage
(A)
Y
(P)
22.73%
(B)
Al
(Q)
32.32%
(C)
O
(R)
44.95%
Q.26
The recommended daily dose is 17.6 milligrams of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) having formula C6H8O6.
Match the following. Given : NA = 6 1023
Column I
Column II
(A)
O-atoms present
(P)
104 mole
(B)
Moles of vitamin C in 1 gm of vitamin C
(Q)
5.68 103
(C)
Moles of vitamin C in recommended daily dose
(R)
3.6 1020
[19]
Q.27
Br2 reacts with O2 in either of the following ways depending upon supply of O2.
Br2 +
1
O Br2O
2 2
3
O Br2O3
2 2
Match composition of the final mixture for initial amount of reactants.
Column I
Column II
(Initial reactants)
(Final product)
(A)
320 gm Br2 is mixed with 64 gm of O2
(P)
1 mole Br2O3
Br2 +
(B)
160 gm Br2 is mixed with 8 gm of O2
(Q)
(C)
80 gm Br2 is mixed with 32 gm O2
(R)
(D)
160 gm Br2 is mixed with 48 gm O2
(S)
1
1
mole (Br2O), mole (Br2)
2
2
1 mole (Br2O), 1 mole (Br2O3)
1
1
mole (Br2O3) , mole (O2)
2
4
Comprehension:
Q.28
Paragraph for question nos. 28 to 30

24 gm pure sample of magnesium is burned in air to form magnesium oxide and magnesium nitride.
When products are treated with excess of H2O, 3.4 gm of gaseous NH3 is generated according to given
reactions.
Mg + O2 MgO
Mg + N2 Mg3N2
Mg3N2 + 6H2O 3Mg (OH)2 + 2NH3
Calculate the amount of magnesium oxide (in gm) in products.
(A) 28
(B) 20
(C) 16.8
(D) 32
Q.29
Calculate the amount of Mg(OH)2 (in gm) produced in above reaction.

(A) 11.6
(B) 17.4
(C) 23.2
(D) 15.8
Q.30
Calculate the mass % of Mg converted into Mg3N2.

(A) 20
(B) 30
(C) 35
Q.31
(D) 40

NaBr, used to produce AgBr for use in photography can be self prepared as follows :
Fe + Br2 FeBr2
....(i)
FeBr2 + Br2 Fe3Br8
....(ii)
(not balanced)
Fe3Br8 + Na2CO3 NaBr + CO2 + Fe3O4
....(iii) (not balanced)
Mass of iron required to produce 2.06 103 kg NaBr [Atomic weigth Br = 80, Fe = 56 ]
(A) 420 gm
(B) 420 kg
(C) 4.2 105 kg
(D) 4.2 108 gm
Q.32
If the yield of (ii) is 60% & (iii) reaction is 70% then mass of iron required to produce 2.06 103 kg
NaBr
(A) 105 kg
(B) 105 gm
(C) 103 kg
(D) None
Q.33
If yield of (iii) reaction is 90% then mole of CO2 formed when 2.06 103 gm NaBr is formed
(A) 20
(B) 10
(C) 40
(D) None
[20]
Q.34
Q.35
Q.36
Q.37

Water is added to 3.52 grams of UF6. The products are 3.08 grams of a solid [containing only U, O
and F] and 0.8 gram of a gas only. The gas [containing fluorine and hydrogen only], contains 95 % by
mass fluorine. [Assume that the empirical formula is same as molecular formula.]
(U = 238, F = 19)
The empirical formula of the gas is
(A) HF2
(B) H2F
(C) HF
(D) HF3
The empirical formula of the solid product is
(A) UF2O2
(B) UFO2
(C) UF2O
(D) UFO
The percentage of fluorine of the original compound which is converted into gaseous compound is
(A) 66.66 %
(B) 33.33 %
(C) 50 %
(D) 89.9 %
An organic compound contains 69.4 % C, 5.8 % H. A sample of 0.303 g of this compound is analysed
for nitrogen by Kieldahl's method. The ammonia evolved was absorbed in 50 mL of 0.05 M H2SO4.
The excess acid required 25 mL of 0.1 M NaOH for neutralization. Molecular weight of organic compound
is 121.
What is percentage of 'N' in the compound?
(A) 7.4 %
(B) 11.55%
(C) 19.4 %
(D) 21.6 %
Q.38
Number of hydrogen atoms in the molecular formula of the compound?

(A) 7
(B) 10
(C) 5
(D) 12
Q.39
0.303 g of the organic compound, in Duma's method on combustion gave 32.27 mL of moist nitrogen at
27C and at P mm Hg pressure. If the vapour pressure at 27C is 21 mm of Hg. Find the value of 'P'?
(A) 725 mm
(B) 746 mm
(C) 710 mm
(D) 760 mm
1.0 g of an alloy of Al and Mg when treated with excess of dil HCl forms MgCl2, AlCl3 and hydrogen.
The evolved hydrogen, collected over Hg at 0C has a volume of 1.218 litre at 0.92 atm pressure.
3
H
2 2
Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl AlCl3 +
Q.40
Q.41
Weight percentage of Al in the mixture is:

(A) 60%
(B) 40%
(C) 55%
(D) 45%
Moles of MgCl2 produced will be?

(A) 0.025
(B) 0.0167
(C) 0.0125
(D) 0.0114
[21]
EXERCISE # IV
Q.1
An evacuated glass vessel weighs 50 gm when empty , 148.0 g when completely filled with liquid of
density 0.98 gml1 and 50.5 g when filled with an ideal gas at 760 mm at 300 K . Determine the
molecular weight of the gas.
[JEE '98,3]
Q.2
A plant virus is found to consist of uniform cylindrical particles of 150 in diameter and 5000 long.
The specific volume of the virus is 0.75 cm3 / g. If the virus is considered to be a sinlge particle, find its
molar mass.
[JEE 1999]
Q.3
At 100 C and 1 atmp , if the density of liquid water is 1.0 g cm 3 and that of water vapour is
0.0006 g cm 3 , then the volume occupied by water molecules in 1 L of steam at that temperature is :
(A) 6 cm3
(B) 60 cm3
(C) 0.6 cm3
(D) 0.06 cm3
[JEE '2001 (Scr), 1]
Q.4
How many moles of e weigh one Kg

(A) 6.023 1023
(B)
1
1031
9.108
[JEE'2002 (Scr), 1]
(C)
6.023
1054
9.108
(D)
1
108
9.108 6.023
Q.5
Calculate the amount of Calcium oxide required when it reacts with 852 gm of P4O10. [JEE 2005]
6CaO + P4O10 2Ca3(PO4)2
Q.6
20% surface sites have adsorbed N2. On heating N2 gas evolved from sites and were collected at
0.001 atm and 298 K in a container of volume is 2.46 cm3. Density of surface sites is 6.0231014/cm2
and surface area is 1000 cm2, find out the no. of surface sites occupied per molecule of N2.
[JEE 2005]
Q.7
Silver (atomic weight = 108 g mol1) has a density of 10.5 g cm3. The number of silver atoms on a
surface of area 1012 m2 can be expressed in scientific notation as y 10x. The value of x is
[JEE 2010]
Q.8
A decapeptide (Mol. Wt. = 796) on complete hydrolysis gives glycine (Mol. Wt.= 75), alanine and
phenylalanine. Glycine contributes 47.0 % to the total weight of the hydrolysed products. The number of
glycine units present in the decapeptide is
[JEE 2011]
[Given : Decapeptide consumes nine molecules of H2O for hydrolysis]
[22]
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # I
1
3
Q.2
1.2 1023
2:5
Q.4
1.78
Q.5
70 ml
Q.6
6.023 1017
Q.9
116.8 gm
Q.10
27.6 gm
Q.11
3.6 1019
Q.12
51.723 litre
Q.13
58.8 gm
Q.14
9.5 gm
Q.15
0.25 mole
Q.16
w CCl = 154 gm ; w = 24 gm
c
4
Q.17
5.6
Q.18
0.1185
Q.19
Al = 66.6%
Q.20
CaCO3 = 28.4%; MgCO3 = 71.6%
Q.21
NaHCO3 = 16.8 %; Na2CO3 = 83.2 %
Q.22
60%
Q.23
NaHCO3 = 63 % , NaCl = 37%
Q.24
11.4
Q.25
39.18%
Q.26
4.48 litre
Q.27
61.5 gm
Q.28
177.5 gm
Q.29
640.0 gm
Q.30
490 gm
Q.31
(a) 142 gm (b) 39.6 gm
Q.32
14.2 gm
Q.33
42 %, 20 %
Q.34
9.3 %
Q.35
56%
Q.36
4%
Q.37
10 %
Q.38
56%
Q.39
1.1 gm
Q.40
mco : m co 2 = 21 : 111
Q.41
3.6 gm
Q.42
196 gm
Q.43
87.5 g/mol
Q.44
C7H10NCl
Q.45
C4H4SO
Q.46
C 2H 4O 2
Q.1
M+
Q.3
EXERCISE # II
Q.1
20 : 2 : 1
Q.2
(i) Fe2O3 + 2 Al Al2O3 + 2Fe; (ii) 80 : 27; (iii)10,000 units
Q.3
1.161 gram
Q.5
AlCl3 = 33.33%; NaHCO3 = 50%; KNO3 = 16.67%
Q.6
40 gm
Q.8
11.33gm, N2 = 16.67 % H2 = 50%, NH3 = 33.33%
Q.9
4050
Q.4
Q.7
Q.10
%NaCl = 77.8%
20 ml
1 : 2.70
[23]
Q.12
(a) 117.72 kg ; (b) 20.16 103 lit.
Q.11
(i) 0.5 , 0.5 ; (ii) 2, 1 (iii) 1, 2
Q.13
52.72%
Q.14
(a) MA = 120, MD = 160; (b)nA = 0.4, nC= 0.2 , nD =0.2
Q.15
495
Q.16
128
EXERCISE # III
Q.1
50%
Q.2
25%
Q.3
0.75
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Q.7
Q.8
Q.9
Q.10
Q.11
Q.12
Q.13
Q.14
Q.15
Q.16
Q.17
Q.18
Q.19
Q.20
Q.21
Q.22
Q.23
Q.24
BCD Q.25
(A) R, (B) P, (C) Q
Q.26
(A) R, (B) Q, (C) P
Q.27
(A) R, (B) Q , (C) S , (D) P
Q.28
Q.29
Q.30
Q.31
Q.32
Q.33
Q.34
Q.35
Q.36
Q.37
Q.38
Q.39
Q.40
Q.41
EXERCISE # IV
Q.1
123 g/mol
Q.2
7.092 107 g
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
1008 gm
Q.6
Q.7
Q.8
[24]

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