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3-8
1. Plan
Objectives
1
2
Examples
1
2
3
4
5
roots
. . . And Why
1. 112 121
2. (-12)2 144
5. 0.6 2 0.36
2
6. Q 12 R 41
GO for Help
3. -(12)2 144
2
7. Q 2 23 R 49
Lesson 1-2
4. 1.5 2 2.25
2
8. Q 45 R 16
25
Part
1 1 Finding Square Roots
Math Background
42
(4)2
Square 4
root
of 16
4
16
Key Concepts
Denition
Square Root
A radical symbol ! indicates a square root. The expression !16 means the
positive, or principal square root of 16. The expression - !16 means the
negative square root of 16. The expression under the radical sign is a radicand.
You can use the symbol 4 to indicate both square roots.
Vocabulary Tip
Read !16 as the square
root of 16. Read 4 as
plus or minus.
EXAMPLE
176
e. !216 is undened.
c. 2!121 11
1 1
d. 25
5
Special Needs
Below Level
L1
176
9 = 43
c. 4 16
4
d. 4 !0 = 0
Quick Check
L2
2. Teach
Some square roots are rational numbers and some are irrational numbers.
Vocabulary Tip
Rational: !100 = 10
4 !0.36 = 40.6
In decimal form, a
rational number
terminates or repeats. In
decimal form, an
irrational number
continues without
repeating.
16 = 4
11
121
1 0.377964473
Guided Instruction
EXAMPLE
PowerPoint
Additional Examples
b. 2!1.44 = -1.2
rational
c. 2!5 -2.23606798
irrational
4=2
3
e. 13 0.57735026
rational
d.
Quick Check
rational
a. !25 5
9
b. 4 25
w35
c. - !64 8 d. !249 undefined
e.
irrational
a. !8 irrational
1 rational
2
T
4
3
T
9
4
T
16
5
T
25
6
T
36
Additional Examples
3 Between what two consecutive
integers is !28.34 ? 5 and 6
!14.52
!14.52
T
3
!16
T
The square roots of 9 and 16 are 3 and 4, respectively.
Quick Check
EXAMPLE
Closure
Quick Check
14.52
Advanced Learners
Resources
Daily Notetaking Guide 3-8 L3
Daily Notetaking Guide 3-8
L1
Adapted Instruction
rational
PowerPoint
e. !7 irrational
d.
1
T
consecutive perfect squares: 1
b. - 15 irrational
c. - !6.25 rational
Estimatingand
andUsing
UsingSquare
SquareRoots
Roots
1 2 Estimating
Part
consecutive integers:
16 4
177
L4
177
3. Practice
Assignment Guide
d = "x2 1 (2x) 2
2 A B
17-25, 39-48, 52
C Challenge
53-57
2x
58-63
64-73
Quick Check
Practice by Example
Example 1
GO for
Help
(page 176)
(page 177)
Example 3
(page 177)
Example 4
(page 177)
Example 5
(page 178)
GPS Guided Problem Solving
L3
L4
Enrichment
L2
Reteaching
L1
Adapted Practice
Class
Date
L3
1. d 2
2. h 6
3. 2k 8
4. s + 4 2
5. 3c - 6 3
6. 2n + 3 5
7. 3.5z 7
8. ` 23 x ` 4
13. 2n - 1 1
10. j - 2 6
11. 5 v + 2 + 3
12. 4y + 11 7
14. ` 12 x 1 1 ` 1
15. -2h - 2 -2
16. 32x 12
19. 2 12 6x - 3 2 23
5 Suppose the tower is 140 ft tall. How long is the supporting wire? Round to the
nearest tenth of a foot. 156.5 ft
For more exercises, see Extra Skill and Word Problem Practice.
21. a = 9.5
22. b = -2
23. d - 25 = -13
24. 6z + 3 = 21
25. 3c - 45 = -18
uzu
26. -2 = 2 7
27. x = -0.8
5. !0.25 0.5
30. The mean distance of the earth from the sun is 93 million miles. The
distance varies by 1.6 million miles. Find the range of distances of the
earth from the sun.
31. Leona was in a golf tournament last week. All four of her rounds of golf
were within 2 strokes of par. If par was 72, nd the range of scores that
Leona could have shot for each round of the golf tournament.
32. Victors goal is to earn $75 per week at his after-school job. Last month
he was within $6.50 of his goal. Find the range of amounts that Victor
might have earned last month.
33. Members of the track team can run 400 m in an average time of 58.2 s.
The fastest and slowest times vary from the average by 6.4 s. Find the
range of times for the track team.
34. The ideal length of a particular metal rod is 25.5 cm. The measured
length may vary from the ideal length by at most 0.025 cm. Find the
range of acceptable lengths for the rod.
35. When measured on a particular scale, the weight of an object may vary
from its actual weight by at most 0.4 lb. If the reading on the scale is
125.2 lb, nd the range of actual weights of the object.
36. One poll reported that the approval rating of the job performance of
the President of the United States was 63%. The poll was said to be
accurate to within 3.8%. What is the range of actual approval ratings?
6
6. 36
49 7
10. 2"144 12
3.
1 1
9 3
7. 2!1.21 1.1
5
11. 25
16 4
4. !900 30
8. !1.96 1.4
16 rational
13. !37 irrational 14. - !0.04 rational 15. 4 15 irrational 16. - 121
19. - !130
20. !170
13 and 14
12 and 11
Use a calculator to nd each square root to the nearest hundredth.
21. !12 3.46
25. Sports The elasticity coefcient e of a ball relates the height r of its rebound
to the height h from which it is dropped. You can use the function e = r
h
to nd the elasticity coefcient.What is the elasticity coefcient of a
tennis ball that rebounds 3 ft after it is dropped from a height of 3.5 ft?
Round to the nearest hundredth. 0.93
Find the square root(s) of each number.
26. 400 w20
27. 0 0
9 w3
29. 49
7
1 w1
31. 81
9
64 w 8
36. 121
11
38. Critical Thinking What number other than 0 is its own square root? 1
29. The average number of cucumber seeds in a package is 25. The number
of seeds in the package can vary by three. Find the range of acceptable
numbers of seeds in each package.
2. !400 20
178
Simplify.
9. !0.36 0.6
Example 2
9. 9 6 + 3t
d < 26.8
EXERCISES
Practice 3-6
Substitute 12 for x.
d = !144 1 576
d = !720
Practiceand
andProblem
ProblemSolving
Solving
Practice
Teaching Tip
Name
d = "122 1 (2 ? 12) 2
EXERCISES
Error Prevention!
Practice
Problem Solving
Construction The formula d = "x2 1 (2x) 2 gives the length d of each wire for
the tower at the left. Find the length of the wire if x = 12 ft.
Test Prep
Mixed Review
Real-World
EXAMPLE
178
d = "12,800h 1 h2 gives
the distance d in kilometers
to the horizon from a
satellite h kilometers above
Earth. Find the distance to the
horizon from a satellite
4200 km above Earth. Round
to the nearest kilometer. C
130 km
7333 km
8450 km
GO
PowerPoint
Lesson Quiz
1. Simplify each expression.
a. !196 14
4
b. 4 25
w25
11,532 km
nline
40. !441 21
Homework Help
Visit: PHSchool.com
Web Code: ate-0308
4 2
41. 2 25
5
44. 2!30 5.48
47. !41 6.40
a. 4 35 irrational
b. !225 undefined
42. !2 1.41
c. - !2.25 rational
45. 2!1089 33
49. Writing Explain the difference between - !1 and !1. See left.
50. Open-Ended Find two integers a and b between 1 and 20 such that a 2 + b 2 is a
perfect square. Answers may vary. Sample: 3 and 4
51. Math in the Media In the cartoon, to what number is the golfer referring? 4
Alternative Assessment
Challenge
57. a. What is the total area of the large square shown at the right?
b. What is the area of each shaded triangle? 12 unit2
c. What is the area of the shaded square? 2 units2
d. What is the length of the diagonal of each 1 1 square?
"2 units
pages 178180
Exercises
68. 8 ? 7 ? 5 8 ? 5 ? 7 Comm.
Prop. of Mult.
40 ? 7
Mult.
280
Mult.
1
1
x 1
179
179
Test Prep
Test Prep
Standardized
Test Prep
Gridded Response
Resources
100
16
64
256
63. The formula < = A
relates
6
the surface area A of a cube to the length of its edge <. A cube has a
surface area of 726 cm2. How many centimeters is the length of the edge?
Math Tip
11
Mixed Review
Lesson 3-7
Lesson 2-5
69. 14 1 23 1 56
1R 15
70. 16 Q 16
72. 27(3w)
73. 8m 1 145 1 4m
Resources
Grab & Go
Checkpoint Quiz 2
Checkpoint Quiz 2
5. 25 cm 0.2%
64 8
8. #121
11
9. 4 !0.0025 w0.05
180
180